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Overview of SAP
You can use SAP R/3 to manage functional systems in an organization. A firm will have functional systems, such as human resource system, sales and distribution, material management. Each functional system has a collection of business application tools and a set of tables to store the application data. For example, the sales and distribution module has the application tools to prepare billing and sales documents. SAP R/3 uses Advanced Business Application Programming (ABAP) language to develop interactive business applications. All the application tools in SAP R/3 are written in ABAP language. A firm can customize standard business applications by modifying the standard ABAP code and using the modified application for its own specific business requirements.
SAP Basics
Before SAP was introduced to the market, organizations had to approach ERP vendors to buy an ERP package for each functional system. It was difficult to integrate these packages into a centralized system. SAP R/3 provides a centralized control over the functional modules in a system. As a result, it is one of the most popular ERP packages in use in the manufacturing, pharmaceutical, banking, insurance, and transport industries. The Role of ERP in Organizations An organization has an aggregation of resources, such as capital, manpower, machinery, raw materials, and functional systems. The functional systems that constitute an organization are listed in Table 1-1-1: Table 1-1-1: Functional Systems in an Organization Open table as spreadsheet
Functional System Human Resource System Logistic System Sales and Distribution Financial Accounting Control Production Planning Materials Management Quality Management Plant Maintenance Cross Application
Tasks Payroll and employee welfare benefits Production and manufacturing Sale and distribution of finished products General ledger, tax, accounts receivable, and accounts payable Cost elements, cost centers, and profit centers Capacity planning, master production scheduling, and material requirements planning Requisitions, purchase orders, goods receipts, and accounts payable Planning, execution, inspections, and certification Labor, material, down time, and outages Workflow, business information warehouse, workplace, and industry solutions
ERP is a collection of application programs, a software package specifically created to manage, administer, and operate the functional systems of an organization. ERP allows for the exchange of data from one functional system to another and stores application data in a central repository. ERP packages currently available in the market are System Applications and Products (SAP R/3), Peoplesoft 8.0, Oracle HRMS/Financials 8i, BAAN, JD Edwards, and MFG Pro. Advantages of the SAP R/3 ERP Package The advantages of a SAP R/3 ERP package are: Integrates all functional modules to create a centralized system. As a result, application data can be shared between various functional modules. Is customizable to the needs of an organization. Is available in several programming languages. In addition, it provides various translation tools. Translation tools are provided by SAP to convert short text, comments, Note and long texts from a source language to a target language. To access these tools, use the SE63 transaction code. Supports multiple currencies. The ERP package can be customized to conversion and exchange rates specific to a region. Supports Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS), such as Oracle 8.x, Microsoft SQL Server, DB2/Unix, DB2/AS400, and DB2 MVS. Integrates with e-mail applications, third party applications, and B2B sites. Hardware and Software Requirements for a SAP R/3 4.6B System
To run SAP R/3, you need to install Windows NT 4.0 or later version, Sun Solaris 2.7, or Linux 7.0. The minimum hardware requirements for a SAP R/3 system are: Pentium 900 Mhz 60-GB hard disk space 512-MB RAM
Implements internal tables. An internal table provides a snapshot of data at runtime. The table is used to reduce the database access overhead in real-time applications.
Programs developed using ABAP/4 are classified as report programs and dialog programs. Report Programs Report programs process data requests, retrieve data from the database, and present the output in a customized format. Reports are classified into the following types: Classical Reports: Are static reports having no user interaction. Interactive Reports: Involve writing code to generate interactive reports. SAPscripts: Involve generating reports using the SAPscript tool (SE71). Dialog Programs A dialog program consists of the screen, flow logic, and the underlying module pool program. Dialog programming is used to develop interactive Graphical User Interface (GUI) applications, such as a sales invoice form. In a sales invoice application, you can fill the sales invoice information into the appropriate fields on the sales invoice screen and click Create to process and create the sales invoice. Report programs can only retrieve and show data from a database. Dialog Note programs can manipulate records as well as show records from the database. ABAP/4 Workbench SAP provides the ABAP/4 Development Workbench that is used to launch multiple business applications. The development environment of SAP R/3 system is fully integrated into a set of development tools, analysis tools, and a data dictionary. The tools available in ABAP/4 Workbench are listed in Table 1-1-2: Table 1-1-2: ABAP/4 Workbench Development Tools Open table as spreadsheet Tool ABAP/4 Editor Screen Painter ABAP/4 Data Dictionary Menu Painter Data Browser Object Navigator Class Builder Function Builder Use Provides the user interface for programming Enables you to develop GUI-based applications Provides access to ABAP/4 data dictionary objects Enables you to create menus for applications Enables you to browse data in the repository Enables you to navigate through SAP R/3 objects Enables you to develop globally accessible classes Enables you to develop globally accessible subroutines
Transaction Codes You can run a SAP application by using transaction codes. A transaction is a process executed in a R/3 environment. For example, when you open a data dictionary screen,
you execute a transaction. Transaction codes are four letter codes that identify the transaction. Transaction codes are entered in the command box on the SAP menu standard bar. Some frequently used transaction codes are listed in Table 1-1-3: Table 1-1-3: Transaction Codes Open table as spreadsheet Application Name ABAP Workbench Screen Painter Menu Painter ABAP/4 Editor Message Builder Transaction Builder Object Navigator ABAP/4 Data Dictionary Function Builder Class Builder SQL Trace Transaction Code S001 SE51 SE41 SE38 SE91 SE93 SE80 SE11 SE37 SE24 ST05
Naming Conventions for User Defined Objects The names of user-defined objects in SAP begin with the prefix Y or Z. SAP has reserved all other letters for SAP standard objects. For example, the transaction code for the Screen Painter application is SE51. The naming conventions of SAP objects are listed inTable 1-1-4: Table 1-1-4: Naming Conventions Open table as spreadsheet Objects Authorization object Class Data element Development class Domain Function builder Function module Function group Menu Length 4 30 30 30 30 30 26 4 20 User Naming Standards Y* Z* Y* Z** Y* Z* Y* Z* Y* Z* Y_* Z_* Y*Z* XZ* Y* Z*
Table 1-1-4: Naming Conventions Open table as spreadsheet Objects Logical database Message Lock object Pool name/cluster name Length 20 20 16 10 User Naming Standards Y* Z* Y* Z* EY* EZ* Y* Z*
An optimum performance of the SAP application servers, database servers, and SAP processes is essential in a real-time development environment. The efficiency of the entire SAP R/3 system has to be monitored and maintained on a daily basis. To monitor the SAP R/3 system, you need to perform a number of system administration tasks.
SAP Basis
SAP Basis is a collection of programs that can act as middleware between ABAP/4 and the operating system. The collection provides a runtime environment for ABAP programs. SAP R/2 is an ERP package designed for mainframe systems. To take advantage of the client/server model, it was essential during its design to make SAP independent of the hardware used. SAP Basis was introduced to remove the hardware dependency feature of SAP R/2. SAP Basis achieves hardware portability by translating the ABAP/4 code into machine code for the operating system. Some of the Basis administration tasks are listed in Table 1-1-6:
Table 1-1-6: Basis Administration Tasks Open table as spreadsheet Task Client Administration Fine Tuning Back Ground Processing Security in SAP Using Authorizations Function Enables you to create client profiles and allocate appropriate rights Enables you to check the system for optimum performance and perform database tuning tasks Enables you to perform background tasks Implements a security layer to provide and allow appropriate access to crucial data
To monitor the system, navigate to Tools->Administration->Monitor->System Monitoring->Servers. Alternatively, you can use the transaction code SM51. The SAP Servers screen is shown in Figure 1-1-1:
Figure 1-1-1: The SAP Servers Screen The SAP Servers screen gives you statistics of current active instances, processes, and number of users logged onto the SAP system. Checking the System Status To check system status, navigate to System->Status. The System: Status screen is shown in Figure 1-1-2:
Figure 1-1-2: The System: Status Screen The System: Status screen enables you to check system information, such as client details, current user credentials, language, system time, SAP release, database used, and operating system version. Viewing the System Log A system log file records system events. To check the system log, navigate to Tools>Administration->Monitor->System Log. Alternatively, you can use the transaction code SM21. The System Log screen is shown in Figure 1-1-3:
Figure 1-1-3: The System Log Screen In the system log screen, you have the option to specify a range of dates for which you want to view the system log. To view the system log for a specific period, specify the range and click Read in system log. All the system events pertaining to that period are then displayed. Sending a System Message SAP Basis provides a tool to send system messages to all logged on users. To send a system message: 1. Enter transaction code SM02. The System Messages screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-1-4:
Figure 1-1-4: The System Messages Screen 2. Click on Create. A new message is created. 3. Specify the text for the message in the System Message text box and click Send to send the message. A system message is sent to all users by default. You can also select specific Note users by using the System Messages utility.
Figure 1-1-5: ABAP/4 Data Dictionary Screen There are several important features of the ABAP/4 dictionary. The dictionary can: Act as a central repository for all the data definitions. Provide access to data in the ABAP/4 dictionary throughout the SAP R/3 system. Implement data integrity rules and events using concepts, such as primary key, foreign key, and fixed range values.
The data types supported in SAP are listed in Table 1-1-7: Table 1-1-7: Basic Data Types Open table as spreadsheet Abbreviation C N D T X I P F Data Type Character Numeric Date Time Hexadecimal Integer Packed Number Float Size (in bytes) 1 1 8 6 1 4 8 8
Classification of Data
Data can be classified as: Master data: Data used for multiple business transactions. This data is not frequently modified and has to be protected against accidental manipulation. Examples of master data are customer data, vendor data, and material data. Transaction data: Data obtained during transactions with external users. This type of data, such as purchase order, sales enquiry, and sales invoice data, is frequently changed. Control data: Data specific to the organization. This type of data includes company codes, languages, and plant codes.
Internal Tables
To reduce database access time and network traffic, ABAP incorporates the concept of internal tables. When several programs access a database, the programs may accidentally change or delete data in the tables. To avoid this concern, you can use internal tables to fetch only the required records from the database tables. After a program has made the necessary modifications to the data, you can transfer the modified data back to the database tables. Features of Internal Tables The features of internal tables are: Create intermediate objects at runtime. Perform the function of data buffers. Occupy a maximum memory of 2 GB. Require memory allocation at the start of the program. Using an Internal Table To use internal tables in an application: 1. Declare the internal table. 2. Populate the table with database records. 3. Process the records using Open SQL commands. 4. Commit the work to the database tables. 5. Free the memory allocated for the internal table.
Open SQL
SAP supports Open SQL to provide uniform access to relational databases. Open SQL is similar to generic Structured Query Language (SQL) statements, but it has some SAP specific modifications. Some of the commonly used Open SQL commands are select, insert, update, modify, open cursor, fetch, close cursor, commit work, and rollback work. Advantages of Open SQL Some advantages of Open SQL are: Time efficiency: Saves coding time. In programming languages, such as Java and Visual Basic 6.0, you have to write a code snippet to set up a database connection and then test whether the connection is successful. Open SQL can access the database interface by just declaring the tables in the table clause, such as Tables: zemp, zdept. Caching: Increases the performance of the data retrieval process. Caching is a technique used to store data retrieved from database buffers. Frequently used data are directly retrieved from cache instead of the database. As a result, the cache reduces the database access time and minimizes network traffic. Usage Open SQL statements are written within the ABAP/4 program. The code sample given below explains the syntax and usage of an Open SQL statement:
Select * from zask_dept. write:/ zask_dept-no,zask_dept-name. Endselect. The above code retrieves the department numbers and corresponding department names from the department table.
Native SQL
In addition to Open SQL, you can also use Native SQL for database access. Native SQL code snippets are written within the ABAP program. Advantages and Disadvantages of Native SQL Native SQL allows for direct access to tables that are not defined in the ABAP dictionary. For example, tables of an Oracle database, which are not defined in the ABAP data dictionary, can be directly accessed by using Native SQL. Native SQL has the following disadvantages: There is no automatic client handling for client dependent tables. As a result, data stored by Native SQL will be visible to all users. No syntax check is performed on code between EXEC and ENDEXEC. On the execution of the code, you will not be able to know where coding errors are being generated in the Native SQL statements. Usage The code below shows the syntax of a Native SQL block: EXEC SQL[PERFORMING <FORM>] <Native SQL Statement>; ENDEXEC. Native SQL statements are SQL statements specific to any relational Note database in use. For example, the Oracle database has its own set of SQL statements.
Figure 1-1-6: Initial Screen of Repository Information System 2. Select an object type. For example, to search for a table, select ABAP dictionary objects. 3. Click on the Find option. The Find dialog box appears. 4. Specify the search parameters in the Find dialog box and click Execute. The result of the search operation is retrieved in a minimal basic view as well as in an overall view. By default, basic view is enabled. If you want the overall view to be Note shown, navigate to Edit->Overall View.
1. Specify the search parameters. 2. Navigate to Goto->Variant->Save as Variant. 3. Specify a variant name and click Save. The search parameters are then saved as a variant. To use the search parameters after saving them, select the Get Variant option and specify the variant name. All the parameter fields are then filled automatically with the search parameters that you saved earlier.
Environment Analysis
Environment analysis is the process of identifying the external interface of a SAP object. When you are working on a SAPdevelopment project, you may find it necessary to transport your objects from one system to another. The SAP object may require several other objects to function properly. To use such an object, all the linked objects need to be transported. In this case, the environment analysis tool plays a crucial role in developing the simulated environment for the object. The steps to perform an environment analysis to identify the external references for a dictionary object, such as table ZGH are: 1. Open the Repository Information System tool. 2. Place the cursor on the object type you want. 3. Navigate to ABAP Dictionary->Basic Objects->Tables. 4. Select Environment. The Environment Analysis dialog box appears, as shown in Figure 1-1-7:
Figure 1-1-7: The Environment Analysis Dialog Box 5. Specify ZGH as the object name and click Execute. The Environment Analysis for the object starts.
Environment Analysis can be performed in either background or foreground. When the analysis is complete, all external references made by the object, such as foreign key relationships, are listed.
Where-Used Lists
The where-used list is used to determine the location where a R/3 object is used. It is a Repository Information System tool that accepts search parameters of an object as input and shows all the locations where the object is used as output. To use this function, navigate to Utilities->Where-Used list. The where-used List feature is available for any tool in the Workbench environment. To list all the locations where a table XYZ is used: 1. Navigate to Utilities->Where-Used list. The Where-Used List dialog box appears. 2. Specify the type of source object. For example, select data dictionary (table). 3. Specify the table name and click Execute. All locations where the table is used are listed. 4. To navigate to the location where the table is used, select the location object and click Display. The selected program is opened in the ABAP Editor.
Object Navigator
The Object Navigator tool is used to view the SAP R/3 development object repository. To access this tool, use the transaction code SE80. The Object Navigator is shown in Figure 1-1-8:
Figure 1-1-8: Initial Screen of the Object Navigator The components of the Object Navigator are: Object dropdown: Provides a list to select a development object of your choice. The options in the list include packages, programs, and development class. Object list window: Shows all the objects of a particular type. Context menu: Provides a list of functions such as create, display, and change. Tool area: Enables you to load ABAP Workbench tools, such as ABAP Editor, Function Builder, and Class Builder.
Data Browser
The Data Browser is used to view, create, and update data entries in a table. It is loaded using the transaction code SE16. The browser lists all key and non-key fields of a table. The Data Browser screen is shown in Figure 1-1-9:
Figure 1-1-9: Data Browser The functions of the Data Browser are: Enables you to view all the records in a table. You have to specify the table name. Data Browser shows all the records in an output list. Enables you to modify the records in a table. While creating the table, if you have selected the Allow Table Maintenance option, you can change or update the contents of the table. Enables you to check foreign key relationships. To check the foreign key relationship: 1. Open the table that has the foreign key. 2. Select the foreign key field. 3. Navigate to Environment->Check Table. The corresponding check table element will appear. Foreign keys exist in a child table, and the corresponding definition Note exists in the parent or check table.
Screen Painter
A graphical user interface (GUI) gives a user-friendly image to an application. GUI or the screen is used to hide the complexity of the underlying application. SAP provides the Screen Painter tool to develop screen-based applications. You can use Screen Painter to design the screen and write the flow logic behind the screen. Screens are sometimes referred to as dynpros, a short form for dynamic programs.
Dialog Programming
The screen-based applications developed using Screen Painter involve dialog programming. A dialog program consists of screens, screen flow logic, and a module pool program. Screen The main visual component of a dialog program is known as a screen. The screen renders the interface for the application. Screens are used to take user input and to display processed results. A dialog program must contain a minimum of one screen. For example, a user verification screen has two text fields for username and password. The screen also has a button control that starts the process of verification after accepting input from the user.
Screen Flow Logic Screen flow logic decides the logical sequence of the screens to be loaded. It contains the complete logic behind the dialog program. The two important events or processes in flow logic are Process Before Output (PBO) and Process After Input (PAI). A PBO event is called before the screen is loaded. Each screen has its own PBO. Appropriate user-defined code is triggered on this event. An example of a PBO event is initialization of all the field values on a screen. The PAI event is called after the user has specified the input. For example, if you specify a username and password in the user verification screen and then click Verify, the PAI event is triggered. Module Pool Program The ABAP module program contains the working code for the PBO and PAI processes. Module pool programs contain the program modules that are created in ABAP/4 Editor. In a dialog program, each screen has a screen flow logic. When a dialog program is executed, the screen calls the flow logic. The flow logic in turn calls the appropriate code from the module pool program.
Figure 1-1-10: The Initial Screen of Screen Painter The user options available in Screen Painter are listed in Table 1-1-8: Table 1-1-8: User Options on the Initial Screen of the Screen Painter Open table as spreadsheet Function Name Create Display Description Enables you to create a completely new screen Enables you to open an existing screen in a display mode
Table 1-1-8: User Options on the Initial Screen of the Screen Painter Open table as spreadsheet Function Name Change Test Description Enables you to modify an existing screen Enables you to test a newly created screen
The sub-component options of the Screen Painter initial screen are described in Table 1-1-9: Table 1-1-9: Sub-Component Options on the Initial Screen Open table as spreadsheet SubComponents Layout editor Screen attributes Flow logic Elements list Description Enables you to create and maintain a screen's layout using the Graphical Layout Editor Enables you to create and maintain the attributes of a screen Enables you to create and maintain flow logic using Flow Logic Editor Enables you to display a list of elements that can be used on the screen
Figure 1-1-11: Graphical Layout Editor Screen Elements The toolbox or the palette has various screen elements that are used to design the screen. Some important screen elements are: Text fields: Enable you to label other elements. Text fields have a static position on the screen. They can contain alphanumeric text and icon images. Input/Output fields: Accept the input and show the output. In addition, you can use these fields as a drop-down list box. Check boxes: Enable you to select a choice from multiple choices provided as check boxes. Multiple check boxes are assigned to a single group, allowing only a single check box to be selected. However, multiple check boxes can also be selected in a single attempt. Radio buttons: Enable you to select the choice from multiple options available. Pushbuttons: Perform a specific task when clicked. Each pushbutton is associated with a function code. Boxes: Enable encapsulation of screen elements. A frame-like structure is used as a container. A header can be specified for a box. Tab strip controls: Enable creation of a multiple page application. A single page can be considered to have a single screen. Table controls: Enable listing of data from an internal table or a database table in a grid format. Subscreen area: Enables you to load subscreens during program execution. This area cannot contain any other screen elements. You can create a subscreen using the Screen Painter tool. Status icon: Shows an icon during program execution. Specific icons are shown to indicate different status in an application. Dictionary and Program Fields
You can create fields on a screen that are linked to a data dictionary table field. You can also directly show record values from the database. Dictionary and program fields provide an interface of screen elements with the database. The screen elements are initialized and loaded with values from a dictionary table before the execution of the program begins. To use a dictionary and program field: 1. Click on the Dict/Prog button in the Graphical Layout Editor screen. The Dict/Prog dialog box appears. 2. Specify a table name and click Get from the dictionary. All the fields of the table appear. 3. Select the fields you need to use in your application and click on Continue. Drag the selected fields to the appropriate position on the screen. All the fields are placed in a specified position. When the program is run, the field value is shown in the corresponding field on the screen.
This code declares the input/output text field element txtMessage. 12. In the module user_command_0100, specify the following code: 13. 14. Case sy-ucomm. 15. When GREET. 16. txtMessage = Hello SAP. 17. EndCase. sy-ucomm is a system variable that stores the function codes of the Note pushbuttons. Using a case statement, the value is tested for function code GREET of the pushbutton. 18. Save and activate the code. 19. Click the Back button on the standard toolbar to return to the flow logic editor. The application is now ready. The application is ready. When you click the Execute button on the application toolbar to run the dialog program, the application displays the message Hello SAP in the text field.
Menu Painter
The functions of a SAP R/3 application are classified into various categories. In R/3 systems, you can categorize and arrange functions using the Menu Painter tool. You can access the Menu Painter tool using the SE41 transaction code.
Understanding Menus
Every ABAP Workbench tool has its own menu. A user-defined screen can have standard SAP menu components as well as a menu designed by the user. A typical menu inSAP is shown in Figure 1-1-12:
Figure 1-1-12: A Sample Menu As shown in Figure 1-1-12, the components of the menu are: Menu toolbar: Contains menu items, such as dictionary object, Edit, Goto, and Utilities. Application toolbar: Contains buttons with icons associated with them. Each button performs a unique function. Title bar: Shows the title of the screen. Titles are user-defined.
Standard toolbar: Provides functions, such as execute, cancel, print, find, back, and so on. A standard toolbar is available on any standard and non-standard screen. Function keys: Enable you to use shortcut keys in your application. You can assign a key or combination of keys to a specific function.
Figure 1-1-13: Initial Screen of Menu Painter The components in the initial screen are listed in Table 1-1-10: Table 1-1-10: Components of the Menu Painter Open table as spreadsheet Component Status list Status Menu Bars Menu List Task Enables you to view the status of GUI for current program Shows the Menu Painter work area Enable you to view the list of all menu bars Enables you to view the list of all menus
Table 1-1-10: Components of the Menu Painter Open table as spreadsheet Component Function List Title List Task Enables you to view the list of all function codes Enables you to view the list of all GUI titles
F12 Cancel Recommended function keys: Are recommended by SAP for specific operations. Freely assigned function keys: Are used to assign function keys to the function code of your choice.
Related Topic
For related information on this topic, you can refer to the Enterprise Reporting for SAP R/3 ReferencePoint.
The Financial Accounting (FI) module is an application module of SAP R/3 used to maintain balance sheets and ledgers. The FI module is interlinked with other modules, such as Sales and Distribution, Controlling, and Materials Management. When a business transaction is completed, documents are prepared and the databases are updated. For example, if the company buys an asset, the asset account must be updated using the FI module. This ReferencePoint provides an overview of the advantages of the FI module. It also discusses the types of documents that can be generated using this module and the methods to generate these documents.
The Financial Accounting node has various subnodes, such as General Ledger, Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable, Banks, and Fixed Assets.
Figure 1-2-2: The Expanded General Ledger Node 2. Double-click the appropriate subnode. The General Ledger node has various subnodes, such as Document entry, Document, Account, Master records, Periodic processing, and Reporting.
Figure 1-2-3: The G/L account posting Screen To post a cash journal: 1. Double-click the Cash journal posting option of the expanded Document entry node. The Cash Journal screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-4:
Figure 1-2-4: The Cash Journal Screen 2. Specify the required information, such as the number of business transaction. 3. Click the Post button. The accounts are posted to a general ledger. A document may be completed and posted later. These documents are said to be parked. To park documents: 1. Double-click the Park document option of the expanded Document entry node. The Park Document: Document Header screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-25:
Figure 1-2-5: The Park Document: Document Header Screen 2. Specify the required information. 3. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button. The Park Document: Enter G/L Account Item screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-6:
Figure 1-2-6: The Park Document: Enter G/L Account Item Screen 4. Specify the required information in fields, such as Amount. 5. Click the Save button. To post documents with zero balance amount or to post documents with clearing: 1. Double-click the Post with clearing option. The Post with Clearing: Header Data screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-7:
Figure 1-2-7: The Post with Clearing: Header Data Screen 2. Specify the required information in fields, such as Document date. 3. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button. The Post with Clearing: Add G/L account item screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-8:
Figure 1-2-8: The Post with Clearing: Add G/L account item Screen 4. Specify the required information in fields, such as Profit center. 5. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button. The Post with Clearing: Display Overview screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-9:
Figure 1-2-9: The Post with Clearing: Display Overview Screen 6. Click the Save button. To post an incoming payment document: 1. Expand the Document entry node and double-click the Incoming payment option. The Post Incoming Payments: Header Data screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-10:
Figure 1-2-10: The Post Incoming Payments: Header Data Screen 2. Specify the required information, such as account number and account type. 3. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button. The Post Incoming Payments: Display Overview screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-11:
Figure 1-2-11: The Post Incoming Payments: Display Overview Screen 4. Specify the required information in fields, such as Account. 5. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button. The Post Incoming Payments: Add G/L account item screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-12:
Figure 1-2-12: The Post Incoming Payments: Add G/L account item Screen 6. Specify the required information in fields, such as Amount. 7. Click the Save button. To post an outgoing payment document: 1. Double-click the Outgoing Payment option. The Post Outgoing Payments: Header Data screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-13:
Figure 1-2-13: The Post Outgoing Payments: Header Data Screen 2. Specify the required information. 3. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button. The Post Outgoing Payments: Process open items screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-14:
Figure 1-2-14: The Post Outgoing Payments: Process open items Screen 4. Click the Save button. To post documents about foreign currency: 1. Double-click the Valuate foreign currency option of the expanded Document entry node. The Post Foreign Currency Valuati: Header Data screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-15:
Figure 1-2-15: The Post Foreign Currency Valuati: Header Data Screen 2. Specify the required information in fields, such as the Company code. 3. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button. The Post Foreign currency Valuati: Add G/L account item screen appears. 4. Specify the required information in fields, such as Amount. 5. Click the Save button. The Post Foreign Currency Valuati: Display Overview screen appears.
1. Double-click the Change option. The Change Document: Initial Screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-16:
Figure 1-2-16: The Change Document: Initial Screen 2. In the Change Document: Initial Screen, specify the required information. 3. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button. The Document Overview screen appears. 4. Click the line item to be changed. The Change Document: Line Item screen appears. 5. Change the required information. 6. Click the Save button to store the record in the database.
This node is used to maintain information about documents, such as balance sheets. To display balances: 1. Double-click the Display balances option of the Account node. The G/L Account Balance Display screen appears. 2. In the G/L Account Balance Display screen, specify the information, such as the G/L account number. 3. Click the Execute button. The G/L Account Balance Display screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-17:
This node is used to maintain the records in the master database, such as the database of G/L account. To update master database: 1. Double-click the Individual processing subnode of the Master records node to display various options. 2. Double-click the Centrally option of the Individual processing node. The Edit G/L Account Centrally screen appears. 3. Change the document as per your requirements. 4. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button. The Chart of accounts option is used for editing the chart of accounts of a company. To edit a chart of account document: 1. Double-click the Individual processing subnode of the Master records node to display various options. 2. Double-click the Chart of accounts option of the Individual processing node. The Edit G/L Account Chart of accts data screen appears. 3. In the Edit G/L Account Chart of accts data screen, edit information according to your requirement. 4. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button. The Display G/L Account Chart of accts data screen appears.
Figure 1-2-18: The G/L Account Interest Scale Screen 3. In the G/L Account Interest Scale screen, specify the required information. 4. Click the Execute button. A report showing the G/L Account Interest Scale appears.
Figure 1-2-19: The General Subnode of the Tax Reports Node To view reports: 1. Double-click the General subnode of the Reporting node. The various options are displayed. 2. Double-click the Advance return for tax on sales/purchases subnode of the General node. The various options are displayed. 3. Double-click the Advance return for tax on sales/purchases option. The Advance Return for Tax on Sales/Purchases screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-20:
Figure 1-2-20: The Advance Return for Tax on Sales/Purchases Screen 4. In the Advance Return for Tax on Sales/Purchases screen, specify the required information. 5. Click the Execute button. The Tax on sls/purch. Adv. Ret. screen appears.
This node is used to maintain information about documents, such as invoices and credit memos. To create a customer invoice: 1. Double-click the Invoice option of the Document entry node. The Customer invoice Enter screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-21:
Figure 1-2-21: The Customer invoice Enter Screen 2. In the Customer invoice Enter Screen, specify the required information, such as the customer number. 3. Click the Save button. The Customer invoice Enter screen appears, with a message on the status bar indicating you have successfully posted the document in the specific company code. To create a credit memo:
1. Double-click the Credit memo option of the Document entry node. The Customer credit memo Enter screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-22:
Figure 1-2-22: The Customer credit memo Enter Screen 2. In the Customer credit memo Enter screen, specify the required information. 3. Click the Save button. A message appears in the status bar, stating that the document is posted in your company code. To park a document, such as an Invoice: 1. Double-click the Park Invoice option of the Document entry node. The Park Document: Document Header screen appears, as shown inFigure 1-2-23:
Figure 1-2-23: The Park Document: Document Header Screen 2. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button. The Park Document: Enter G/L Account Item screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-24:
Figure 1-2-24: The Park Document: Enter G/L Account Item Screen 3. In the Park Document: Enter G/L Account Item screen, specify the required information. 4. Click the Save button. The document is saved. 5. Click the Cancel button to display the Park Document: Overview screen, as shown in Figure 1-2-25:
Figure 1-2-25: The Park Document: Overview Screen 6. Double-click the Payment fast entry button. The Incoming Payments Fast Entry: Header Data screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-26:
Figure 1-2-26: The Incoming Payments Fast Entry: Header Data Screen 7. In the Incoming Payments Fast Entry: Header Data screen, specify the required information. 8. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button. The Incoming Payments Fast Entry screen appears with a message on the status bar stating, Entries are saved, as shown in Figure 1-2-27:
Figure 1-2-27: The Incoming Payments Fast Entry: Screen 9. In the Incoming Payments Fast Entry Screen, specify the required information. 10. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button. The Incoming Payments Fast entry: Process open items screen appears, as shown inFigure 1-2-28:
Figure 1-2-28: The Incoming Payments Fast Entry: Process open items Screen 11. Click the Cancel button, the Incoming Payments Fast Entry: Display Overview screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-29:
Figure 1-2-29: The Incoming Payments Fast Entry: Display Overview Screen To create a payment advice document: 1. Double-click the Payment advice subnode of the Document entry node. The expanded Payment advice subnode is displayed. 2. Double-click the Create option of the Payment advice node. The Create Payment Advice: Initial screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-30:
Figure 1-2-30: The Create Payment Advice: Initial Screen 3. Specify the required information in fields, such as Account type. 4. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button. The Create Payment Advice: Header Data screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-31:
Figure 1-2-31: The Create Payment Advice: Header Data Screen 5. Specify the required information. 6. Click the Save button. To create a down payment document: 1. Double-click the Down payment subnode of the Document entry node. The options of the Down payment node, such as Request, Down payment, and Clearing are displayed. 2. Double-click the Down payment option. The Post Customer Down Payment: Header Data screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-32:
Figure 1-2-32: The Post Customer Down Payment: Header Data Screen 3. Specify the required information, such as account number. 4. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button. To create a Bill of Exchange document: 1. Double-click the Bill of exchange subnode of the Document entry node. 2. Double-click the Request option to display the Enter Bill of Exchange Pmnt R: Header Data screen, as shown in Figure 1-2-33:
Figure 1-2-33: The Enter Bill of Exchange Pmnt R: Header Data Screen 3. Specify the required information, such as account number. 4. Click the Save button.
Figure 1-2-34: The Change Document: Initial Screen 2. Specify the required information. 3. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button. The Document Overview screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-35:
Figure 1-2-35: The Document Overview Screen You can revoke or reverse the information that has been added in the database. To change a reverse document: 1. Double-click the Reverse Document subnode of the Document node to display the options. 2. Double-click the Individual reversal option. The Reverse Document: Header Data screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-36:
Figure 1-2-36: The Reverse Document: Header Data Screen 3. Specify the required information. 4. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button. The Reverse Document: Display Overview screen appears. To post a parked document of the accounts receivable option: 1. Double-click the Parked documents subnode of the Document node to display the various options. 2. Double-click the Post/delete option of the Parked documents subnode. The Post Parked Document: Initial Screen appears, as shown inFigure 1-2-37:
Figure 1-2-37: The Post Parked Document: Initial Screen 3. Specify the required information, such as Document number. 4. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button. The Document Overview screen appears, showing the information pertaining to the specific document. To change a document about a Cross-CC transaction: 1. Double-click the Cross-CC transaction subnode of the Document node to display the options available. 2. Double-click the Change option. The Change Transaction: Initial Screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-38:
Figure 1-2-38: The Change Transaction: Initial Screen 3. Specify the information, such as Cross-CC number in the Cross-CC no. text box. 4. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button.
Figure 1-2-39: The Customer Balance Display Screen 2. In the Customer Balance Display screen, specify the required information in fields, such as Customer. 3. Click the Execute button. The Customer Balance Display screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-40:
Figure 1-2-40: The Customer Balance Display Screen To clear a customer balance document: 1. Double-click the Clear option of the Account node to display the Clear Customer: Header Data screen, as shown in Figure 1-2-41:
Figure 1-2-41: The Clear Customer: Header Data Screen 2. In the Clear Customer: Header Data screen, specify the required information, such as the account number of the customer. 3. Save data by clicking the Save button. The Clear Customer: Process open items screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-42:
Figure 1-2-42: The Clear Customer: Process open items Screen 4. Click the Cancel button. The Clear Customer: Display Overview screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-43:
Figure 1-2-44: The Create Customer: Initial Screen 3. In the Create Customer: Initial Screen, specify the required information, such as Account group. 4. Click the Enter key or the ENTER button. The Create Customer: General data screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-45:
Figure 1-2-45: The Create Customer: General data Screen 5. In the Create Customer: General data screen, specify the required information, such as name of the customer and street address. 6. Click the Save button to display the Create Customer: Company code data screen, as shown in Figure 1-2-46:
Figure 1-2-46: The Create Customer: Company code data Screen 7. In the Create Customer: Company code data screen, specify the required information, such as the reconciliation account number and the cash management group number. 8. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button. The Create Customer: Initial Screen appears with a message in the status bar indicating you have successfully created the customer record.
the General Ledgers. This node has various subnodes, such as Document entry, Document, and Account.
Figure 1-2-47: The Vendor Invoice Enter Screen 2. In the Vendor Invoice Enter screen, specify the required information, such as the vendor number, the invoice date, and the amount.
3. Click the Simulate button. To create a credit memo document: 1. Double-click the Credit memo option. The Vendor credit memo Enter screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-48:
Figure 1-2-48: The Vendor credit memo Enter Screen 2. In the Vendor credit memo Enter screen, specify the required information. 3. Click the Save button.
1. Double-click the Document node. The various subnodes, such as Change are displayed. 2. Double-click the Change option to open the Change Document: Initial Screen. 3. In the Change Document: Initial Screen, specify the information, such as company code and fiscal year. The Document Overview screen appears. The Document Overview screen displays information about the specific document number. To create a reverse statistical posting document: 1. Double-click the Special G/L trans. subnode of the Document node. The options, such as Reverse statistical posting, are displayed. 2. Double-click the Reverse statistical posting option, the Reverse Statistical Posting: Header Data screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-49:
Figure 1-2-49: The Reverse Statistical Posting: Header Data Screen 3. In the Reverse Statistical Posting: Header Data screen, specify the required information, such as the company code, the currency, and the general ledger number. 4. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button.
2. Double-click the Display balances option. The Vendor Balance Display screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-50:
Figure 1-2-50: The Vendor Balance Display Screen 3. In the Vendor Balance Display screen, specify the required information. 4. Click the Execute button. A report displaying the various balances of the vendor appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-51:
Figure 1-2-51: The Vendor Balance Display Screen Showing Balance Report
Figure 1-2-52: The Create Vendor: Initial Screen 3. In the Create Vendor: Initial Screen, specify the required information, such as the vendor number and the account group. 4. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button. The Create Vendor: Address screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-53:
Figure 1-2-53: The Create Vendor: Address Screen 5. In the Create Vendor: Address screen, specify the required information, such as the vendor name and the country name. 6. Click the Save button. The Create Vendor: Control screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-54:
Figure 1-2-54: The Create Vendor: Control Screen 7. In the Create Vendor: Control screen, specify the required information, such as the industry number. 8. Click the Save button. The Create Vendor: Accounting information Accounting screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-55:
Figure 1-2-55: The Create Vendor: Accounting information Accounting Screen 9. In the Create Vendor: Accounting information Accounting screen, specify the required information, such as the reconciliation number and the cash management group. 10. Click the Save button. The Create Vendor: Payment transactions Accounting screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-56:
Figure 1-2-56: The Create Vendor: Payment transactions Accounting Screen 11. In the Create Vendor: Accounting information Accounting screen, specify the required information, such as the payment methods. 12. Click the Save button. The Create Vendor: Initial Screen appears with a message in the status bar indicating you have successfully created the vendor record. The options for changing, displaying, blocking, and deleting a vendor record are available in Master records node.
This node is used to maintain information about a bank, used by the company, when a transaction is performed. To create a cash journal: 1. Double-click the Banks node to display the various subnodes, such as Input. 2. Double-click the Input subnode to display the Cash journal option. 3. Double-click the Cash journal option. The Cash Journal screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-57:
Figure 1-2-57: The Cash Journal Screen The Banks node has various subnodes, such as Master data node. The Master data node is used to create and maintain information about the bank used by the company. To create a document about the bank: 1. Double-click the Master data node to display the various subnodes.
2. Double-click the Bank master record subnode of the Master data node. The options are displayed. 3. Double-click the Create option. The Create bank: Initial screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-58:
Figure 1-2-58: The Create bank: Initial Screen 4. In the Create bank: Initial screen, specify the required information, such as the bank and the country names. 5. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button. The Create bank: Detail screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-59:
Figure 1-2-59: The Create bank: Detail Screen 6. Click the Save button. The Create bank: Initial screen appears, with a message in the status bar indicating you have successfully created the bank record. You can change, display, set delete flag, and transfer bank data using the various options of this subnode.
2. Double-click the Asset node to display its various subnodes. 3. Double-click the Create subnode of the Asset node to display the various options. 4. Double-click the Asset option. The Create Asset: Initial screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-60:
Figure 1-2-60: The Create Asset: Initial Screen 5. In the Create Asset: Initial screen, specify the required information in the field, such as the Asset class. 6. Press the Enter key or click the ENTER button. The Create Asset: Master Data screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-2-61:
Figure 1-2-61: The Create Asset: Master data Screen 7. In the Create Asset: Master data screen, specify the required information. 8. Click the Save button. The Create Asset: Initial screen appears with a message in the status bar indicating you have successfully created the asset record. The options Change, Display, and Delete are also available.
Related Topics
For related information on this topic, you can refer to: Getting started with SAP R/3 The SD Sales and Distribution Module
This node is used to maintain detailed information about cost element and cost centers. Double-click it to access its subnodes, such as Master data, Planning, and Actual postings.
Figure 1-3-2: The Create Cost Element: Initial Screen 5. In the Create Cost Element: Initial screen, specify the required information, such as the number of the cost element. 6. Click the ENTER button. The Create Cost Element: Basic screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-3-3:
Figure 1-3-3: The Create Cost Element: Basic Screen 7. In the Create Cost Element: Basic screen, specify the required information. 8. Click the Save button. The Create Cost Element: Initial screen appears, with a message on the status bar stating that the cost element document has been successfully created. The Cost element group Node This node is used to maintain information about groups of cost elements. Options to create, change, and display information about cost element groups are available in this node. To create a cost element group:
1. Double-click the Master data node. 2. Double-click the Cost element group node to view the available options. 3. Double-click the Create option. The Create Cost element group: Initial Screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-3-4:
Figure 1-3-4: The Create Cost element group: Initial Screen 4. In the Create Cost element group: Initial Screen, specify the required information. 5. Click the ENTER button. The Create Cost element group: Structure screen appears. 6. In the Create Cost element group: Structure screen, specify the required information. 7. Click the Save button.
The Accrual order Node This node is used to maintain information about the accrual orders. Options to create, change, and display accrual orders are available in this node. To create an accrual order: 1. Double-click the Accrual order node to view the available options. 2. Double-click the Create option. The Create Internal Order: Initial Screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-3-5:
Figure 1-3-5: The Create Internal Order: Initial Screen 3. In the Create Internal Order: Initial Screen, specify the required information in fields, such as Order type. 4. Click the ENTER button. The Create Internal Order: Master data screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-3-6:
Figure 1-3-6: The Create Internal Order: Master data Screen 5. In the Create Internal Order: Master data screen, specify the required information in fields, such as Company code, Profit center, and Currency. 6. Click the Save button. The Create Internal Order: Initial Screen appears, with a message in the status bar stating that the specified order document has been successfully created.
2. Double-click the Accrual Calculation option. The Plan Accrual Calculation for Cost Centers screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-3-7:
Figure 1-3-7: The Plan Accrual Calculation for Cost Centers Screen 3. In the Plan Accrual Calculation for Cost Centers screen, specify the required information. 4. Click the Execute button.
The Manual reposting of costs Node This node is used to correct documents that have incorrect postings. Options to display and reverse documents are also available in this node. To create a document for manual reposting of costs: 1. Double-click the Actual postings node to view its subnodes. 2. Double-click the Manual reposting of costs subnode to view the available options. 3. Double-click the Enter option. The Enter Manual Repostings of Primary Costs screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-3-8:
Figure 1-3-8: The Enter Manual Repostings of Primary Costs Screen 4. In the Enter Manual Repostings of Primary Costs screen, specify the required information. 5. Click the Save button.
The Manual reposting of revenues Node This node contains options to reverse and display information about manual reposting of revenues. To manually repost revenues: 1. Double-click the Manual reposting of revenues node to view the available options. 2. Double-click the Enter option. The Enter Manual Repostings of Revenues screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-3-9:
Figure 1-3-9: The Enter Manual Repostings of Revenues Screen 3. In the Enter Manual Repostings of Revenues screen, specify the required information. 4. Click the Save button.
The Repost line items Node This node provides options to display and reverse documents for reposting line items. To repost line items: 1. Double-click the Repost line items node to view the available options. 2. Double-click the Enter option. The Enter Line Item Repostings: Document Row Selection screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-3-10:
Figure 1-3-10: The Enter Line Item Repostings: Document Row Selection Screen 3. In the Enter Line Item Repostings: Document Row Selection screen, specify the required information. 4. Click the Execute button. The Enter Reposting of Line Items: List screen appears.
5. In the Enter Reposting of Line Items: List screen, specify the required information. 6. Click the Post button or press the Ctrl and S key. The Enter Line Item Repostings: Document Row Selection screen appears with a message in the status bar stating that the document has been posted.
Figure 1-3-11: The Standard hierarchy for cost centers Change Screen 3. In the Standard hierarchy for cost centers Change screen, make the required changes. 4. Click the Save button. The Cost center Node This node is used to maintain information about cost centers. It contains option to create, change, display, and delete cost center documents. To create a document to store information about a cost center: 1. Double-click the Cost center node to view the subnodes. 2. Double-click the Individual processing node to view the available options.
3. Double-click the Create option. The Create Cost Center: Initial screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-3-12:
Figure 1-3-12: The Create Cost Center: Initial Screen 4. In the Create Cost Center: Initial screen, specify the required information in fields, such as Cost center. 5. Click the ENTER button or press the Enter key. The Create Cost Center: Basic screen appears. 6. In the Create Cost Center: Basic screen, specify the required information. 7. Click the Save button. The Create Cost Center: Initial screen appears, with a message in the status bar stating that the specified cost center document has been successfully created.
The Activity type Node This node is used to maintain information about the activity types that are available in the CO module. The activity types are the tasks performed by a cost center. This node contains options to create, change, display, and delete documents about an activity type. To create an activity type document: 1. Double-click the Activity type node to view the subnodes. 2. Double-click the Individual processing subnode to view the available options. 3. Double-click the Create option of the Individual processing node. The Create Activity Type: Initial screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-3-13:
Figure 1-3-13: The Create Activity Type: Initial Screen 4. In the Create Activity Type: Initial screen, specify the required information.
5. Click the ENTER button or press the Enter key. The Create Activity Type: Basic Screen appears. 6. In the Create Activity Type: Basic Screen, specify the required information. 7. Click the Save button. The Create Activity Type: Initial screen appears with a message in the status bar stating that the activity type document has been successfully created. The Statistical key figures Node This node is used to maintain the documents about the statistical values of cost centers, profit centers, and orders. To create a statistical key figure document: 1. Double-click the Statistical key figures node to view the subnodes. 2. Double-click the Individual processing subnode to show the available options. 3. Double-click the Create option. The Create Statistical Key Figure: Initial screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-3-14:
Figure 1-3-14: The Create Statistical Key Figure: Initial Screen 4. In the Create Statistical Key Figure: Initial screen, specify the required information, such as number of the statistical key figure. 5. Click the ENTER button. The Create Statistical Key Figure: Master data screen appears. 6. In the Create Statistical Key Figure: Master data screen, specify the required information. 7. Click the Save button. The Create Statistical Key Figure: Initial screen appears with a message in the status bar indicating that the data is saved in the master databases.
This node is used to store and maintain documents about the planning layouts. It has various subnodes, such as Cost and activity inputs, Activity output/prices, and Cost center budget. The Cost and activity inputs Node This node is used to maintain documents on the cost and activity input planning layouts. You can display the planning layout for a cost element or activity input using the Display option of this node. To change a document: 1. Double-click the Cost and activity inputs node to view the available options. 2. Double-click the Change option. The Change Cost Element/Activity Input Planning: Initial screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-3-15:
Figure 1-3-15: The Change Cost Element/Activity Input Planning: Initial Screen
3. In the Change Cost Element/Activity Input Planning: Initial screen, specify the required information. The Activity output/prices Node This node is used to store and maintain records about the planning credit layouts of cost centers. You can use the Display option to view the planning layout for an activity type or price. To change an activity output document: 1. Double-click the Activity output/prices node to view the available options. 2. Double-click the Change option. The Change Activity Type/Price Planning: Initial screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-3-16:
3. In the Change Activity Type/Price Planning: Initial screen, specify the required information. The Cost center budget Node This node is used to store and maintain documents about the budget allocation of cost centers. You can use the Display option to view the current budget-planning document. To change a document: 1. Double-click the Cost center budget node to view the options. 2. Double-click the Change option. The Change Budget Planning: Initial Screen appears. 3. In the Change Budget Planning: Initial Screen, specify the required information. 4. Click the ENTER button. The Change Budget Planning: Period Overview screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-3-17:
Figure 1-3-17: The Change Budget Planning: Period Overview Screen 5. In the Change Budget Planning: Period Overview screen, edit the information according to your requirement. 6. Click the Save button. The Change Budget Planning: Initial Screen appears with a message in the status bar indicating that data has been saved.
3. Double-click the Periodic reposting subnode. The Execute Actual periodic repostings: Initial Screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-3-18:
Figure 1-3-18: The Execute Actual periodic repostings: Initial Screen 4. In the Execute Actual periodic repostings: Initial Screen, specify the required information. 5. Click the Execute button.
This node is used to maintain information about the planning layouts of manufactured and sold products. Its subnodes include Material Costing, and Reference and Simulation Costing. The Material Costing Node This node is used to store and manage information pertaining to the costs of materials. To edit a document on costing runs: 1. Double-click the Material Costing node to view the available subnodes and options. 2. Double-click the Edit Costing Run option. The Edit Costing Run screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-3-19:
3. In the Edit Costing Run screen, specify the required information. 4. Click the ENTER button. The Edit Costing Run screen reappears, displaying the information on costing runs, as shown in Figure 1-3-20:
Figure 1-3-20: The Edit Costing Run Screen With Costing Run Information 5. In the Edit Costing Run screen, click the appropriate row and make the required changes. The Reference and Simulation Costing Node This node is used to maintain information about the base planning objects. Base planning objects are used for calculating the cost associated with other components. Options to create, change, display, and revaluate the base planning objects are available in this node. To create a base planning object:
1. Double-click the Reference and Simulation Costing node to view the available options. 2. Double-click the Create Base Planning Object option. The Create Base Planning Object: Initial Screen appears. 3. In the Create Base Planning Object: Initial Screen, specify the required information in fields, such as Base planning object. 4. Click the ENTER button. The Create Base Planning Object: Master Data screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-3-21:
Figure 1-3-21: The Create Base Planning Object: Master Data Screen 5. In the Create Base Planning Object: Master Data screen, specify the information, such as company code.
6. Click the Save button. The Create Base Planning Object: Initial Screen appears, with a message in the status bar indicating that the information about the specific base planning object has been saved.
Figure 1-3-22: The Overview of CO Production Orders/Product Cost Collectors Screen 5. In the Overview of CO Production Orders/Product Cost Collectors screen, specify the required information. 6. Click the Execute button. The Product Cost by Order Node This node is used to record information about the costs of products according to orders. Options to change and display information about the costs of products are available in this node. To create a CO production order: 1. Double-click the Product Cost by Order node to view the subnodes. 2. Double-click the Order subnode.
3. Double-click the CO Production Order subnode. 4. Double-click the Create option. The Create CO Production Order: Initial Screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-3-23:
Figure 1-3-23: The Create CO Production Order: Initial Screen 5. In the Create CO Production Order: Initial Screen, specify the required information. 6. Click the ENTER button. The Create CO Production Order: Master data screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-3-24:
Figure 1-3-24: The Create CO Production Order: Master data Screen 7. In the Create CO Production Order: Master data screen, specify the required information. 8. Click the Save button. The Create CO Production Order: Initial Screen appears, with a message in the status bar stating that the specific order document has been successfully created.
Figure 1-3-25: The Create Profit Center: Initial Screen 4. In the Create Profit Center: Initial Screen, specify the required information. 5. Click the ENTER button. The Create Profit Center: Basic Screen appears. 6. In the Create Profit Center: Basic Screen, specify the required information, such as profit center group. 7. Click the Save button. The Create Profit Center: Initial Screen appears, with a message in the status bar indicating that the specified profit center document has been successfully created. The Revenue/Cost Elements Node
This node is used to store and maintain information about the revenue and the cost elements. Options to create, change, and display information of cost elements are available in this node. To create a cost element: 1. Double-click the Revenue/Cost Elements node to view the available options. 2. Double-click the Create Primary option of the Revenue/Cost Elements node. The Create Cost Element: Initial screen appears. 3. In the Create Cost Element: Initial screen, specify the required information. 4. Click the Enter button. The Create Cost Element: Basic screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-3-26:
Figure 1-3-26: The Create Cost Element: Basic Screen 5. In the Create Cost Element: Basic screen, specify the required information in fields, such as Name.
6. Click the Save button. The Create Cost Element: Initial screen appears, with a message in the status bar stating that the specified cost element document has been created.
Figure 1-3-27: The Profit Center Accounting: Transfer Payables/Receivables Screen 4. In the Profit Center Accounting: Transfer Payables/Receivables screen, select the row that contains the information of the profit center for which you need to transfer payables. 5. Click the Execute button. The SAP R/3 screen appears. The status bar of this screen shows a message indicating that the test run for the company code is successful. Figure 1-3-28 shows the SAP R/3 screen with the message on the status bar:
Figure 1-3-28: The SAP R/3 Screen To determine the carry forward of the balances:
1. Double-click the Actual Postings node. 2. Double-click the Period-End Closing subnode. 3. Double-click the Carrying Forward of Balances option. The Profit center: Carry forward actual balance screen appears. 4. In the Profit center: Carry forward actual balance screen, specify the required information, such as company code. 5. Click the Execute button. The Balance Carry ForwarLedger 8A for the year 2002 Test run screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-3-29:
Figure 1-3-29: The Balance Carry ForwarLedger 8A for the year 2002 Test run Screen
Related Topics
For related information on this topic, you can refer to: Getting Started With SAP R/3 The SD Sales and Distribution Module The FI Financial Accounting Module
Manages the data about sales activities Updates the shipment and transportation information Manages the billing documents, such as invoices Maintains the credit management information Updates the documents connected with foreign trade or customs Maintains the sales information system
2. Double-click the Sales and Distribution node. The expanded Sales and Distribution node shows various subnodes, such as Master Data, Sales Support, Sales, Shipping and Transportation, Billing, Credit Management, Foreign Trade/Customs, and Sales Information system.
The Business partners Node This node has options to manage data associated with business partners of a company. The business partners of a company include: Customers: Purchase products or avail of services offered by the company Sales partners: Sell company products and provide services on behalf of the company Forwarding agents: Provide products ordered by the customers Sales Personnel: Provide services to the customers and process their orders The Business partners node has subnodes, such as Sales prospect, Customer, Contact persons, Sales partners, Forwarding agent, Sales personnel, and Competitors. The Sales prospect Node The Sales prospects node simplifies the maintenance of master data with respect to business partners. Using the Create option of this node, you can create records of business partners. For creating such records, specify the information of the customer, such as sales organization, distribution channel, and division. Data about customers and business partners is maintained so that other modules, which use this data, use the updated records. The Customer Node This node is used to modify the customer-related data. It provides options to create a record for a new customer and change and view customer information. The amount of data specified for a new customer depends upon the account group of the customer. The account group defines the function of the customer, such as: One-time customer: Buys products or avails services of the company only once, and is not a regular customer Payer: Pays the bill for a product that is bought from the company, or for availing services Ship-to party: Orders products from the company Sold-to party: Orders products or avails of services from the company The Customer node has options to block and flag a customer for deletion. For example, you can block the sales transaction for a customer, who exceeds the credit limit. This node provides options to modify the data of a specific customer. Use the Sales and Distribution or Complete option of the Customer node to modify the customer information. Figure 1-4-3 shows the highlighted Sales and Distribution option:
Figure 1-4-3: Highlighted Sales and Distribution Option under Change Node The Contact persons Node The Contact persons Node is used to manage the personal information of contact persons. This node has options, such as Create, Change to create, and modify a record of a contact person. The Sales partners Node This node is used to manage the information of sales partners of a company. Figure 14-4 shows the options available in the Sales partners node:
Figure 1-4-4: The Expanded Sales Partners Node The Forwarding agent Node Using the Forwarding agent node, you can create, change, and display the records of forwarding agents. Forwarding agents provide the transportation facilities, such as shipment and delivery services for delivering a product. This node has options, such as Create, Change, and Display to create, modify, and view records of forwarding agents. The Sales personnel Node The Sales Personnel node is used to update information, such as sales organization, distribution channel, and division, about sales personnel. This node has options, such as Create, Change, and Display that can be used to create, modify, and view the records of sales personnel. The Competitors Node
The options in Competitors node enable you to update information about competitors and the strategies deployed by them to market their products. Figure 1-4-5 shows the options of the Competitors node:
Figure 1-4-5: Competitor Options The Products Node The Products node has options that can be used to manage product information of a company. The Products node has various subnodes, such as Material, Item proposal, Listing/exclusion, Value contract Assortment module, Bills of material, and Serial numbers. The Material Node The options available in the Products node are used to maintain information about manufactured products. The manufactured products may be of various types: Trading goods: Bought and sold by the company.
Non-stock materials: Unavailable in the inventory, such as stationery goods. Services: Provided to the customers and do not have a physical form. For example, the after-sales support provided by the sales partners to the customers. Packaging materials: Used for packing the products of a company. Competitive products: Manufactured by other companies in the same field. . Other materials: Do not belong to any of the specified product categories.
Use the Material node of the Product node, to update information about these products. The Item proposal Node This node is used to manage information about item proposals. An item proposal consists of materials, which are regularly ordered by customers. You can also see the list of materials using the List by material option. The Listing/exclusion Node This node is used to maintain information about the products that a customer can or cannot buy. The Display option of this node shows a list of such products. You can create, change, and display listings and exclusions for a customer using the options in this node. The Value contract Assortment module Node Use the Value contract - Assortment module node to create, change, display, or delete value contract documents. The value contract denotes that the customer agrees to receive products or services at a certain fixed value for a fixed period. The Bills of Material Node The options of this node are used to maintain the Bill of Material (BOM) documents. A BOM is a sales document used to perform the task of maintenance of information about the quantity and unit of measure of the components of a product. The different types of BOMs created are: Material BOM: Maintains information about the parts that form a material sold to the customer Document structure: Maintains information associated with a complex material or transaction Equipment BOM: Maintains information about an equipment, such as the parts that form the material, or are used for material maintenance Functional location BOM: Maintains information that indicate a functional location, such as the location where the product is manufactured Sales order BOM: Maintains information connected to a sales order The Create, Change, and Display options are used to create, change, and display all the information about these BOMs. Figure 1-4-6 shows the different BOMs that can be maintained:
Figure 1-4-6: Different BOMs The Serial number Node This node is used to manage information about serial numbers of components of products. Allot Serial numbers to these components through the options of the Serial Number node in order to maintain information associated with them. Use the options in this node to create, change, and display serial numbers of components. The Conditions Node This node helps to specify conditions for records of prices, discounts, freight, and taxes, and conditions. The Create option is used to generate condition records on discounts by customer, material, price group, or material group. Use the Change and Display options to change and display the information of such records.
The Output Node The Output node is used to create output documents. Output documents are used to enhance communication between the sales employees and the business partners. Output documents are based on: Inquiry Quotation Order confirmation Internal output. For example, e-mail Contract Credit processing Scheduling agreement Cash sale Figure 1-4-7 shows the various options of the Output node:
Figure 1-4-7: The Expanded Output Node The Output node has subnodes, such as Sales document, Shipping, Shipping unit, and Sales activities. The Sales document Node The Sales document node is used to create condition records based on sales organization and output type. Using the Change and Display options of this node, you can change or display these records. The Shipping Node The Shipping node is used to create condition records and can be used to set the dispatch time, medium, and language for the output documents. The Change and Display options can be used to modify and view the documents about shipping.
The Shipping units Node The Shipping units node is used to maintain the output documents for a shipping unit. A shipping unit refers to the unit from where the products are transported to the destination location. Use the options of the Shipping unit node to create, change, and view the information of the output documents about shipping units. The Sales activities Node The Sales activities node is used to create the output documents of sales activities. The options of this node are used to maintain the condition records about various sales activities, such as contract. The Change and Display options are used to change or view the information that pertains to these output documents. The Agreements Node This node is used to manage information about agreements. An agreement consists of terms and conditions that have been accepted by the customer and the company. These agreements may be on the mode of payment or the validity period. Figure 1-48 shows the subnodes in the Agreements node:
Figure 1-4-8: The Expanded Agreements Node The Agreements node has subnodes, such as CustomerMaterial Information, Contracts, Rebate arrangement, Promotion, and Sales deal. The CustomerMaterial Information Node The CustomerMaterial Information node is used to maintain the condition records of materials for a specific customer. Use the Change option to modify any information of such documents. View these records using the Display option of this node. The Contracts Node The Contracts node is used to create, change, and display the documents associated with contracts. A contract defines the agreements between the company and the customer. These agreements cover different sales activities, such as delivery or billing.
The Rebate arrangement Node The Rebate arrangement node is used to maintain the information about discounts given to a customer. You can also modify validity period of the rebate arrangement, such as settlement period. Using the Display option, you can display the information of rebate arrangement records. The Promotion Node The Promotion node is used to manage information about validity period and payment terms, such as payment against delivery. The Change and Display option is used to change or delete promotion records. The Sales deal Node This node is used to create, change, and view records about sales deals. A sales deal relates to the arrangements made by a company to sell a product. These deals may be on validity period, currency, or payment terms.
Figure 1-4-9: The Expanded Sales Support Node The Sales Support node has subnodes, such as Sales promotions, Sales activities, and Potential analysis. The Sales promotions Node This node is used to maintain the information about sales activities, such as sales strategies devised by a company. In SD module, four types of sales activities are provided: Collectively generated sales activities: Sales calls to customers not interacted with, for a long time Internet mail activities: E-mails to customers to inform them about the products Mail with follow-up activities: Products gifted to customers followed by sales calls
Mail without follow-up activities: Products gifted to customers not necessarily followed by sales calls
The Sales activities Node This node is used to maintain information about sales activities. A sales activity involves interaction with customers to advertise a new product or to receive customer inquiries. You can perform sales activities using three modes: Phone call Sales call Sales letter To modify the information about sales activities: 1. Double-click the Sales activities node 2. Double-click the Edit option. The Create Sales activity screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-4-10:
Figure 1-4-10: The Create Sales Activity Screen 3. In the Create Sales activity screen, specify information of the contact persons of the customer In this document you can cite the reason to contact the customer. A complete record of the correspondence is maintained. The Potential analysis Node This node is used to maintain information that helps analyzing the capacity of the companys product in the market. The sales of these products are compared to a competitor company in the same field. An in-depth analysis of the product in the market helps in devising better plans to counter the competition. You can create, change, and
display the documents about potential analysis of products using the options of this node.
Figure 1-4-11: The Expanded Sales Node The Sales node has subnodes, such as Quotation, Order, and Scheduling Agreement. The Quotations Node
The options of the Quotations node are used to maintain the quotations, which includes the price and the quantity of the product. The options of this module are used to change or view the information about the quotations. The Order Node The options of the Order node are used to create, change, and display records about a customer sales order. You can store information, such as the name of the sold-to party, material number, sales personnel, and delivery dates in these records. The Scheduling Agreement Node This node helps creating a document, which displays the delivery dates and the quantity of the material. The options of this node can be used to change the information about the scheduling agreements.
Figure 1-4-12: The Expanded Shipping and Transportation Node The Shipping and Transportation node has subnodes, such as Outbound Delivery, Picking, Pack, Loading, and Transportation. The Outbound Delivery Node The Outbound Delivery node is used to maintain information of products for delivery to the customers. Using the options of this node you can store information, such as the shipping point and order number. In case a customer is blocked, the record is not added to the database, and an error message appears. The Picking Node
This node is used to maintain information about picking. Picking is the process of transferring the required quantity of a product from the storage house and delivering it to the respective department. The Pack Node The options of the Pack node are used to maintain information about package of products for outbound delivery and transportation. The Loading Node This node is used to maintain information about the loading tools, which are used to load products. A loading group consists of all such tools. It is possible to create, change, or view loading documents using the options of the Loading node. The Transportation Node This node is used to maintain documents associated with shipment information of the products. Shipment information includes shipment type, shipment route, duration, and distance. The options to change or display information about transportation are available in this node.
Figure 1-4-13: The Expanded Billing Node The Billing node has subnodes, such as Billing Document, Invoice List, Rebates, Revenue Recognition, and Environment. The Billing Document Node This node is used to maintain the billing documents. Use the Create option of the Billing Document node to create billing documents. Use the Change option of the Billing Document node to update information about billing documents. Cancel a billing document using the Cancel option. A Billing due list is a list of documents that needs to be billed. You can process such a list using the option Process Billing Due List. You can create a background process that searches for the documents to be processed using the option Background Processing.
The Invoice List Node This node is used to maintain invoices. To create an invoice document: 1. Select Invoice List->Create. The Create Invoice List screen appears. 2. In Create Invoice List screen, specify the information of the billing documents to be processed, such as the billing type and billing date. Use the options Change and Display to change and view the invoice records. To cancel the invoice list created use the Cancel option of the Invoice List node. The Rebates Node This node is used to maintain the information about rebates. Update billing documents using the Update Billing Documents option. To maintain information of Rebate Settlement: 1. Double-click the Rebate Settlement node. The Settlement of Rebate Agreements screen appears. 2. Type the information, such as the organizational data. 3. Click the Execute button. A report showing the information of various rebate settlements is displayed. The Revenue Recognition Node This option is used to maintain information about revenue generated by a company. Use the Edit Revenue List option to update revenue lists. You need to enter information, such as company code, sales document number, and customer data to edit a revenue list. Use the Revenue Report option to create a report, which displays information about the revenue, generated by the company. You can view the list of sales, revenue, and billing data using this option. You need to type the sales document number, which is a required field to activate this option. The Environment Node This node is used to maintain information of accounts receivable. Use the Accounts Receivable option to view line item documents of customers. Specify the information, such as company code and customer account to view this report. The report shows the sales document number and the status of these documents in terms of accounts receivable. The Amount in local currency field shows the amount payable by the customer. Use the Set Billing Date option to set the billing dates of documents.
Figure 1-4-14: The Expanded Credit Management Node The Credit Management node has subnodes, such as Exceptions, Sales and Distribution documents, and Account. The Exceptions Node This option is used to maintain sales and billing information using message folders. You can maintain the sales and billing information as messages in the inbox. You can maintain and update blocked sales information using the Blocked SD Documents option of the Exceptions node. The Sales and Distribution docs Node
This node is used to maintain the information about sales transaction and transportation. Use the Released option to maintain released SD information. You can maintain all the sales and delivery information using the All option. Use the Sales document option to maintain the sales information. To view incomplete documents: 1. Double-click the Incomplete SD Documents option. The Incomplete SD Documents screen appears. 2. In the Incomplete SD Documents screen, select the level of incompleteness and type the organizational data. View a report that shows information of blocked sales and distribution documents using the Sales and distrib documents blocked option of the Sales and distribution docs node. The Account Node This node is used to view the information about the sales documents. To view reports of outstanding balances of the customers: 1. Select Account->Display balances. The Customer Balance Display screen appears. 2. In the Customer Balance Display screen, type the customer number, company code, and fiscal year. The document generated shows the period, debit information, credit information, and balance information of the customers. Use the Analysis option to depict the information about account, sales, and deductions/interest of sales documents.
Figure 1-4-15: The Expanded Foreign Trade/Customs Node The options of this node can be used for maintaining information about the foreign trade and customs. Using this node, you can also check the information in the master records, such as that of material, vendor, purchase info records, and that of customers
5. Modify the account documents after the collection of payment from the customer These activities constitute a complete cycle to process a sales order. To perform a sales transaction: 1. In the SAP Easy Access window, select Logistics->Sales and Distribution>Sales->Contract ->Create. The Create Contract: Initial Screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-4-16:
Figure 1-4-16: The Create Contract: Initial Screen 2. In the Create Contract: Initial Screen, type the organizational data. 3. Press Enter. Alternatively, click the ENTER button. The Create Value contract: Overview screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-4-17:
Figure 1-4-17: Create Value contract: Overview Screen 4. In the Create Value contract: Overview screen, enter the information for the Item overview, Sales, Item detail, Ordering party, and Reason for rejection tabs. 5. Select Goto->Header->Partner to assign a sales personnel to the contract. The Create Value contract: Header Data screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-4-18:
Figure 1-4-18: The Create Value contract: Header Data Screen 6. Save the data. On the status bar, a message appears indicating the successful creation of a contract. 7. Select Logistics->Sales and Distribution->Sales->Order->Create. The Create Sales Order: Initial Screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-4-19:
Figure 1-4-19: The Create Sales Order: Initial Screen 8. Specify the order type and organizational data. 9. Press Enter. Alternatively, click the ENTER button. The Create Sales Order: Initial Screen appears. 10. In Create Sales Order: Initial Screen, if Standard Order in Order Type is selected, the Create Standard order: Overview screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-4-20:
Figure 1-4-20: The Create Standard order: Overview Screen 11. Enter the required information, such as the sold-to party, for the sales order document. 12. Select a blank field from the Delivery block drop-down menu of the Sales tab to remove delivery blocks. 13. Select Goto->Item->Billing to remove the billing block. 14. In the Billing tab, select a blank field from the Billing block drop-down menu. 15. Select Goto->Header->Partner. The Create Standard order: Header Data screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-4-21:
Figure 1-4-21: The Create Standard order: Header Data Screen 16. Type the employee code of the sales personnel in the field Sales employee of the Partners tab. 17. Save the data. A message that shows the successful creation of the sales order appears in the status bar. 18. Select Logistics->Sales and Distribution->Shipping and Transportation>Outbound Delivery->Create->Single Document->With Reference to Sales Order. The Create Outbound Delivery with the Order Reference screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-4-22:
Figure 1-4-22: The Create Outbound Delivery with Order Reference Screen 19. Specify the Shipping point number and order information. 20. Press Enter. Alternatively, click the ENTER button. The Delivery Create: Overview screen appears, as shown in Figure 1-4-23:
Figure 1-4-23: The Delivery Create: Overview Screen 21. Enter the required information, such as the ship-to party. 22. Save the data. A message that shows the successful creation of the delivery document appears in the status bar. 23. Select Logistics->Sales and Distribution->Billing->Billing Document ->Create. The Create Billing Document screen appears, as shown inFigure 1-4-24:
Figure 1-4-24: The Create Billing Document Screen 24. Enter the requisite information, such as billing type and billing date. 25. Press Enter. Alternatively, click the ENTER button to generate the billing document. 26. Select the Change option from the Billing document menu. The Change Billing Document screen appears. 27. In the Change Billing Document screen, click ReleaseToAccounting button, as shown in Figure 1-4-25:
Related Topic
For related information on this topic, you can refer to the Getting started with SAP ReferencePoint.