PROJECT WORK FOR ADDITIONAL MATHEMATHICS 2011

How To Bake Cake

AhliKumpulan :

1. Muhammad Munir Bin Mustafa 2. Mohamad Ashraf Bin Hilmi

Guru Pembimbing : Pn. KasmawatiBintiChe Osman

SekolahMenengahKebangsaanDatuk Haji Ahmad Said

Question Part I Cakes come in a variety of forms and flavours and are amongfavourite desserts servedduring special occasions such as birthday parties, Hari Raya, weddings and etc. Cakesaretreasured not only because of their wonderful taste but also inthe art of cake baking andcake decorating. Find out howmathematics is used in cake baking and cake decoratingandwrite about your findings . Answer :Geometry To determine suitable dimensions for the cake, to assist in designing anddecorating cakes that comes in many attractive shapes and designs, to estimate volume of cake to be produced Calculus (differentiation) To determine minimum or maximum amount of ingredients for cake-baking, to estimate min. or max.amount of cream needed for decorating, to estimate in. or max. size of cake produced. Progressions To determine total weight/volume of multi-storey cakes with proportionaldimensions, to estimate total ingredients needed for cake-baking, to estimate total amountof cream for decoration.

Part II

Best Bakery shop received an order from your school to bake a 5 kg of round cake asshown in Diagram 1 for the Teachers Daycelebration. (Diagram 11)

1)If a kilogram of cake has a volume of 3800, and the height of the cake is to be7.0cm, calculate the diameter of the baking tray to be used to fit the 5 kg cakeordered by your school. [Use = 3.142] Answer: Volume of 5kg cake = Base area of cake x Height of cake 3800 x 5 = (3.142)(d2) x 7
190007 (3.142) = (d2)

863.872 =)(d2)
d2 = 29.392

d = 58.784 cm 2)The cake will be baked in an oven with inner dimensions of 80.0 cm in length, 60.0 cminwidth and 45.0 cm in height. .a)If the volume of cake remains the same, explore by using different values of heights, h cm, and the corresponding values of diameters of the baking tray to be used,d cm. Tabulateyour answers Answer: First, form the formula for din terms of h by using the above formula for volume of cake, V= 19000, that is: 19000 = (3.142)(d2)h
190003.142h=d4 24188.415h =d

d=

Height, (cm) 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

Diameter, d (cm) 155.526 109.973 89.793 77.763

5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0

68.553 63.493 58.783 54.987 51.842 49.182

(b)Based on the values in your table, (i)state the range of heights that isNOTsuitable for the cakes andexplain your answers. Answer: h< 7cm isNOTsuitable, because the resulting diameter produced is too large to fitinto the oven. Furthermore, the cake would be too short and too wide, making it lessattractive and weird. The cake must be in contact for both height and diameter. (ii) suggest the dimensions that you think most suitable for the cake. Give reasons for your answer. Answer: h = 8cm, d = 54.987cm, because it can fit into the oven, and the size is suitable for easy handling. (c)(i) Form an equation to represent the linear relation between hand d. Hence, plot a suitable graph based on the equation that you have formed. [You may draw your graph with the aid of computer software.] Answer: 19000 = (3.142) (d2)h
190003.142h =d4 24188.415h =d

d =155.53h d = 155.53h-12 log d =-12logh+ log155.53

1.0

H 155.526

d 0

Log h 2.192

Log d

2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0

109.973 89.793 77.763 69.553 63.493 58.783 54.987 51.842 49.182

0.301 0.477 0.602 0.699 0.778 0.845 0.903 0.954 1.000

2.041 1.953 1.891 1.842 1.803 1.769 1.740 1.715 1.692

ii)(a) If Best Bakery received an order to bake a cake where the height of the cake is 10.5cm, use your graph to determine the diameter of the round cake pan required. Answer: h = 10.5cm, log h = 1.021, log d = 1.680,d = 47.86cm (b) If Best Bakery used a 42 cm diameter round cake tray, use yourgraph to estimate theheight of the cake obtained. Answer: d = 42cm, log d = 1.623, log h = 1.140,h = 13.80cm 3)Best Bakery has been requested to decorate the cake with fresh cream. The thicknessof the cream is normally set to a uniform layer of about1cm.

(a)Estimate the amount of fresh cream required to decorate the cake using the dimensions that you have suggested in 2(b)(ii). Answer: h = 8cm, d = 54.99cm Amount of fresh cream = VOLUME of fresh cream needed (area x height) Amount of fresh cream = Vol. of cream at the top surface + Vol. of cream at the sidesurface Vol. of cream at the top surface = Area of top surface x Height of cream= (3.142)(54.992) x 1 =2375 cm Vol. of cream at the side surface = Area of side surface x Height of cream = (Circumference of cake x Height of cake) x Height of cream = 2(3.142)(54.99/2)(8) x 1 =1382.23 cm Therefore, amount of fresh cream = 2375 + 1382.23 =3757.23cm

(b)Suggestthreeother shapes for cake, that will have the same height andvolume as thosesuggested in 2(b) (ii). Estimate the amount of fresh cream tobe used on each of the cakes Answer: 1 - Rectangle-shaped base (cuboid) 19000 = base area x height base area =19000/2 length x width = 2375 By trial and improvement, 2375 = 50 x 47.5 (length = 50, width = 47.5, height = 8) Therefore, volume of cream = 2(Area of left/right side surface)(Height of cream) + 2(Area of front/back sidesurface) (Height of cream) + Vol. of top surface = 2(8 x 50)(1) + 2(8 x 47.5)(1) + 2375 =3935 cm

2-Triangle-shaped base 19000 = base area x heightbase area = 2375

12x length x width = 2375

length x width = 4750 By trial and improvement, 4750 = 95 x 50 (length = 95, width = 50) Slant length of triangle = (95 + 25)= 98.23 Therefore, amount of cream = Area of rectangular frontside surface(Height of cream) + 2(Area of slant rectangular left/right side surface)(Height of cream) + Vol. of top surface = (50 x 8)(1) + 2(98.23 x 8)(1) + 2375 =4346.68 cm 3 - Pentagon-shaped base

19000 = base area x height base area = 2375 = area of 5 similar isosceles triangles in a pentagon therefore: 2375 = 5(length x width) 475 = length x width By trial and improvement, 475 = 25 x 19 (length = 25, width = 19) Therefore, amount of cream = 5(area of one rectangular side surface)(height of cream) + vol. of top surface = 5(8 x 19) + 2375 =3135 cm

(c)Based on the values that you have found which shape requires the leastamount of freshcream to be used? Answer: Pentagon-shaped cake, since it requires only 3135 cm of cream to be used.

Part III Find the dimension of a 5 kg round cake that requires the minimum amount of fresh creamtodecorate. Use at least two different methods including Calculus.State whether you wouldchoose to bake a cake of such dimensions. Give reasons for youranswers. Answer: Method 1: Differentiation

Use two equations for this method: the formula for volume of cake (as in Q2/a), and theformula for amount (volume) of cream to be used for the round cake (as in Q3/a). 19000 = (3.142)rh(1) V = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)rh(2) From (1): h = 19000 / (3.142)r (3) Sub. (3) into (2): V = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)r( 19000 / (3.142)r) V = (3.142)r + ( 38000 / r ) V = (3.142)r + 38000r -1 (dV / dR) = 2(3.142)r ( 38000 / r ) 0 = 2(3.142)r - ( 38000 / r ) >> minimum value, therefore (dV / dR) = 0 ( 38000 / r )= 2(3.142)r (3800 / 2(3.142))= r 6047.104 = r r = 18.22 Sub. r = 18.22 into (3): h = 19000 / (3.142)(18.22) h = 18.22 therefore,h = 18.22cm, d =2r =2(18.22) = 36.44cm

Method2: Quadratic Functions Use the two same equations as in Method 1, but only the formula for amount of cream is the main equation used as the quadratic function. Let f(r) = volume of cream, r = radius of round cake: 19000 = (3.142)rh(1) f(r) = (3.142)r + 2(3.142)hr(2) From (2): f(r) = (3.142)(r + 2hr) -->> factorize (3.142) = (3.142)[ (r + 2h / 2) - ( 2h / 2) ] -->> completing square, with a = (3.142), b = 2h and c = 0 = (3.142)[ (r + h) h ]= (3.142)(r + h) (3.142)h (a = (3.142) (positive indicates min. value), min. value = f(r) = (3.142)h, corresponding value of x = r = --h) Sub. r = --h into (1): 19000 = (3.142)(--h)hh = 6047.104 h = 18. 22 Sub. h = 18.22 into (1): 19000 = (3.142)r(18.22)r = 331.894 r = 18.22 therefore,h = 18.22cm, d =2r =2(18.22) = 36.44 cm

I would choose not to bake a cake with such dimensions because its dimensions arenot suitable (the height is too high) and therefore less attractive. Furthermore, suchcakes are difficult to handle easily

FURTHEREXPLORATION Best Bakery received an order to bake a multi-storey cake for Merdeka Day celebration, as shown in Diagram 2. The height of each cake is 6.0 cm and the radius of the largest cake is 31.0 cm. The radiusof the second cake is 10% less than the radius of the first cake, the radius of the third cakeis10% less than the radius of the second cake and so on.(a) Find the volume of the first, the second, the third and the fourth cakes. By comparingallthese values, determine whether the volumes of the cakes form a number pattern?Explainand elaborate on the number patterns. Answer Height h of each cake = 6cm radius of largest cake = 31cm radius of 2ndcake = 10% smaller than 1stcake radius of 3rdcake = 10% smaller than 2ndcake 31, 27.9, 25.11, 22.599 a = 31, r = 9 / 10 V = (3.142)rh

Radius of 1stcake = 31, volume of 1stcake = (3.142)(31)(6)=18116.772 Radius of 2ndcake = 27.9, vol. of 2ndcake =14674.585 Radius of 3rdcake = 25.11, vol. of 3rdcake =11886.414 Radius of 4thcake = 22.599, vol. of 4thcake =9627.995 18116.772, 14674.585, 11886.414, 9627.995, ... a = 18116.772, ratio, r =T2/T1=T3/T2=...... = 0.81 (b) If the total mass of all the cakes should not exceed 15 kg, calculatethe maximumnumber of cakes that the bakery needs to bake. Verify your answer usingothermethods. Answer: Sn=( a(1 rn)) / ( 1 r ) Sn= 57000, a = 18116.772 and r = 0.81 57000 =( 18116.772 ( 1 0.81))n / ( 1 0.81 ) 1 - 0.81n= 0.597790.40221 = 0.81n Og0.810.40221 = n n = log 0.40221/ log 0.81 n = 4.322 therefore, n=4
REFLECTION I have done many researches throughout the internet and discussing with friend who have helped me a lot in completing the project. Through completion of this project. I have learned many skill and techniques. This project really help me to understand more about the uses of progressions in our daily life. This project also helped exposed the technique of application of additional mathematics in real life situation. While conducting this project a lot of information I have found. I have learnt how to bake a wedding tiered cake stand with good quality and proper height. Apart from that, this project encourages the student to work together and share their knowledge. It is also encourage student to gather information from the internet, improve thinking skills and promote effective mathematical communication. Last but not least, I proposed this project should be continue because it bring a lot of moral value to the student and also test the student understanding in Additional Mathematics.