Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Total Assets during period Net Income + Interest Expense (net of tax) Sales Various Income statement items sales Sales Avg Total Assets during period Sales Avg. A/R during period COGS Avg. Inventory during period Sales Avg fixed assets during period
b) Rate of Return on Common Shareholder's Equity Return on Common Equity (ROE) = Net Income - Preferred Dividend Avg Common S.E. during period Profit Margin for ROE = Net Income - Preferred Dividend Sales Average total assets during period Avg Common S.E. during period
Net Income - Prefered Stock Dividends number of common shares outstanding Market Price per Share Earnings per Share
Price-Earnings Ratio
RISK RATIOS (Short-term) a) Liquity Current ratio = Current Assets Current Liabilities Liquid Assets current liabilities
Quick ratio
Cash Flow Operations to Current liabilities ratio c) Working Capital Accounts Payable Turnover ratio
Purchases Avg A/P during period 365 days Accounts Receivable turnover Ratio 365 days Inventory Turnover Ratio 365 days Accounts Receivable turnover Ratio
Days A/ P outstanding
Total Long Term Debt Total Long Term Debt + Shareholders equity Total Liabilities Total Liabilities + Shareholders equity
Debt-Equity Ratio
b) Cash Flow from Operations to total liabilities ratio Cash Flow Operations to = Cash flow from operations Total liabilities ratio Avg Total Liabilities during period b) Interest Coverage Interest Coverage Ratio (TIE)
Income statements REVENUES Merch. Sales revenues Credit revenues Total revenues COSTS AND EXPENSES COGS expenses Gross Profit (margin) Selling and admin exp Provision for uncollectible accounts EBIT (operating profit) depreciation expense interest expense reaffirmation charge Operating Income other income EBT (before tax) Income taxes Income from Continuing operations Discontinued Operations Net Income
sears In millions ($US), end Dec 31 1995 31,133 3,702 34,835 (23,160) 11,675 (7,428) (589) 3,658 (580) (1,373) 1,705 23 1,728 (703) 1,025 776 1,801 1996 33,751 4,313 38,064 (24,889) 13,175 (8,059) (971) 4,145 (697) (1,365) 2,083 22 2,105 (834) 1,271 1,271 1997 36,371 4,925 41,296 (26,769) 14,527 (8,331) (1,532) 4,664 (786) (1,409) (475) 1,994 106 2,100 (912) 1,188 1,188
Retained Earnings Statements 1995 Retained Earnings Beg. Net Income Dividends preferred Dividends common Retained earnings end Income Statements 1,801 xxxxxx 1996 xxxxxx 1,271 #VALUE! 3,330 1997 3,330 1,188 (360) 4,158
Trend Horizontal Merch. Sales revenues Credit revenues ### Total revenues COSTS AND EXPENSES COGS expenses Gross Profit (margin) Selling and admin exp Provision for uncollectible accounts EBIT (operating profit) depreciation expense interest expense reaffirmation charge Operating Income other income EBT (before tax) Income taxes Income from Continuing operations Discontinued Operations Net Income ### 1995 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1996 1.08 1.17 1.09 1.07 1.13 1.08 1.65 1.13 1.20 0.99 1.22 0.96 1.22 1.19 1.24 0.71 1997 1.17 1.33 1.19 1.16 1.24 1.12 2.60 1.28 1.36 1.03 4.75 1.17 4.61 1.22 1.30 1.16 0.66 TREND
###
TREND Ratio Analysis 1995 tax rate = 1996 39.6% 1997 43.4%
Overall returns ROA (Return on Assets) ROE (Return on Equity) Disaggregation of ROA Profit Margin for ROA (NI / Sales) Total Assets Turnover (Sales / Avg TA) Disaggregation of ROE Proft Margin for ROE (NI / Sales) Total Assets Turnover (Sales / Avg TA) Capital structure leverage (Avg (L + SE) / Avg SE)
1.2% 25.7%
1.0% very low margin, got even sma 22.0% benefited from leverage - ROE
1.3% 0.93
1.1% 0.97
Profitability ratios: Common Size Income statements (% of sales) - Profitability ratios Merch. Sales revenues Credit revenues COGS expenses Gross Profit (margin) Selling and admin exp Provision for uncollectible accounts EBIT (operating profit) depreciation expense interest expense reaffirmation charge Operating Income other income EBT (before tax) Income taxes Income from Continuing operations Discontinued Operations Net Income ### ### 1995 100.0% 11.9% -74.4% 37.5% -23.9% -1.9% 11.7% -1.9% -4.4% 0.0% 5.5% 0.1% 5.6% -2.3% 3.3% 2.5% 5.8% 1996 100.0% 12.8% -73.7% 39.0% -23.9% -2.9% 12.3% -2.1% -4.0% 0.0% 6.2% 0.1% 6.2% -2.5% 3.8% 0.0% 3.8% 1997 100.0% 13.5% -73.6% 39.9% -22.9% -4.2% 12.8% -2.2% -3.9% -1.3% 5.5% 0.3% 5.8% -2.5% 3.3% 0.0% 3.3%
worse better better better worse better worse better up then down up then down up then down worse
Turnover Ratios: Total Assets Turnover (Sales / Avg TA) A/R turnover (Sales / Average A/R) days AR outstanding (365 / AR turnover) Inventory turnover (COGS / Average inventory) days to turn inventory avg. (365 / Inventory turnover) PPE turnover (Sales / Average PPE) Leverage ratios:
0.97 1.60 227.76 getting better 5.53 66.06 getting better 5.92
Solvency ratios: Debt/equity (L/SE) Debt/equity (L / L + SE) Times interest earned (EBIT/Interest expense) Liquidity ratios: Current ratio (CA / CL) Quick (acid-test) ratio ( (Cash + MS + AR) / CL) Cash from Operations / current liabilities
2.66
1.90 1.51
Trend Common Size Balance Sheets (% of assets) 1995 Cash & equivalents Retained interest ccard receivables Credit card receivables less: uncollectibles Other receivables Inventory(merchandise) prepaid expenses & deferred charges deferred income taxes Total Current Assets Long term Assets Plant and Equipment accum depr. Total Non-Current Assets deferred income taxes other assets Total Assets Current Liabilities Short term borrowings Current portion of LT debt Accounts payable Unearned revenues Other taxes Total current liabilities Long term debt Long term debt & capitalized lease obligations Postretirement benefits Minority interest and other liabilities Total long term Liabilities Total Liabilities Common Shares ($0.75 par) Capital in excess of par Retained Earnings Treasure stock at cost Minimum pension liability 10% 8% 20% 2% 2% 41% 0% 34% 8% 4% 45% 86% 1% 10% 9% -5% -1% 13% increased 7% 17% decreased 2% 1% 41% 0% 34% 7% 4% 44% 85% 1% 9% 11% -4% -1% 1996 2% 6% 56% -2% 1% 13% 1% 2% 79% 0% 28% -12% 16% 3% 3% 100% 1997 1% worse 9% 54% -3% 1% 13% 2% 2% 79% 0% 29% -13% 17% 2% 2% 100%
Deferred ESOP expense Cumulative translation adjustments Total S.E. equity Total Liab + SE equity
sears In millions ($US), end Dec 31 1995 1996 1997 660 2,260 20,104 (801) 335 4,646 348 895 28,447 10,237 (4,359) 5,878 905 937 36,167 358 3,316 20,956 (1,113) 335 5,044 956 830 30,682 11,324 (4,910) 6,414 666 938 38,700
Current Assets Cash & equivalents 660 Retained interest ccard receivables 2,260 Credit card receivables 20,104 less: allowance uncollectibles (801) Other receivables 335 Inventory(merchandise) 4,646 prepaid expenses & deferred charges 348 deferred income taxes 895 Total Current Assets 28,447 Long term Assets Plant and Equipment 10,237 accucmulated depr. (4,359) Total Non-Current Assets 5,878 deferred income taxes 905 other assets 937 Total Assets 36,167 Equities: Current Liabilities Short term borrowings 3,533 Current portion of LT debt 2,737 Accounts payable 7,225 Unearned revenues 840 Other taxes 615 Total current liabilities 14,950 Long term debt Long term debt & capitalized lease12,170 obligations Postretirement benefits 2,748 Minority interest and other liabilities 1,354 Total long term Liabilities 16,272 Total Liabilities 31,222 Shareholders Equity Common Shares ($0.75 par) 323 Capital in excess of par 3,618 Retained Earnings xxxxxx Treasure stock at cost (1,655) Minimum pension liability (277) Deferred ESOP expense (230) Cumulative translation adjustments (164) Total S.E. equity 4,945 Total Liab + SE equity 36,167 Trend Horizontal
3,533 2,737 7,225 840 615 14,950 12,170 2,748 1,354 16,272 31,222 323 3,618 3,330 (1,655) (277) (230) (164) 4,945 36,167
5,208 2,561 6,637 830 554 15,790 13,071 2,564 1,413 17,048 32,838 323 3,598 4,158 (1,702) (217) (204) (94) 5,862 38,700
Balance sheets 1995 1996 1997 TREND Current Assets Cash & equivalents 1.00 Retained interest ccard receivables 1.00 Credit card receivables 1.00 1.00 Other receivables 1.00 Inventory(merchandise) 1.00 prepaid expenses & deferred charges 1.00 deferred income taxes 1.00 Total Current Assets 1.00 Long term Assets Plant and Equipment 1.00 1.00 Total Non-Current Assets 1.00 deferred income taxes 1.00 other assets 1.00 Total Assets 1.00 Current Liabilities Short term borrowings 1.00 Current portion of LT debt 1.00 Accounts payable 1.00 Unearned revenues 1.00 Other taxes 1.00 Total current liabilities 1.00 Long term debt Long term debt & capitalized lease obligations1.00 Postretirement benefits 1.00 Minority interest and other liabilities 1.00 Total long term Liabilities 1.00 Total Liabilities 1.00 Shareholders Equity Common Shares ($0.75 par) 1.00 Capital in excess of par 1.00 Retained Earnings 1.00 Treasure stock at cost 1.00 Minimum pension liability 1.00 Deferred ESOP expense 1.00 Cumulative translation adjustments 1.00 Total S.E. equity 1.00 Total Liab + SE equity 1.00
0.54 DECREASED 1.47 1.04 1.39 1.00 1.09 2.75 0.93 1.08 1.11 1.13 1.09 0.74 1.00 1.07
1.47 0.94 0.92 0.99 0.90 1.06 1.07 0.93 1.04 1.05 1.05 1.00 0.99 1.25 1.03 0.78 0.89 0.57 1.19 1.07
Level
ery low margin, got even smaller enefited from leverage - ROE = Bigger than ROA = very good
roe decreased because of decreased profit margin + decreased leverage, but increased because of faster asset t
SG&A are down in comparison to sales. This should have increased the profit margin
p then down
p then down
p then down probably would have been up then down, but 2006 skewed by discontinued operations
high high
Accounts receivables turn VERY slowly Inventory turnover is improving, but overall level seems high
danger low
The amount of leverage seems to be excessive. The safe range of 0.40-1.20. The trend, however, is in the right d with 85% of total SE in debt, they seem to be overly leveraged, especially for a retailer this ratio should be over 7. The trend is good, however.
low ok
The safe range for the current ratio is 2:1. In the short term, however, they should be capable of paying their short A safe range would be more than 1.0, and with 1.5, they seem very able to pay for current liabilities
Level
Compared to sales slower FASTER slower FASTER slower slower FASTER slower slower slower slower slower slower slower slower
FASTER slower slower slower slower slower slower slower slower slower slower slower slower FASTER slower slower slower slower FASTER slower
Income statements REVENUES Merch. Sales revenues Other income net Total revenues COSTS AND EXPENSES COGS expenses Gross Profit (margin) Selling and admin exp Provision for uncollectible accounts EBIT (operating profit) depreciation expense interest expense reaffirmation charge Operating Income other income EBT (before tax) Income taxes Income from Continuing operations Discontinued Operations Minority Interest & equity in unconsolidated subs Net Income
Walmart In millions ($US), end JAN 31 1996 93,627 1,146 94,773 (74,505) 20,268 (15,021) 5,247 (888) 4,359 4,359 (1,606) 2,753 (13) 2,740 1997 104,859 1,319 106,178 (83,510) 22,668 (16,946) 5,722 (845) 4,877 4,877 (1,794) 3,083 (27) 3,056 1998 117,958 1,341 119,299 (93,438) 25,861 (19,358) 6,503 (784) 5,719 5,719 (2,115) 3,604 (78) 3,526
Retained Earnings Statements 1996 Retained Earnings Beg. Net Income Dividends preferred Dividends common Retained earnings end Income Statements Trend Horizontal Merch. Sales revenues 2,740 xxxxxx 1997 xxxxxx 3,056 #VALUE! 16,768 1998 16,768 3,526 (2,127) 18,167
1996 1.00
1997 1.12
1998 1.26
TREND
Other income net ### Total revenues COSTS AND EXPENSES COGS expenses Gross Profit (margin) Selling and admin exp Provision for uncollectible accounts EBIT (operating profit) depreciation expense interest expense reaffirmation charge Operating Income other income EBT (before tax) Income taxes Income from Continuing operations Discontinued Operations Minority Interest & equity in unconsolidated subs Net Income ### ###
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
1.15 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.13 1.09 0.95 1.12 1.12 1.12 1.12 2.08 1.12
1.17 1.26 1.25 1.28 1.29 1.24 0.88 1.31 1.31 1.32 1.31 6.00 1.29
###
TREND Ratio Analysis 1996 tax rate = Overall returns ROA (Return on Assets) 1997 36.8% 1998 37.0%
6.4%
ROE (Return on Equity) Disaggregation of ROA Profit Margin for ROA (NI / Sales) Total Assets Turnover (Sales / Avg TA) Disaggregation of ROE Proft Margin for ROE (NI / Sales) Total Assets Turnover (Sales / Avg TA) Capital structure leverage (Avg (L + SE) / Avg SE)
17.8%
19.8% positive
2.4% 2.65
2.6% 2.78
Profitability ratios: Common Size Income statements (% of sales) - Profitability ratios Merch. Sales revenues Other income net ### COSTS AND EXPENSES COGS expenses Gross Profit (margin) Selling and admin exp Provision for uncollectible accounts EBIT (operating profit) depreciation expense interest expense reaffirmation charge Operating Income other income EBT (before tax) Income taxes Income from Continuing operations Discontinued Operations Minority Interest & equity in unconsolidated subs Net Income Turnover Ratios: Total Assets Turnover (Sales / Avg TA) A/R turnover (Sales / Average A/R) days AR outstanding (365 / AR turnover) Inventory turnover (COGS / Average inventory) days to turn inventory avg. (365 / Inventory turnover) PPE turnover (Sales / Average PPE) Leverage ratios: Solvency ratios: Debt/equity (L/SE) Debt/equity (L / L + SE) 1996 100.0% 1.2% 1997 100.0% 1.3% 1998 100.0% 1.1%
2.9%
2.9%
3.0%
1.31 0.57
Times interest earned (EBIT/Interest expense) Liquidity ratios: Current ratio (CA / CL) Quick (acid-test) ratio ( (Cash + MS + AR) / CL) Cash from Operations / current liabilities
5.91
6.77
1.64 0.16
Trend Common Size Balance Sheets (% of assets) 1996 Cash & equivalents Receivables Inventory(at replacement cost) less LIFO reserve Inventories at LIFO cost prepaid expenses & deferred charges Total Current Assets Long term Assets Plant and Equipment Net PPE Property under capital lease: Net Property under cap.lease other assets & deferred charges Total Assets Current Liabilities Accounts payable Accrued Liabilities Accrued Income taxes Long term debt due in 1 year Obligations under capital leases due in 1 year Total current liabilities Long term debt long term debt long term obligations under capital leases deferred income taxes and other Minority interest Total long term Liabilities Total Liabilities Shareholders Equity Common Shares ($0.10 par) Capital in excess of par Retained Earnings Foreign Currency translation adjustment Total S.E. equity Total Liab + SE equity 19% 6% 1% 1% 0% 28% 0% 19% 6% 1% 3% 29% 57% 0% 1% 1% 42% -1% 43% 100% 20% 8% 1% 2% 0% 32% 0% 16% 5% 2% 4% 27% 59% 0% 0% 1% 40% -1% 41% 100% increased increased 5% 3% 100% 5% 5% 100% 46% 7% 47% 7% 1997 2% 2% 41% -1% 40% 1% 45% 0% 59% 1998 3% better 2% 37% less -1% 36% less 1% 43% 0% 60%
increased decreased
decreased
decreased
Balance sheets Assets: Current Assets Cash & equivalents Receivables Inventory(at replacement cost) less LIFO reserve Inventories at LIFO cost prepaid expenses & deferred charges Total Current Assets Long term Assets Plant and Equipment accucmulated depr. Net PPE Property under capital lease: accucmulated depr. Net Property under cap.lease other assets & deferred charges Total Assets
Walmart In millions ($US), end JAN 31 1996 1997 1998 883 845 16,193 883 845 16,193 (296) 15,897 368 17,993 23,182 (4,849) 18,333 2,782 (791) 1,991 1,287 39,604 1,447 976 16,845 (348) 16,497 432 19,352 27,376 (5,907) 21,469 3,040 (903) 2,137 2,426 45,384
1,287 39,604
Equities: Current Liabilities Accounts payable 298 Accrued Liabilities 2,413 Accrued Income taxes Long term debt due in 1 year 523 Obligations under capital leases due in 1 year 95 Total current liabilities 10,957 Long term debt long term debt 7,709 long term obligations under capital leases 2,307 deferred income taxes and other 463 Minority interest 1,025 Total long term Liabilities 11,504 Total Liabilities 22,461 Shareholders Equity Common Shares ($0.10 par) 228 Capital in excess of par 547 Retained Earnings xxxxxx Foreign Currency translation adjustment (400) Total S.E. equity 17,143 Total Liab + SE equity 39,604
7,628 2,413 298 523 95 10,957 7,709 2,307 463 1,025 11,504 22,461 228 547 16,768 (400) 17,143 39,604
9,126 3,628 565 1,039 102 14,460 7,191 2,483 809 1,938 12,421 26,881 224 585 18,167 (473) 18,503 45,384
Cash & equivalents Receivables Inventory(at replacement cost) less LIFO reserve Inventories at LIFO cost prepaid expenses & deferred charges Total Current Assets Long term Assets Plant and Equipment Net PPE Property under capital lease: Net Property under cap.lease other assets & deferred charges Total Assets Current Liabilities Accounts payable Accrued Liabilities Accrued Income taxes Long term debt due in 1 year Obligations under capital leases due in 1 year Total current liabilities Long term debt long term debt long term obligations under capital leases deferred income taxes and other Minority interest Total long term Liabilities Total Liabilities Shareholders Equity Common Shares ($0.10 par) Capital in excess of par Retained Earnings Foreign Currency translation adjustment Total S.E. equity Total Liab + SE equity
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
1.64 1.16 1.04 1.18 1.04 1.17 1.08 1.18 1.22 1.17 1.09 1.14 1.07 1.89 1.15
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
1.20 1.50 1.90 1.99 1.07 1.32 0.93 1.08 1.75 1.89 1.08 1.20 0.98 1.07 1.08 1.18 1.08 1.15
Level
level is acceptable
good
COGS decreased as % of sales. Should have increased profitiblity SG&A are up a little comparison to sales.
up slightly
up slightly
low high Inventory turnover is improving, but overall level seems high
danger
ok
low low
The safe range for the current ratio is 2:1. In the short term, however, they should be capable of paying their short A safe range would be more than 1.0. They need to sell inventory to pay for short term liabilities
Level
TREND
Compared to sales
FASTER slower slower slower slower slower slower slower slower slower slower slower slower FASTER slower
slower FASTER FASTER FASTER slower FASTER slower slower FASTER FASTER slower slower slower slower slower slower slower slower
r, they should be capable of paying their short term debts o pay for short term liabilities
Total revenues Net Income ROA (Return on Assets) ROE (Return on Equity) Disaggregation of ROE Proft Margin for ROE (NI / Sales) Total Assets Turnover (Sales / Avg TA) Capital structure leverage (Avg (L + SE) / Avg SE) Disaggregation of Total Assets Turnover ratio A/R turnover (Sales / Average A/R) days AR outstanding (365 / AR turnover) Inventory turnover (COGS / Average inventory) days to turn inventory avg. (365 / Inventory turnover) PPE turnover (Sales / Average PPE) Disaggregation of Capital Structure leverage ratio Solvency ratios: Debt/equity (L/SE) Debt/equity (L / L + SE) Times interest earned (EBIT/Interest expense) Liquidity ratios: Current ratio (CA / CL) Quick (acid-test) ratio ( (Cash + MS + AR) / CL) Cash from Operations / current liabilities
1997 US$ Millions sears Walmart $41,296 $106,178 $1,188 $3,056 1.04% 6.37% 21.99% 17.83%
1.94 1.51 -
1.64 0.16 -
comments Net income over sales is approximately the same for both companies disconsidering the effect of leverage, Walmart is more profitable Sears is much higher leveraged and is using the financial leverage to increase ROE
Walmart is much more efficient in generating sales out of their assets Sears has much higher % of leverage (more debt vs equity)
Walmart relies much less on credit sales than does Sears, and benefits by receiving cash quicker On average, Sears waits almost 3/4 of a year to receive their cash from sales, but Walmart receives in 3 days approx. the same approx. the same approx. the same
Sears seems to have too much debt (leverage). The safe range of debt equity ratio is normally = 0.40-1.20. Sears has 85% of total SE in debt, they seem to be overly leveraged, Walmart is much "safer" by this measure. Rule of thumb is that TIE should be above 7:1
Sears current ratio is better Walmarts Quick ratio seems too low. They will have to continue to sell inventory to pay for current liabilities
2.57 2.57