Code No: RR320204 Set No.

1
III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
INSTRUMENTATION
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. Enumerate the various sources of error encountered in a measurement system. [16]

2. Define band width of a signal and explain the way signals are classified according
the their band width. [16]

3. (a) Why is a delay line used in the vertical section of the oscilloscopes.
(b) What are the advantages of dual trace over dual beam for multiple-trace os-
cilloscopes. [8+8]

4. With a neat block diagram explain the circuit of a digital frequency meter, in detail.
[16]

5. (a) Explain the method of measurement of linear displacement using potentiome-

ter.
(b) A heliport is provided with 40 turns/mm. The gearing arrangement is such
that the motion of the main shaft by one revolution causes 5 revolutions of
the potentiometer shaft. Calculate the resolution of the Potentiometer? [8+8]

6. (a) Discuss in detail the operation of LVDT?

(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of LVDT? [8+8]

7. (a) With the help at a circuit diagram, explain the measurement of low pressure
using ionization type gauge.
(b) Explain the measurement of pressure using resistive transducer. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain with a neat sketch the measurement of angular velocity using toothed
rotor variable reluctance tachometer. Give the advantage and disadvantage of
this method.
(b) An inductive pick off operating from a 120 tooth wheel is used with a digital
frequency meter to measure the speed of rotation of the shaft on which the
wheel is mounted. The gating period is set to 0.01 sec and a reading of 0030
is obtained on the four digit display. What shaft speed does this in r.p.s. If
the available gating periods are 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 and 107 micro seconds
respectively, what would be the optimum setting of gating period for making
this measurement. [8+8]

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Code No: RR320204 Set No. 2
III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
INSTRUMENTATION
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Draw the block diagram of the measuring system and explain the each stage with
their functions. [16]
2. (a) Explain the following processes as applied to pulse code modulation
i. Quantization process
ii. Encoding process.
(b) Describe the following modulation processes:- [8+8]
i. Pulse amplitude modulation.
ii. Pulse frequency modulation.
3. (a) Give general characteristics of digital voltmeters.
(b) Give the specifications that represent valid information for selecting a digital
voltmeter. [8+8]
4. (a) What would a true rms reading meter indicate if a pulse waveform of 5v peak
and a 25% duty cycle were applied? What would the meter indicate if a 5v
dc input were applied (assume the meter has dc capability).
(b) To check the distributed capacitance of a coil, the coil is resonated at 10MHZ
with 120PF and then is resonated at 15MHZ with 40PF. What is the induc-
tance of the coil and what is the equivalent distributed capacitance [8+8]
5. (a) A resistive position transducer with a resistance of 5 kΩ and a shaft stroke of 8
cm is applied with a voltage of 5V.When the wiper is 3cm from the Reference,
what is the value of the output voltage?
(b) A resistance strain gauge with a gauge factor 2.04 is fastened to a beam which
is subjected to a strain of 1×10−6 .If the original resistance of the gauge is 120
Ω calculate the change in resistance? [8+8]
6. (a) Explain in detail about photo diode and photo transistors?
(b) Explain in detail about thermocouples? [8+8]
7. (a) Explain the method of adjacent arm compensating gauge for temperature
compensation in strain gauge with a neat circuit.
(b) A single electrical resistance strain gauge of resistance 120Ω and having a
gauge factor of 2 is bonded to steel having an elastic limit stress of 400M N/m2
and modulus of elasticity 200 GN/m2 . calculate the change in resistance due
to a change of temperature of 200 C co-efficient of linear expansion of steel is
12x10−6/0 C. [8+8]

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Code No: RR320204 Set No. 2
8. (a) What is a torsion bar and how is it used for torque measurement.
(b) Explain how torque can be measured using an inductive transducer. Give the
sketch for arrangement of inductive transducers with respect to shaft. [8+8]

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Code No: RR320204 Set No. 3
III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
INSTRUMENTATION
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Distinguish between systematic and random errors in a measurement and how they
are usually minimized. [16]

2. Distinguish between analog modulation and digital modulation and explain the
situations under which each is preferred. [16]

3. Write short notes on:

(a) Lumped-parameter delay line.

(b) Distributed-parameter delay line. [8+8=16]

4. (a) What would a true rms reading meter indicate if a pulse waveform of 5v peak
and a 25% duty cycle were applied? What would the meter indicate if a 5v
dc input were applied (assume the meter has dc capability).
(b) To check the distributed capacitance of a coil, the coil is resonated at 10MHZ
with 120PF and then is resonated at 15MHZ with 40PF. What is the induc-
tance of the coil and what is the equivalent distributed capacitance [8+8]

5. (a) A single strain gauge is mounted to measure the axial strain in a simple tensile.
member. If the recorded strain is 380 micro strain what is the axial stress.
i. if the member is steel?
ii. if the member is aluminium?
(b) What are the advantages of electrical transducers? [8+8]

6. (a) Explain in detail the application of RVDT?

(b) Discuss in detail the operation of a synchros? [8+8]

7. (a) What is a load cell? Explain the working of a load cell strain gauge bridge.
(b) A load cell consists of a solid cylinder of steel 40mm in diameter with four
strain gauges boned to it and connected in to the four arms of a voltage
sensitive bridge. The gauges are mounted to have Poisson’s arrangement.
The gauge factor is 2.1 ad each gauge has 1000 ohms resistance. The bridge
excitation voltage is 6v. Determine the sensitivity of the cell in V/KN modules
of elastic for steel is 200GN/m2 and Poisson ratio is 0.29. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain the principle of measurement of torque using magneto-strictive trans-

ducer.

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Code No: RR320204 Set No. 3
(b) A mild steel shaft is used to connect a motor drive to a constant load torque.
A foil strain gauge having a resistance of 120Ω and a gauge factor 2 is mounted
on a shaft with its active axis at angle of 45 degrees to the axis of the shaft
.The shear modules of steel is 80GN/m2 , the shaft radius is 15mm and the
change in strain gauge resistance due to the load 0.24Ω . Find the load torq
[8+8]

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Code No: RR320204 Set No. 4
III B.Tech II Semester Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
INSTRUMENTATION
(Electrical & Electronic Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. Draw the block diagram of the measuring system and explain the each stage with
their functions. [16]
2. Distinguish between analog modulation and digital modulation and explain the
situations under which each is preferred. [16]
3. (a) What do you mean by multi trace with respect to oscilloscopes?
(b) With a neat block diagram explain the each block of a dual-trace oscilloscope
[6+10]
4. (a) Write short notes on:
i. Resolution in digital meters
ii. Sensitivity of digital meters
1
(b) A 4 2
digit voltmeter is used for voltage measurements.
i. Find its resolution
ii. How would 12.98 volts be displayed on 10 volt range?
iii. How would 0.6973 be displayed on 1 volt range?
iv. How would 0.6973 be displayed on 10 volt range? [10+6]
5. (a) Discuss in detail about the principle of operation of a capacitive transducer?
(b) What is the relation between sensitivity and area of plates? [8+8]
6. Explain in detail about piezo electric transducer [16]
7. (a) Explain the construction of different types of strain gauges with neat sketches.
(b) Explain in general how pressure is measured with electrical transducer as
secondary transducers. [8+8]
8. (a) Explain the principle of measurement of torque using magneto-strictive trans-
ducer.
(b) A mild steel shaft is used to connect a motor drive to a constant load torque.
A foil strain gauge having a resistance of 120Ω and a gauge factor 2 is mounted
on a shaft with its active axis at angle of 45 degrees to the axis of the shaft
.The shear modules of steel is 80GN/m2 , the shaft radius is 15mm and the
change in strain gauge resistance due to the load 0.24Ω . Find the load torq
[8+8]

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