INTRODUCTION OF MONITOR

A computer monitor is an essential part of the machine. A computer monitor displays the output from the hard drive,video card and CDROM. Without a monitor,a computer is not operational. There are several types of monitors similar to a regular television. Flat-screen monitors with enhanced technology make it easier for users to install the device onto their computer. These monitors have replaced old tube screens that take up more space and are harder to install. SIZE Sizes vary among monitor types. Smaller monitors like 19-inch displays are used by people who only need a simple view of spreadsheets and documents. Wide-screen 22-inch displays are the most beneficial for gamers. Even larger monitors are available for people who like a flashy display with a high-powered machine. RESOLUTION Resolution adds to the crisp,detailed display of images through monitors. Resolution is measured in pixels. Pixels are the tiny dots that display the image to the viewer. The more pixels,the higher the resolution and the better the detail of the graphics. High-resolution monitors are dependent on video cards for the best detailed images. CONTRAST AND BRIGHTNESS Contrast and brightness defines the light and dark settings of the monitors. Again,this is important for gamers who need more defined images. People who only use a computer for desktop applications dont need to spend more money on contrast and brightness. CABLES AND CONNECTIONS The connection from the monitor to the computer uses a specific cable. The cable comes with the monitor. The other side of the connector cable is usually color-coded on the computer so that users know where to attach the cable to the motherboard. Additionally,a monitor comes with a power cable. These two cables are the only wires needed when installing a new monitor on a computer.

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HISTORY OF MONITOR
Until the early 1980's most monitors were terminals. They were boxy video display terminals (VDT's) combined with an attached keyboard. A terminal could be configured to work with just about any computer on the market. (Not that there was a wide selection of personal computers for you to choose from.) Terminals were attached to computers by a serial interface. In those days, the VDT was commonly referred to as a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube). Before DOS, the dominant operating system (OS) for 8 bit computers was CP/M (Control Program for Microprocessors). Early CP/M machines were originally designed to use separate memory-mapped video display devices and discrete keyboards that plugged into the machines not unlike video display cards used later. The most well known was the VDM-1. Terminal manufacturers recognized this "lost market "and began to market mainframe and mini-style terminals to the CP/M community. The sales pitch of "just like a real (mainframe at the time) computer" paid off. CP/M computers soon used terminals almost exclusively. Apple II computers and the early game machines (such as those made by Atari, Coleco or Nintendo) hooked to a monitor not a terminal. (The Apple II was built with a keyboard as part of the system. All that was missing was a monitor once the Apple II was plugged in). These monitors - unlike terminals - looked like television sets without the tuner. In some cases they actually were television sets. (Many early computers - such as the Commodores Vic 20, 64 and 128, could be used with any television set with a special RF adapter that hooked to the antenna of the TV). Then IBM came out with PC-DOS computers, which were dubbed "three-piece computers.' One explanation according to a prominent used car dealer Moonie Bronstein was that many of the early marketers advising the techies of the early computer era ,had their start in the competitive world of auto sales where such terms as " 3 piecers " and " 4 piecers" were popular marketing and sales terms. Other explanations for this marketing term was because the computers included three main components i.e. - the monitor, the keyboard and the CPU "box".

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Ironically, when the IBM PC-DOS computers arrived on the scene with separate monitor and keyboard the monitor connected directly to the computer. Just like the earliest personal computers) through a display device connection. These new monitors used video cards that were either IBM monochrome (MDA), IBM color graphics cards9 CGA), or Hercules (the first third party ad on cards).

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The Evolution of Patient Monitor Technology

Patient monitor technologies have evolved greatly over the last few decades. Theyve gone from offering only single parameter monitoring capabilities, to now offering multi-parameter measurements. In the past, different patient monitors were needed to measure every individual vital sign. The ECG was carried out by one patient monitor, while blood pressure was done by a separate monitor. Todays technologies have evolved to offer not only multi-parameter measurement capabilities, but also networkable monitors, handheld monitors, portable monitor and more. Physicians everywhere depend highly on the integrity and consistency of their medical equipment. A patient monitor is a physicians direct link to the welfare of their patients, and having dependable, unfailing equipment at all times is vital. As the technologies continue to evolve, it is likely that there will be even more to look forward to in not only patient monitoring but in all facets of medical equipment technologies.

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FEATURES OF MONITOR SCREEN.

A monitor is a display device,is an electrical equipment which displays images generated and is packaged as a separate peripheral.There are several types of monitor such as LCD monitors,plasma monitors, and CRT monitors.They may have same features such as have a tilt-and-swivel base,have integrated speakers and build-in web cam.However,as they are different types of monitor,so they have different characterictics.The following describe about each of these monitors.

1. LCD Monitors
A liquid crystal display(LCD) is a desktop monitor that uses a liquid crystal to display images.LCD monitors is a thin,flat electronic visual display and produce sharp and flicker free images.LCD monitors are widely used in instrument panels such as aircraft cockpit displays,video players,clocks and calculator.They usually have a small footprint,do not use much desk space,lightweight,portable,less expensive and more reliable.They are available in a variety of sizes,but commonly wider screen size than CRT and plasma monitor.

2. Plasma monitor
A plasma monitor is a display device that uses gas plasma technology which sandwiches a layer of gas between two panel of glass plates.Compared to LCD monitors,plasma monitor offer more wider screen up to 150 inches and richer colours.However,this monitor usually more expensive than the other.As plasma monitor is lightweight and wider screen,they can hang directly to the wall.

3. CRT monitor
A cathode ray tube monitor is a display device that contain a cathode ray tube and a fluorescent screen.A CRT monitor is large,deep,heavy and sealed glass tube.They may have a viewable size of 20 inches and produce a small amount of electromagnetic radiation.
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TECHNOLOGY USED IN MONITORS.

Resolution
Resolution is term of horizontal and vertical pixels in a display devices.Each pixel of LCD monitor display has a layer of liquid-crystal cells which are transparent and two polarizing filters.Each pixels is divided into three cells that are coloured red,green and blue.A higher resolution uses a greater number of pixels and provides a sharper,smoother and mare clearer images.The resolution increases for larger monitors and screens.For example, a wide screen 19inch LCD monitor typically has a resolution of 1440900,whereas a 22 inch LCD monitor has a resolution of 16801050.

Response time
Response time of LCD monitor is indication of time in milliseconds,for the pixels to turn on or off.LCD monitor response time range from 3 to 16 miliseconds.The lower the number,the faster the response time.

Dot pitch
The dot pitch,sometimes called pixel pitch,measured in millimetres,between pixels on a display device.The lower the number,the sharper the image.

Brightness
Brightness of an LCD monitor is measured in nits.A nit is a unit of visible light intensity.The higher the nits,the brighter the images.

Contrast ratio
The contrast ratio is the relationship in light intensity of the brightest white and the darkest black that can be display on monitor.Contrast ratios today range from 500:1 to 2000:1.Higher contrast represent colors better.

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FUNCTIONS OF MONITOR
A computer monitor is a display adapter that displays information processed by the computer's video card. When a video card or graphics card converts binary information from 1s and 0s into images, these images are displayed onto the directly connected monitor. There are different types of monitors, including cathode ray tube (CRT) and liquid crystal displays (LCD). Monitors have display functions that include powering it on and off, controlling brightness, contrast and position, among others.

*CRT Monitors
CRT monitors are cathode ray tube, similar to CRT televisions. These televisions use red, green and blue electrons flowing from left to right, filling each line on the display. When these electrons hit the phosphor on the CRT, they glow for a short time. They need to be refreshed; video cards with too low a refresh rate will cause flickering of the screen. CRTs are prone to other types of problems such as images being burnt onto the screen, which is named "screensaver" prevents. *LCD

monitors

A liquid crystal displays or LCD is a type of flat panel monitor, meaning it's designed to be thin. This feature should not be confused with flat screen, meaning the computer monitor's screen is flat instead of curved. LCDs refresh their screen differently than CRT monitors. An LCD screen is created by electric voltages hitting liquid crystal cells, allowing 64 different shades per cell. LCDs have one resolution size, and, if a smaller resolution is adopted, a black border will appear around the re-sized resolution.

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*Dual Monitors

Besides buying a larger monitor, it is possible for some computers to display information on two separate monitors. This is a feature of the video card (better video cards add more features). Dual monitors work as the name implies; one monitor is set up next to another, usually side by side. In "clone" mode, the same image is displayed on both monitors. In "dualview" mode, the screens act as extensions of one another, allowing you to move the mouse cursor and windows from monitor to monitor.

Use of Dual Monitors

The clone function is good for large projections, where the user can play movies or videos on his monitor, and a copy is displayed on a larger projection for a room full of people. The dualview function is better suited for multiple tasks at once, such as viewing multiple windows, files and spreadsheets.

Displays
All monitors have a resolution type that it uses to display images. The inch sizes of LCDs tell what their resolution type is. A 17-inch display can have a resolution of 1024x768, while a 20inch display will have 1600x1200. The number in inches is the monitor's screen size diagonally, while the resolution is the pixel width by pixel height. Although laptops have built-in monitors, some laptops come with an S-Video port, which allows an S-Video cable to plug into certain televisions. When the television is changed to the appropriate input, it will act as a clone.

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MANUFACTURER OF MONITOR

1. MODEL: 7 INCH TFT VGA CAR MONITOR 2011 SPECIFICATION: 7 Inch TFT LCD VGA car touch monitor 2011, LCD monitor sales in East Europe/Southheast Asia etc. SUPPLIER: Shenzhen Feelworld Technology Co. Ltd ORIGIN: China

2. MODEL: LED MONITOR, FASHION DESIGN IN 2011 SPECIFICATION: 24 inch, LED super slim monitor, flat screen monitor,5 ms quick response hot sale in China. SUPPLIER: Diguang Electronics ORIGIN: China

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3. MODEL: 21S SERIES LED MONITOR SPECIFICATION: 18.5 LED monitor sales all over the world SUPPLIER: Shenzhen KTC Technology Co. Ltd. ORIGIN: China

4. MODEL: 3D LCD MONITOR SPECIFICATION: 3D LCD Monitor SUPPLIER: Sichuan Jiuzhou Electric Group Co. Ltd. ORIGIN: China

5. MODEL: 7 INCH LCD MONITOR & LCD DISPLAY TOUCH SCREEN SPECIFICATION: 7 inch LCD Touch Monitor & LCD Display Hot sale in China, aspect ratio 16:9 SUPPLIER: Shenzhen Feelworld Technology Co. Ltd.

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ORIGIN: China

6. MODEL: 21S SERIES LED MONITOR SPECIFICATION: buy high quality 21.5 LED monitor with best price SUPPLIER: Shenzhen KTC Technology Co. Ltd. ORIGIN: China

7. MODEL: LCD TOUCH HDMI MONITOR SPECIFICATION: LCD Touch Screen, 19 TFT LCD VGA Touchscreen Monitor with HDMI,high quality with best price. SUPPLIER: Shenzhen Feelworld Technology Co. Ltd. ORIGIN: China

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8. MODEL: 7 INCH CAR TFT VGA TOUCH MINI LCD MONITOR SPECIFICATION: buy high quality 7 inch Remote controller car TFT LCD VGA Touch Mini LCD Monitor with best price SUPPLIER: Shenzhen Feelworld Technology Co. Ltd. ORIGIN: China

9. MODEL: 23S SERIES LED MONITOR SPECIFICATION: high class 23 inch LED monitor with best price SUPPLIER: Shenzhen KTC Technology Co. Ltd ORIGIN: China

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10. MODEL: LCD TOUCH MONITOR WITH 5 WIRE RESISTIVE SPECIFICATION: OEM available LCD Touch Monitor with 5 Wire Resistive SUPPLIER: Shenzhen Feelworld Technology Co. Ltd. ORIGIN: China

11. MODEL: LCD TOUCH COMPUTER MONITOR SPECIFICATION: LCD Touch computer monitor, best PC monitor to buy, 10.4 inch TFT LCD computer monitor SUPPLIER: Shenzhen feelworld Technology Co. Ltd. ORIGIN: China

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ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF MONITOR

LCD Monitor Advantages

y The biggest advantage to LCD monitors is their size and weight. As was mentioned earlier, the size and weight of an LCD monitor can be upwards of 80% lighter than an equivalent dimension CRT screen. This makes it possible to users to have larger screens for their computers than was possible before. y LCD screens also tend to produce less eye fatigue to the user. The constant light barrage and scan lines of a CRT tube tend to cause strain on heavy computer users
y

The lower intensity of the LCD monitors coupled with their constant screen display of pixels being on or off produces less fatigue for the user.

Disadvantages
 listing the specifications for monitors to help buyers understand and compare monitors. The most notable disadvantage to LCD screens is their fixed or native resolution. An LCD screen can only display the number of pixels in its matrix and no more or less. It can display a lower resolution in one of two ways.  Using only a fraction of the total pixels on the display or through extrapolation. Extrapolation is a method whereby the monitor blends multiple pixels together to simulate a single smaller pixel. This can often lead to a blurry or fuzzy image particularly with text when running the screen below is native resolution.  Video was problematic with early LCD monitors because of lower response times.

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This has been overcome by many improvements, but there are some that still have low response times. Purchasers should be aware of this when purchasing a monitor. However, the improvements are often work arounds that can actually lead to another problem of reduced color clarity. Unfortunately, the industry is very poor about properly

Plasma monitor Advantage

y y y y y

High contrast ratios (10,000:1 or greater,) excellent color, and low black level. Virtually no response time Near zero color, saturation, contrast or brightness distortion. Excellent viewing angle. No geometric distortion. Softer and less blocky-looking picture than LCDs

Disadvantage
y y y y y

Image flicker due to being phosphor-based Heavy weight Glass screen can induce glare and reflections High operating temperature and power consumption Only has one native resolution. Displaying other resolutions requires a video scaler, which degrades image quality at lower resolutions.

Fixed bit depth. Plasma cells can only be on or off, resulting in a more limited color range than LCDs or CRTs.

Can suffer image burn-in. This was a severe problem on early plasma displays, but much less on newer ones

Cannot be used with light guns/pens

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CRT Monitor
`Advantage

y y

The primary advantage that CRT monitors held over LCDs was their color rendering The contrast ratio and depth of colors displayed were much greater with CRT monitors than LCDS

Many graphic designers still use the very expensive large CRT monitors in their work because of the color advantages. Of course, this color ability does degrade over time as the phosphors in the tube break down.

The other advantage that CRT monitors held over LCD screens is the ability to easily scale to various resolutions.

By adjusting the electron beam in the tube, the screen can easily be adjusted downward to lower resolutions while keeping the picture clarity intact

Disadvantages
y While these two items may play an important role for CRT monitors, there are disadvantages as well. The biggest of these are the size and weight of the tubes. An equivalent sized LCD monitor is upwards of 80% smaller in size and weight compared to a CRT tube. The larger the screen, the bigger the size difference. The other major drawback deals with the power consumption. The energy needed for the electron beam means that the monitors consumer and generate a lot more heat than the LCD monitors.

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NEW INNOVATION OF MONITORS IN FUTURE

Alienware OptX W2210

The monitors design keeps the ports from showing,which is nice when youre looking at it,but inconvenient when youre trying to plug things in to it. Four USB 2.0 ports,2 HDMI ports,a DVID port and line-in and line-out audio jacks-all vertically oriented behind the monitor-are difficult to access. On the plus side,the swivel,tilt and height of the display are easy to adjust.

ViewSonic VG2427wm 24-Inch Widescreen LCD Monitor

The VG2427wms 1920-by-1080 pixel native resolution theoretically makes it 1080p-ready,and well-suited for HD content. Unfortunately,the display lacks an HDMI input,offering only DVI and VGA ports. Viewsonic says that it intends the monitor for corporate and office use,but to

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take full advantage of its resolution,an HDMI input would seem to be a necessary feature. The VG2427 does include three USB ports at the near. Four buttons on the bottom of the front bezel control the on-screen display(OSD). HP 2009m LCD Widescreen Monitor

The displays 20-inch-diagonal size enables it to have a 16:9 aspect ratio and a 1600 by 900 native resolution,which makes it appropriate for showing HD content. However,the 2009m does not have an HDMI connection-it offers only VGA and DVI ports. The ports are set in at the back of the display,to plug in cables,its actually easier to lay the display down on its face,which isnt the best thing to do.

Lenovo L215p LCD Widescreen Monitor

The L215p has a full range of multimedia features,including a Webcam at the top of the screen,three USB ports,microphone and headphone jacks,and a built-in speaker bar that runs along the bottom of the display. The speaker produced adequate volume,though movie and gaming enthusiasts would likely want to purchase an external set.
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AOC Aire Black LED-backlit monitors launched

The series comes in three flavours-the 20-inch e2043Fk(1366x768 resolution),22-inch e2243Fwk(1920x1080 resolution) and last but not least the 23-inch e2343Fk(1920x1080 resolution). The monitors themselves look fairly mundare with the usual extensive use of glossy black plastics. They currently stand as the worlds thinnest monitors by our reckoning-at least,until the 7.2 mm E2290V shows its face in the coming months. One redeeming feature is the screen+ firmware which allows the monitor to be split into four separate sections for different tasks.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

BIL 1. 2 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION HISTORY EVOLUTION FEATURE / CHARACTERISTIC FUNCTIONALITY MANUFACTURER ADVANTAGES NEW INNOVATION IN FUTURE REFERENCES

PAGE 1 2-3 4 5-6 7-8 9-13 14-16 17-19 20

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REFERENCES

1.Discovering Computer, Fundamental: input and output,2011 Edition 2.Course Technology 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_monitor
4. http://www.truckstuffusa.com/evolutionprogrammermonitorbyedgeproducts.html 5. http://www.monitorbeacon.net/history.html

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