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Up to 2008
P O L I T I C A L E C O N O M IC
1) Increase rate of interest results in reduce customer spending. (R30) 2) Economic growth stood at 1.8%. (R30) 3) Cost push inflation by rise in fuel prices.(R7) 1) The UK has an aging population. (BA.com) 2) Sponsorship to support bid for 2012 games. (BA.com) 1) Online booking services and check-in is increased. (R23) 2) Lowest fuel hedging system as compared to European carriers. (R23 TABLE 2 FACTORS INTENSIVE COMPETITION
1) Sharp decline in UK consumer spending. (R22) 2) Global recession. (R22) 3) Decline in fuel price = strengthening of the dollar (IMF, 2008)
1) Air line industry consolidating at an accelerated pace. (R22) 2) Tighter access to finance due to banking crises. (R22)
S O C I AL
1) Work with over 120 community and conservation organisations worldwide. (R32) 1) 34% of online consumers plan to use price comparison sites. (NMA, 2009). 2) Marketing websites and call canters. (R23)
1) Volatility in the price of oil and petroleum products can have a material impact on operating results. (R31) 2) Reduce foreign exchange exposures arising from transactions in various currencies (R31) ) A large number of requests for free or discounted flights as part of attempts to raise money for charity. (R33) 2) Dream flights. (R9) 1) IT systems for most of our principal business processes. (R34) 2) Long haul aircraft are fitted with the new cabin. (R34)
TE CH N O LO GY
COMPEITIVE RIVARLY
HISTORICALLY HIGH HIGH & LIMITED POWER HIGH BARRIER LOW THREATS FEW SUBSTITUIE LOW THREAT
PORTER S 5 FORCES AIR LINE INDUSTRY All carries short & long haul flights with little difference with competitors. (R23) Short haul market is much fragmented with small players. Direct competition is fierce. (R22) Consolidation of competitors has increased competition. (R24) BA has 25 suppliers and procurement team measure high risk across important suppliers. Priority of landing is given to historic rights of existing users. (R25) Employees use trade unions in order to increase their bargaining power. (R26) Internet usage enhanced the awareness and attraction of customers. (R23) Less bargaining and buying power is seems due to low concentration of buyers to suppliers, key factor is fuel prices and surcharge. (R22) Barriers to entry as competitive environment, high capital cost and high regularities. Barriers to exit because of high cost especially after merger. (R17 Few direct substitutes like for Short haul flights Euro star and ferry. (R23) Long haul flights No noticeable substitutes. (R23)
Strength
HIGH
TABLE 3 VALUE CHAIN FIRM INFRASTRUCTURE Structured hierarchy. Multitude knowledge get competitive advantage What we fly invest in people TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT Lowest fuel hedging system. An increase of fuel-efficient aircrafts. BA and Rolls-Royce programme on alternative fuels.
INBOUND LOGISTIC OPERATIONS Stock control. (R13) Open skies program Strong relationship (R23) with suppliers. Increased baggage Exploring security. (R23) alternative fuels for Quick service in industry terminal 5. (R23) Scheduling & fleet Online pre booking resource for short & ability (R23) long haul flights. TABLE 4 REVENUE ANALYSES Revenue Divisions 1) Company recorded revenue during FY. 2) Shift in revenue over last FY.
OUTBOND LOGISTIC Good customer services. (R13) Large database of airport slots. Customer division geographically. (R22) Capacity expand
MARKITING SALES Through subsidiaries. (R27) Own BA websites, face book and twitter(R23) Call centres and offline agents. (R23) Task persuading
AFTER SALES SERVICE Club card scheme care customers gaining free miles. Update communication on different occasions.
2007/08 1) 8,753 m. 2) 3.07% Inc. 1) 1,219 m 2) 5.45% Inc. 1) 1,697 m 2)2% Dec. 1) 821 m 2) 2.24% Inc 1) 659 m 2)2.64% Inc
2008/09 1) 8,992 m 2)2.7% Inc. 1) 1,420 m 2)0.6% Inc. 1) 1,719 m 2)1.3% Inc. 1) 875 m 2)6.6% Inc
2009/10 1) 7,994 m 2)11.1% Dec. 1) 1,255 m 2)11.83% Dec. 1) 1651 m 2)3.95% Dec 1) 731 m 2)16.45% Dec 1) 721 m 2)7.68% Dec
1) Revenue in continental Europe during FY. 2) Shift in revenue over last FY. 1) The Americas revenue during FY. 2) Shift in revenue over last FY. 1) Africa, Middle East & the Indian sub-continent during FY. 2) Shift in revenue over last FY. 1) Far East and Australasia revenue during FY. 2) Shift in revenue over last FY.
DIAGRAME 1 FULE & REVEMUE ANALYSIS Year 06/07 Year 07/08 Year 08/09 Year 09/10 0 1 2 3 4 5
SALE Development
Maturity
Decline
.TABLE 5 MAJOR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES Scheduled passenger services Cargo handling TABLE 6 BA TOWS ANALYSIS Aircraft maintenance
ENVOIRNMENTAL CHANGE ( OPORTUNITY & THREATS ) CSR Global Competition & Emerging market STRATEGY Recession Price Dis. Growth ST RE NG HT WE AK NE SS ES Ecnomies of scale Brand identity Operations Marketing & sales Open skies Inadequate liq. Currency disadv. Firm infrastructur Low fuel hedging HRM Environmental Impact scores +5 +4 +3 +5 0 0 0 -2 -3 -2 +17 -7 0 +2 0 +2 -1 -3 -3 -3 -2 -3 +4 -15 +2 +5 +3 +2 +3 0 -2 -3 -3 -3 +15 -11 +4 +5 +3 +3 +3 0 +1 0 -1 0 +19 -1
0 1 0 0 1 6 8 8 14 9
TABLE 7 LUFTHANSA, BRITISH AIRWAYS, IBERIA and AIR FRANCE-KLM suffer from swine flu threat - SHARE WRAP table. World s airline, airport & aviation supplier stocks were punished in front of fear of global pandemic on the scale of 2003 SARS outbreak. Airline Fall/Rise in shares Airline Fall/Rise in shares LUFTHANSA -9.3% BRITISH AIRWAYS -7.8% IBERIA 6.6% AIR FRANCE- KLM 6.6% TABLE 8 GLOBAL IMPACT OF SEPTEMBER 11 Description IATA states fall in member airlines Fall 63% Description Radical capacity cut by airlines Fall 9% Description Decline in traffic. (R2) Fall 23%
TABLE 9 COMPARISON OF MERGERS AMONGST OTHER PLAYERS Which European airline mergers might work Potential combination Air France-KLM / Lufthansa Lufthansa / BA AF-KLM / BA Combined Mkt. ( bn) 12 10 8 For Majority slots at 5 of EU largest airports. Complementary routes.Labor/buying synergies Lufthansa s strong balance sheet. Diversifies BA from US and Lufthansa towards US Would be Europe s largest carrier. Majority of slots at 3 of Europe s largest airports. High synergies Affordable SAS to provide traffic for Lufthansa s German hubs. High synergies Against High market share at hub airports. Different working practices. AF partly government owned High market share at Heathrow High market share at hub airports. AF partly government owned. Different working practices
Lufthansa / SAS
High share on Germany-Scandinavia routes. SAS needs restructuring. Both unionized but working practices different British Airways / 5 BA already has stake. Strong transatlantic High route overlap on London-Spain and transatlantic. Iberia market share. Iberia s strong balance sheet British Airways pensions/unions TABLE 10 INDUSRTY REVENUE DIAGRAME 3 Average industry Revenue increase / decrease 2006 2007 's 's Cathay. 5125 (R40B) 6,359 Lufthansa Total Average Inc / decrease Refs:16555 21,680 10,840 18,698 25,057 12,528
HIGH 4-Differentiation 3- hybrid 5- Focused Differentiation
Perceived
Product/Service
2-Low price 6
18,600 24,251
Benefits 1- No frills 7
14,020 12,125 Inc Dec Inc 15% 11.9% 13.5% Lufthansa Anual Reports. Cathay pacific annual Reports 2006 07 08 09 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Description BA plc 8992 0.22 40627 224 11.6 yrs 2.45% 2.73x Cathay pacific 5651 0.21 26700 116 10.5 yrs 5.04% 0.62x
LOW LOW
8 HIGH
TABLE 11 S.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Revenue (m s) Revenue per employee (m s) Number of employees Number of planes Age of planes GP margin Gearing ratio
Lufthansa
-3 global policies
+1 strong partnership
share
+4 975 destintions
0 impact
No
+2 Fierce Competition
+2 E service&
+1 flight entertainment
CATHAY +1 20% fuel +4 stable share price PACIFIC Major efficient S/H AHK TABLE 14 STRATEGIC OPPTIONS STRATEGIC OPPTIONS
SUTABILITY B.A is making financial losses so need to change strategy for improvement.
AVAILABILTY
FEASIBLETY Poor employees relationship Very competitive industry requires change in strategy to remain in competition. As per annual report 2010 high debts make it unfeasible to sell the company. High legal cost for making crew redundant
MERGER / ACQUSITION
No further growth of company. Bad Effect on brand / Bad repute. No value Addition for share holders. Cabin Crew dept. can be out source as in loss. 2) Terminal 5 can be open for other airlines Competitive industry and current economic environment makes it suitable for merger. Synergy of 534 million dollars after merger with Iberia in fifth year.
Market share rose by 7% after news of B.A and Iberia merger. share holders are not interested in closing down the company. Negative effect on brand and customers. Quality staff can be an issue. Market share rose by 7% after news of B.A and Iberia merger which indicate share holders are not interested in closing down the company
5.6 billion dollars employee pension plan deficit. Iberia can walk away from deal. Cultural gap between two companies.
TABLE 17 - Merger benefit table. Description Total cost saving. (R16) Iberia will bring cash amounting. (R16) Share of the Europe-Latin America market. (R16) BA and Qantas will carry passengers on 474 aircraft flying to more than 230 destinations. (R16) Merged company turnover around. (R17) Number of planes. (R17) Number of destinations. (R17)
Result $875 million $3 million 20 % 71 million/year 15,000 million euros 419 205
TABLE 18 APPRAISAL OF LEADERSHIP OF WILLE WALSH MANAGERIAL GRID Blake & Mouton Authority Compliance Score (9.1) Concerns with financial performance Long Term interest of BA Taking union to court Known as Slasher Bullish management style Job cut air Lings 2500 Category AII unilateral decisions Pragmatic Approach Autocratic Contingency theory Low LPC, Disliked by staff Change management move in 2008 Strong position, taking union to court L M relationship, uncompromisingly direct in his dealings RECOMENDATION Vroom & Yetton M. GII Participation required Communication Coordination, avoiding unilateral Using knowledge of work in union Training (T5 chaos) Need high LPC No sign of country club Score (1.9) Conflict with cabin crew Removal movement in past 2008
Situational Variables Likelihood that cabin crew will accept No compromise by W.Walsh Needs participative decision Transforming leadership W.W working for change Powerful CEO Tough since joining B.A Clear vision but not appealing to all
Organizational culture
Hierarchal and militaristic (80 s) Command & control Culture Past examples: Michelle McGregor, Pensions Manager Salary raised 353,509 514,254 Court cases on executives 2004-6 RECOMENDATION Learning from past/experience Former CEO Colin Marshall (90s) example Training programmes Participation Colin s approach, designing people--- Consistency by later CEO
leadership behavior Consideration-low Initiating structure Ohio Style leadership studies Tired of negotiation(w-walsh) No apology for focusing on profit (W.Walsh)
TABLE 19 EMPLOYEES RELATION CHALLENGES 1. Over Staffing 2. Higher rate wages British Airways * Senior Mgt and Middle management (E11) * Cabin Crew (E2) * Compared to Gatwick Staff (E11) * Compared to industry average (E4) * Highly attractive reward package (E6) * extra 4.5% contribution from July 2010 (E12 ) * Closure of final salary scheme (E5, E10) * Most of employees represents unions (E8) Manage employee costs increase create Disputes (E7) * 1st class hotel accommodation package * Time off after long haul flights * Higher pay for long haul flight staff (E3) * Travel Perks (E10) *Unilateral decisions Virgin Atlantic * Recruiting more staff as the Airline expanding * Industry average very low compared to BA * provide pension and private medical scheme * unionized but effective Communication with mgt * whole lot of benefit for full-time employees
3. 4.
5.
Poor communication
R2-ilo.org/public/english/dialogue/sector/techmeet/imhct0 R7 article13.com/A13_ContentList.asp?strAction R9 britishairways.com/travel/comreluk/public/en_gb R13 britishairways.com/travel/csr-marketplace R16-businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/dec2008/gb2008124 R17-news-spain.euroresidentes.com/2010/03/merger R21centreforaviation.com/news/share-market/2009/04/28/ R22A britishairways.com/cms/global/microsites/ba_reports/ R23 www.euromonitor.com R22 www.datamonitor.com
R2 www.FT.com R26 investegate.co.uk/Article.aspx?id=200911130700034497C R25 investegate.co.uk/Article.aspx?id=200911130700034497C R27 subsidiaries see notes R28-dailymail.co.uk/debate/article-1289698/DAILY-MAIL-COMMENT R29 - telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/air-passenger-duty R30 News BBc.co.uk R31 www.Ba.com/ar/2009-2010 R32 britishairways.com/cms/global/microsites/ba_reports0910 R33 - http://press.ba.com/?cat=7 R34 - www.bashares.com Investor Update - May 2010