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Unit 3 P Psychology
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Unit 3 Psychology

Engage Education Foundation

Section A Multiple-choice questions

Question 1 The correct answer is C. Question 2 The correct answer is A. Question 3 The correct answer is B. Recognising faces, recognising emotions and imagination are functions of the right hemisphere. Question 4 The correct answer is B. Question 5 The correct answer is A. Question 6 The correct answer is D. Each eye can see both visual fields. Therefore the left eye can see the apple in her left and right visual field. The right hemisphere, receiving information from the left visual field, can recognise the object. However, though the left hemisphere is receiving the visual image of the apple from the right visual field, the recognition of the image in the right hemisphere cannot be communicated, so Jane will be unable to name it. Question 7 The correct answer is B. Question 8 The correct answer is D. Question 9 The correct answer is D. Question 10 The correct answer is B. Question 11 The correct answer is D. Language, movement of the right side of the body and analytical thinking are specialised functions of the left hemisphere. Spatial skills, which are involved in doing a jigsaw puzzle, are a specialised function of the right hemisphere. Question 12 The correct answer is A. Question 13 The correct answer is C. Question 14 The correct answer is D. Question 15 The correct answer is B.

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Unit 3 Psychology

Question 16 The correct answer is D. Question 17 The correct answer is C. Question 18 The correct answer is C. Question 19 The correct answer is B. Question 20 The correct answer is D. Question 21 The correct answer is D. Question 22 The correct answer is D. Question 23 The correct answer is B. Question 24 The correct answer is A. Question 25 The correct answer is C. Question 26 The correct answer is A. Question 27 The correct answer is A. Question 28 The correct answer is C. Question 29 The correct answer is A. Question 30 The correct answer is B. Question 31 The correct answer is D. Question 32 The correct answer is C. Question 33 The correct answer is B.

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Unit 3 Psychology

Engage Education Foundation

Question 34 The correct answer is D. Suppression is a conscious process, while repression is the unconscious blocking of memories from conscious awareness. Question 35 The correct answer is B. Question 36 The correct answer is D. Question 37 The correct answer is C. Because brain stimulation involves an operation, it is considered an extremely invasive technique. Question 38 The correct answer is B. Question 39 The correct answer is A. Question 40 The correct answer is B. Question 41 The correct answer is C. Question 42 The correct answer is C. Question 43 The correct answer is B. Question 44 The correct answer is B. Students should avoid absolute statements such as all. It is impossible to match every personal characteristic of participants. Moreover, matching participants does not eliminate extraneous variables that do not relate to the personal characteristics of participants, such as temperature, time, or other factors. Question 45 The correct answer is D.

Section B Short-answer questions

Marks allocated are indicated by a number in square brackets, for example, [1] indicates that the line is worth one mark. Question 1 Increased/ decreased heart rate [1] OR Increased/ decreased breathing [1] OR Any other reasonable answer [1]

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Unit 3 Psychology

Answers which simply list a physiological characteristic, for example heart rate but did not explain how it could change when in an altered state of consciousness receive no marks. Question 2 Increased/ decreased awareness [1] OR Perceptual disturbances, as senses are experienced as more vivid or dulled [1] OR A disturbed sense of time [1] Answers which simply list a psychological characteristic, for example awareness but did not explain how it could change when in an altered state of consciousness receive no marks. Question 3 The EOG detects, amplifies and records electrical activity in the muscles of the eyes [1] To obtain the mark, students need to have mentioned electrical activity. To say the EOG detects, amplifies and records movements in the eye muscles is not correct. Question 4 Stage 1 characterised by a mixture of Alpha and Theta waves [1] Stage 2 characterised by Theta waves with sleep spindles and k complexes [1] Stage 3 characterised by a mixture of Theta and under 50% Delta waves [1] Stage 4 characterised by more than 50% Delta waves [1] Question 5 Brocas area is responsible for allowing coherent speech and writing, particularly by following rules of grammar and sentence structure [1] Individuals with Brocas aphasia have difficulty speaking and writing in a coherent way. Their sentences lack structure and grammar [1] Question 6a Radioactive glucose or oxygen compounds injected. [1] Scans detect the gamma rays that are produced as the radioactive compounds are metabolised. [1] A colour-coded picture is produced that shows activity levels of the brain during different tasks. [1] Question 6b Any reasonable advantage [1] for example: o PET scans show detailed information about function o PET scans provide 3D images of the brain o PET scans are very sensitive Any reasonable disadvantage [1] for example: o PET scans are invasive as they involve an injection o The use of radioactive agents mean only a limited number of scans can be performed o PET scans are very expensive Question 6c Brain stimulation [1] Weak electrical current that mimic neural impulses is applied via electrodes implanted into brain. These often produce clear behavioural changes which are analysed. [1] OR EEG [1]

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Unit 3 Psychology

Engage Education Foundation

A series of electrodes are attached to the surface of the scalp, and the electrical activity of neurons is transferred to paper as wavelike patterns. [1] OR fMRI [1] Patient surrounded by an electromagnet and exposed to bursts of magnetic fields while they perform a cognitive task. The magnetic fields stimulate protons in brains tissue to emit radio signals which are then detected and analysed to form an anatomical image. [1]

CT scans and MRI scans are not acceptable answers, as they only provide information on the structure of the brain, while the question stated the function was to be investigated. Question 7 Sensory memory Short term memory Long term memory Capacity Unlimited [1] 5-9 pieces of information [1] Unlimited [1] Duration 0.3 of a second to 4 seconds [1] 12-16 seconds [1] Relatively permanent [1]

Question 8 Maintenance rehearsal involves repeating information over and over to retain it in Short Term Memory [1] Elaborative rehearsal involves linking new information with information already stored in memory or with other new information [1] Elaborative rehearsal will lead to better long term retention of information, because by complicating the information and linking it to other information, the new information is better encoded, leading to better storage and easier retrieval. [1] Answers which simply state elaborative rehearsal was better but did not explain why cannot receive full marks. Question 9a When able to write down the words they could remember immediately after the reading of the list concluded, recall would be superior for words at the beginning and end of the list. When made to recite the seven times tables before writing down the words they could remember, recall would be superior for only the words at the beginning of the list [1] When able to immediately write down the words they could remember, the participants could remember the first words because they had been rehearsed into LTM (the primacy effect), and the last words because they were still stored in their STM (the recency effect) [1] Reciting the seven times table before writing down the recalled words displaced the last words in the list from the participants STM. Therefore the participants would be unable to recall the last words on the list [1] Question 9b Yes, because there was an equal chance of participants being allocated to either group, as they were drawn out of a hat [1] Question 9c Repeated measures design [1] Question 9d The order effect [1] Counterbalancing [1] OR Any other reasonable extraneous variable [1]

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Unit 3 Psychology

A reasonable way to eliminate the extraneous variable identified [1]

Question 9e No, because the participants were not randomly selected [1] OR No, because the population was too small [1] OR Any other reasonable answer [1] Question 9f There was less than a 4% probability the results occurred by chance [1] OR The results are statistically significant, meaning they most likely did not occur by chance [1] Question 9g Informed consent, as the participants did not give written consent [1] OR Withdrawal rights, as participants should be allowed to withdraw at any time from the experiment [1] OR Voluntary participation, as there was an inducement (extra marks) to participate [1] OR Any other reasonable answer, accompanied by an explanation [1] Answers that simply name an ethical consideration and do not explain how it was breached in the experiment receive no marks. The ethical consideration identified and explanation have to match to receive full marks.

Section C Extended response questions

Answers are not provided for this section as a range of responses are acceptable. Ask your teacher or tutor to look over your work and suggest improvements. Points students could have discussed include: The way in which the frontal lobe of the brain allowed for Vince to move his pen across the page The way in which the occipital lobe allowed for Vince to read what was on his exam The way in which the two hemispheres of Vinces brain communicated with each other to identify what was being seen in his left and right visual fields The way in which the brain retrieved information from Vinces long term memory as he wrote his answer

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