By: Ghulam Muhammad Abbasi (microminded@gmail.

com)

PARTS OF SPEECH
A term in traditional grammar for the categories into which words are classified according to their functions in sentences: Traditional grammar classifies words based on eight parts of speech: the verb, the noun, the pronoun, the adjective, the adverb, the preposition, the conjunction, and the interjection.
1. NOUN Noun is a naming word. It names all living an non-living creatures, things, places, actions, professions, conditions, states, qualities, quantities, processes, posts, designations, concepts, all areas of knowledge etc. Examples: John, Mary, boy, girl, children; Pasadena, CEC; classrooms, notebooks; freedom, intelligence; hope, anger, joy. Nouns, depending on their countability and uncountabilty, are cateforized as; Countable Nouns A countable noun is a noun that indicates something you could actually count. For example, you could count pigs: one pig, two pigs, three pigs... However, you couldn't count water: one water, two water no, it doesn't work... A countable noun has both a singular and a plural form, and it can be used with the indefinite articles (a/an). Examples: Window, teacher, tree, lion, eye, cloud, pencil, heart, movie. Uncountable Nouns An uncountable noun is a noun that indicates something you cannot count. For example, you could count pigs: one pig, two pigs, three pigs... However, you couldn't count water: one water, two water no, it doesn't work... An uncountable noun has only one form (no plural), and it cannot be used with the indefinite articles (a/an). Examples: Furniture, advice, mail, news, equipment, luggage, work, coffee, information. 2. PRONOUN A pronoun is usually a substitute for a noun. The noun is called the "antecedent" (but an indefinite pronoun has no antecedent).

Examples: a. Personal pronouns: I, mine, me; you, yours; he, his, him; she, hers, her; it, its; we, ours, us; they, theirs, them. b. Interrogative pronouns: who, whose, whom, which, what c. Relative pronouns (include): who, who, whose, which, that; whoever, whomever, whichever d. Demonstrative pronouns: this, that, these, those e. Indefinite pronouns (include): all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, many, neither, nobody, no one, none, one, others, some, somebody, someone, such f. Intensive or reflexive pronouns: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves

By: Ghulam Muhammad Abbasi (microminded@gmail.com)

3. VERB A verb expresses an action or a condition (a state of being) and possession. Examples: Robert will eat the hamburger. (action) Robert wont eat the hamburger. Will Robert eat the hamburger? 4. ADVERB An adverb describes a verb, adjective, or other adverb. Adverbs usually tell how (for example: slowly), when (e.g., lately), where (e.g., there), how much (e.g., very), or why (e.g., therefore). Example: He always chews his gum loudly. 5. ADJECTIVE An adjective describes a noun or a pronoun. Examples: tall, young, pretty, light, blue, new, white (The tall, young, pretty girl is wearing a light blue dress with her new white shoes.) (NOTE: ...a light dress blue with her new shoes white.) Some, few, many, round, half, full etc. Sara is happy. (condition or state of being) Sara isnt happy. Is Sara happy?

Adjectives and adverbs have three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative, superlative. Examples: Mary has a smart child. Sara has a smarter child. Nancy has the smartest child. Robert is an intelligent student. William is more intelligent than Robert. Kim is the most intelligent student. The red car is expensive. The white car is less expensive. The blue car is the least expensive. Im a good painter. Shes a better painter. Hes the best painter. Im a bad singer. Shes a worse singer. Hes the worst singer. Different Types of adjectives Adjectives can be divided into several types: Opinion Nice, pretty, stupid, original, expensive, etc. Size Big, small, large, tiny, enormous, little, etc. Age Young, old, new, ancient, antique, etc. Shape Round, square, flat, straight, etc. Color Blue, red, white, black, dark, bright, yellowish, etc. Origin Italian, British, Mexican, western, southern, etc.

By: Ghulam Muhammad Abbasi (microminded@gmail.com)

Material Metal, wooden, plastic, golden, etc. Determiners A determiner is a word that comes before a noun to show which person or thing you are talking about. Examples: A, an, the, my, your, some, any, several, enough, any. Example sentences: I have a red hat. Please give me my bag. Some people decided to leave. She doesn't want any money. They watched several movies. Some people consider determiners to be a type of adjectives. What's special about determiners is that you usually can use only one determiner at a time. Incorrect: He has the my ticket. Correct: He has my ticket / He has the ticket. Nouns that act like adjectives Sometimes nouns function as adjectives. In other words, they come before another noun and describe it. Examples: Sports car Orange juice Television station Coffee shop Book cover 6. PREPOSITION A preposition usually shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another part of a sentence. There are many prepositions, including: about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, as, at, before, behind, below, beneath, between, beyond, beside, besides, by, down, during, except, from, for, in, inside, into, like, near, next, of, off, on, out, out of, outside, over, past, round, since, than, through, till, to, toward, towards, under, underneath, unless, until, upon, up, with, within, without. Examples: My pencil is under my desk by my foot. 7. CONJUNCTION A conjunction connects words, phrases, and clauses. Coordinate conjunctions connect words, phrases, and clauses of equal value: and, or, nor, but (and sometimes for). e.g., The dog and the cat are hungry. Correlative conjunctions occur in pairs: both-and, either-or, neither-nor, not only-but also. e.g., Both the fish and the snake are thirsty. Subordinate conjunctions connect unequal clauses (dependent clauses with independent clauses). They include: after, although, as, because, before, if, since, than, though, unless, until, when, where, while. e.g., After they ate, they had dessert. 8. INTERJECTION An interjection is a word that expresses feeling or emotion; usually it is followed by an exclamation mark. Martha drove from LA to NY.

By: Ghulam Muhammad Abbasi (microminded@gmail.com)

Examples: Oh! Ah! Wow! Darn! Gosh! Golly! Gee! Ow! Ouch! Yikes! Holy moly! Yippee! Hooray! Boo! Whew! English Parts of Speech Exercise 01 Look at the word in bold. Which part of speech is it? When in doubt, use a dictionary! Press "Check" to check your answers. Use the "Hint" button to get a free letter if you don't know. Note that you will lose points if you ask for hints! Top of Form 1. I like ice-cream. Part of speech: 2. Daniel is moving to Florida. Part of speech: 3. The cat keeps fighting with the dog. Part of speech: 4. Hey, this is mine! Part of speech: 5. He bought a new hat and a new shirt. Part of speech: 6. She handled it very smoothly. Part of speech: 7. This is the most beautiful view I've ever seen. Part of speech: 8. You should be able to fix it. Part of speech: 9. Obviously, you will not be alone. Part of speech: 10. Hi, it's good to see you. Part of speech: 11. Reading is important. Part of speech: 12. This is for you. Part of speech: 13. He is the best in the area. Part of speech: 14. He probably hates himself now. Part of speech: 15. He is good looking, but is he smart? Part of speech: 16. I am ready. Part of speech: Bottom of Form

By: Ghulam Muhammad Abbasi (microminded@gmail.com)

English Parts of Speech Exercise 02 Look at the word in bold. Which part of speech is it? When in doubt, use a dictionary! Press "Check" to check your answers. Use the "Hint" button to get a free letter if you don't know. Note that you will lose points if you ask for hints! Top of Form 1. Remember to drive safely. Part of speech: 2. Don't talk like that. Part of speech: 3. Sally and Tom are coming back soon. Part of speech: 4. This is a pretty vase. Part of speech: 5. Let's do it. Part of speech: 6. The cat is on the table. Part of speech: 7. Oh, I didn't know that. Part of speech: 8. Do you want to go out or stay home? Part of speech: 9. New York is a big city. Part of speech: 10. I want the blue ball. Part of speech: 11. We finished it yesterday. Part of speech: 12. What am I going to do without you? Part of speech: 13. He will come. Part of speech: 14. Wow, those are great news! Part of speech: 15. We have pens, pencil, notebooks and markers. Part of speech: 16. They went into the hall. Part of speech: Bottom of Form

By: Ghulam Muhammad Abbasi (microminded@gmail.com)