Pathophysiology of Cervical Cancer

High risk HPV (16, 18, 31)

Invasion of the basal cell of the squamous epithelium of the cervix

Risk factors: Early age of coitus Multiple sexual partners Unsafe sexual practices

Integration of viral DNA p53 and pRB tumor suppressor genes are blocked/deactivated Mutation and cell proliferation Cocarcinogens Metastasis to distant body parts Increased tumor growth Lymph invasion Hypermetabolic activity of cell proliferation and increased tumor growth needs Increased pressure to the surrounding tissues, nerves and bladder Fistula formation Enlargement of lymph nodes Leakage of urine and feces into the vagina Metrorrhag ia Bleeding after coitus anemia Foulsmelling vaginal discharge Hemorrhage Infection CIN/SIL Carcinoma in situ Tumor fills the entire cervix

Barrel-shaped cervix

Invasive cancer

Tissue necrosis and sloughing

Anorexia Weight loss

Pelvic and back pain

Dysuria

Venous and Ureteral obstruction

Hydronephrosi s

Leg edema