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MARTHA NUSSBAUM
Uma filosofia comprometida com a cidade
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Fernanda Henriques
MARTHA
NUSSBAUM
Uma filosofia comprometida
com a cidade
D O C U M E N TA
Fernanda Henriques_Martha Nussbaum.qxp:arte 23/03/22 14:46 Page 6
ÍNDICE
Apresentação . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Capítulo 1
Humanidades, democracia, justiça e igualdade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Capítulo 2
Filosofia e Literatura. Explorando o tema no pensamento
de Martha Nussbaum e de Paul Ricoeur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Capítulo 3
Reconhecimento, capacitação e justiça social. Lendo
em conjunto Martha Nussbaum e Paul Ricoeur . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Capítulo 4
A modernidade normativa e universalista do feminismo
de Martha Nussbaum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Índice • 7
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Apresentação
__________
1 Ver anexo, p. 127.
Apresentação • 11
Fernanda Henriques_Martha Nussbaum.qxp:arte 23/03/22 14:46 Page 12
universal rights and values. Above all, she insists that philosophy must be use-
ful — not esoteric.
12 • Fernanda Henriques
Fernanda Henriques_Martha Nussbaum.qxp:arte 23/03/22 14:46 Page 13
__________
2 No fundo, este ponto de vista articula-se com a leitura de Nussbaum de a filosofia ser um guia de
vida. Cfr. Nussbaum, M. (1994). The Therapy of Desire: Theory and Practice in Hellenistic Ethics.
New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Ver a análise feita sobre esta perspetiva de Nussbaum e
a sua comparação com Michel Foucault e Pierre Hadot: Banicki, K. (2016). Argumentos tera-
péuticos, ejercicios espirituales y cuidado de sí: Martha Nussbaum, Pierre Hadot y Michel Fou-
cault sobre la filosofía Antigua. Konvergencias. In: Filosofía y culturas en diálogo, 23: 104-139.
3 Cfr. Colmenarejo, R. (2012). Comentarios bibliográficos. Aportaciones de Martha Nussbaum a las
ideas de justicia, ética y desarrollo humano. Una revisión bibliográfica. In: Pensamiento, 68, n.º
256: 373-376, onde se indica que dos 23 livros publicados por Nussbaum até 2012, 17 têm uma
edição em castelhano.
Apresentação • 13
Fernanda Henriques_Martha Nussbaum.qxp:arte 23/03/22 14:46 Page 14
__________
4 Este texto resulta da fusão de dois textos anteriores: (1) «Martha Nussbaum e a importância da
literatura no pensamento ético». Texto a ser inserido no livro de homenagem à Professora María
Teresa Lopex de la Vieja, da Universidade de Salamanca [no prelo]; (2) «A relação entre filosofia e
literatura. Dois exemplos na filosofia do século XX». In: Natário, Maria Celeste e Epifânio, Renato
(org.) (2011). Entre Filosofia e Literatura. Zéfiro Editora: 11-24.
5 Recupera um texto já publicado: Bernhard Sylla, Irene Borges-Duarte (org.) (2017). Intencio-
nalidade e Cuidado. Herança e Repercussão da Fenomenologia. Atas do V Congresso Luso-Brasileiro
de Fenomenologia III Jornadas Ibéricas de Fenomenologia. Edição do Centro de Estudos Huma-
nísticos da Universidade do Minho, Edições Húmus: 207-220.
14 • Fernanda Henriques
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capítulo 1
Por isso, quando digo que sou italiana porque escrevo em italiano
quero dizer que o sou plenamente e ao mesmo tempo que é só nes-
ses termos que estou disposta a atribuir-me uma nacionalidade.
Os outros termos não me agradam ou assustam-me, sobretudo
quando se tornam nacionalismo, chauvinismo, imperialismo […].
De acordo com o que ficou dito acima, o presente texto procurará ana-
lisar o conjunto das propostas educativas de Nussbaum, articulando-as com
a globalidade do seu pensamento, estando organizado em três partes:
Definindo a problemática
20 • Fernanda Henriques
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22 • Fernanda Henriques
Fernanda Henriques_Martha Nussbaum.qxp:arte 23/03/22 14:47 Page 129
MARTHA C. NUSSBAUM
Ernst Freund Distinguished Service Professor of Law and Ethics Department
of Philosophy and Law School The University of Chicago
publicações em livro
Aristotle’s De Motu Animalium, Princeton University Press, 1978 (paper edition 1985).
The Fragility of Goodness: Luck and Ethics in Greek Tragedy and Philosophy, Cambridge Univer-
sity Press, 1986. Translated into Spanish and Italian; German in progress. Updated Edi-
tion with new Introduction, 2001. Czech translation as Krehkost Dobra (Prague:
Oikoumene, 2003). Dutch translation as De Breekbaarheid van het Goeden (Amsterdam:
Ambo/Anthos, dated 2006, released spring 2007). Chinese translation spring 2008 (Yilin
Press). Portuguese translation spring 2009 (Sao Paolo: Livraria Martins Fontes Editora
Ltda.). Serbian translation 2009. French translation 2016. Chinese translation 2018.
Love’s Knowledge: Essays on Philosophy and Literature, Oxford University Press, N.Y. and Claren-
don Press, England, 1990 (paper edition 1992). Spanish translation as El conocimiento del
amor (Madrid: A. Machado, 2006). German edition forthcoming; abridged edition in
Swedish, forthcoming in Dutch. Introductory section, “Form and Content, Philosophy
and Literature,” reprinted in Carolyn Korsmeyer, ed., Aesthetics: The Big Questions (Ox-
ford: Basil Blackwell, 1998) 201-7. A smaller portion of this section as “The ‘Ancient
Quarrel’”, in Ethics, Literature, Theory: An Introductory Reader, ed. Stephen K. George
(Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005), 139-51. French translation, Paris: Cerf, 2010.
Greek translation (Athens: Pataki, 2015).
The Therapy of Desire: Theory and Practice in Hellenistic Ethics, Princeton University Press,
1994 (paper edition 1996). Updated Edition, Italian translation (Milan: Vita e Pen-
siero), 1998; Spanish translation (Barcelona/Buenos Aires/México: Paidos), 2003. Chap-
ter 13 reprinted as “The Therapy of Desire in Hellenistic Ethics”, in Antike Philosophie
Verstehen – Understanding Ancient Philosophy, ed. Marcel van Ackeren and Jörn Müller
(Darmstadt: WBG, 2006), 218-42. Chinese translation, Peking University Press, 2018.
Greek translation 2015. Croatian translation, publisher Mizantrop, 2019. Updated edi-
tion (with new Introduction), 2009.
Poetic Justice: The Literary Imagination and Public Life (The Alexander Rosenthal Lectures,
1991), Beacon Press, 1995 (paper edition 1997). Italian translation published as Il Gius-
tizio del Poeta, Feltrinelli, 1996. Spanish translation as Justicia Poética, Andrés Bello,
Anexo • 129
Fernanda Henriques_Martha Nussbaum.qxp:arte 23/03/22 14:47 Page 130
1997. Hebrew translation, published by Haifa University Press, 2003. Chinese transla-
tion, Peking University Press, 2011. Chapter 3 published as “Rational Emotions” in Paul
J. Heald, ed., Literature and Legal Problem Solving (Durham: Carolina Academic Press,
1998), 99-124. Chinese translation, published by Peking University Press, 2010. Chap-
ter 3 translated into Portuguese in Direito e Literatura, ed. A.K. Trinidade, R.M. Gubert,
and A.C. Neto (Porto Alegre: Nuria Fabris, 2010), 345-78.
For Love of Country: A Debate on Patriotism and Cosmopolitanism (lead essay mine, with res-
ponses), Beacon Press, 1996. Italian translation, Feltrinelli, 1997. Updated Edition,
2002. Greek translation 2004.
Cultivating Humanity: A Classical Defense of Reform in Liberal Education, Harvard University
Press, 1997. Extract published in The Norton Reader: An Anthology of Non-Fiction Prose,
shorter tenth edition (New York: W.W. Norton, 2000), 633-47, and in Tenth edition pp.
1119-31. Italian translation published as Coltivare L’Umanità (Rome: Carocci, 1999). Spa-
nish translation as El cultivo de la humanidad (Barcelona: Paidos, 2005). Chapter 8 pub-
lished in Portuguese as “Sócrates na universidade religiosa”, in Entre a Dúvida e o Dogma,
ed. Debora Dinia, Samantha Buglione, and Roger Raupp Rios (Brasilia: LetrasLivres,
2006), 9-20. Polish translation as W trosce o czlowieczenstwo (Wroclaw: Dolnoslaska Szkola
Kyzsza, 2008). Chinese translation, Chengchi University Press, 2009. A different Chinese
translation, Shanghai Joint Publishing, 2013. Korean translation 2018. A chapter pub-
lished as “Citizens of the World,” in The Idea of the University, ed. Ronald Barnett and
Michael A. Peters. V. 2 (New York: Peter Lang, 2018), 393-411.
Sex and Social Justice, Oxford University Press, 1999. Winner, book award of the North Amer-
ican Society for Social Philosophy, 2000. Greek translation published by Scripta, Athens,
2005. Extract in The Human Rights Reader, ed. Micheline Ishay (New York: Taylor and
Francis, 2007), 422-30.
Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach, Cambridge University Press,
N.Y., 2000. Indian edition published 2000 by Women Unlimited, New Delhi, India.
Italian translation, Il Mulino, 2001, under title Diventare persone: Donne e universalità
dei diritti. Also translated into Japanese and Spanish. French translation, Edition des
Femmes, 2008. Turkish translation in progress.
Upheavals of Thought: The Intelligence of Emotions, The Gifford Lectures for 1993, Cambridge
University Press, 2001. Italian translation as L’intelligenze delle emozioni (Bologna: Il Mulino,
2004). Dutch translation as Oplevingen van het Denken (Amsterdam: Ambo, 2004).
Hiding From Humanity: Disgust, Shame, and the Law, Princeton: Princeton University Press,
2004. Italian translation as Nascondere l’umanità: Il dusgusto, la vergogna, la legge (Rome:
Carocci, 2005). Japanese translation 2011. Korean translation 2015.
130 • Anexo
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Frontiers of Justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership, Cambridge, MA: Harvard Uni-
versity Press, 2006. Spanish translation as Las fronteras de la justicia (Barcelona: Paidos,
2006). Dutch translaton as Grensgebieden van het Rccht (Amsterdam: Ambo, 2006).
Indian edition, Oxford University Press, Delhi, spring 2007. Italian edition (with new
Preface) as Le nuove frontiere della giustizia (Bologna: Il Mulino, 2007). German transla-
tion, Suhrkamp, 2010. Japanese translation, Hosei Press, 2012. Portuguese translation
(Sao Paulo, Martins Fontes, 2013). Chinese translation, China Renmin University Press,
2016. Winner, Elaine and David Spitz Prize for best book in liberal/democratic theory,
American Political Science Association, 2008.
The Clash Within: Democracy, Religious Violence, and India’s Future, Cambridge, MA: Harvard Uni-
versity Press, 2007. Italian translation, Il Mulino, 2009. Spanish translation, Paidos, 2013.
Liberty of Conscience: In Defense of America’s Tradition of Religious Equality, New York: Basic
Books, 2008. Spanish translation, Paidos, 2009. Japanese translation, Keio University
Press, 2012. Italian translation, Anicia (Rome), 2018.
The Ethics and Politics of Compassion and Capabilities (with Joseph Chan, Joe Lau, and Ci
Jiwei), The Hochelaga Lectures 2005, Faculty of Law, The University of Hong Kong
(Hong Kong: Faculty of Law, 2007).
From Disgust to Humanity: Sexual Orientation and Constitutional Law, New York: Oxford
University Press, 2010. Italian translation as Disgustò e umanità: l’orientimento sessuale di
fronte alla legge (Milan: Il Saggiatore, 2011). Korean edition, Puriwaipari Publishing
Company, 2016, with a new preface by me.
Not For Profit: Why Democracy Needs the Humanities, Princeton: Princeton University Press,
2010. Spanish translation, Arcadia, 2011. Italian translation, Il Mulino, 2011. Dutch
translation, Ambo Anthos, 2011. French translation, Flammarion, 2011. Finnish transla-
tion 2012 (Gaudeamus). German translation 2012 (Tibia). Chinese translation 2012.
Korean translation 2011 (Tungree Press, actually released in 2013), with new Preface by
me. Sinhalese translation 2013. Greek translation 2013. Croatian translation, Zagreb,
2012 (released 2013). Japanese translation, Tokyo, Iwanami Shoten Publishers, 2013.
Russian translation, Moscow, 2014. Vietnamese translation 2015. Portuguese translation,
Brazil, 2015. Polish translation 2016, Bibioteka Kultury Liberealnej, Warsaw. Paper edition
with new Afterword, 2012. New edition, with new Preface by the author (pp. xiii-xxiv),
published 2016. Hebrew translation 2017. Arabic translation 2017. Czech translation
2017. Portuguese translation 2019. Translations into Catalan, Serbian, in progress.
Seneca, Anger, Mercy, Revenge. Translated by Robert A. Kaster and Martha C. Nussbaum (with
notes and an interpretive essay). In: The Complete Works of Lucius Annaeus Seneca, edited
by Elizabeth Asmis, Shadi Bartsch, and Martha C. Nussbaum. Chicago: The University
of Chicago Press, 2010.
Anexo • 131
Fernanda Henriques_Martha Nussbaum.qxp:arte 23/03/22 14:47 Page 132
Creating Capabilities: The Human Development Approach, Harvard University Press, 2011.
Spanish translation, Paidos, 2012. Italian translation, Il Mulino, 2012. Dutch transla-
tion, AmboAnthos, 2012. French translation, Nouveaux Horizons, 2012. German
translation, Herder Verlag, 2015. Swedish translation, Karneval Förlag, 2013. Turkish
translation 2018. Chinese translation, China Renmin University Press, 2016 (actually
issued in 2019).
Philosophical Interventions: Book Reviews 1986-2011, Oxford University Press, 2012. Indian
Edition 2014.
The New Religious Intolerance: Overcoming the Politics of Fear in an Anxious Age, Harvard Uni-
versity Press, 2012. Dutch and Italian translations 2013. French translation, Climats,
2013. German translation 2014 (WBG). Audiobook edition under contract to Audible.
Polish translation, Fundacja Kultura Liberalna, 2018.
Political Emotions: Why Love Matters for Justice, Harvard University Press, 2013. Spanish, Ital-
ian, and Dutch translations 2014. German, Korean, Chinese editions in progress. Paper
edition 2015.
Anger and Forgiveness (The John Locke Lectures in Philosophy, Oxford University), Oxford
University Press, New York, 2016. Dutch translation, AmboAnthos, 2016. German
translation 2017 (WBG). Spanish translation, FCE Mexico, 2018. Italian translation
2017. Chinese translation, Taiwan, 2018. Korean translation 2018.
Aging Thoughtfully (with Saul Levmore), Oxford University Press, New York, already proof-
read, scheduled for September 2017. Translations into Italian, Korean, German, and
Spanish contracted. Spanish translation published by Paidos, May 2018. German trans-
lation 2018 (WBG). Korean translation 2018. Italian translation, Il Mulino, 2019.
The Monarchy of Fear: A Philosopher Looks at Our Political Crisis, Simon and Schuster, 2018.
Dutch translation 2018. German translation 2019 (WBG). Spanish translation 2019
(Paidos).
The Cosmopolitan Tradition, Harvard University Press, 2019. German translation 2019 (WBG).
Spanish translation, Egea, 2019. Korean translation in press with new preface by me.
Citadels of Pride: Sexual Abuse, Accountability, and Reconciliation, W.W. Norton, entering
production July 1, to be published May 2021.
Creatures and Capabilities: Animal Lives and Animal Ethics (title will be changed), under
contract to Simon and Schuster, due end 2021.
edição de livros
Language and Logos: Studies in Greek Philosophy in Honour of G.E.L. Owen (with Malcolm
Schofield), Cambridge University Press, 1982.
Logic, Science, and Dialectic: Collected Papers on Ancient Philosophy. By G.E.L. Owen, Duckworth
and Cornell University Press, 1986.
Essays on Aristotle’s De Anima (with Amélie O. Rorty), Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992.
The Quality of Life (with Amartya Sen), Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993. Spanish translation,
La Calidad de Vida, Fondo de Cultura Economica, Mexico City, 1996. Italian transla-
tion in progress.
Passions & Perceptions: Studies in Hellenistic Philosophy of Mind (with Jacques Brunschwig),
Cambridge University Press, 1993.
Women, Culture, and Development (with Jonathan Glover), Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.
Sex, Preference, and Family: Essays on Law and Nature (with David Estlund), New York:
Oxford University Press, 1997.
Sexual Orientation and Human Rights in American Religious Discourse (with Saul Olyan),
Oxford University Press, 1998.
Clones and Clones: Facts and Fantasies About Human Cloning (with Cass R. Sunstein), New
York: Norton, 1998. Spanish translation published as Clones y Clones: Hechos y Fantasias
sobre La Clonacion Humana (Madrid: Catedra, 2000). Japanese translation published
2000.
Is Multiculturalism Good for Women? (with Joshua Cohen and Matthew Howard), Princeton
University Press, 1999.
The Sleep of Reason: Erotic Experience and Sexual Ethics in Ancient Greece and Rome (with Juha
Sihvola), Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002.
Animal Rights: Current Debates, New Directions (co-edited with Cass Sunstein), New York:
Oxford University Press, 2004. Japanese edition 2014.
On Nineteen Eighty-Four: Orwell and Our Future (with Abbott Gleason and Jack Goldsmith),
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005. Chinese translation 2013.
The Offensive Internet: Speech, Privacy, and Reputation (with Saul Levmore), Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 2010. Korean translation 2012 (Acorn).
Equalizing Access: Affirmative Action in Higher Education in India, United States, and South
Africa (with Zoya Hasan), Oxford University Press, Delhi, 2012.
Subversion and Sympathy: Gender, Law, and the British Novel (with Alison L. LaCroix), New
York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Shakespeare and the Law: A Conversation Among Disciplines and Professions (with Bradin Cor-
mack and Richard Strier), University of Chicago Press, 2013. Chinese translation 2015.
Capabilities, Gender, Equality: Towards Fundamental Entitlements (with Flavio Comim), Cam-
bridge University Press, 2014.
American Guy: Masculinity in American Law and Literature (with Saul Levmore), New York:
Oxford University Press, 2014.
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Pluralism and Democracy in India: Debating the Hindu Right (with Wendy Doniger), New
York: Oxford University Press, 2015.
Rawls’s Political Liberalism (with Thom Brooks), New York: Columbia University Press, 2015.
Fatal Fictions: Crime and Investigation in Law and Literature (with Alison LaCroix and Richard
McAdams), New York: Oxford University Press, 2017 (published fall 2016).
Confronting Torture: Essays on the Ethics, Legality, History, and Psychology of Torture Today (with
Scott A. Anderson), Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018.
Power, Prose, Purse: Law, Literature, and Economic Transformations (with Alison LaCroix and
Saul Levmore), New York: Oxford University Press, 2019.
The Empire of Disgust: Prejudice, Discrimination, and Policy in India and the U.S. (with Zoya
Hasan, Aziz Huq and Vidhu Verma), Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2018.
Cannons and Codes: War in Law and Literature (with Alison LaCroix, Jonathan Masur and
Laura Weinrib), OUP forthcoming 2020.