Code No: R05222103 Set No.

1
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
THERMODYNAMICS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. (a) Define the term property. State the differences between extensive, intensive
and specific properties of a thermodynamic system. Give few example for
each.
(b) A mass of 2.5 kg of air is compressed in a quasi static process from 0.1 MPa to
0.7 MPa for which PV = constant. The initial specific volume is 0.80 m3 /kg.
Find the work done by the piston to compress the air. [8+8]

2. (a) What are the practical difficulties associated with the use of ideal gas ther-
mometer?
(b) A new temperature scale in Degree N is desired with freezing point at 1000
N and the boiling point at 4000 N. Establish a correlation between degrees
Centigrade and degrees N. What will be the absolute temperature at 00 N?
[6+10]

3. (a) State the limitations of first law of thermodynamics.

(b) What is a thermal energy reservoir?
(c) An engine operating on a Carnot cycle works with in temperature limits of
600 K and 300 K. If the engine receives 2000 KJ of heat, evaluate the work
done and thermal efficiency of the engine. [6+2+8]

4. (a) Describe the process of formation of steam and give its graphical representation
(b) Steam enters an engine at a pressure 10 bar absolute and 2500 C. It is exhausted
at 0.2 bar. The steam at exhaust is 0.9 dry. Find
i. Drop in enthalpy
ii. Change in enthalpy. [7+9]

5. (a) Deduce the relationship between absolute temperature and absolute pressure
in an adiabatic process. [7]
(b) 1.5 kg of air at pressure 6 bar occupies a volume of 0.2m3 .If this air is expanded
to a volume of 1.1m3 . Find the work done and heat absorbed or rejected by
the air for each of the following methods of trying one the process.
i. isothermally
ii. Adiabatic ally [9]

6. (a) 200m3 of air per minute at 150 C DBT and 75%RH.If heated until its temper-
ature is 250 C, find

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Code No: R05222103 Set No. 1
i. RH of heated air
ii. WBT of heated air
iii. Heat added to air per minute.
(b) A vessel of 5 m3 capacity contains two gases A and B in proportion of 40%
and 60% respectively at 250 C .If the value of R for the gases is 0.288 KJ/kg
K and 0.295 KJ/KgK and if the total weight of the mixture is 2 kg, calculate
i. Partial pressure
ii. Total pressure
iii. The mean value of the R for the mixture. [8+8]

7. (a) Show that the efficiency of the Diesel cycle is lower than that of Otto cycle for
the same compression ratio. Comment why the higher efficiency of the Otto
cycle compared to Diesel cycle for the same compression ratio is only for a
academic interest and not practical importance.
(b) A Diesel engine has a compression ratio of 18 and cut-off takes place at 6% of
the stroke. Find the air-standard efficiency. Assume γ = 1.4. [8+8]

8. (a) Explain the working of simple Rankine cycle and what are different ways to
improve the efficiency of a cycle?
(b) Explain the functioning of vapour compression refrigeration system along with
diagrams? [8+8]

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Code No: R05222103 Set No. 2
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
THERMODYNAMICS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) Write the differences between system and control volume.

(b) A gas undergoes a reversible non-flow process according to the relation P =
(-3V+15)where V is the volume in m3 and P is the pressure in bar. Determine
the work done when the volume changes from 3 to 6 m3 . [6+10]

2. (a) What are the practical difficulties associated with the use of ideal gas ther-
mometer?
(b) A new temperature scale in Degree N is desired with freezing point at 1000
N and the boiling point at 4000 N. Establish a correlation between degrees
Centigrade and degrees N. What will be the absolute temperature at 00 N?
[6+10]

3. (a) State the limitations of first law of thermodynamics.

(b) What is a thermal energy reservoir?
(c) An engine operating on a Carnot cycle works with in temperature limits of
600 K and 300 K. If the engine receives 2000 KJ of heat, evaluate the work
done and thermal efficiency of the engine. [6+2+8]

4. (a) Explain the difference between internal energy and enthalpy of wet and dry
steam
- [7M]
(b) 2 kg of steam initially at a pressure of 12 bar and a temperature of 2500 C
expends polytropically to 1.2 bar. Find [9M]
i. Final condition
ii. Work done
iii. Change in entropy ,assume the index of expansion as 1.25

5. (a) One kg-mol of oxygen under goes a reversible non-flow isothermal compression
and the volume decreases from 0.15m3 /kgto0.06m3 /kg and the initial temper-
ature is 500 C. The gas obeys Vander waal’s equation during the compression.
Find:
i. The work done during the process
ii. The final pressure.
T ake a = 139250N m4 /(kg−mole)2 ; b = 0.0314m3 /kg−mole; R = 8314J/kg mole K

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Code No: R05222103 Set No. 2
(b) The volume of a high altitude chamber is 40m3 If is put into operation by
reducing pressure from 1 bar to 0.4 bar and temperature from250 Cto50 C.
How many kg of air must be removed from the chamber during the process?
Express this mass as a volume measured at 1bar and 250 C. [8+8]

6. (a) .Air at 300 C and 1 bar has a relative humidity of 60 %. Using psychrometric
chart partial pressure of steam
i. Dew point
ii. Humidity ratio
iii. Wet bulb temperature
(b) A mixture 6 kg of O2 and 9 kg of N2 has a pressure of 3 bar and a temperature
of 200 C .Determine for the mixture
i. Mole faction of each component
ii. Molar mass
iii. Specific gas constant
iv. The volume. [8+8]

7. (a) Define mean effective pressure and comment its applications in internal com-
bustion engines.
(b) In an ideal diesel cycle, the pressure and temperature are 1.03 bar and 270 C
respectively. The maximum pressure in the cycle is 50 bar and the heat
supplied during the cycle is 645 kJ/kg. Determine (i) the compression ratio
(ii) the temperature at the end of compression (iii) the temperature at the end
of constant pressure combustion and (iv) the air standard efficiency. Assume
γ = 1.4 and Cp = 1.004 kJ/kg K for air. [6+10]

8. (a) Enumerate the uses of joule cycle.

(b) Show with the help of diagrams the differences between theoretical and actual
vapour compression cycles. [6+10]

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Code No: R05222103 Set No. 3
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
THERMODYNAMICS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. A gas expands according to the equation PV=100, where P is the pressure in KPa
and V is the specific volume in m3 /kg. The initial pressure of the gas is 1000 KPa
and the final pressure is 500 KPa. The gas is then heated at constant volume back
to its original pressure of 1000 KPa. Determine the work of combined process. Also
sketch the process on P-V coordinates. [16]

2. (a) State the zeroth law of thermodynamics. Explain how it forms the basis for
temperature measurement?
(b) A closed system undergoes a thermodynamic cycle consisting of four separate
and distinct processes. The heat and work transferred in each process are as
tabulated below.
Process Heat Transfer in KJ/min Work transfer in KJ/min
1-2 20,000 0
2-3 -10,000 30,000
3-4 0 20,000
4-1 15,000 -25,000
Show that the data is consistent with the first law of thermodynamics. Also evaluate
the net work output in KW and the change in internal energy. [6+10]

3. (a) State the limitations of first law of thermodynamics.

(b) What is a thermal energy reservoir?
(c) An engine operating on a Carnot cycle works with in temperature limits of
600 K and 300 K. If the engine receives 2000 KJ of heat, evaluate the work
done and thermal efficiency of the engine. [6+2+8]

4. (a) Explain pressure-temperature diagram for a pure substance? [7M]

(b) A vessel contains one kg of steam which contains 1/3 liquid and 2/3 vapour
by volume The temperature of the steam is 151.860 C Find the quality, specific
volume and specific enthalpy of the mixture. [9M]

5. (a) Deduce the relation ship between absolute temperature and pressure in an
polytropic process. [7M]
(b) 0.3m3 of air at pressure 8 bars expands to 1.5m3 . The final pressure is 1.3
bar. Assuming the expansion to be polytropic, calculate the heat supplied and
change of internal energy. Take γ= 1.4 [9]

6. (a) Explain psychometric chart .

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Code No: R05222103 Set No. 3
(b) 100m3 of air per min at 400 DBT and 15% relative humidity is passed through
adiabatic humidifier. The air is coming but at 250 C DBT and 200 C WBT Find
i. Dew point temperature
ii. Relative humidity
iii. Water carried by the air per min [6+10]

7. An air standard Otto cycle has a volumetric compression ratio of 6, the lowest cycle
pressure of 0.1 MPa and operates between temperature limits of 270 C and 15690 C.
(i) Calculate the temperature and pressure after the isentropic expansion. (Take
γ = 1.4.) ii) Since it is observed that values in (i) are well above the lowest cycle
operating conditions, the expansion process was allowed to continue down to a
pressure of 0.1 MPa. Which process is required to complete the cycle? Name the
cycle so obtained. (iii) Determine by what percentage the cycle efficiency has been
improved. [16]

8. (a) Explain the important components of a simple vapour compression refrigera-

tion system. Also discuss the functions of each component.
(b) Discuss the effect of sub cooling on C.O.P.of the vapour compression refriger-
ation cycle. Would you derive large sub cooling and why? [8+8]

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Code No: R05222103 Set No. 4
II B.Tech Supplimentary Examinations, Aug/Sep 2008
THERMODYNAMICS
(Aeronautical Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. (a) What is a thermodynamic system? What is the difference between a closed

system and an open system? Give few examples for closed and open systems.
(b) An engine cylinder has a piston of area 0.12 m2 and contains gas at a pressure
of 1.5 MPa. The gas expands according to a process which is represented by
a straight line on a pressure-volume diagram. The final pressure is 0.15 MPa.
Calculate the work done by the gas on the piston if the stroke is 0.30 m.[8+8]

2. A cylinder closed at both ends is divided into two compartments by a frictionless

and freely moveable piston; both the piston and cylinder are perfectly insulated
regarding heat interactions. One compartment contains air and other contains
nitrogen. Initially both air and nitrogen are at 1.0 bar pressure 298 K temperature
and 0.02 m3 volume. An electric heater on the side of air compartment heats the
air till the volume of nitrogen is reduced to 0.01 m3 . Evaluate the final temperature
of air and heat supplied to it. Take for air Cv = 715 J/kg-k, R = 287 J/kg-k and
for nitrogen γ = 1.4. [16]

3. (a) State the limitations of first law of thermodynamics.

(b) What is a thermal energy reservoir?
(c) An engine operating on a Carnot cycle works with in temperature limits of
600 K and 300 K. If the engine receives 2000 KJ of heat, evaluate the work
done and thermal efficiency of the engine. [6+2+8]

4. In a closed vessel the 100 kg of steam at 100 KPa, 0.5 dry is to be brought to a
pressure of 1000KPa inside the vessel. Determine the mass of dry saturated steam
admitted at 2000 KPa for raising pressure. Also determine the final quality. [16]

5. (a) Explain
i. Thrott ling process
ii. Free expansion process.
(b) A steel flask of 0.04m3 capacity is to be used to store nitrogen at 120 bar,
200 C. The flask is to be protected against excessive pressure by a fusible plug.
Which will melt and allow the gas to escape if the temperature rises too high.
i. How many kg of nitrogen will the flask hold at the designed condition?
ii. At what temperature must the fusible plug melts in order to limit the
pressure of a fill flask to a maximum of 150 bars. [6+10]

6. (a) Explain Avagadros laws of additive volumes.

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Code No: R05222103 Set No. 4
(b) A psychrometric reads 360 C WBT and 400 C DBT. Find the humidity ratio,
relative humidity, dew point temperature, specific volume and enthalpy of air.
[7+9]

7. (a) For the same compression ratio, show that the efficiency of Otto cycle is greater
thanthat of Diesel cycle.
(b) What is meant by Hot air Engine? Which air-standard cycle is used in study-
ing an Hot air engine? Explain it in detail. [6+10]

8. (a) Draw the line diagram of the Bell-Coleman refrigeration cycle. Explain with
the help of a P-V diagram, different processses in the cycle.
(b) Explain its advantages and disadvantages of Bell-Coleman cycle. [8+8]

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