Website Design-1 Briefly explain the Internet from practical and technical angle.

Internet is a vast collection of globally available information which can be accessed electronically information which is of practical use for business, research, study and technical purposes. It is a means for electronic commerce marketing, buying, services, economic and financial data research. It is a collection of hundreds of libraries and archives that will open to your fingertips. It is also a vast store of information relating to your hobbies, travel, health, entertainment, games, software, etc. Today the information can be in the form of Text, Images, Animation, Sound, Video etc tomorrow it would probably be in the form of smell, touch, taste or some energized form. If information can be put on computers, that mean it can be digitized, it can be made available on the internet. The only catch is, how fast? Even the future may not be able to tell. To be technically correct, we can say that the internet is an ever growing wide area network of millions of computers and computer networks across the globe, which can exchange information through standard rules (protocols). Each computer has a unique address. Information is divided into packets which may travel through different paths to the destination address where it is recombined into its original form.

2.Briefly explain the various tools used for validating HTML document. Total Validator is a free one-stop all-in-one validator

comprising a HTML validator, an accessibility validator, a spelling validator, a broken links validator, and the ability to take screenshots with different browsers to see what your web pages really look like. Currently Total Validator provides the following main features: A parser that validates the basic construction of your pages True HTML validation against the W3C Markup Specifications or ISO/IEC definition using the published DTDs (2.0, 3.2, 4.0, 4.01, ISO/IEC, XHTML 1.0 and 1.1) An accessibility validator that validates against the W3C WAI Accessibility Guidelines and US Section 508 Standard A broken links validator that checks each page for broken links A spelling validator that spell checks the content of your pages (English, French, Italian, Spanish, German) Snapshots (screenshots) of your pages in different browsers, on different platforms, at different resolutions A desktop tool so you can validate pages before you publish, and pages behind firewalls A Firefox extension for fast, one click validation

3.Briefly explain how the style sheets can be used to support multiple browsers.

Some of the tags of HTML, for example, <i> specify presentation details, or style. However, these presentation specifications can be more precisely and more consistently described with style sheets. Furthermore, many of the tags and attributes used for describing presentation have been deprecated in favor of style sheets. Most HTML tags have associated properties, which store presentation information for browsers. Browsers use default values for these properties if the document doesnt specify values. For example, the <h2> tag has the font-size property, for which a browser could have the default value of 30 points. A style sheet could specify that the font-size property for <h2> be set to 26 points, which would override the default value. The new value could apply to one occurrence of an <h2> element or all such occurrences in the document, depending on how the property value is set. Perhaps the most important benefit of style sheets is their capability of imposing consistency on the style of Web documents. For example, they allow the author to specify that all occurrences of a particular tag use the same presentation style. HTML style sheets are called Cascading Style Sheets because they can be defined at three different levels to specify the style of a document. Lower level style sheets can override higher level style sheets, so the style of the content of a tag is determined through a cascade of style-sheet applications.

The three levels of style sheets, in order from lowest level to highest level, are inline, document level, and external. Inline style sheets apply to the conte It is not impossible to design a single style sheet that works properly on all the different browsers. One option is to use different style sheet documents for the different browsers you want to support. In this way you

can specify CSS formatting customized to the strengths (and weaknesses) of each different browser, without compromising for the average of them. There are essentially two ways to do this. The first is to use content negotiation to send the browser a browserspecific style sheet. With HTTP, a request for any resource (including a style sheet) will look something like (omitting several other pieces of information): GET /path/stylesheet.css HTTP/1.0 User-Agent: Mozilla/4.61 [en] (Win98; I) The User-agent string uniquely identifies the browser (here Navigator 4.6). Most Web server can be configured to return different style sheet documents depending on this value. Unfortunately, this breaks caching on some proxy servers, so it doesnt always work. Also you, as an author, may have not control over server configuration. The second way is to use JavaScript to test, on the browser, for the browser version and model number, and to then "write" link elements referencing appropriate style sheets directly into the document. Both Navigator and Internet Explorer will then process the script-generated link elements, and will load the referenced style sheet. Of course, this will only work if JavaScript is enabled, but in many cases this may be an entirely acceptable requirement.

4.List out the various XML tools.

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