Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Exam conditions:
Before a day the student should registries it selves at the department The exam is a written There will be three parts Lighting and electric network Water and sewage systems Gas supply There will be three parts of questions according to the main topics Each of them have to be successful Final mark is an average of each partial results Oral exam is optional if the firs written part is successful (at least pass level) If the exam is not successful (fail) the exam should be repeated including all the three parts
Gas Supply
Components
Calorimetric values:
Combustion heat (High): ~37 700 kJ/Nm3 (moisture in water stage) Calorific value (Low): ~34 000 kJ/Nm3 (moisture in steam stage)
Gas Supply
Gas combustion
Condition for gas combustion
1. 2. 3.
Secundary air
4.
Combustible gas Ignition temperature Oxygen Continuous removal of burning product (flue gas)
Air adjuster
Bunsen burner:
Primary air
Through the nozzle the pure gas injected to the mixing pipe Because jet effect through the airadjuster, air is mixing with the pure gas At the end of mixing pipe secondary air is mixing with the flame
Gas Supply
Gas Supply
800mm Estate border
2. 3.
4. 5.
Water Bag
Floor Level
Outside distributor main Interconnecting main Inner main distribution pipe Riser Service connection(from gas meter)
min.
200
Floor Level
min 200
Gas Supply
Gas meter
Nominal gas consumption Curb cock (main cock) Water bag
Service connections
200
Estate border
2.
Equipments
Kitchen stove Boilers Auxiliary gas cocks
1600
700
0,00
3.
Boyler Chimney
Flue Gas
Chimney Draft diverter Chimney Body
Kitchen stove
Interconnecting pipe
Gas Supply
Each estates has to have its own interconnecting pipe network, Smallest Diameter of the interconnecting network is : DN25, The highest pressure of the interconnecting pipe is 0.1 bar Gas pipe can pass room where the elevation is higher than 1.7m In garage interconnecting pipe can not pass Not allowed to build any types of gas network in: sleeping room, living room, larder, toilet, in any non ventilable room,
Chimney Under the building (or basement), In floor or ceiling In suspended floor or ceiling In toilets in cold storage rooms in storage rooms(larder)
The highest pressure is 0.1 bar The pipe network can not be driven through in other properties, in common properties The pipe network can not be driven through in Class A, and Class B fire danger areas, in car storage areas, in the rooms of gas equipment which has bigger consumption than 116kW, Switch gear rooms or cabinets where voltage higher than 0.4kV Smallest diameter of the service connection is DN15
Gas Meters
Safety distances:
From any gas equipments: 1m Any hot pipe, ducks etc: 0.5m
Gas Meters
200
Space demand:
Single Meter Interconnecting pipe always from left Service connection always from right Closing valve in both side above 6m3/h Ventilatable, lockable cabinet Multi Meter place Water jacket Nominal size in domestic level G4,G6 (m3/h) Size: 302410 (cm) Connection:1 1, 25cm
1200..1700
500
1600
900
1000
250
250
1200
Gas Meters
Interconnecting pipe Main cock
Service connection
Pressure reducer m3
200
Min cock
Gzellts
Equipments
Classification:
Class: Name Supplied air: Flue gas: to the internal area To the external area Example: Kitchen stove Water heater, Infra red heater Wall mounted water heater Wall mounted heater, Boiler. Wall mounted gas convector unit, Wall mounted water heater, Boiler. Most important circumstances: above 5230W with openings Aopening. 1.3m2 hl 590 W/m3 hl 3140 W/m3 Aopening. 1.3m2
A B C
With open From combustion internal the areal chamber Connected to a From the chimney internal area (Closed burning chamber) With closed From combustion externalthe area chamber
Double coated chimney body (for air and for the flue gas)
hl[W / m 3 ] =
Qht [W ] Vroom [m 3 ]
Gzellts
If heat load less than 5230W : Ventilation openings should be applied to the room which has external opening(s) Rate of heat load: 590W/m3 (maximum) load If the rate of heat load is in between 350 590W/m2 than:
2 pieces of venting openings must be mounted on the wall, which has nominal cross section min.150cm2 and the min. distance in horizontally 1,8m (Ventilation with other room ) Rate of heat load (including the other room) must be less than 245W/m3; Sum of nominal sizes of a non airtight opening(s) must be bigger than 1,3m2
Gzellts
Cleavage surface :
It is obligatory when:
heat load of a single boiler is bigger than 140kW or heat load of a boiler room is bigger than 1400kW and Rate of heat load 1100W/m3.
Requirements:
Bursting pressure:1.2 3.0 kN/m2, Necessary cleavage surface (A): A[m2]=m*V[m3]
m=0.20 if V200m3 m=0.15 if V>200m3
There are exceptions like application of gas sensors Restrict obligatory (no exception is possible)
school, infant-school, Hospital, cinema, theater, stores etc
Kszlkek:
Biztonsgi s automatika szerkezetek:
Gzhiny biztost:
A gzszolgltats kimaradsa esetn lezrja a gzramot a kszlk fel. A gzszolgltats jra indulsakor csak kzi beavatkozssal lehet megnyitni Az g j hatsfok mkdse csak meghatrozott gzkiramlsi sebessg esetn lehetsges, A kiramls sebessge s vgnyoms fggvnye, A csatlakozsi nyomst a kszlk szmra megfelel tartomnyban tartja.
Nyomsszablyoz:
gsbiztostk:
Vzhiny biztost:
Feladata a lng valamely jellemzjnek figyelse Ikerfmes (h-rzkels) termoelemes (h-rzkels) ionizcis (ionszint) fotocells (sugrzs) tfoly rendszer kszlkek esetn a vzhiny krosodst okoz a berendezsben. Piezzoelektromos, Villamos szikra gyjt, rlng. Hmaximum rzkels.
Gzram Sly Membrn Lgfurat
Gyjtszerkezetek
Hmrsklet korltoz:
Elzr szerelvny
jra indt
Equipments:
Water heaters without storage capacity
Draft diverter
Supplied air Gas continuity sensor Minimum water flow rate sensor Cold Water Hot water
Bigger instrument for serving more than one taps Wall mounted water heaters (Class B)
Nominal heat capacity :18~28kW Produced hot water: 7~14l/perc
Disadvantages:
Ones jus only serving one tap Does not work with circulating pipe Constant heat capacity
Safety equipments:
Temperature maximum sensor Gas discontinuity sensor Pilot flame with flame monitor Water minimum flow rate sensor Safety valve Draft diverter
Kszlkek:
Wall mounted boilers
Closed expansion tank
Class: B, C Types:
Only for heating:
Produced heat capacity:~10..40kW; Inbuilt pump; Inbuilt expansion tank; Regulated by the minimum water flow rate sensor.
Disadvantages:
Main return Main flow
disadvantages of wall mounted water heaters; During DHW producement heating is stopped
Safety equipments:
Wall mounted water heaters equipped with inbuilt closed expansion tank
Equipments:
Class B Class C, with combined DHW
Equipments:
Wall mounted boiler with indirectly heated water storage
Heat emiter
Control:
Temperature sensor Switch valve Guided for DHW production;
Boiler
Advantages:
Smaller necessary heat capacity Continuously served hot water with uniform temperature Suitable for circulating network
Hot water storage
Temperature sensor
Heat exchanger
Equipments:
Wall mounted heat convector unit
Class C
Supplied air Flue gas
Advantages:
Safe; Sort heating up period; Simple ;
Disadvantages:
Secondaty air (convective flow)
Chimney
Class B
Flue gas
Gzellts
Chimney
Different systems: Class A. : Open combustion chamber (no chimney)
The supplied air from the indoor environment The burning product is driven to the indoor environment
The supplied air from the indoor environment The burning product is driven out from the indoor environment by a chimney Closed Air Circuit
The supplied air from the outdoor environment The burning product is driven out from the indoor environment by a chimney There is no connection of the indoor environment a the burning area
Draft Diverter
Deflecting plate Flue gas Air
1. Normal operation 2. Start of the boiler, no draft effect because of cold chimney body 3. Draft stop (wind)
Draught of a Chimneys
Dependencies: Elevation: pdraught~ H Volume flow rate of the burning products (flue gas): ploss~ V2 Temperature of the burning products pdraught~ -1/Tflue gas External temperature: pdraught~ 1/Tenviroment Insulation of the body of the chimney: Rapidly increasing Diameter of the chimney: ploss~ 1/d5
Spoil draught
Chimney Equipment
Chimney
Air
Equipment
Air
Equipment
Closed System
Equipment
Chimney Problems