Ronald Wilting - Epcos

Antenna tuners voor mobiele telefoons
Bits&Chips Hardware Conference 2010
EPCOS AG A Group Company of TDK-EPC Corporation SAW TuneIC Nijmegen, the Netherlands June 17, 2010
Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010
History of EPCOS and tuneable systems

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Philips starts RF-MEMS
Demonstration first RF-MEMS devices
Customer engages in evaluation RF-MEMS
NXP starts RFMEMS industrialization Demonstration configurable PA match
Demonstration Adaptive antenna match EPCOS Netherlands B.V. tunable systems
Start configurable FEM system study
Start adaptive antenna match study
Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development ronald.wilting@epcos.com
TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC 2
Benefits of TDK-EPC Antenna Tuner Systems

Operator Reduced drop calls Increase data efficiency High link quality even with body effects High nr users per base station Low OPEX
More Bands to come! LTE incl. MIMO 15 bands and 40 modes!
Small form factor phones Smart mechanics (keyboards etc.) Long standby/talk time High link quality High data-rates Phone users
Reuse of antenna designs Reduced antenna design time High performance in all bands and all user conditions Innovative Industrial Designs Phone Manufacturer
Future requirements: UTRA frequency bands

Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 21 20 19 18 17 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700
FDD TX FDD RX TDD
UTRA band designation
Further possible frequency bands (MHz): 450470 698862 790862 3400-3800 3600-4200 4400-4990
Frequency (MHz)
Future requirements: other
In addition to an increased number of bands, several other important changes are on the horizon: MIMO: a big challenge due to the substantial increase in the number of antennas and the need to maintain good isolation and low correlation (particularly in the low frequency bands) The HSPA Rel. 10: the dual-band dual-carrier feature will require simultaneous transmission and reception in different frequency bands (low-band and high-band at the same time)
Antenna efficiency
Antenna efficiency may have reduced over the last approx. 10-15 years, for the following reasons:
Integration: mobile antennas are now often part of an assembly that includes a camera, speakers, etc. Size and style constraints: antennas have been reduced in size, in particular to allow highly stylised and very thin phone designs Antenna technology: there have been no significant advances (in terms of RF performance) Quad- and penta-band platforms: these have lead to more offground, monopole-like antennas located at the bottom of the phone. These antennas suffer greater losses when held next to the users head. For example, from [1], when held by real users, off-ground antennas are more lossy than on-ground antennas by:
3 - 3.5 dB in the 900 MHz region 8.5 - 9 dB in the 1900 MHz region
off-ground on-ground
PCB
[1] Lindberg, P., Kaikkonen, A., Kochali, B., Body Loss Measurements of Internal Terminal Antennas in Talk Position using Real Human Operator, International Workshop on Antenna Technology (iWAT), 4-6 March 2008, pp. 358 - 361.
Summary
Antenna mismatch due to user interaction is an unsolved problem that must be addressed by adaptive circuitry. Antenna efficiency can be improved, but normally at the expense of bandwidth. The antenna could be tuned/reconfigured in order to recover this bandwidth. More bands are required in the future, increasing the need for tuned/reconfigured solutions Multi-band MIMO will be required. To maintain good isolation and low correlation over a wide frequency range, some additional tuned circuitry may be required.
Passive antennas are at/beyond the limits of their capability.
Antenna Tuners
Key elements of Antenna Tuner Products

Configurable
Actuator Control supply generation
DC DC
Adaptive
Error detector Control algorithm ..
if <criteria> then do <action1> else do <action2> end
RF-MEMS antenna tuner mounted on test PCB
1. RF-MEMS or semiconductor switches

RF-MEMS designed by EPCOS NL
4. Microcontroller
Specified by EPCOS NL
2. Control supply and High Voltage generation

Designed by EPCOS NL
5. Control Algorithm & Software

Developed by EPCOS NL
3. RF Detection
6. Multi Chip Module

Antenna Tuner Projects

single feed
TMN DET HVGEN -
dual feed
TMN
HV-GEN DET ADC Interface uC HV -GEN TMN
ADC uC Interface
Rest of Phone
Block required for closed loop
Block required for closed loop
Open loop: front-end sets frequency band tuner; fixed settings, pre-programmed -> Improved performance for default user case (no hand, no head)
Closed loop: tuner searches most optimal matching situation; dynamic, continuous adaptation -> Greatly improved performance in all user cases
AdAM: Tuner types

VSWR target Low-band matching region
Matching region
Antenna impedance matching trajectories
High-band matching region
VSWR target
1 dimension (1-D)
2 dimensions (1-D)
Single Feed Antenna Tuner: T100

Basic topology:
Short transmission line between antenna and module 1-D Module
-6dB return loss circle Low-band (approx. 900MHz) contour
ESD/compensation inductance
Dual-banding circuit
MEMS capacitor array
ESD inductor and capacitor used to bring the antenna within the required rage of impedances
High-band (approx. 1900MHz) contour
RF
in
na ten An
4.5 mm
4.8
mm
circle are generally improved (reactance cancelled) Impedances outside the -6dB return loss circle are brought within it
Impedances within the -6dB return loss
Latest version, currently in assembly
Interface domains
The T100 adaptive antenna matching module has three interface domains towards the rest of the mobile phone system: RF Supply Control
Figure 2. Application diagram
Module build in
A small module is made and is placed inside a commercial available phone:

JTAG interface
short
feed
Vdd
pre-matching
matching
AdAM 1-D: antenna response

With user proximity Free-space Low-band (approx. 900MHz) contour
Low-band (824-960 MHz) High-band (1710-2170 MHz)
VSWR=3 circle
high-band (approx. 1900MHz) contour

AdAM 1-D: VSWR and S21 after adaptation

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 per freq with AdAM average with AdAM per freq without AdAM average without AdAM
RX VSWR
1.5
2.5
3 3.5 4 TX VSWR
4.5
5.5
0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5 -3 -3.5 -4 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 TX S21 [dB] -0.5 0
4.8 * 4.5 mm Integrated controller
RX S21 [dB]
Phone Load-pull on BandVIII (882MHz)

GTS5600 BandVIII 882MHz RMSPowCur less 0.5dB
1.0j
GTS5600 BandVIII 882MHz with Haldir C2 RMSPowCur

1.0j
0.5j
2.0j
0.5j 22.00
2.0j
19.00 0.2j 15.00 5.0j 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00 0.2j
19.00 16.00 15.00 18.00 17.00 0.2 0.5 22.00 20.00 15.00 1.0 2.0 21.00 5.0
5.0j
0.2
0.5
1.0
2.0 20.00
18.00 5.0
16.00 17.00 -0.2j 14.00 -5.0j
-0.2j 22.00
-5.0j
10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00 18.00 19.00 20.00 21.00 22.00 23.00
-0.5j
-2.0j
-0.5j
-2.0j
-1.0j
-1.0j
Phone loadpull Antenna Phone + T100 loadpull + fixed match removed Due to the antenna tuner the max achievable output power is reached at a larger range of mismatch conditions.
Mismatch conditions might be caused by body-effects (hand-covering the antenna) or Antenna not covering all frequency bands equally optimal
Definitions
In order to quantify performance improvements the following terms are defined:

Average _ RF _ Power _ out Pout , average(mW ) = * 100% average _ DC _ Power _ in Pin, average(mW )
MobilePhoneEfficiency ( ) =
MPE _ improvement =
MPE _ with _ tuner MPE _ without _ tuner MPE _ without _ tuner
Remark: Current consumption is measured during active connection with CMU, however without any other peripheral active. Also LCD is blank during current consumption measurement.
Pout,ant
Definitions contd
Pout,pa
Antenna Eff. S21-1/|S11|2 Pout,tuner
Pout,pa
Pout,tuner Antenna Eff Pout,ant
Without Antenna Tuner: Output power after Duplexer, filter and switches, including estimated loss of fixed matching network! With Antenna Tuner Output power after Antenna tuner Antenna efficiency in dB including fixed matching network. Actual transmitted RF power by the antenna
Pout,ant = Pout,pa Antenna Eff

Overall Conclusions
User Interactions used:

The used user interactions are very mild interactions, real case user interactions cause much greater effect on the antenna. In these cases the improvements caused by the Antenna Tuner are much greater.
The T100 can improve a typical commercial phone very well, in both low and high band, overall Mobile Phone Efficiency increases with on average 50%. A bad designed phone can be improved very well, improvements of MPE of >800% are seen (in low band), while on average the MPE improves with >200%.
Final Conclusion
Antenna tuners can greatly help out to improve MPE, however: The antenna tuner requires series resonant antennas For optimum performance the antenna, antenna tuner and PA should be designed together, optimally matching each impedances.
A very good designed phone can not be improved that much, however with the launch of more frequency spectrum antenna tuners will be required to meet the overall operator demands. Newly launched mini phones are expected to suffer more on user interactions and will have overall a less good antenna. Expectations are that antenna tuners will show significant performance improvements.
www.tdk.co.jp www.epcos.com

Ronald Wilting - Epcos

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Ronald Wilting - Epcos

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Antenna tuners voor mobiele telefoons

Bits&Chips Hardware Conference 2010

Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010

History of EPCOS and tuneable systems

Philips starts RF-MEMS

Demonstration first RF-MEMS devices

Customer engages in evaluation RF-MEMS

NXP starts RFMEMS industrialization Demonstration configurable PA match

Demonstration Adaptive antenna match EPCOS Netherlands B.V. tunable systems

Start configurable FEM system study

Start adaptive antenna match study

Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development ronald.wilting@epcos.com

TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC 2

Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010

Benefits of TDK-EPC Antenna Tuner Systems

Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development ronald.wilting@epcos.com

TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC 3

Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010

Future requirements: UTRA frequency bands

FDD TX FDD RX TDD

UTRA band designation

Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010

Future requirements: other

Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development ronald.wilting@epcos.com

TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC 5

Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010

Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development ronald.wilting@epcos.com

TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC 6

Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010

Passive antennas are at/beyond the limits of their capability.

Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development ronald.wilting@epcos.com

TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC 7

Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010

Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development ronald.wilting@epcos.com

TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC 8

Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010

Key elements of Antenna Tuner Products

RF-MEMS antenna tuner mounted on test PCB

1. RF-MEMS or semiconductor switches

2. Control supply and High Voltage generation

5. Control Algorithm & Software

6. Multi Chip Module

Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development ronald.wilting@epcos.com

TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC 9

Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010

Antenna Tuner Projects

HV-GEN DET ADC Interface uC HV -GEN TMN

Block required for closed loop

Block required for closed loop

Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010

AdAM: Tuner types

Antenna impedance matching trajectories

High-band matching region

Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development ronald.wilting@epcos.com

Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010

Single Feed Antenna Tuner: T100

-6dB return loss circle Low-band (approx. 900MHz) contour

MEMS capacitor array

High-band (approx. 1900MHz) contour

Impedances within the -6dB return loss

Latest version, currently in assembly

Ronald Wilting VP Product Marketing & Business Development ronald.wilting@epcos.com

TDK-EPC Corporation 2010 TuneIC 12

Bits & Chips Hardware Conference June 2010