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Hugo Coops acknowledgements: Roy Brouwer (RIZA), Antoon Kuyper, Theo Claassen (Wetterskip Fryslan)
Costly operation aimed at optimizing different functions Adverse ecological effects rehabilitation of natural WLFs
1. Hydrology
a. b. a. b. a. a. b. c. d. a. b. c. d. e. a. b. a. a. b. a. b.
Prevent flooding of levees Prevent water nuisance in polders Sufficient inlet capacity Sufficient discharge capacity Sufficient water transport Shoreline vegetation (reedbeds) Good water quality Pike stock Bank management Shoreline vegetation (reedbeds) Good water quality Submerged vegetation Otter habitat Great reed warbler habitat Prevent flooding Prevent low groundwater levels Prevent harvest reduction Critical passage heights under bridges Navigation channel depth Critical passage heights under bridges in summer Navigation channel depth in summer
5. Nature
Scenario x Reference
-3
1/3
-2
1/10
-1
1/30
0
1/100
1
1/300
2
1/1000
Ecological functions
Area reedbeds (% of area) Area of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) (% of area) Water quality (P and N concentration) Northern pike (kg young pike/ha) Shoreline sustainability (index)
1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 WLF (m) 0,4 0,5 0,6
reedbelt width
-3
1%
-2
4%
-1
8%
0
10%
1
14%
2
17%
Ti = slop e
-3
2%
-2
5%
-1
9%
0
10%
1
20%
2
30%
Nature
Area reedbeds (% of area) Area of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) (% of area) Water quality (P and N concentration) Northern pike (kg young pike/ha) Otter habitat (potential population size) Great reed warbler (potential breeding population size)
Urban areas
80000 cumulative built area 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 elevation of built area
5%
-3
10
-2
5
-1
2
0
1
1
1/2
2
1/5
Agriculture
6000 production loss (euro/ha) 5500 5000 4500 4000 -0.8
-0.7
-0.6
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2
-3
-5%
-2
-2%
-1
-1%
0
1%
1
2%
2
5%
-3
0.3
-2
0.15
-1
0.05
0
-0.05
1
-0.15
2
-0.3
100 % shallow navigation route 80 60 40 20 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 decrease 1% lowest WL (summer)
-3
0.3
-2
0.15
-1
0.05
0
-0.05
1
-0.15
2
-0.3
Function Parameter Total Navigation Recr.nav. Comm.nav. Agriculture Harvest value Urban W Foundations Flooding Ecology Bank mgmt Reedbeds W Transp W transport Polders Outlet Inlet Hydrol. Flooding
Measure Dredging Elevate bridges Dredging Elevate bridges Compensation Reconstruction Construct levees Management Planting reedbeds Pumping station Pumping capacity Sluices Increase levees
-300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50
Million
What is the socio-economic value of natural water levels in the Friese Boezem?
- How to measure: willingness to pay - Study of ecologically-engineered canal banks - Interviewers bias
RIZA-BD RWS study: 521 face-to-face interviews August 15-27, 2002 Three recreational locations: Earnewald, De Potten, Galamadammen 50 questions (15-20 minutes) Origin, activities and travel costs Perception of present landscape Attitude and willingness to pay for more natural water-level management
Results (perception)
80% holidaymakers 15% first time in the area 98% plans to return to the area 45% sailers/boaters, 17% cyclists Average appreciation on scale 1-10: 8 Important landscape characteristics: quietness, nature, clear water, mooring opportunities, sites for swimming
Water-level change questions: -Is huge investment justifiable: short term cost vs. long-term benefit? -How to include soft variables? -Who has the benefit and how to approach them? -Alternatives? General: -CBA increasingly required in environmental impact assessment -socio-economic analysis part of CBA -EU: catchment plans