Student Guide

MATH 26 Analytic Geometry and Calculus I

Summer 2011 Section G Lecture: 1-2:45 PM, MTThF, MBLH Recitation Classes: 1-2:45 PM, WS, MB Rooms MATHEMATICS DIVISION Institute of Mathematical Sciences and Physics UP Los Baos

WELCOME to MATH 26. Analytic Geometry and Calculus I. 3 units (2-hour

lecture, 1-hour recitation).This course is the first in a three-course series in Analytic Geometry and Calculus offered here at U. P. Los Baos. A HISTORICAL NOTE. Prior to the 17th century, algebra and geometry were studied as separate unconnected fields of mathematics until two French mathematicians, Rene Descartes (1596 1650) and Pierre de Fermat (1601 1655), developed analytic geometry that uses algebraic operations and equations to solve geometric problems. This development shed new light on algebra by exhibiting its equations as geometric curves and conversely giving birth to a new area of mathematics which we now refer to as analytic geometry. Calculus is based on the properties of numbers, and by using the Cartesian coordinate system, much of calculus can be presented in geometric terms. Thus, analytic geometry was an ideal prelude to the invention of calculus. The names generally associated with the invention of calculus are Sir Isaac Newton (English, 1642 1727) and Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (German, 1646 1716). Newton developed calculus as a tool for his inventions in physics and astronomy. Leibniz was a universal genius who, independently of Newton, and almost simultaneously also developed calculus. The two basic processes of calculus are differentiation and integration. Differentiation gives the instantaneous rate of change of a varying quantity, and integration measures the total effect of continuous change. The key to Newtons and Leibnizs success in developing calculus was their insight into the ultimate relation between differentiation and integration as inverse processes. The principal objective of calculus is the analysis of problems of change and motion. These problems are fundamental because we live in a world of ceaseless and constant change, filled with bodies of motion and with phenomena of ebb and flow. Consequently, calculus remains a vibrant subject, and today this body of computational technique continues to serve as the principal quantitative language of science and technology. Calculus is essential in engineering, physical, biological and social sciences. Without calculus, one could not design radar systems, cyclotrons, bridges and study the behavior of economic systems. It is also used to determine the orbits of earth satellites and other cosmic systems and paths for space travel. Calculus is generally considered to be one of the greatest intellectual achievements of mankind. Many of the scientific discoveries that have shaped our

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civilization during the past three centuries would have been impossible without the use of calculus. So, we hope you will enjoy your semester with us in studying together the basics of Analytic Geometry and Calculus. (From Dr. Maria Cristeta N. Cuaresma)
Course Description: Equations of lines, second-degree equations; limits and continuity; derivatives of algebraic functions and its applications; integrals and its applications. Course Prerequisite: The prerequisite of this course is MATH 17 (Algebra and Trigonometry) or MATH 14 (Plane Trigonometry). It is expected that you have already passed any of these courses. Course Objectives: Upon completion of the course, you should be able to: 1. find the equation of a line 2. prove geometric theorems analytically 3. identify and sketch the graphs of second-degree equations 4. evaluate limits of algebraic functions 5. determine whether a function is continuous at a given point or interval 6. interpret geometrically the concept of the derivative of a function 7. find the derivative of algebraic functions 8. sketch a curve using calculus and analytic geometry 9. solve related rates and maxima-minima problems 10. approximate the change in a function using differentials 11. evaluate indefinite integrals and definite integrals and 12. find plane areas using integration Course Outline: Chapter 1. Analytic Geometry and the Conic Sections 1.1 Coordinates and Lines 1.2 Analytic Proof 1.3 Conic Sections 1.4 The Parabola 1.5 The Ellipse 1.6 The Hyperbola 1.7 General Second Degree Equations Chapter 2. Limits and Continuity 2.1 The Limit of a Function 2.2 Theorems on limits of Functions 2.3 One-Sided Limits 2.4 Infinite Limits 2.5 Limits of Infinity 2.6 Continuity of a Function at a Number 2.7 Continuity on an Interval 2.8 The intermediate-Value Theorem Chapter 3. The Derivative and Differentiation 3.1 Definition of the Derivative and its Geometric Representation 3.2 Differentiability and Continuity, Right-hand and Left-hand Derivatives 3.3 Basic Theorems on Differentaition

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3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8

Derivative of a Composite Function and the Chain Rule Implicit Differentiation Higher-Order Derivatives Rolle's Theorem and The Mean-Value Theorem

Chapter 4. Application of the Derivatives 4.1 Rectilinear Motion 4.2 Related Rates 4.3 Curve Sketching 4.4 Maxima and Minima Problems 4.5 Differentials Chapter 5. Antidifferentiation and the Definite Integral 5.1 Antidifferentiation and The Definite Integral 5.2 Basic Theorem on Antidifferentiation 5.3 The Chain Rule for Antidifferentiation 5.4 The Definite Integral and Area of a Plane Region 5.5 Theorems on Definite Integrals 5.6 Area of a Plane Region References:

Cuaresma, GA, et. al. (2004). Analytic Geometry and Calculus 1: A Worktext for Math 26. Leithold, L. The Calculus with Analytic Geometry. Leithold, L. TC7 Thomas Jr., G and Finney, R. Calculus and Analytic Geometry Protter and Murray, Calculus with Analytic Geometry Purcell, Calculus with Analytic Geometry Peterson, Calculus with Analytic Geometry (Note: Lecture slides and some course materials are available at the course e-group and at the photocopying center, located at MB lobby.)

Grading Scheme: Mid-Summer Exam (April 29, Friday, 1-2:45 PM) Post Summer Exam (May 14, Saturday, 1-245 PM) Recitation Exercises/Assignments Lecture Quizzes/Assignments 30% 30% 30% 10%

If your pre-final standing is at least 65%, you are exempted from taking the final exam (May 18, Wednesday). In case you opt to take the final exam, your final grade shall be computed as follows: 70% from the Pre-final standing 30% from the Final exam rating

The standard Math Division transmutation table shall be used. 96 100 1.0 75 79 2.25

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92 88 84 80 Policy Statements:

95 91 87 83

1.25 1.5 1.75 2.0

70 74 65 69 60 64 55 59 BELOW 55

2.5 2.75 3.0 4.0 5.0

1. THE UNIVERSITY POLICY ON ATTENDANCE APPLIES. You are allowed to be absent for a maximum of 20% of the total time. Wherefore, for MATH 26 the lecturer drops a student with a combined number of absences of at least 5 in the lecture and recitation classes. Depending on whether the majority of incurred combined absences of the student were excused or unexcused, the lecturer will give the student a grade of DRP or 5.0, appropriately. 2. NO MAKE-UP for missed quizzes or exercises. In case you missed the Midsummer or the Post-summer exam, you are automatically required to take the final exam. Nevertheless, it is strongly encouraged that you should not miss these exams so that we can prevent problems that may arise related to your grade in the course. In case the absence is unexcused, the student automatically receives a score of 0 for the missed exam. 3. Any form of cheating during an examination will be severely punished. 4. Raise your hand if you have any question or clarification about the topic. If some questions still persist on your mind or you have any suggestion, write it in any paper and drop it to the Freedom Box located near the door. Also, feel free to come to my consultation hours or consult your recitation instructor regarding matters related to the course.
Some more rules 5. No one is allowed to eat, drink or smoke inside the lecture hall. 6. Avoid tardiness. (3 lates = 1 absence) 7. Give your recitation instructors due respect. Dont ever call them ATE or KUYA. MEMORIZE their names. 8. Refrain from using cellphones, game and audio-video devices, laptops and other gadgets during the class. Also, refrain from sleeping. Anyone who is caught sleeping inside the lecture hall will be advised to go out of the lecture hall to continue his/ her sleeping at home. The Lecture Component The lecture component shall be used by your lecturer to develop or introduce new topics. Examples shall be given to reinforce the definition, theorems or other concepts. You are encouraged to ask questions; however, you should use the microphone so that your lecturer your classmates can hear you. You also have an option to ask by righting your question/s on a sheet of paper and dropping it in the box designated to your recitation section. These boxes are located at the back of the lecture hall during lecture time, otherwise outside my office. Your lecturer shall assign a permanent seating arrangement. You must occupy your designated seat. Attendance in the lecture shall be checked by the lecture assistant based on the seating arrangement. The Recitation Component

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The recitation class is used primarily to reinforce the lecture. Some activities that you should expect in this class are the following: exercises, discussion of assignments and additional examples, board works, group discussions/activities or recitation.

The Math 26 Section GH e-Group: You are required to be a member and visit this e-group regularly. Announcements, additional course materials, web resources and other related topics shall be posted by your lecturer in this site. Membership is required to be able to access the site resources and receive announcements. The site also includes a discussion board. You may post messages, questions or comments related to the lectures. Upon being member of the group, please immediately update your profile so that you can be recognized properly by your instructors. Please observe proper decorum in using this group. Introduce yourself and indicate the section you belong and to whom you want to speak to. Please choose your words when you communicate in this group. The Math Clinic You are encouraged to visit the Math Clinic (MB 104, Math Building). References, one-on-one tutorials and other teaching and learning materials are available at the clinic free of charge. Just approach any of the instructors or professors in the Math Clinic if you need any help. The Lecturer Name: Mr. Lauro L. Fontanil Designation: Instructor 1 Office: Room 204, Cubicle E, Math Building Consultation Hours: MT: 10-11 AM, 3-5 PM; ThF: 3-5 PM E-mail Address: lauro_06@yahoo.com Recitation Facilitators: Section G-1R G-2R G-3R G-4R G-5R Room MB 101 MB 103 MB 105 MB 106 a MB 106 b Facilitator EOJatulan LRZamora DSMLutero JLTEsguerra BSHernandez

Please ask your recitation instructors for their respective room number, consultation hours, house rules and other specific requirements.

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Words of Encouragement: Ensuring success 1. Study everyday. Go over what was taken up in the lecture and recitation. 2. Dont let any topic pass you without ensuring full comprehension and understanding. Mathematics is a sequential course. i.e., the topics at a certain level depend on the topics in the lower level. Thus, mastery of lower level concepts is necessary. 3. Dont hesitate to get help whenever you need one. 4. Work in groups. In this way, you wont feel alone and neglected. You will be surprised how much emotional and intellectual support a group can provide. 5. Enjoy the power mathematics can put in your fingertips.