Equilibrium of force system

Equilibrium is the term used to designate a condition where the resultant of a force system is zero.The physical meaning of the term is that the body maintains its position of rest or uniform motion unless it is acted upon by some unbalanced resultant force. The resultant of any general force system consists of resultant force (R) and a couple(C). For equilibrium condition, R=0 and C=0; Now R= ,

X is algebraic sum of all the forces acting along X-direction Y is algebraic sum of all the forces acting along Y-direction Also a couple acting at any point is sum of moment of all the forces at that particular point. Hence M=0; Moment of a Force about a point is defined as product of magnitude of the foce and perpendicular distance of its action line from the point. d
d is the perpendicular distance of action line of F from O(moment centre)

Hence equilibrium conditions are X=0; Y=0; and M=0 Non-concurrent force system: Equations are X=0; Y=0; and M=0 Concurrent force system: When action line of all the forces meet at a common point, the force system is called as concurrent force system. Equations are X=0; Y=0; Equilibrium of Concurrent Force System:

(i) Force Triangle: If three forces acting at a point are in equilibrium, then a perfect triangle
can be drawn using those three forces as three sides of the triangle.

F2

F1

F2

W W Applying sine rule,

F1

Lamis Theorem: This states that, if three forces acting at a point are in equilibrium then
the ratio of each force to sine of angle between the other two remains same. i.e.

Prof. A.K.Sharma-17

EX. Determine the forces in Cables AC and BC when they support a load of 1000N as shown in fig. A B Tac 60 30 Tbc

60

30

1000N FBD at C

W=1000N Sol. Using force triangle, Line of action forTbc

30 1000 60

sine rule,
T T

Tac 60 Tbc 30

Tac = 866.02N, Tbc = 500N

Lamis Theorem:

Tac = 866.02N , Tbc = 500N Equilibrium Of Non-Concurrent Force System Ex. A simple beam rests on two supports at A and B . For the loading shown in fig. Compute the reaction at supports. A 0.2m RA 500N 0.3m 300N 0.3m 600N 0.2m RB B

Sol. Taking Ractions as RA and R B at A and B respectively. Y =0 R A 500-300-600+RB =0 RA+ RB = 1400------------(i) MA=0 500X0.2+300X0.5+600X0.8-RBX1.0 = 0 RB = 730 N----------------(ii) RA = 1400-730 RA= 670N

Prof. A.K.Sharma-18

Three-Dimensional Force System

If direction of a force F is defined by coordinates of two points A(x1,y1,z1) and B(x2,y2,z2) located on its action line then force in vector form may be represented in many ways: Y
Fy

AB
B
Fx

x x i F F i

x i y j F j

y z k Fk

y j

z k

AB

F
Fz A

----------(i)

d= O Z From (i) F = F xi yj + zk
F

X So F

Fm is called as force multiplier xF , F yF , F zF

xi

yj

zk

EX. A force P of magnitude 1000N passes from A (3, 1,-6) to B (-2, 4, 1).Find its force multiplier and components of the force. P =1000N B (-2, 4, 1) P =P Now, Pm = A (3, 1,-6)
P

5i

3j

7k

Pm= 109.76 N/m P =109.76 5i 3j 7k

So,

548.8i +329.28j+768.32k ,

Px=-548.8N, Py=329.28N, Pz=768.32N

Equilibrium of 3-D Force system

Equations of equilibrium for 3-Dimensional concurrent force system are: (Resultant of all the forces acting consists of Rx=X, Ry=Y , Rz=Z R R i R j R k R= R R R Z =0 (For Equilibrium)

Gives X = 0 , Y = 0 and Z = 0

Prof. A.K.Sharma-19

Ex.The shear leg derrick shown in fig. supports a vertical load of 3000N applied at A.Point B, C and D are in the same horizontal plane A,O,D are in the x-y plane.Determine the force in each member of the derrick. A(10,15,0)
Y T F P 3000N 15 5 D 20 10 C Z 10 B X A

B(0,0,-5) C(0,0,10) D(-20,0,0)

, =-3000j Resultant Force =0

(10Pm+10Fm-30Tm)i+(15Pm+15Fm-15Tm-3000)j+(5Pm-10Fm)k=0 10Pm+10Fm-30Tm =0-----------(i) 15Pm+15Fm-15Tm-3000=0--------------(ii) 5Pm-10Fm =0--------------(iii) solving (i),(ii) and (iii) Fm =100N/m ,Pm =200N/m Tm =100N/m

So

, ) ,

P= F= , T =100

=3741.65N =2061.55N = 3354.1N