Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Javier Santiso Chief Economist and Deputy Director OECD Development Centre
Conference Opening and Innovation on Financial Emerging Markets Beijing - China March 28 2007
ttp://www.financesinternationales.sciences-po.fr/
I II III IV V VI
Investments banks business and research publications Emerging markets capital flows and research publications Conclusions
2
I II III IV V VI
Investments banks business and research publications Emerging markets capital flows and research publications Conclusions
4
Empirical studies of the relationship between the recommendations and underwriters are scarce and concentrated to OECD countries:
- Womack and Michaely (1999). Results suggest that there is a conflict of interest between investment banking and research department.
Our research
By using untapped and rich dataset, the purpose of this study: First, it is an attempt to analyse the determinants of the recommendations given by investment banks in the sovereign emerging bond market.
Second, it allows to determine the impact of information on capital flows. For that we take into account investment banks recommendations as an additional factor to explain capital flows.
I II III IV V VI
Investments banks business and research publications Emerging markets capital flows and research publications Conclusions
9
10
Institu
ABN AMRO
11
12
1 0.5 0 -0.5
A V ER A GE
`
J un-99 J un-01 J un-03 J un-05
-1
J ul-97 J ul-98 J ul-99 J ul-00 J ul-01 J ul-02 J ul-03 J ul-04 J ul-05
1 0
J un-97 Source: J P M organ, april 2006
13
INVESTME Argentina
14
I II III IV V VI
Investments banks business and research publications Emerging markets capital flows and research publications Conclusions
15
- . in the short term recommendations could be biased in order to obtain short term profits.
- Additionally, investment banking activities could be motivated to recommend optimistically the assets which they are participating as underwriters in an IPO.
16
Underwriters recommendations
Recommendations given by banks that have been underwriters for Latin American sovereign bond issues.
90% of the underwriters recommend to investors at the announcement date of the issue to buy or to maintain in their portfolio the bonds issued by the countries where they are acting as underwriters.
R
High correlation between recommendations and size of the market: too big to underweight Credit risk is not a relevant variable to determine the recommendations
Argentina
18
I II III IV V VI
Investments banks business and research publications Emerging markets capital flows and research publications Conclusions
19
where and : percentage allocated by funds in country i with respect to the total amount invested in emerging economies.it + Pusht + it Equityit = + Re cit + Marketit + Re al
country i .
Re cit
: Pull variables defined by capital markets (exchange rate, spread of sovereign bonds and rate of return of equity).
Marketit
20
21
22
Impact of Re
Dependent varia
23
Impact of Re
Dependent variab
24
I II III IV V VI
Investments banks business and research publications Emerging markets capital flows and research publications Conclusions
25
26
Further research: The results are preliminary. We have in part neglected the role of the recommendations in the sell side long term business. Indeed, further research must be done concerning the performance of these recommendations in terms of investment value and to contrast them with the underwriting activity.
27
Policy Lessons
1. There is a need for more detailed information disclosure by investment banks in order to determine if past recommendations are related to macroeconomic variables and financial variables or whether they are associated with their business in emerging economies. 2. Given that banks recommendations and portfolio flows are related, an international co-operation must be established in order to encourage investment banks to cover more countries.
28
ANNEXES
29
30
10
Brazil Mexico
25
Venezuela (rhs.)
7.5
20
1 5
2.5
31
Underwriters recommendations
415 underwriters or Lead managers and 215 sovereign issues. Almost 75% of the underwriters are located in Brazil, Argentina, Colombia and Mexico.
19
32
- 67 per cent of the recommendations were to maintain the positions in Argentinean External Debt (prior 2001) - Some of the comments given by banks months before the crisis were unrealistic:
Morgan Stanley: We are maintaining our Market Perform recommendation on Argentine bonds.Relaxation of fiscal targets and an innovative IMF-led financial package from creditors both improve Argentinas credit outlook. Argentina needs to raise an estimated $2.6 billion to fulfil its first quarter financing requirements. New issues are expected to total $5.6 billion in 2001. Growth and fiscal performance are becoming the focus of investors attention. January 26, 2001. Salomon Smith Barney (Citigroup): The successful implementation of the IMF support package with the associated debt management transactions and the change in the global outlook probably increases the chances that economic activity will pick up in the second half of the year. We therefore recommend a neutral position in external bonds and local currency instruments. January 17, 2001
33
FEE 3.5 3
2.5
Hungary 99 Turkey 2000 Argentina 2000 Argentina 2000 Argentina 2000
Argentina 1999
Philippines 2006
400
500
600
700
SPREAD 800
34
Underwriters recommendations
Underwriters recommendations vs. Recommendations given by other investment banks
- 75% of the Lead mangers advice was higher than or equal to that made by other investment banks.
Underwriters recommendations
Underwriters recommendations vs. Recommendations given by other investment banks during the announcement date of the issue of a bond.
- On average underwriters recommendations are more favourable than no-underwriters recommendations
Underwriters vs No-Underwriters' recommendations (Announcement date, Average 1999-2006)
0.8 0.6
0.4 0.2
0 -0.2 -0.4
-0.6
Weigth. Aver.
Panama
Colombia
Dom. Rep.
Mexico
Brazil
Peru
Arg.
Uruguay
Venez.
Tot. Aver.
Ecuador
Chile
36
Underwriters recommendations
What is the incentive that no-underwriters could have to give an equal or higher recommendation than underwriters?
Parti
For most of the Latin American countries 90% of the issues were realised by 10 investment banks
# Issue
37
Underwriters recommendations
By calculating the HHI we obtained the same results:
Theoretically, this market could be characterised by an imperfect competitive market in which underwriters are playing a repeated game. By taking investment banks recommendations as a marketing product, it is then advantageous to investment banks to recommend a country even if at that period they have not been underwriters.
Impact
Dependent variab
39
Impact of
Dependent variab
40
Impact of Re
Dependent variab
41
Impact o
Dependent variab
42
Impact of
Dependent variab
43
Impact of Re
Dependent varia
44