NORMAL VALUES PART 1: HEMATOLOGY

DETERMINATION CONVETIONAL UNITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Partial thromboplastin time Prothrombin time INR

Lower limit of normal: 20 25 sec. Upper limit of normal: 32 39 sec. 9.5 12 sec. 1.0

Prolonged in deficiency of fibrinogen, factors II, V, VII, IX, X and XII and in heparin therapy Prolonged by def. of factors I, II, V< VII and X. fat metabolism, severe liver disease, Coumadin therapy INR: used to standardized the prothrombin time and anticoagulant therapy Increased in diarrhea and dehydration, Polycythemia vera, acute poisoning, pulmonary fibrosis Decreased in all anemia, in leukemia, and after hemorrhage when blood volume has been restored Decreased in severe anemias, anemia of pregnancy, acute massive blood loss Increased dehydration or Hemoconcentration assoc. w/ shock Decreased in various anemias, pregnancy, severe or prolonged hemorrhage and with excessive fluid intake Increase in Polycythemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, failure of oxygenation because of CHF Neutrophils increased with acute infections, trauma or surgery, leukemia Increased in allergy, parasitic disease Decreased in stress Increased with acute leukemia Decreased in allergic reaction, parasitic disease Increased with infectious mononucleosis, hepatitis

Erythrocyte count

Male: 4,600,000 6,200,000/ cu mm Or 4.6 6.2 x 1012 /L Female: 4,200,000 5,400,000/ cu mm Or 4.2 5.4 x 1012/L

Hematocrit

Males: 42% - 60% Females: 35% - 47%

Hemoglobin

Males: 13 18 gm/dL Females: 12 - 16 gm/dL

Leukocyte count Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils

4,500 11, 000/ cu mm or 4.5 11 x 109/L 45% - 73% 0% - 4% 0% - 1%

Lymphocytes

20% - 40%

Monocytes Platelet

2% - 8% 150,000 450,000/ cu mm

Decreased in SLE, aplastic anemia & AIDS Increased in viral infection, collagen & hemolytic d/o Increased RA, malignancy Decreased thrombocytopenia Purpura, acute leukemia, aplastic anemia, and during cancer, chemotherapy

PART 2: SERUM, PLASMA AND WHOLE BLOOD CHEMISTRIES CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

DETERMINATION CONVENTIONAL UNITS SI UNITS 11 32/umol/L INCREASED DECREASED

Ammonia ALT

15 45 ug/L Males: 10 40 U/mL Females: 8 35 U/mL Males: 10 40 U/mL Females: 15 30 U/mL Total: 0.3 1.0 mg/dL Direct: 0.1 0.4 mg/dL Indirect: 0.1 0.4 mg/dL 0.6 1.2 mg/dL (50 110 mmol/L 7 18 mg/dL Old: 10 20 mg/dL 1.010 1.025 Fasting: 60 110 mg/dL Postprandial: 65 140 mg/dL 100 - 200 mg/dL 3.5 5.5 g/dL 135 145 mEq/L 3.5 5.0 mEq/L

Severe liver disease More for liver disease MI Skeletal muscle disease

AST

Bilirubin

T: 5 7 umol/L D: 1.7 3.7 umol/L I: 3.4 11.2 umol/L

Pernicious anemia Biliary obstruction and disease Nephritis Chronic Renal disease Acute AGN Nephrotic syndrome Dehydration SIADH DM Nephritis Hypothyroidis m Infections Pregnancy Uremia Atherosclerosis

Creatinine (serum) level BUN Specific gravity Glucose

Overhydration DI Hyperinsulism Hyperthyroidism Pernicious vomiting Addisons disese

Triglycerides Albumin SODIUM POTASSIUM

40 55 g/L

3.5 5.0 mmol/L

Renal failure Acidosis, hemolysis

Hyperparathyroi dism, vitamin D def., Diuretic administration

CHLORIDE

96 108 mEq/L

CALCIUM

8.5 10.5 mEq/L

Obstructive jaundice, urinary obstruction, anemia Hyperplasia/tu mor parathyroid Multiple myeloma, sarcoidosis, hypothyroidism

Diarrhea, Cushings syndrome, intestinal obstruction Hyperthyroidism , celiac disease, vitamin D def., after parathyroidecto my

MAGNESIUM PHOSPHORUS

1.8 2.7 mEq/L 2.5 4.5 mEq/L (inorganic)

Chronic nephritis Hypoparathyroi dism

PART 3: ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS PARAMETER pH PaCO2 PaO2 HCO- 3 Base excess/deficit Oxygen saturation ARTERIAL BLOOD 7.35 7.45 35 45 mm Hg 70 100 mm Hg Old: 85 95 mm Hg 19 25 mEq/L Old: 22 26 mEq/L +/- 5 mEq/L > 90 95%