AlexandriaUniversity FacultyofEngineering NavalArch.andMarineEng.Dept.

3 year Marine Power Plants Steam cycles

1. A steam power plant operates between a boiler pressure of 42 bar and a condenser pressure of 0.065 bar. Calculate for these limits the cycle efficiency, the work ratio, and the specific steam consumption: a. For a Carnot cycle using wet steam, b. For a Rankine cycle with dry saturated steam at entry to the turbine, c. For the Rankine cycle of (b), when the expansion process has an isentropic efficiency of 80 %. 2. Compare the Rankine cycle performance of problem 1 with that obtained when the steam is superheated to 500 C. Neglect the feed pump work. 3. Calculate the new cycle efficiency and the specific steam consumption if reheat is induced in the plant of problem 2. The steam conditions at inlet to the turbine are 42 bar and 500 C, and the condenser pressure is 0.065 bar as before. Assuming that the steam is just dry and saturated on leaving the first turbine, and is reheated to its initial temperature. Neglect the feed pump term. 4. In a regenerative steam cycle employing two feed heaters, the steam is supplied to the turbine at 40 bar and 500 C and is exhausted to the condenser at 0.035 bar. The intermediate bleed pressures are obtained such that the saturation temperature intervals are approximately equal, giving pressures of 10 and 1.1 bar. Calculate the amount of steam bled at each stage, the work output of the plant per kilogram of boiler steam and cycle efficiency of the plant. Neglect the feed pump term. 5. A two stage turbine receives steam at 50 bar and 350 C. At 1.5 bar the highpressure stage exhausts and 12000 kg of steam per hour are taken at this stage for process purposes. The remainder is reheated at 1.5 bar to 250 C and then expanded through the low-pressure turbine to a condenser pressure of 0.05 bar. The power output from the turbine unit is to be 3750 KW. Take the isentropic efficiency of the high-pressure stage as 0.84, and that of the low-pressure stage as 0.81. Calculate boiler capacity.

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6. In a combined reheat and regenerative steam plant, the steam conditions at inlet of the turbine are 170 bar and 600C. After expansion through the high pressure stage turbine to dry saturated steam, it is reheated to 500 C and expanded through the second stage low pressure turbine to the condenser pressure of 0.035 bar. Through the first stage turbine an amount of steam is bleeded for feed heating. Determine the following: The amount of bleed steam, The bleed steam temperature, The net power output per kg of boiler steam, The cycle efficiency. 7. A generating station is to give a power output of 200 MW. The superheat output pressure of the boiler is 170 bar and the temperature is 600C. After expansion through the first stage turbine to a pressure of 40 bar, 15 % of the steam is extracted for feed heating, the remainder is reheated to 600C and is expanded through the second stage turbine to a condenser pressure of 0.035 bar. For preliminary calculations it is assumed that the actual cycle will have an efficiency of 70 %. The generator mechanical and electrical efficiency is 90 %. Calculate the maximum continuous rating of the boiler in kg per hour.