the term needs analysis generally refers to the activities that are involved in collecting information that will

serve as the basis for developing a curriculum that will meet the needs of a particular group of students
Target need target needs is smethng of an umbrella term which is pracitce hides a nuber of imptnce distinctions it is more useful to look at the target situation in terms of necessities lacks n wants. Necessities: Necessities is the type of need tht determined by the demands of the target situation tht is what the larner hs to knw in order of function effectively in the target situation. For exmple a bussiness man or women might need to understand business letters to communicate effectively at sales conference to get necessary info also need to knw the linguistic features discoursal functional structural lexical which r common used in the situation identifeid it is the matter of observaing wht situations the learner ll need to function in n then analysisng the constituent parts Lacks: there is also need to know abt wht the learner knws already so tht u can decide which of the necessities the learner lacks. One traget situation necessity might b to read texts in aparticular subject area. Whether or not the learner s need instruction in doing this ll depend on hw well thy can do iy already. The target proficiency other words needs to b matched against the existing prificiency of the learner . gap btw two can b reffered to as learners lacks. Wants: learners hv a view as to what their needs are. As richterich comments: a need doesnt exist independent of a person it is people who build their images of their needs on the basis of data relating to themselves n their environment. Learner may ll hv a clear idea of the necessities of the target situation hv a view of their lacks but it is quite possible tht his view conflict with the perception of other interested parties. Karl jensen is a german engineer who has a frequent importnt need to read texts in english, also need to talk the overseas colleagues.for exp his company in which he is working has a meeting there he have to talk in english. he knows the he needs to attend a english class bcz his competence in is, reading but for communication he needs his own speed his own ines there fore he sees his greatest need as being the improvement of his oral proficiency.. Li yu zhen is a chine grduate student in chemistry wants to go to united states. She needs to be able to survive socially n professionally in an eng speaking community so fluency is imptnt but she prefers to imropve her grammer bcz she has to pass the written test so she sees her priority need as being to pass the test. Both exp show tht there is no relationship btw necessities as perceived by sponsor or esp teacher n wht th learners wnt or feel thy need. The motivation of leaener in learning process cannt b ignored. Richard meads account of his research he took some medical agriculture n veterinary student for his research n gve them esp course

based on texts from their sud specialism he gets to knw tht only medical students shows interest in it. Veterinary n agriculture student doesenothv interest on their sub bcz thy wana to b dr but thy could get in to it. So they both are like salty is a wound. Objectve Necessity. the eng needed for success in agricultural or veterinary studies. Sub to reluctantly cope vd a send best situation. Lacks obj areas of eng needed for agriculture or veterinary studies Subjt means of doing medical study Wants obj to succeed in agriculture or veterinary studes Sub to undrtake medicl studies. From the above analysis there can b no clear cut answer wht teache should do in this situation. Each situation cn b judge accdng to particular circumstances. Gathering info abt target needs, There r numbers of way in which info can b gathered. Questionaires ,interviws ,observation ,data collection. Frame work. Why is the lag needed For study, work, training for a combination of these for sme other purpose Hw ll the lang b used? Medium speaking writig reading. Channel.. talephne face to face Types of text academic tet Conversation technical manuals catalogues. Wht ll the content areas b? Sub medicine biology architecture shipping commerce engineering. Level techinican craftsman postgradugate secondry school. Who ll th learner use the langage with? Native or non native speakers Level of knw of receiver

Relationship .. teacher customer superior subordinate. Where ll the lang b used? Physical setting office lecture theatre hotel workshop library Human context alnoe metings demonstration. Linguistic context in own country, aboard . LEARNING NEEDS; in target situation v just consider the starting point n destination but wht v not consider is the route.how v get to the sartng point to the destination this indicate another kind of need tht is learning needs. 4 esp course designer asks what does the expert communicator need to knw in oder to function effectively in this situation? The info may b interms of lang skills strategies etc .in this analysis people tell u little abt how thy learnt to do. But esp courses is not concerned with only knowing n doing but also with learning.. For exp if v prepare the materials for a group of learners need to read text on system. Most of the avilable text is dull n boring. Should these texts b used for esp? we should say no.. we should make some interesting text for them so tht thy can get our point easily. Herbolich n waters gives us exp in this account describes a scheme for engineering students who had a build a bo kite n write a manual abt it. He gives them 5 reson to choosing the box kite as the object. The mechanism should b1 realtively new to the tudents 2 related to a field of engineering 3 device allowd the attainmnt of new lexis 4 device actually would operate 5 enjoyable to cnstruct n test. Analysis framework 1 Y r the learners takng the course? Compulsory or optional Apparent need or not Wht do they think thy ll achieve? Wht is their attitude towrads this esp course? Do thy really want to improve their eng. 2 How do the learners learn? Wht is their learing background? Their concept of learning r teaching? Wht methodology appeal to thm?

Who r the learners? Wht thy alredy knw abt eng. Wht sub knw do thy hv? Wht r their interests/ their soci cultural backgriund?