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Concept of Strategic Management Strategic management is a comprehensive area that covers almost all the functional areas of the organization. It is an umbrella concept of management that comprises all such functional areas as marketing, finance & account, human resource, and production & operation into a top level management discipline. Therefore, strategic management has an importance in the organizational success and failure than any specific functional areas. Strategic management is different than the routine and operation management. Strategic management deals with organizational level and top level issues whereas functional or operational level management deals with the specific areas of the business. Strategic management has relatively longterm focus in comparison to the operational management. Top-level managers such as Chairman, Managing Director, and corporate level planners involve more in strategic management process whereas functional managers and other employees involve more in operational management areas. Strategic management area is broader than any specific functional management area. Strategic management relates to setting vision, mission, objectives, and strategies that can be the guideline to design functional strategies in other functional areas. Therefore, it is top-level management that paves the way for other functional or operational management in an organization. Strategic management is very important area. It determines whether an organization excels, survives, or dies. Strategic management is very important because it guides all the functional areas of the business. It is generally believed that businesses, which develop formal strategic management systems, have a higher probability of success than those, which do not1. Strategic management helps firms anticipate future problems and opportunities. It provides clear vision, mission, objectives, and strategies that lead organization into the secured future. "Strategic management is defined as the art and science of formulating, implementing, and evaluating cross-functional decisions that enable the organization to achieve its objectives."2. Generally, strategic management is not only related to a single specialization but covers cross-functional or overall organization. Strategic management is a stream of decisions and actions3. It is a process by which top-level management decides and does for the success of the organization. It helps to determine the best possible strategy so that organization could win the game in competitive business environment. Thus, strategic management is a way where a strategist finds where organization is and where it wants to reach. The gap between desired and possible is known as performance gap. In this context, strategic management process not only identifies the performance gap but also attempts to reduce the gap.
Lawrence R. Jauch & Willam F. Glueck, Business Policy and Strategic Management, McGraw-Hill Pub, 1989, pp. 35. 2 Fred R. David, Strategic Management: Concept and Cases, 2003, Pearson Education, Delhi, 2003, p. 5.
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Sometimes, the performance gap can be positive, too. In such case a strategist uplifts his or her goal and minimizes the gap. Strategist tries to repair the system and strategy to reach at the targeted goal to fulfill the performance gap in case of negative gap.