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  • HTML Slides

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    Aniket Aggarwal
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    Learn HTML in 5 days

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    Learn HTML in 5 days

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    18 visualizações27 páginas

    HTML Slides

    Enviado por

    Aniket Aggarwal
    Learn HTML in 5 days

    Direitos autorais:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Baixe no formato PDF, TXT ou leia online no Scribd
    Sinalizar o conteúdo como inadequado
    de 27

    1/7/11

    HTTP (HTML)
    IT Workshop 2011 Sudhir Gupta

    The Ever-changing Internet

    Different colors based on IP address http://research.lumeta.com/ches/map

    1/7/11

    What is the Internet?


    WWW Video conferencing ftp telnet Email Instant messaging

    A communication infrastructure Usefulness is in exchanging information

    History of the Internet


    Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in 1989
    Proposal for WWW in 1990 First web page on November 13, 1990

    Hypertext - Text that contains links to other text.


    Ted Nelsons Xanadu Vannevar Bushs Memex
    (http://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/flashbks/computer/bushf.htm)

    W3C
    Get more info at: http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/

    1/7/11

    Divide Work into Layers

    01010

    0 1 0 1 0

    01010

    make network simple and reliable a connect segments, address (locating points on graph) and route (navigating graph) 01010 01010

    physically encode bits on wire

    Protocol Stack

    Were here.

    1/7/11

    Servers
    Hardware server
    Computer on Internet, always running

    Software server
    Program running on server Listening on port
    Receives requests, processes them, makes outgoing calls

    Daemon examples: sshd, lpd, inetd, httpd

    Applications
    Traditional PC applications
    Everything done locally Fast but sharing difficult Word, Excel

    Client/server applications
    Client local and responsive Client provides interface Server centralizes resources Server performs some work

    1/7/11

    Domain Name Service


    TCP/IP uses IP Addresses (171.64.123.12) DNS allows us to use URLs to refer to IP addresses (e.g. www.yahoo.com) Its just a service built on top of TCP/IP!!!

    HTTP and HTML


    Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Tim Berners-Lee, 1991 Hypertext Markup Language
    For creating web pages

    1/7/11

    Client and Server


    User uses HTTP client (Web Browser) It has a URL (e.g. http://www.yahoo.com/) Makes a request to the server Server sends back data (the response) User clicks on the client side...
    request (URL)

    Client

    response (HTML, )

    Server

    HTTP Client (Browser)


    NCSA Mosaic (M. Andreesen) Netscape Navigator (M. Andreesen) Microsoft Internet Explorer Browser Wars of the 1990's Mozilla (Netscape Open Sourced) Now Mozilla Firefox Apple Safari (from Konqueror) Others (Opera, Lynx)

    1/7/11

    Universal Resource Location (URL)


    http://www.bvb.edu:80/class/itws/schedule.html

    Protocol (Scheme)

    Universal Resource Location (URL)


    http://www.bvb.edu:80/class/itws/schedule.html

    Host Name

    1/7/11

    Universal Resource Location (URL)


    http://www.bvb.edu:80/class/itws/schedule.html

    Port

    Universal Resource Location (URL)


    http://www.bvb.edu:80/class/itws/schedule.html

    Path

    1/7/11

    Request
    Just a string of ASCII text GET /food/index.html HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n

    HTTP Server
    Listens on port 80 (usually) Handles HTTP requests Sends back responses Document root is a directory in the file system Server maps path to file system file

    1/7/11

    URL Path = File System Path


    URL Path / maps to Document Root Lets say Document Root is C:\htdocs\
    / => C:\htdocs\ /images/ => C:\htdocs\images\ /a/X.html => C:\htdocs\a\X.html

    Response Example
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Fri, 16 Apr 2004 18:48:13 GMT Server: Apache/1.3.29 (Darwin) Last-Modified: Fri, 16 Apr 2004 10:15:59 GMT ETag: "58db37-89-407fb25f" Accept-Ranges: bytes Content-Length: 137 Connection: close Content-Type: text/html <html> <body> <p>Welcome</p> <img src=smiley.gif"> </body> </html>

    HTTP Header

    Blank line

    Data

    10

    1/7/11

    Example Request / Response


    Client requests
    http://courses.lnmiit.edu/food/index.html

    Client sends
    GET /food/index.html HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n

    Server sees request with path /food/index.html Server maps onto Document Root
    G:/webroot + /food/index.html

    Server sends back file over HTTP (e.g. HTML file)

    HTML Characteristics
    Just a Text File!
    + Portable + Human Readable/Writable

    Defines the Structure (not Appearance) of the Document


    Client (Browser) defines the appearance + Portable + Pours into Browser (PDAs, Bigger/Smaller)

    11

    1/7/11

    Document Structure
    <html> <head><title>My First Web Page</title> </head> <body bgcolor="white"> <p>A Paragraph of Text.</p> </body> </html>

    Nested Tags
    Like a tree, each element is contained inside a parent element Each element may have any number of attributes
    <html>...</html>

    <head>...</head> <title>...</title> other stuff

    <body>...</body> bgcolor="white" <p>...</p> <br> <table>...</table>

    This is some text!

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