Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
INDEX
1. Acknowledgements 2. About the company 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. NTPC group Evolution of NTPC Electricity from Coal
3. Definition of Automation 4. Benefits of Automation 5. Control Mechanisms 6. Control & Instrumentation 6.1. 6.2. 6.3. 6.4. Manometry Lab Protection & Interlock Lab Automation Lab Pyrometry Lab
6.5.Furnace Safety & Supervisory Lab 6.6.Electronics Lab 7. Ecological Monitoring Programme 8. Ash Utilization 9. Environment Management & safety System
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Acknowledgement
With profound respect and gratitude, I take the opportunity to convey my thanks to complete the training here. I do extend my heartfelt thanks to Mrs. Rachna Singh for providing me this opportunity to be a part of this esteemed organization. I am extremely grateful to all the technical staff of BTPS/NTPC for their co-operation and guidance that helped me a lot during the course of training. I have learnt a lot working under them and I will always be indebted of them for this value addition in me. I would also like to thank the training in charge of Sharda University Gr. Noida and all the faculty member of Electrical & Electronics department for their effort of constant co-operation. Which have been significant factor in the accomplishment of my industrial training.
List of Figures
Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Gauge Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Dewrance Critical Pressure Gauge Air Purge Level Measurement Installed Capacity & its Growth Fortn Barometer Typical Arrangement of Bourdo
Fig. 6 Rod Type Thermostat Fig. 7 Helical Bi-Metal Strip Fig. 8 Liquid Expansion Thermometer with C Bourden Fig. 9 Bulb Forms Fig.10 Thermocouple
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Figure 1
Figure 2
EVOLUTION OF NTPC
NTPC was set up in 1975 with 100% ownership by the Government of India. In the last 30 years, NTPC has grown into the largest power utility in India.
1975
1997
In 1997, Government of India granted NTPC status of Navratna being one of the nine jewels of India, enhancing the powers to the Board of Directors.
2004
NTPC became a listed company with majority Government ownership of 89.5%. NTPC becomes third largest Capitalisation of listed companies by Market
2005
The company rechristened as NTPC Limited in line with its changing business portfolio and transform itself from a thermal power utility to an integrated power utility.
NTPC is the largest power utility in India, accounting for about 20% of Indias installed capacity.
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NTPC Limited
Subsidiaries
Joint Ventures
to super heaters for super heating. The super heaters are located inside the furnace and the steam is super heated (540 degree Celsius) and finally it goes to the turbine. Fuel gases from the furnace are extracted from the induced draft fan, which maintains balance draft in the furnace with F.D fan. These fuel gases heat energy to the various super heaters and finally through air pre heaters and goes to electrostatic precipitators where the ash particles are extracted. This ash is mixed with the water to from slurry is pumped to ash period. The steam from boiler is conveyed to turbine through the steam pipes and through stop valve and control valve that automatically regulate the supply of steam to the turbine. Stop valves and controls valves are located in steam chest and governor driven from main turbine shaft operates the control valves the amount used. Steam from controlled valves enter high pressure cylinder of turbines, where it passes through the ring of blades fixed to the cylinder wall. These act as nozzles and direct the steam into a second ring of moving blades mounted on the disc secured in the turbine.
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AUTOMATION:THEDEFINITION
The word automation is widely used today in relation to various types of applications, such as office automation, plant or process automation. This subsection presents the application of a control system for the automation of a process / plant, such as a power station. In this last application, the automation actively controls the plant during the three main phases of operation: plant start-up, power generation in stable or put During plant start-up and shut-down, sequence controllers as well as long range modulating controllers in or out of operation every piece of the plant, at the correct time and in coordinated modes, taking into account safety as well as overstressing limit.During stable generation of power, the modulating portion of the automation system keeps the actual generated power value within the limits of the desired load demand.
During major load changes, the automation system automatically redefines new set points and
bring
the
individual
processes
in
an
optimally
coordinated way to the new desired loaexecuted according to pre- programmed adaptively controlled load gradients and in a safe way.
2. Ensure and maintain plant operation, even in case of disturbances in the control system, via: Coordinated ON / OFF and modulating control switchover capability from a sub process to a redundant one. Prevent sub-process and process tripping chain reaction following a process component trip.
3. Reduce plant / process shutdown time for repair and maintenance as well as repair costs, via: Protection of individual process components against overstress (in a stable or unstable plant operation). Bringing processes in a safe stage of operation, where process components are protected against overstress
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Mechanical Problemcan be related to Turbines that is the max speed permissible for a turbine is 3000 rpm , so speed should be monitored and maintained at that level. Metallurgical Problem can be view as the max Inlet Temperature for Turbile is 1060 oC so temperature should be below the limit.
Employees Machines
Speed Temperature Current Voltage Pressure Eccentricity Flow of Gases Vaccum Pressure Valves Level Vibration
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MANOMETRY LAB
TRANSMITTERS: It is used for pressure measurements of gases and liquids, its working principle is that the input pressure is converted into electrostatic capacitance and from there it is conditioned and amplified. It gives an output of 4-20 ma DC. It can be mounted on a pipe or a wall. For liquid or steam measurement transmitters is mounted below main process piping and for gas measurement transmitter is placed above pipe. MANOMETER: It s a tube which is bent, in U shape. It is filled with a liquid. This device corresponds to a difference in pressure across the two limbs. BOURDEN PRESSURE GAUGE :It s an oval section tube. Its one end is fixed. It is provided with a pointer to indicate the pressure on a calibrated scale. It is of 2 types: (a) Spiral type: for Low pressure measurement. (b) Helical Type: for High pressure measurement.
Pressure Measurement
The U-Tube or Manometer: Liquid contained in a tube bend in the form of a U will respond to a difference in pressure across the two limbs. A glass tube of uniform
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cross-sectional-area is bent to form a U and partly filed with a liquid of known density 'd' p.s.l.
Measurement
of
Atmospheric
Pressure:
Atmospheric pressure will support calcium of Mercury approximately 30 inches in a U-tube provided a good vacuum is maintained in one limb. Ifa U-tube is replaced with a straight limb about 35 inches long, one end closed, then being filed with clean, dry mercury and then inverted in a container of mercury open to the atmosphere, the mercury would fall in the tube forming a good vacuum above it.
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20
Fig.3
the form of a spiral an enlarged movement of the free end is achieved and thus the tube becomes more sensitive over pressure ranges below 10 p.s.i.
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Fi .
Measurement of Level
Direct Methods
'Sight Glass' is used for local indication on closed or open vessels. A sight glass is a tube of toughened glass connected at both ends through packed unions and vessel. The liquid level will be the same as that in the vessel. Valves are provided for isolation and blow down.
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equipments of this lab are relay and circuit breakers. Some of the instrument uses for protection are:
AUTOMATION LAB
This lab deals in automating the existing equipment and feeding routes. Earlier, the old technology dealt with only (DAS) Data Acquisition System and came to be known as primary systems. The modern technology or the secondary systems are coupled with (MIS) Management Information System. But this lab universally applies the pressure measuring instruments as the controlling force. However, the relays are also provided but they are used only for protection and interlocks. Once the measured is common i.e. pressure the control circuits can easily be designed with single chips having multiple applications. Another point is the universality of the supply, the laws of electronic state that it can be any where between 12V and 35V in the plant. All the control instruments are excited by 24V supply (4-20mA) because voltage can be mathematically handled with ease therefore all control systems use voltage system for computation. The latest technology is the use of ETHERNET for control signals.
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PYROMETERY LAB
The most important parameter in thermal power plant is temperature and its measurement plays a vital role in safe operation of the plant. Rise of temperature in a substance is due to the resultant increase in molecular activity of the substance on application of heat; which increases the internal energy of the material Temperature Measurement
. The change may be observed with substance itself or in
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Solid Rod Thermometers: A temperature sensing Controlling device may be designed incorporating in its construction the principle that some metals expand more than others for the same temperature range.
Fig.7
mercury, when heated, wil expand far less than the mercury it contains. At a high temperature the mercury will occupy a greater fraction of the volume of the container than it will at a low temperature. Under normal atmospheric conditions mercury normally boils at a temperature of (347C). To extend the range of a mercury in glass thermometer beyond this point the top end of a thermometer bore opens into a bulb which is many times larger in capacity than the bore. This bulb plus the bore above the mercury, is then filed with nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas at a sufficiently high pressure to prevent boiling at the highest temperature to which the thermometer may be used.
compactness is necessary
y Helical Type : Most sensitive and compact.Pointer
may be mounted direct on end of helix which rotates, thus eliminating backlash and lost motion.
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Fig.8
Fig.9
Bulb Forms
A. PLAIN BULB B. UNION BULB; C. POCKET BULB D. WALL MOUNTING E. SHORT COtL. F. LONG COIL; G. FINNED STRAIGHT H.WATCH CAPSULE
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(3) THERMOCOUPLES
PELTIER effect. It comprises of two junctions at different temperature. Then the emf is induced in the circuit due to th e flow of electrons. This is an important part in the plant.
Fig.10
Thermocouple
This lab has the responsibility of starting fire in the furnace to enable the burning of coal. For first stage coal burners are in the front and rear of the furnace and for the second and third stage corner firing is employed. Unburnt coal is removed using forced draft or induced draft fan. The temperature inside the boiler is 1100 degree Celsius and its height is 18 to 40 m. It is made up of mild steel. An ultra violet sensor is employed in furnace to measure the intensity of ultra violet rays inside the furnace and according to it a signal in the same order of same mV is generated which directly indicates the temperature of the furnace. For firing the furnace a 10 KV spark plug is operated for ten seconds over a spray of diesel fuel and pre-heater air along each of the feeder-mills. The furnace has six feeder mills each separated by warm air pipes fed from forced draft fans. In first stage indirect firing is employed that is feeder mills are not fed directly from coal but are fed from three feeders but are fed from pulverized coalbunkers. The furnace can operate on the minimum feed from three feeders but under not circumstances should any one be left out under operation, to prevent creation of pressure different with in the furnace, which threatens to blast it.
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ELECTRONICS LAB
This lab undertakes the calibration and testing of various cards. It houses various types of analytical instruments like oscilloscopes, integrated circuits, cards auto analyzers etc. Various processes undertaken in this lab are: 1. Transmitter converts mV to mA. 2. Auto analyzer purifies the sample before it is sent to electrodes. It extracts the magnetic portion.
ANNUNCIATION CARDS : They are used to keep any parameter like temperature etc. within limits. It gets a signal if parameter goes beyond limit. It has a switching transistor connected to relay that helps in alerting the UCB.
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Ramagundam, Farakka, Korba, Vindhyachal, Rihand and Singrauli. These studies have revealed significant environmental gains in the vicinity areas of the project as a result of pursuing sound environment management practices. Some of these important gains which have been noticed are increase in dense forest area, increase in agriculture area, increase in average rainfall, decrease in waste land etc. In general, the studies, as such, have revealed that there is no significant adverse impact on the ecology due to the project activities in any of these stations. Such studies conducted from time to time around a power project have established comprehensive environment status at various post operational stages of the project.
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While deciding the appropriate technology for its projects, NTPC integrates many environmental
provisions into the plant design. In order to ensure that NTPC comply with all the stipulated environment norms, various state-of-the-art pollution control systems / devices as mentioned below have been installed to control air and water pollution.
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Electrostatic Precipitators Flue Gas Stacks Neutralisation Pits Low-NOX Burners Coal Settling Pits / Oil Settling Pits DE & DS System Cooling Towers Ash Dykes & Ash Disposal systems Ash Water Recycling System Dry Ash Extraction System (DAES) Liquid Waste Treatment Plants & Management System Sewage Treatment Plants & Facilities Environmental Institutional Set-up Environment Reviews Up gradation & retrofitting of Pollution Control Systems .
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IT DEPARTMENT
yIT BTPS VISION y IT ROLE & RESPONSIBLITIES
@BTPS y IT APPLICATION @BTPS y BENEFITS OF IT INNOVATION @ BTPS y VARIOUS E-SERVICES @BTPS y SMS ALERT @ BTPS REWARDS & RECOGNITION
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BTPS IT VISION
y INTEGRATED IT ENABLEMENT OF BUSINESS PROCESSES FOR EFFICIENT PLANT MANAGEMENT y INFORMATION ANYTIME ANYWHERE
IT APPLICATION @ BTPS
At BTPS, Information Technology has been used extensively to manage following business processes1. Maintenance Management System 2. Materials Management System 3. Financial Accounting System 4. Contracts Management System 5. Operations & ABT Monitoring System 6. Coal Monitoring & Accounting System 7. Hospital Management System 8. HR, T/S & Training Management System 9. Office Automation & Communication System 10. E-Samadhan complaints monitoring system
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2.MAINTENANCE
Better control over maintenance cost by way of online information available through the system. Based on failure analysis and equipment history, modified maintenance strategy of Preventive, Predictive and Risk Based maintenance is implemented. Equipment spares planning are streamlined by way of Annual requirement, Vendor wise, linked to Equipment, Standardization of defects and repair codes for easy filling of Work Order Card, for future analysis.
3. MATERIALS
Material Planning and Procurement system streamlined, resulting in reduction in Administrative lead Time. Further, procurement on Annual Rate Contract basis enabled through the system, Ordering on actual need basis (just in time). This further reduces lead time and Inventory carrying. Detection of duplicate and obsolete items, standardization of material description and specification, Cleaning and Weeding of redundant data,
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resulting in overall system improvement and functionalities, Availability of coal stock status online, reduction in demurrages paid to railways.
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ERP/SAP MODULES IMPLEMENTED (ERPENTERPRISE RESOURCES PLANNING) Maintenance Management- PM Finance Management- FI Materials Management- MM Human Resource Management- HR Operations Management- OPN Employee Self Service- ESS Maintenance Management system, Anurakshan @ BTPS 1. Permit to Work Issue with detailed feedback. 2.Daily Plant Meeting minutes generated online. 3. Trends of defects priority wise /department wise for a period. 4. Equipment history with detailed feedback available. 5. Analysis of repeated equipment failure for corrective action. 6. Standardization of defects & repair codes. 7. Interface with Materials Management System & CMS for WOC cost
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MATERIAL & CONTRACT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (CMS) 1. Initiation and approval of Contract Proposal. 2. Preparation of Tender Documents and approvals. 3. Preparation and processing of Bills.
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