Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

FÍSICA 3
GERMANO MAIOLI PENELLO
ANDRÉ SARAIVA

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 Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

CAMPOS ELÉTRICOS

FORÇA ENTRE DUAS CARGAS

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 Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

Campos Elétricos
Força entre duas cargas

O que acontecerá com a força deste sistema se removermos a carga teste

q?

Carga teste
 qi 
−F F
b

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 Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

Campos Elétricos
Força entre duas cargas

 
=
F q=
tE 0

a Não há mais força! Não temos carga.

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 Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

Campos Elétricos
Força entre duas cargas

Não há mais força! Não temos carga teste, mas temos o

campo elétrico gerado pelas cargas do corpo a.

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 Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

Campos Elétricos
Força entre duas cargas

Qual a intensidade deste campo elétrico?

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 Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

Campos Elétricos
Força entre duas cargas


 F
E=
qt

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 Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

CAMPOS ELÉTRICOS

CAMPO ELÉTRICO – CARGAS PONTUAIS

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 Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

Campos Elétricos
Campo elétrico – cargas pontuais

Qual o campo elétrico no ponto P gerado pela carga q a ?

rab P
r̂ rˆ = xˆ

qa qb


 qa qb rˆ  qa F
=
Fba ⇒=
E xˆ
4πε 0 rab 4πε 0 rab
2 2

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 Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

Campos Elétricos
Campo elétrico – cargas pontuais

Exemplo Qual o campo elétrico no ponto P gerado pela carga –q a ?

− qa

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 Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

Campos Elétricos
Campo elétrico – cargas pontuais

Exemplo Qual o campo elétrico no ponto P gerado pela carga –q a ?

− qa

P
IMPORTANTE!
Sempre desenhe a direção e o sentido
dos vetores unitários que irá trabalhar!

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 Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

Campos Elétricos
Campo elétrico – cargas pontuais

Exemplo Qual o campo elétrico no ponto P gerado pela carga –q a ?

Calcule a distância r e defina o vetor unitário.

r̂

a =r a 2 + b2
− qa 
r
rˆ =
r̂ r
r

b
P

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 Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

Campos Elétricos
Campo elétrico – cargas pontuais

Exemplo Qual o campo elétrico no ponto P gerado pela carga –q a ?


r
rˆ =
r
a
− qa
r̂
r

b
P

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 Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

Campos Elétricos
Campo elétrico – cargas pontuais

Exemplo Qual o campo elétrico no ponto P gerado pela carga –q a ?


r
rˆ =
r
a
− qa axˆ + (−b) yˆ
rˆ =
r̂ r
r

b
P

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 Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

Campos Elétricos
Campo elétrico – cargas pontuais

Exemplo Qual o campo elétrico no ponto P gerado pela carga –q a ?


r
rˆ =
r
a
− qa axˆ + (−b) yˆ
rˆ =
r̂ r
r
axˆ + (−b) yˆ
rˆ =
b a 2 + b2
P

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 Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

Campos Elétricos
Campo elétrico – cargas pontuais

Exemplo Qual o campo elétrico no ponto P gerado pela carga –q a ?


r
rˆ =
r
a
− qa axˆ + (−b) yˆ
rˆ =
r̂ r
r
axˆ + (−b) yˆ
rˆ =
b a 2 + b2
P

a b
=rˆ xˆ − yˆ
a +b
2 2
a + b2
2

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 Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

Campos Elétricos
Campo elétrico – cargas pontuais

Exemplo Qual o campo elétrico no ponto P gerado pela carga –q a ?

 q
E= rˆ
4πε 0 r 2
 q rˆ
E=
a 4πε 0 (a + b )
2 2

− qa
r̂
r

b
P

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 Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

Campos Elétricos
Campo elétrico – cargas pontuais

Exemplo Qual o campo elétrico no ponto P gerado pela carga –q a ?

  
E=
q  axˆ − byˆ 1 
4πε 0 (a + b )  a 2 + b 2 
2 2

 

a
Note bem que até o momento não
− qa utilizamos o sinal da carga geradora
r̂ do campo. Substituindo q por –q a :
r
 qa (axˆ − byˆ )
b E= −
P 4πε 0 (a 2 + b 2 )3/2

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 Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

Campos Elétricos
Campo elétrico – cargas pontuais

Exemplo Qual o campo elétrico no ponto P gerado pela carga –q a ?

Resultado:

 qa (axˆ − byˆ )
E= −
a 4πε 0 (a 2 + b 2 )3/2
− qa
r̂

E

b
P

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 Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

Campos Elétricos
Campo elétrico – cargas pontuais

Exemplo Qual o campo elétrico no ponto P gerado pela carga –q a ?

Resultado:

 qa (axˆ − byˆ )
E= −
a 4πε 0 (a 2 + b 2 )3/2
− qa
r̂
 Faz sentido?
E

b
P

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 Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

Campos Elétricos
Campo elétrico – cargas pontuais

Exemplo Qual o campo elétrico no ponto P gerado pela carga –q a ?

Resultado:

 qa (axˆ − byˆ )
E= −
a 4πε 0 (a 2 + b 2 )3/2
− qa
r̂
 Faz sentido?
E
− xˆ → ok!
b
P yˆ → ok!

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 Física 3 – Campos Elétricos

Nesta aula, vimos uma introdução ao campo elétrico.

Observamos e determinamos:
• linhas de campo elétrico;
• campo elétrico de cargas pontuais.

Nas próximas aulas, analisaremos alguns exemplos de como

calcular o campo elétrico e, então, apresentaremos o dipolo
elétrico!

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