Birenbaum

6th 6 weeks review

CH 11............................................................................................................................................................................... 2 CH 13 and 14 .................................................................................................................................................................. 5 CH 15 .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6

Birenbaum

Ch7
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Pauli Exclusion principle- 2 cannot have the same spin Hunds rule- violation last three boxes does not have one in all three Elements that readily conduct electricity are elements with low ionization energies Electron affinity measures how easily an atom gains an electron False- The effective nuclear charge acting on an electron is larger than the actual nuclear charge A tin atom has 50 electrons. Electrons in the 5p sub-shell experience the lowest effective nuclear charge The first ionization energies of elements increase as you go from left to right across the period and increases from top to bottom True- Halogens have the most negative electron affinities Sr- reacts with Cl to from SrCl2, more reactive than Magnesium, smaller radius than Barium H2 is always produced when an active metal reacts with water Oxides of the active metals combine with water to form metal hydroxides Oxides of most non-metals combine with base to form water and a salt The reaction of a metal and a nonmetal produces a salt Atomic radius increases as we move down and left The atomic radius of main group of elements increase down a group because the principle quantum number of each valence orbitals increases First ionization of aluminum: Al(g) --> Al+(g)+ eSecond ionization of phosphorous: P+(g)--> P2+(g)+ eChlorine is more apt to exist as an anion than is sodium because chlorine has a greater electron affinity CO2 is the most acidic (out of some) Transition metal within a period differ mainly in the number of d electrons Not true about alkali metals- they all have 2 electrons in their valence shell ns2np5- elements with this electron configuration are expected to form -1 anions, electrons with his electron configuration are nonmetals, elements with this electron configuration from acidic oxides Alkali metals tend to be more reactive than alkaline earth metals because alkali metals have lower ionization energies All of the following are ionic compounds except: SiO2 Hydrogen doesnt belong to any family In nature, the noble gases exists as monoatomic gaseous atoms Cr3+=[Ar]3d3
Br5+=4f145d10

Birenbaum

CH 11
1. Crystalline solids have highly ordered structures 2. In liquids, the attractive intermolecular forces are strong enough to keep molecules relatively close, but not strong enough to keep molecules from moving past one another. 3. As a solid element melts, the atoms become more separated and they have less attraction for one another 4. The strongest interparticle attraction is between solids and the weakest interparticle attraction is between gasses. 5. Which substance has the highest boiling point? C2I6 C2H6 C2F6 C2Br6 C2Cl6 6. What is the strongest intermolecular force in CBr4? London dispersion forces 7. What intermolecular force does hydrogen bonding fall under? Dipole 9. Polarizability is the ease at which the change distribution in a molecule can be distorted by an external electric Field 10. What is the strongest intermolecular force in I2? London dispersion 11. What is the force responsible for ice being less dense than water? Hydrogen bonding 12. What is the intermolecular force between Na+ and H2O? Ion dipole 13. Large molecules, regardless of polarity are polarizable. 14. What is the predominate intermolecular force in (CH3) NH2? Hydrogen bonding 15. What is the predominate intermolecular force in C12H26? London dispersion forces 17. Surface tension is the energy required to expand the surface area of a liquid by a unit amount of area. 18. Which of the following is correct? All of them Viscosity increases with decreasing temperature Viscosity increases with increasing molecular weight Viscosity increases with increasing intermolecular forces 19. The shape of a meniscus is determined by the relative magnitude of cohesive forces in the liquid and adhesive forces between the liquid and the container.

Birenbaum 21. What is the vapor pressure at the normal boiling point? 1atm 22. The property responsible for the beading up of water is surface tension. 23. Large intermolecular forces are manifested by which of the following? All of them High heat of fusion and vaporization Low vapor pressure High boiling point High critical temperature and pressure 30. Molecular solids consist of atoms or molecules held together by intermolecular forces. 33. Covalent networks have a low melting point, softness, low electrical conduction False

Additional questions from the quiz 1. Which substance only has London dispersion forces as its intermolecular force? H2S CH4 CH3OH NH3 HCl 2. Which of the following exhibits dipole- dipole attraction? XEF4 BCl3 AsH3 Co2 Cl2 3. Wihixh of the following substances has the highest boiling point? H2O CH4 NH3 CO2 Kr 4. What types of intermolecular forces exist between HI and H2S? Dispersion forces and dipole-dipole 5. How high a liquid will rise up a narrow tube as a result of capillary action depends on the magnitude of cohesive forces in the liquid and adhesive forces between the liquid and the tube, and gravity 6. Freezing is an exothermic process. 7. A volatile substance is one that readily evaporates. 8. Which should have the highest critical temperature? CBr4 Ch4 CCl4 H2 CF4 9. Vapor pressure increases as molecular weight increases. 10. Some things take longer to cook at high altitudes than low altitudes because water boils at a lower temperature at higher altitudes than at lower altitudes. 11. The critical pressure is the pressure above which a substance is a liquid at all temperatures. 12. The critical temperature is the temperature above which a gas can not be liquefied

Birenbaum

CH 13 and 14
1. in .100 moles of solution which of the following has the lowest vapor pressure? Al (ClO4)3 KCLO4 Ca (ClO4)2 NaCl sucrose

2. As concentration of a solution increases freezing point decreases and vapor pressure decreases 3. A colloid is not a homogeneous mixture 4. A+B yields C+D (fast) B+D yields X (slow) D is the intermediate 5. What is the most soluble in CCl4? C10H22 H2O NH3 CH3CH2OH NaCl

6. Molality varies with temperature. 7. The rate of the reaction depends on the collision frequency, and collision energy, and the collision orientation. 8. A catalyst can increase the rate of the reaction by providing an alternate pathway to lower activation energy. 9. Emulsifying agents are hydrophobic and hydrophilic. 10. Adding a nonvolatile solute to a solution decreases vapor pressure. 11. The distribution of water in octane (C8H18) is prevented by hydrogen bonding 12. The formation of a solution in an endothermic process can be spontaneous by an increase in disorder. 13. The phrases like dissolves in like refers to the fact that polar solvents and dissolve in polar solutes and nonpoar solvents dissolve in nonpolar solutes 14. In a saturated solution, the crystallization rate=the rate of dissolution 15. The unit of molality is moles/ kg 16. Increasing the temperature of a reaction leads to an increase in the reaction because more molecules more frequently and with greater force 17. The activated complex is the species that exists at the maximum point on the curve 18. The addition of a catalyst will lower activation energy.

Birenbaum

CH 15

1. The effect of a catalyst on a chemical reaction is to react with the product, effectively removing it and shifting the equilibrium to the right False 2. In an exothermic equilibrium reaction increasing the reaction temperature favors the formation of reactants True 3. At constant temperature reducing the volume of a gaseous equilibrium mixture causes the reaction to shift in the direction that increases the number of moles in the system False 4. Le Chateliers principle states that if a system at equilibrium is disturbed, the equilibrium will shift to minimize the disturbance. True 5. 2NH3 (g) N2 (g) +3H2 (g) H =+92.4 kJ Le Chatelier s principle predicts that adding N2 (g) to the system at equilibrium will result in a decrease of the concentration of H2 (g) 6. 2CO2 (g) 2CO (g) +O2 (g) H =-514kJ Le Chatelier s principle predicts that adding O2 (g) to the reaction will increase the partial pressure of CO2 (g) at equilibrium 7. 2SO2 (g) +O2 (g) 2SO3 (g) H =-99 kJ Le Chatelier s principle predicts that increasing the temperature will decrease the partial pressure of SO3 (g) ***Most questions are in CH15 quiz*** 1. At equilibrium, the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal 2. Which of the following is correct concerning the Haber process? It is the process used for the synthesis of ammonia 3. What will the change the value of the equilibrium constant? Changing temperature 4. The equilibrium constant expression depends on the stochiometry of the reaction 5. Q is the same as the Keq when Q=Keq 6. The effect of a catalyst is to increase the rate at which equilibrium is achieved without changing the composition of the equilibrium mixture.