AsterConference Jakarta 2011 By Anton Raharja

Basic of Linux Operating System

Ubuntu Server preparation and installation

Network card configuration About Asterisk and DAHDI

Using Ubuntu Server 10.04.2 LTS

Install properly for ISO (burn to a CD) Configure correct hostname, username and IP Configure proper disk partitions
Use Use Use Use 1 GB for SWAP 10 GB at most for / just about enough for /home the rest of the space for /var

Select nothing but OpenSSH server as a start Prepare development environment

# apt-get update # apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-`uname r` libnewt-dev libusb-dev libncurses5-dev libmysqlclient15dev libxml-dev libmpg123-dev zlib1g-dev

Linux CLI (Command Line Interface)

List Process Files Read Editor : ls, lsmod, lsusb, lspci : ps, top : cd, cp, mv, rm, ln : cat, grep, tee, tail, more, less : vi, mc, mcedit, nano

Use single or multiple network cards Each may have lots of virtual IPs Linux treats all IPs, virtual or physical, pretty much the same Configure proper IP, route and DNS
IP configurations in file /etc/network/interfaces DNS configurations in file /etc/resolv.conf

Asterisk, an IP PBX software

Supports multi-protocol: SIP, IAX2, H.323, and others Supports multi-codec: G711, G729, H264, and others Supports various standard PBX features Supports CTI Website: http://www.asterisk.org

Digium/Asterisk Hardware Device Interface

Open source device interface used to control Digium and other telephony interface cards When you need to use voice cards with Asterisk, you need DAHDI. Or vendors drivers Most vendors used DAHDI or slightly modified DAHDI version

Pre-requisites for DAHDI Pre-requisites for Asterisk Asterisk installation from source codes Basic Asterisk administration

Get dahdi-linux-complete 2.4.1.2 from http://www.asterisk.org PRI device requires libpri (1.4.11.5), get it also from http://www.asterisk.org Extract, compile and install libpri first Extract, compile and install dahdi-linuxcomplete Installation process will download firmware files from Internet

Get latest asterisk 1.8.4.3 from http://www.asterisk.org Extract, compile and install asterisk
Sounds are downloaded from installation script Add-ons are configured from installation script Installation process will download sound files and some other libraries (iLBC and MP3 if selected) from Internet

LibPRI

DAHDI Linux Complete

# # # # #

# tar zxf libpri-1.4.11.5.tar.gz # cd libpri-1.4.11.5 # make && make install tar zxf dahdi-linux-complete.-2.4.1.2tar.gz cd dahdi-linux-complete-2.4.1.2 make make install make config

Asterisk
# # # # # # #

tar zxf asterisk-1.8.4.3.tar.gz cd asterisk-1.8.4.3 ./configure make menuconfig make make install make samples

Asterisk configuration files Asterisk context SIP and IAX2 account

Asterisk folders
/etc/asterisk /var/spool/asterisk /var/log/asterisk /var/lib/asterisk /usr/lib/asterisk

Configuration files
All configuration files are inside /etc/asterisk
Dialplans Accounts Voicemail : extensions.conf : sip.conf, iax.conf : voicemail.conf

Contexts are the heart of asterisk configurations Context is a grouping label for a set of options Context may have multiple interpretation, it is depend on where the context reside Context format:
[context] option=value option=value

In sip.conf contexts are accounts In extensions.conf contexts are group of dialplans

SIP accounts are configured in sip.conf IAX2 accounts are configured in iax.conf Context format are used to define a peer, a user or a friend Account type peer are defining trunks, the other end is a gateway or not a user Account type user are defining the other end is a user agent (UA). UA will be registered to our asterisk Account type friend are defining both a peer and a user Example:
[voiprakyat] username=10001 secret=mypwd123 type=peer context=from-trunk

Dialplan Asterisk console Logging and debugging

Configuration file: /etc/asterisk/extensions.conf Each context is a group of dialplan sets Format:

[context] exten = extension,priority,command

Example:
[from-trunk] exten = _9X.,1,Dial(DAHDI/g0/${EXTEN:1})

Entering asterisk console:

Type on Linux console:
asterisk -r

Asterisk console commands:

System commands:
core stop now core stop when convenient core restart now core restart when convenient Core show channels help

SIP commands:
sip sip sip sip sip

show peer <peer/ext. number> show user <user/ext. number> show peers show users set debug <options>

Configuration file: /etc/asterisk/logger.conf

Remove comment mark in front of full line for full log messages

Log files: /var/log/asterisk Realtime debugging

# tail f /var/log/asterisk/full | tee x1.log Save x1.log for later reviews, or send it to experts when you need to

Thank you