July 11, 2002 AR 513 / Construction Management Topic: PLANNING TECHNIQUES CONSTRUCTION PRE-PLANNING Planning Planning is an art, and

the art of planning exist only among human beings. Planning Functions has Four Different Dimensions namely: 1. 2. 3. 4. Planning is a philosophy Planning is migration Planning is a process Planning is a collection of procedures

The central figure in a project is the PROJECT MANAGER. Project construction management differs much from management of more traditional activities. The main feature in project construction is the Project Manager who oversee a variety of operations that involves repetitive activities and other various activities. The Project Manager needs to know are: 1. The logical construction sequence that must be followed 2. The quantity and the delivery dates of various materials to be used 3. How much and what kind of manpower will be needed 4. When to start and complete the job on time Timetable The project manager should conduct one or more informal sessions with key personnel assigned to the project such as: a. The construction superintendent b. Job buyer c. Drafting room coordinator d. Job expediter The Project Engineer must: a. Review the timetable thoroughly b. Raise questions on its overall logic and workability c. Offer constructive criticism on detailed work functions and interrelated activities Preliminaries and Site Management After a contract is awarded, the contractor has to: 1. Determine the key personnel to supervise the work 2. Make provisions for the equipment to be used 3. Determine the location and methods of erecting temporary structures such as: a. Job offices b. Storage sheds c. Workshops d. Roadway e. Bank house for workers and facilities Project undergoes series of stages which includes: 1. Planning 2. Execution of major activities 3. Project phase out Project construction life cycle requires various requirements such as:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

The site must be found and boundaries relocated Plan must be drawn Plan must be approved by the owner Building permit must be secured Succession of personnel follows

The main objectives in the preliminaries of organizing a construction job are: 1. To secure the necessary licenses and building permits 2. Prepare a time and progress chart 3. Have an access to the site or a temporary roadway 4. Construction of boarding, fences, and temporary shed 5. Construction of temporary field offices for the staff 6. Arrangement for canteen facilities 7. Cleaning and leveling the site 8. Demolition of existing structures 9. Disposal of materials obtain from the demolition 10. Shoring to adjoining structures 11. Arrangement for temporary water and electric supply 12. Allotment and preparation of storage space for use of contractor and sub-contractor 13. Allotment of space for borrows pits or other sources of fill to be brought in 14. Provision for drains and soak-ways 15. General site problems including any special features Planning Program and Progress Chart The most important part of the works organization are: a. The preparation of a comprehensive time and progress chart for the execution of the work b. The periodic revision of the chart as circumstances demand, and the regular comparison of progress chart made with the program. The most common and widely used techniques available for planning are: 1. Bar Charts and Linked Bar Charts the easiest to understand and most widely used form of planning tool. Activity T i m e ( w e e k s ) Description 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Excavation to foundations and basement ST Excavation to foundations and basement CO Waterproof lining to Basement Breakout old substructure Concrete founds ST Concrete founds CO Concrete Basement Walls Typical bar chart

Activity Description Excavation to foundations and basement ST Excavation to foundations and basement CO Waterproof lining to Basement Breakout old substructure Concrete founds ST Concrete founds CO Concrete Basement Walls

1 (4)

2 (4)

T 5

i 6

m 7

e 8

( 9

w 10

e 11

e 12

k 13

s 14

) 15

16

(4)

(4)

(4)

(4)

(4)

(4) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)

(3)

(3)

(3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3)

L A B O U R E R S

7 6 5 4 3 2 1

A linked bar chart and resource aggregation chart 2. Network Analysis Offers little more than a linked bar chart, but its protagonists claim with some justification, that the smaller, self contained steps of a network are more applicable to complex operations than is the bar chart. Steps in producing a network are: a. listing the activities b. producing a network showing the logical relationship between activities c. assessing the duration of each activity, producing a schedule, and determining the start and finish times of each activity and the float available d. assessing the resources required

8 3 Exc. Founds And basements CO 6 0 0 Exc. Founds And basement ST 2 2 2

Waterproof lining to basement 6 1 Breakout old substructure 3 3 Conc. founds CO 14 14 16 16

Conc. basement walls 2

Conc. founds ST

4 9 11

A network showing duration, event numbers and event times.

3.

Line of Balance Is a planning technique for repetitive work, the principles employed are taken from the planning and control of manufacturing process. The technique has been applied in construction work mainly to house building and to a lesser extent to jetty work and in conjunction with networks to road works. Preparing a line of balance schedule: 1. Prepare a logic diagram

Drive Piles 18 days 2. 3. 4. 5.

Construct Pile Cap 12 days

Fix Deck 10 days

Estimate the manhours required to complete each operations Choose buffer times which will guard against the risk of interference between operations Calculate the required output target in order to meet a given project completion date Complete the table

Total time 10 9 7 5 3 1 Piles 10 20 Cap 30 40

104 days

50

Deck 60

70

80

90

100

TIME (DAYS) Effect of scheduling operation Pile Cap at a completion schedule