PRE FA C E

T HE l a the is t h e m a st e r t o o l It h a s t a ken a
.

g r e a t p a rt in t h e p r o g r e s s o f civiliz a ti o n a n d
o f a ll t h e m a chin e s o f p r o du cti o n it i s t h e m o st
,

imp o rt ant .

In t h e t r em en d o u s m a s s o f t e chn ic a l lit e r a tur e

publi sh e d in t h e Unit e d S t a t e s the r e is n o t o n e
,

v o lum e d ev o t e d wh o l eh ea r t e dly t o t h e l a the fr o m

t h e st a n dp o int o f t h e b egin n e r t h e m a n wh o d e
—

si re s t o l ea rn it s u s e s a s an a m a t eu r T h e re a r e
.

m a ny v olum e s d e a ling with l a rg e l a th e s fr o m t h e

in du s t r i a l vi ewpo int b ut th e s e a r e m o r e o r l e s s
,

u s e l e s s t o t h e m a n wh o kn o W s littl e o r n o thin g

a b o ut l a th e o p e r a ti o n .

In thi s v o lum e t h e w r it er h a s en d e a v o r e d t o s et
f o rth t h e b a s ic p rin cipl e s o f l a th e o p e r a ti o n a n d
m anip ul a ti o n in a w a y th a t will in t e r e s t a n d in
,

st ruct t h e l a ym a n Th e b o o k s t a rts a t t h e v e ry
.

b o tt o m a n d en d s a t a p o in t b ey o n d which t h e
a v e r a g e a m a t eu r d o e s n o t c a r e t o g o
.

T h e a uth o r d e s i r e s t o a ckn o wl e dg e h i s th a n ks
t o t h e f o ll o wi n g m en wh o a s s i s t e d in t h e p r ep a r a
ti on o f t h e v o lum e Th e m o d el na v a l g un de
.

3
4! Prefa c e

s r c ib e d h a pt er XIII i s t h e w o r k o f M r F H
in C . . .

L ubb y .Th e m o d e l en gin e e r s l a th e d e s c r ib e d i n

’

C h a p t e r XI i s t h e d e s ign o f Mr H e n ry G r e e nly
.
,

a n E n gli s h a u th o r i t y o n m o d e l en gin e e r in g Mr . .

Jo s e ph D a n t e Jr d e s ign e d t h e jig s a w l a th e a t
,
.
,
-

t a c h m en t wh ich f o rm s p a r t o f C h a pt e r IV Th e .

a ut h o r a l s o wi s h e s t o th a n k h i s wif e w h o n o t o nly
,

m a d e s t en o gr a phic n o t e s o f t h e c o n t e n t s o f t h e
en ti r e b o o k b u t a l s o typ e d t h e m a nu s c r ipt
, .

F eb ru a ry , 1 9 22 .

T H E A U T H OR .
 C O NTENT S

C HAPT ER I

C HOOSING A LATH E
PA GE
Pric e of —
L a t h es C a t al o g ue s -
W o o d—Turn ing L at h es
M et a l Turn ing L a t h e s— F ea t ur es of C o n s t ru c t i o n

C o n e B ea ri n g s Sp ee d s — B e a r i n g s — B en c h L at h e s
— T a il S t o c k— S en ec a F a lls L at he — Ub r an L a t h es
G r e enley L a t h e— M illers F a lls L a t h e— G o o dell Pra t t -

L at h e — B a rn e s L at h es Pr ec l s i o n L a t h es Rivet t , ,

C HA PTER I I
S ETTING U P AND DRIVIN G T HE LATHE
h — —
Unpa cking t e Lat h e C lea ning t h e L at h e S et t in g up t h e
L a t h e F o un d a t io n Po s it i o n—AL eveling— C o unt er
s h a ft L in e S h a ft Po w er Ne c es s ary M ount ing
Power Mot o r

C HA PTER II I

THE LAT HE A ND IT s P AR T S
A nalysis o f t h e h —
L at e B a c k G ea s
r — S c r ew C ut t ing Part s
A p r o n— C arr ia g e — M a ni p ula t io n o f C a rr ia g e
— C a re

of L at h e, et c

C HAPTE R IV

LATHE AT TA C H M E NT S AN D T HEI R USE

C ent e Rest s M lling A t a ch m nt s Gea C ut t ing A t t ac h
r — i t — e r

m nte Th e d C ut t in g A t t h m n t
s r a -
G in ding ac e s r
6 C o nt ent s

C HA PTER V

ME ASU RIN G T OOL S A ND T HEI R U SE

PA G E

Sca l e — u r —
Sq a e Out s i de C p ers— I n side C lip e s— D ep t h
a li a r

m
G a ug e Mi c r o et er
— D e p t h G au g e— M i c r o met e — Ve r r

n i er— Us e Of M i c o m et e
r — D i ll G a u g e S p i n g D i
rs
— r r

v i d er s
— Th ea d G a uges
r — Sn p G a ug e s — a Use o f M a s e

ur i n g T o o ls

C HAPT ER VI

A LE SS O N IN METAL T U R NING
C ut t in g A c t o n o f L a e L a e
i t h — t h T o o l s — Us e o f Vario us
—
To o ls Gr in di n g To o ls — S i le mp —
T urn in g Fi n di n g
C en t ers — M o unt ing W o r k— Lat h e D o g— Po s it iv e a nd

Neg a t ive R a ke on L at h e T o o ls — Ha n d Turnin g

Ha n d Tur n in g T o o s U
s in g L a t h e D
,

l —
as r i ll Pr e s s
No t es o n ril lD
s— D
i s c Grin der

C HA PTER VII

ADVA N C ED LAT HE W ORK

o f C h uc k— M an drels — —
B o r in g B o rin g T o o ls— B o ring
B a rs— B o r in g C y lin d er s— St r a pp
i n g W o rk t o L a t h e
'

C ar a ge
ri — F c
a e P l at e — E c en t
c r i c T u r n ing — E c c e nt r i c
Ma n drel — A n g le Pla t e Ta p er Tur ni n g — Us e of

Rea mers

C HAPT ER VIII

SC REW C U TTING
of H a nd C h a sers— I ns i de and Out s ide C h asers— Use
of S c r ewC u t ng L t e
t i a h — C h a n ge G ea s
r — Th r ea d C ut
— — —
t i ng To o ls I n s ide To o l O ut s ide T OO L Us e o f L u
b r i c an t s
 C o n t en t s 7

C HAPT E R IX

W OOD T UR NING
PAG E
W o od Tur ning L a t e S ee
h — d s — M o nt ng W ork
u i p — To o ls
Us e o f Va ri o us To o ls Sh a r en in g To ol s — Finish ing
— p
—
Surfaces C h oi c e o f

C HA PTER X

METAL SP INNING
L at h e fo r Met al i ip
S nn n g— Tee R t
es s— T o o lsl — Use -
of

V a r i o u s T o o ls — M et a ls — A nne a lin g— Use of F or ms

C en t er s— S amp le Tur ning—; M o unt ing W o k
r — Speeds

C HA PTER XI

BU IL D ING AN A M ATEU R S ’
M E TAL T UR NI NG LATHE
G en eral D e s c ri p t io n of L at h e— L at h e B ed— Pa t t er n s
C a s t in g s M a c h inin g— A s semb ling— W ork B en c h
C o un t er s h aft A c c es s o ri e s Ji g S aw A t t a c h m en t
S de
li R e t
s — G r i n i
d gn T a l e
— b Ha n d F ilin g Jig— C ir
cular s aw

C HA PTER X II

BU IL DI NG A I
S M PL E W OOD T UR NING L ATHE
Ma p le B ed —
Pa t t erns C a s t in gs f -
Ma c h ining Assembly
—

At t ac h m ent s 0 0 0 0 0 . o c o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

C HA PTER X III

How To BU IL D A MOD EL RAPI D FI RE NAVAL -

GUN

Gun De s ig n — Ma c h inin of Pa rt s— U se of D B it — Pol

g
-

— —
ish ing Fin ish in g A ss e mbly , et c .
 L IST O F IL L UST RATIONS
P AGE
A Simple t y p e of wo o d t urnin g -
a nd ligh t met al t urning
-

lat h e
2 A . p ower driven woo d t urnin g lat h e
-
a

A go o d t y p e o f s c rew c ut t in g lat h e -
wit h fo ot -
p ower
driv e . T h is lat h e ca n als o b e driv en b y a n elec t ric

mot or
4 . A s m all b en ch la t h e o f sub s t a nt ial des ign s uit a ble fo r
m o del m aking and sm all t urning 25
5 . A b enc h t y p e pr ec isio n la t h e . 26
6 . A b en c h t y p e p re c is io n lat h e wit h c o mp o und Slide rest -
. 27
7 . A fo o t p o wer s crew c ut t ing lat h e wit h a co mp o und
- -

Slide rest 28
8 . Th e l a t h e s h o wn in Fig 7 o unt e d for . m b en c h wo rk 29
9 . An En glis h t y e D ru p mm
o n d la t h e wit h a ro und b ed . . 30
10 A . r —
s c ew c ut t ing la t h e wit h m o t o r m o unt ed in t h e h ead
a 31
11 . A go o d a m a t eur b en c h la t h e wit h p a rallel st eel ro d s fo r
t h e b ed 32
12 A . c o unt ers h a ft fo r use wit h m all lat h e
a s 36
13 . Ho w t h e la t h e is s et up in t h e Sh o p . .

14 . HOW t h e sh aft h a ngers a re h eld t o t h e c eiling of t h e Sh op 39

15 . A s m all c o unt ersh aft fo r a b en c h la t h e
A sm all p o wer mo t o r suit a ble fo r driving a b ench lat h e
I

16 . . 41
17 . A sp ec ial c o un t ers h aft fo r use wit h a pre cisio n lat h e . 42
18 . Ho w a s m all prec isio n la t h e is set up wit h a sec ond
c o unt ersh a ft t o driv e t h e grin ding a t t a c h m ent .

19 . A sub st a n t ial s c rew c ut t ing lat h e

-
T h e na m es o f t h e .

v ario us p art s are de sc rib ed in t h e t e xt .

20 . How t h e c o ne pulley o n t h e c ount ersh aft and lat h e

Sp in dle are arran ged t o o b t ain v a rio us s p eed s

21 . Ho w t h e b a c k gea rs o f a lat h e are arranged

22 . A c o m po und Slide rest -
.
10 Li s t f
o Illus t ra t i o ns

FI G .

23 A . mic romet er c ollar plac ed on t h e c ro ss feed h andle -

.

24 . A t h ree -

j a wed c ent er re s t -
.

25 . A t wo -

j a we d c ent er re s t -
.

26 . A la t h e mil ling at t a c h m ent

27 A t wo in c h
.
-
milling c ut t er
28 . Ano t h er t y p e o f m illing at t a c h m ent .

A m illing at t a c h m ent for a b en c h lat h e

'

29 . This a t t a ch .

m ent h as an index plat e . 60

30 . A lat h e gear c ut t in g a t t a c h m ent
-
61
31 . A at
l h e g ear —c ut t in g a t t a c h m en t us ed t o fl ut e rea m ers . 63
32 . A gea r c ut t ing a t t a c h m ent fixed t o t h e h ea d o f a pre
-

c isio n la t h e .

33 A . s c rew c ut -
t ing at t a c h m ent fo r t h e pre C ISIO Il b en c h
la t h e
34 . Ano t h er t y p e o f s c re w c ut t ing a t t a c h
-
m en t fo r a ben ch
la t h e
35 . A t urret fo r. a ben c h lat h e wit h wh ic h Six differen t
o p era t io n s c a n b e p erfo rm e d .

36 . A c i c ular s a w a t t a c h m ent fo r a b en c h la t h e
r

37 . A j ig s a w a t t a c h m ent fo r a b en c h la t h e
-
.

38 . A grin din g S p in dle a t t a c h ed t o t h e Slide re s t o f a pre -

c isio n b e n c h la t h e .

39 . An elec t ric t o o l p o s t grinder fo r a large la t h e

-

40 . A h o e a de j g s aw fo r a b en c h la t h e
m m i —
41 . Th e dra wings fo r a s m all j ig s aw -

42 . Th e m a in c a s t ing fo r a file rest

4 3 Fro nt
. view o f t he c a s t in g f
.

44 . Ba c k v iew o f t he c a s t in g

45 . T h e dim ensio ns o f t h e roller pins

46 . T h e dim e ns io ns o f t h e ro llers
47 . Ho w t h e in dex a t t a c h me nt is fi ed t o t h e lat h e x .

48 . Th e in dex pull ey for t h e filing a t t a c h m ent

49 A . m a ch inis t s
’
fo ur -
in c h s c ale

5 0 A S cale
. a n d s quare c o mbined
51 . A mbined s c ale and s quare wit h
co 45
°
a ngle

52 . Inside c alip ers

 Dis t f
o I llus t ra t i o ns 1

FI G .

53 T h e use
. o f ins ide c ali p ers
54 . Th e j
a d ust ment pers
o f inside c ali

55 . C alip ers for o ut side m easurem ent s

56 . Adj us t m ent o f o u t side c alip ers
57 . T h e use o f o ut s ide c alip ers
58 . A dep t h gauge
59 . T h e use o f t h e dep t h gauge .

60 . A mi cro m et er de p t h ga uge .

61 . A m ic ro m et er fo r v ery a c c urat e m eas urement s

62 . A mic ro m e t er s c a le .

63 . A mic ro m et er rea ding o f i inc h

64 . A mic ro m e t er v ernier fo r m eas uring wit h a n a c cura cy
of o ne t e n t h O II san dt h of an in c h
'

65 A . mi c ro m et er wit h a t est p iec e used fo r m aint a ining it s

a dj u s t m e n t .
98
66 A drill gau ge
. .
98
6 7 Spring d iv id ers
. a n d s c ri b er 99
Adj us t ing S p ring dividers 100
69 A . s m all t h rea d gauge 101
70 Th e
. use o f a t h rea d gau ge 1 01
A sna p gau ge .
102
Th e direc t io n of t h e wo rk in rela t io n t o t h e la t h e t o o l . 103
73 A . co mplet e set o f la t h e t o o ls 1 04
74 . The us e o f la t h e t o o ls . . 106
75 A . piec e o f sa mple t urning 107
76 . A self c ent erin g pun c h
-
. 1 07
77 . Fin din g a c ent er fo r s p ring div iders . 1 08
78 A . c ent erin g drill 1 09
79 Pro p er lat h e
. c ent ers 109
80 C . ent ers ma de wit h a n ordin a ry drill 1 09
81 . A la t h e—
do g . 1 10
82 . M et ho ds o f us in g la t h e d o g
a -
. 1 10
8 3 Sh o wing t h e
. m rake
e a nin g o f a n ega t iv e 111
84 . Lat h e t oo l in p o sit io n for c ut t ing . 1 12
Th e use o f t h e p art ing t o o l 1 15
86 . T h e pro p er p osit io n for h a d t urning
n — 1 16
12 L is t o f I llus t ra t i o n s

Ha nd -
t urning t oo ls
C o rrec t a n d in c o rre c t p o sit io n fo r t h e h o o ke d t o o l .

In s id e t urn ing wit h h a nd t o o ls

A drill c h uc k fo r t h e t a il—s t o c k
A V—c en t er for t h e la t h e .

A m et a l d rill a n d t he na mes of it s p a rt s

A drill—grin din g gauge

Ho w a drill is gro un d fo r bra ss
C ut t in g t h ea ds o n a s m a ll b en c h la t h e
r

A dis c g in der fo r us e o n a s m a ll la t h e
r

A s m a ll c o m pre s sIO n c h u c k a n d it s use

D i m en s io n s o f a bus h in g t o b e m a d e b y t h e use of a

c o mp e ss io n c h u c k
r .

U sing a s m all lat h e a s a g inding h ea d r

A p ie c e of s m all t u n in g r .

Th e w o k m o unt e d o n t h e c h uc k
r

Ho w a rin g is t urn ed o ut

Ho w bra s s t ubin g is mo unt ed in a c h uck

“

A pulley t o b e t urn ed o n a m an drel

Th e p ulley m o unt e d o n a m a n drel
Ho w t h e p ulley is fo rc ed o nt o t h e m an drel
A c up t o b e t urn e d o ut o n t h e la t h e
Ho w b o ring t o ol is m o unt ed
t he .

Imp ro p er clea an c e o n t h e b o in g t o o l
r r .

A b o ing b a fo Sh o rt c ut s
r r r

A large b o rin g b a r . .

Ho w wo k t o b e b o red o ut is m o un t e d
r on t h e la t h e
c a rria ge .

Ho w c a rria ge b olt s are used in m o unt ing wo k r

T h e la t h e fa c e plat e -
.

A p ulley m o unt ed o n t h e la t h e fa c e plat e -

Ho w a c y lin der t o b e b o red is m o unt e d o n t h e fa ce

plat e .

Sh o win g t h e use o f woo den b lo c ks in m o unt ing wo rk .

—
An ec c ent ric m o unt e d o n a fa c e pla t e
An e c c ent ric m andrel .
 Li s t o f I llus tra t i o n s 3

FI G
,
A E
P G

1 20 Fa c ing
. o ff a s plit bearing wit h a n a ngle -
plat e 14 1
An ble c o unt er weigh t
a d ust a j -
14 2
1 22 . An elb o w m o unt ed o n an angle pla t e -
14 2
1 23 . T urnin g c i c ul ar pla t es o f t h in Sh eet m et al
r 14 3
1 24 . Sh o win g t h e use o f a la rge rea m er . 144
1 25 A . c h a s er us e d in c ut t ing
t h rea ds b y h an d . 14 6
126 . p
Finding t h e it c h o f a sc rew wit h o ut a t h rea d gauge . 14 7
1 27 . Ho w a t h rea d is c ut by t h e use o f h an d c h asers 14 7
Th e pro p er p o sit io n o f a h and c h a ser in c ut t ing t h rea ds 14 8
1 29 . Th e us e o f a n int ern a l c h a ser . 1 50
1 30 A gear t ra in o n a s c rew c ut t in g la t h e
.
-
. 1 52
13 1 A la t h e in dex lat e
. p 1 53
1 32 Ho w a t hr ea d —t o o l is gro un d
. 1 54
1 33 A t h re a d t o o l ga u ge
.
-
1 54
134 . Sh o win g t h e use o f
t h rea d ga uge 155
1 35 . An in t ern al t h rea d c ut t in g t o o l-

1 56
136 ; A go o d wo o d t urn in g lat h e -
. 158
. p
137 A s ur c en t er fo r us e o n a wo o d t urning lat h e -
1 59
138 . A s c rew c ent er u s e d in wo o d t urning -
1 60
139 T h e
. manipulat io n o f a wo o d t urning t o ol -
16 1
14 0 A . s et o f woo d t urnin g t o o ls
-
. 16 3
14 1 . Fa c e plat e fo r wo o d t urning
- -
16 8
14 2 . A t ee rest wit h fulc rum pin s used in m et al Sp inning
-
. 1 77
14 3 . A rev o lving b a c k— c en t er fo r us e In m et al s p inni ng 1 78
144 . A set o f m et al s pinnin g t o o ls
-
. . 1 79
14 5 . A c o pp er c up t o b e s pun . 18 1
14 6 . T h e c o pp er dis c m o unt ed o n t h e wo o den blo c k o r fo rm
t o m ake t h e c o pp er c up sh o wn in Fig 14 5 . .

14 7 . T h e fo rm m o unt e d o n t h e fa ce p la t e -

14 8 . Sh o win g t h e p o sit io n o f t h e c o pp er disc o n t h e lat h e

rea dy for s p innin g .

14 9 . A m ore ela b o ra t e c up an d fo llo w up b lock ,

-

1 50 . A Simple rev o lving cent er

15 1 . A goo d a m at eur b en c h lat h e
Sh owin g t h e c o n s t ruc t io n o f t h e lat h e pic t ured in
‘

15 2 .

Fig .
14 Li s t of I llu s t r a t io n s

A E
P G

Ho w t h e b abb it t ing for t h e la t h e b ea rings is do ne 1 97

Th e c o n st ruc t io n o f t h e la t h e slide res t -
198
Th e co nst ruc t io nal det ails of t h e am at eur ben c h lat h e . 200
Th e c o ns t ruc t io na l det ails o f t h e a m a t eur b en c h la t h e 204
Th e co mp let ed am a t eur s
’
wo o d -
t urning lat h e . 208
Lat h e p a t t erns 209
C o n s t ruc t io n al det ails o f wo o d -
t urn ing la t h e . 21 1
Th e la t h e b ed a s se mbled 2 12
Th e m o del ra p id fi e gun
-
r 218
T h e b arrel o f t h e m o del gun 2 19
T h e b a s e an d c arria ge fo r t h e m o del gun 2 19
C o n st ruc t io nal det a ils o f t h e m o del gun 22 1
C o nst ruc t io nal det a ils o f t h e m o del gun 223
C o n st ruc t io nal det ails o f t h e m odel gun 225
C o n st ru c t io nal det ails of t h e m o del gun 228
 L ATHE W ORK FOR BEGINNERS

C H A PTE R I
‘
C HO O S ING A LA THE

Pri c e of L at h es— C at alo gues— W o o d Tur ning L at h es— M et a l

Tur nin g h —
L at es F eat ures of C o ns t r u c i
t on— C o ne B e ar
in g s S p ee ds — B e aring s — B en c h L at h es — Tai l St o c k
— Sen e c a F al ls La t h e— Urb a n L at h e — Greenley L at h e
M iller s F al ls L a t h e— G o o dell Pr a t t La t h e— B a r nes L at h es
-

— Pre c is i o n L a t h e s R iv et t St a r k A m e s e t c -

, , , , .

T H E RE i s mu ltitu d e o f s m a ll lo w prI c ed l a th e s
a ,

on t h e m a rke t Th e m o r e exp en siv e m a chin e s a r e

.
,

o f c o u r s e o f t h e p r e cisi o n typ e a n
,
d c ann o t i n a n y
w a y b e c o mp a r e d W ith t h e in ex p en s iv e t o o l s i n
t en d e d fo r a m a t eur u s e In t hi s C h a pt e r t h e
.

re a d e r i s giv e n in f o r m a ti o n th a t will g r e a tly a s s i s t

h im in ma ki n g a go o d ch o ic e Mu ch d epen d s up o n
.

t h e mo n ey a v a il a bl e fo r exp en ditu r e a n d t h e ,

n a tu r e o f t h e w o rk t o b e d o n e .

In c h o o s I ng a l a th e t h e s tu d e nt s h ould fi r s t s en d
,

fo r t h e v a ri o u s c a t a l ogu e s o f a ll t h e r e pu t a bl e
m anuf a ctur e r s o f s m a ll l ath e s E a ch c a t a l o gue .

Sh o uld b e g o n e o v e r C a r e fully an d t h e in di vidual

17
18 L a t he W o rk fo r B egi n ners

f e a tur e s of l a the s n o t e d In this wa y t h e pr o

the .

s pe c t iv e p u r ch a s e r c a n a cqu a in t him s e lf with t h e

m a nuf a ctur er s cl a im s with o ut fin din g it n e c e s

’

s a r y t o a ctua lly in s p e ct t h e l a th e A n exp en s iv e .

Si mp le ty p e . Of W oo d t urning
-
a nd m et al
-
t urning
la t h e .

l a the with a ll a tt a chment s inv o lv e s a c o n s id er a bl e

, ,

o utl a y o f m o n ey a n d n o n e b ut a n in c a u ti o u s pur
,

ch a s er w ould c a re t o m ake this inv e stm ent with o ut

fir s t b ein g s u r e o f t h e qu a lity o f t h e t o o l h e is
buyin g .
20 L a t he Work fo r B egi nners

o f a ny f o rm and th e r e fo r e all t urnl ng mu s t b e .

d o n e with h an d t o o ls .

A littl e w o o d t urn in g l a th e o f m o r e s ub s t a n ti al
-

c on st ructi o n a n d s elling a t a mu ch high er figur e

, ,

FI G . 2.
— A p o we r -
driv en woo d t urning la t h e
-
.

is h o wn in Fig 2 T hi s i s kn o wn a s t h e S ene c a
s . .

F a lls l a th e a n d c o n t a in s m a ny f e a tur e s which a re

n o t in clu d e d in t h e ch e a p e r t o ol d e s c r ib e d a b o v e .

It h a s a m a chin e d b e d which is fl a t on o ne s i de an d
V s h a p e d o n t h e o th er T his is a v er y imp o r t a nt
-
.

"

c o n s id e r a ti o n a nd c o n t ribut e s g re a tly t o the a o

 C h o o si n g a L a t he 21

cur a cy of them a chine sin c e it ke eps c ent er s ex

,

a c t ly o pp o s it e o n e a n o th e r T hi s l a th e h a s a 1 0
.

inch s win g an d t h e b e d i s 3 f ee t in l ength Th e .

m a ximum di s t a nc e b e tw e en c ent er s o r I n o t h e r ,

w o r ds t h e m a ximum l e n gth o f w o rk it will a c c om

mo d a t e m ea s ur e s 1 4 inch e s Th e l a th e s h o wn m a y
,
.

b e pu r ch a s e d with e ith e r a c o un t e r s h a f t fo r p o w er
d r iv e o r with a f o o t —p o we r a tt a chm en t Thi s l a the .

h a s a c o n e pull ey with f o u r s t e p s by m e a n s o f
which v a r i o u s ch a n g e s in s p ee d ma y b e b r o ught
a b o ut.

It is t o b e un de r st o o d th a t w o o d t urning c an b e
a cc o mpli s h e d o n a n y l a th e b ut o n t h e o th e r h a n d
, ,

a ccu r a t e m e t a l tu rn in g c a n o n ly b e d o n e p r o p e rly

o n a m e t a l tu r n ing l a th e
-
.

T h e r e a r e a few g en e r a l p o in ts o f c o n s t r u cti o n
which t h e pu r ch a s e r s h o uld h a v e in min d b e f o r e
ch o o s in g t h e l a th e h e i s t o u s e 111 h i s Sh o p T h e .

fir st thing h e s h o uld lo o k o ut fo r i s a h o ll o w
o

spindl e Thi s I s a v er y imp o r t an t c o n s id e r a ti on

.

a n d c o n t rib u t e s g r e a tly t o t h e u s e fuln e s s a n d c o n

,

v eni en c e o f t h e t o o l S t o ck c a n b e fe d th r o ugh this

.

h o ll o w s pin dl e a n d in t h e c a s e o f m akin g dupli

,

c a t e p a r t s a g r ea t s aving in tim e a n d t r o ubl e i s

ma d e p o s s ibl e Th e u s e o f t h e h o ll o w s pin dl e will
.

b e m en ti o n e d in a l a t e r ch a pt e r A l s o t h e en d o f .
,

t h e h o ll o w spin dl e n e a re st t h e chuck s h o uld b e

22 L a t he W o rk fo r B egi n n ers

b o r e d o ut fo r r e c eivin g s t an d a r d No 1 M o r s e .
,

t a p er t o o l s et c
,
.

T h e n ex t t hin g o f imp o r t a n c e t o c o n s id e r i s
t h e b e a r in g s .In f a ct it c a n s a f e ly b e s a id th a t
,

a l a th e i s n o b ett e r th a n I t s b e a r in g s If t h e b ea r
.

in g s a r e l o o s e a n d in a ccu r a t e it i s imp o s s ibl e t o

,

a cc o mpli s h a cc u r a t e t iir n i n g T h e m o r e exp en s iv e

.

l a th e s a r e e qu ipp e d with e it h e r b r o n z e o r bab

bitt e d b e a r ing s T h e s e b e a ring s Sh o uld b e o f a
.

c o n e Sh a p e s o tha t it will b e p o s s ibl e to t a k e up

t h e w e a r o n t h e b e a r in g s a s t h e l a th e gr o w s o l d .

It i s o nly p o s s ibl e t o d o thi s with a c o n e s h a p e d

b e a rin g a n d fo r thi s r e a s o n t h e a m a t eur Sh o uld
,

t ry t o s e cu r e a l a th e W I t h t hi s f e a tu r e Th e a d
.

j u s tm e nt i s g en e r a lly b r ought a b o ut by a c o lla r a t

t h e l e ft h a n d en d o f t h e liv e s pin dl e
-
It i s p o s s ibl e
.

t o s c r ew thi s c o ll a r up t o a dj u s t t h e c o n e b e a rin gs .

T h e l a th e b e d i s a n impo r t a n t thin g a n d t h e
a ccu r a cy of t h e m a chin e will d e p en d l a rg e ly
u p o n it . On s m a ll e r l a th e s o f t h e b en ch t yp e t h e ,

be d i s gen er a lly m a d e fl a t with a s qu a r e Sl o t in

t h e c en t e r fo r guidin g t h e t a il s t o ck in a lignm e n t
with t h e h e a d s t o ck On t h e l a r g e r Siz e s t h e b ed
.
,

i s u s u a lly p r o vid e d with a V Sh a p e d r idg e o n

- .

eith e r o n e o r b o th Sid e s . T hi s r idg e a ct s a s a

gu id e fo r b o th t a il s t o ck a n d c a rr i a ge ke e pin g ,

t h em in t h e s a m e p o s iti o n i n r el a ti o n t o t h e c ent e r s .
 C h oos i n g a L a t he 23

Th e b ed of l a th e Sh o uld a lwa ys b e m a chine d

the ,

th a t i s it Sh ould a lwa y s b e mill e d by t h e m a nufa c

,

tur e r The r e a r e a numb e r o f am a t eur b en ch

.

l a th e s o n t h e m a r ke t with un m a chin e d b e d s an d -

th ey a r e n o t w o r th t h e m e t al th a t i s in th em .

T h e t a il s t o ck o f a l a th e s h o uld b e h eld by a
cl a mp t o t h e l a th e be d an d by lo o s ening thi s cl amp
,

t h e t a il s t o ck Sh o uld b e r e a di ly a n d quickly m o v e d
t o a ny p o siti o n within i t s r a n g e o n t h e b e d Th e .

littl e l a t h e sh own i n F ig 3 h a s a v e ry u s e ful a d

.

diti o n t o i t s t a il s t o ck T h e r e ar e t w o s e p a r a t e
.

p a rts o n t h e t a il s t o ck b o dy Th e t o p p a rt c a n b e
.

m o v e d o n a swiv e l a n d thu s t h e b a ck o r de a d
c en t e r c an b e a dj u s t e d fo r t a p e r tu rnin g T h e .

t o p p o r ti o n o f t h e t a ilst o ck c a n b e h e ld a t v a r i o u s
a n gl e s by m e a n s o f a s et s c r e w a t t h e b a c k No t '

m any l a t h e s p o s s e s s thi s s impl e but u s e ful f o r m o f

t a il s t o ck a n d y e t it is a f e a tur e well w o r th n o
, ,

ticin g .

T h el a t h e sh o wn in Fig 3 is a B a rn e s m a ch ine.

o f t h e f o o t p o w e r typ e
-
It is a s cr ew Cutting t o o l
. .

By this i s m e an t th a t t h e liv e spi n dl e c a n b e c on

n ec t e d with a t r a in o f g e a r s t o t h e l e a d s c r ew ” “
,

which is a l o ng r o d c o nt a in in g th r e a d s th a t run s
p a r a ll el t o t h e l a th e b o dy By m e a n s o f a s plin e d
.
i

nut , t h e c a r ri a g e o f t h e l a th e c a n b e c a u s e d t o
m o ve by thi s l e a d s cr ew wh en it is r ev o lv e d by
24 L a t he Wo rk for B egi n n ers

the h e a d s t o ck Spin dl e thr o ugh t h e t r a in o f g e a r s

m enti o n e d In this w ay it i s p o s s ibl e t o c ut s c r ew
.

FI G . 3.
— A go o d t y p e o f s c re w c ut t ing la t h e wit h fo o t
- -
p o wer drive .

T h is la t h e c a n a ls o b e d riv en by a n e le c t ric m
ot or .

th re a d s A ll l a the s and
.
e x p en s iv e v a r i e ty are
s c r e w c u t t in g fi t m e n t s .
,
esp e cia lly th o s e o f t h e I n
,
no t p r o vid e d with t h e
A s e t o f ext r a g e a r s o f
 C hoos i ng a L a t he 25

i
va r o u s Siz e s Sh o uld b e p r ovid e d with s c r ew c ut -

tin g l a th e s s o th a t diffe r en t s p e e ds which c o r r e

, ,

s p o n d t o di ffer en t th r e a ds c a n b e giv en t o t h e l e a d
,

s c r ew T h e l a th e sh o wn in F ig 3 a ls o h a s wh at
. .

a r e kn o wn a s b a ck g e a r s T his is a n a dditi o n
“ ”
.

o f g r e a t imp o r t a n c e which sh o uld n o t b e o v e r

lo o k e d W ith th e s e b a ck g e a r s it is p o s sibl e t o
.
,

FI G . 4.
— A small b enc h lat h e o f s ub st ant ia l d e s ign s uit a bl
e fo r m o del

m king
a an d s m a ll t urnin g .

g r e a tly r e du c e t h e Sp e e d o f t h e s pindl e a n d t o
multiply t h e p o w e r deliv e r e d t o t h e s pin dle s o
’

a s t o a cc o mplis h h e a vy t ur ning which c o uld n o t

b e d o n e a t a high er sp e ed .

No l a th e c o m e s furnish e d with a chuck Th e .

chu ck is alwa y s c o n s id e r e d a s a s ep a r a t e a tt a ch
m en t which i s n o t in clu de d in t h e p ric e o f t h e l a th e .
26 L a t he W ork for B eginners

Fi g 4
. sh o ws a sm a ll l a th e o f t h e G o o d ell Pr a t t -

m a ke which I s a v e ry Subst an ti a l an d w ell m a d e

littl e t o o l r e a s o n a bly p r ic e d It i s c a p a bl e o f .

d o ing ve ry a ccur a t e w o r k a nd a lth o ugh limit e d ,

I n its c ap a city it is a n ex t r em e ly u s e ful m a chin e ;

,

with its a tt a chm ents it c an b e u s e d fo r p r a ct ic a lly

a ny o p e r a ti o n which t h e l a r g e r m a chin e s are

e quipp e d t o h a n dl e T hi s l a th e h as c o n e b ea rin gs
.
,

FI G . 5 .
-
A b e nc h ty p p
e re c is io n la t h e .

a h o ll o w spin dl e a n d a mIlle d b e d Th e t a ilst o ck .

o f this t o o l h a s a f e a t u r e which i s f o un d o n few

m a chin e s T h e t a il s t o ck spin dl e c an b e o p e r a t e d
.

e ith er by sc r e w o r l ev e r Th e l ev e r m e th o d o f mo v
.

i ng t h e t a ilst o ck s pin dl e i s ex t r emely u s e ful wh en

‘

d rillin g SIn c e it p e rmits r a pid m o ti o n T his l a the

, .

i s fu rni s h e d with t h e a tt a chm ents sh o wn a n d o th e r .

u s e ful a tt a chm en ts c an b e p u r ch a s e d fo r it as .

will b e d es crib e d in C h a pt e r IV .

A S t a r k pr ec i s i o n b en c h l a th e is sh o wn in Fig 5
r
. .
28 L a t he Wo rk fo r B egi nn ers

w ell t a ken c a r e o f O th erwi s e th ey d ep r eci a t e

.

r a pidly In f a ct n o l a th e will s t a n d a g r e a t d ea l
.
,

o f a b u s e wi t h o ut s h o wi ng it in t h e w o r k it t ur n s

o ut .

7 —A foo t -
p o we r s c rew c ut t ing
-
lat h e wit h a co mp ound s lide

rest .

A n o th e r typ e o f m e t a l turning l a the i s s h o wn in

Fig 7 Thi s is a s cr ew cuttin g l a th e with f o o t
. .

p o w e r d riv e T h e c o mp o un d s lide r e s t i s a g rea t

.

c o nv en i en c e a n d i s a p o int t h a t Sh o uld no t b e o v e r
 C h o os i ng a L a t he 9

l o o ke d wh en pur ch a sing a l a th e Th e t ailst o ck.

o f t hi s m a chi n e c a n b e o ff s e t fo r tu rni ng t a p e r s
-

which is an o the r d e si ra ble f ea tur e A no th er p o in t

.

i n f a v o r o f thi s m a chin e i s t h e en cl o s ing of t h e

g ea r s which n o t o nly p r eve nts th em f r o m g e tting
,

du sty a n d fill e d with gr it b ut a l s o c o v e r s th em s o

,

FI G 8 — T h e lat h e s h own in Fig 7

. . . mount ed f ben or ch work .

th a t cl o thin g o r fing er s c a nn o t b e c aught This .

l a th e c an b e h a d w ith Sh o r t e r l egs t o s e rv e a s a
b ench m a chin e a s s h o wn in Fig 8 . .

T h e E ng lish D rumm o n d l a th e i s Sh o wn in Fig 9 . .

T his l at h e c an n o w b e p u r ch as e d i n A m e r ic a a n d ,

is one o f t h e b e st exp erim en t a l l a th e s t h e b e ginn e r

c an a c qui r e . T h e r o un d b e d i s a n inn ov a ti o n in
l a the c on st ru cti on an d h a s c e r t ain a dvan t a g e s a s
w ell a s s o m e dis a dv a n t a g e s Th e writ er h a s h ea r d
.

m a chin e c r itics s a y th a t th er e w o uld b e a t en d en cy

’
30 L a t he Wo rk fo r B egi nners

on the p a rt of c a r ri a g e t o twist wh en a r eal

the
h e a vy c ut i s t a ken H o we v e r thi s i s w ell t ak en
.
,

c a r e Of in i t s de s ign a n d thi s e ff ect is unlikely in

,
i

o r din a r y tu rn in g T h e c a r r i a g e O f t h e D rumm o n d
.

l a th e 1 s m o v e d by a l e a d s c r ew which i s pl a c e d
c o n c en t r ic a lly within t h e b e d Thi s s c r ew is . .

turn e d by t h e wh e el a t t h e en d o f t h e l a th e .

FI G 9 — An Englis h t y
. . p D umm
e r o nd la t h e wi t h a ro un d b ed .

Th er e i s v a lu a bl e fe a tu r e o n thi s l a th e
on e

which c a n b e f o un d o n n o A m e r ic a n m a chin e a —

s t a t e m en t t o b e m a d e with r eg r e t Th a t is t h e fl a t
.

b o ring t a bl e o n t h e c a rr i a g e which i s p r o vid ed

,

with inv e r t e d T sl o ts By m e a n s o f a few cl a mp s

-
.

a n d b o lt s pi e c e s with v a r i o u s s h a p e s c a n b e s e
,

cur e d fo r b o rin g It i s difficult t o r ea liz e t h e

ut ility o f thi s b o r in g t a bl e u n til o n e t r i e s t o a c
 C h oos i ng a L a t he 31

c omplish a h eavy b o rin g o p e r a ti on o n a n o r din a ry

l a the .

M o ti o n is t r a n smitt e d t o t h e l e a d s c r e w fo r t

sc r ew cutting by m e a n s o f a t r a in o f g e a r s a r
r a ng e d o u a n a dj u s t a bl e a rm a s s h o wn in t h e illu s

S t ra t i o n T h e l a th e is a ls o p r ovid e d with a s et o f
.

FIG . 10.
— A s crew c ut t in g
-
lat h e wit h a mo t or mount ed in t h e
h ea d .

g e a rs which will p e rmit o f diffe r ent sp ee ds fo r

t h e l e a d s c r ew .

A n ew l a th e th a t h a s b e en r e c en tly b r o ugh t
o ut i s s h o wn in Fig 1 0 T his is a r a dic a l
. .

d e p a r tur e fro m o r din a ry l a th e c o n s t ru ct io n a n d ,

is r e ally d e signe d s o m ewh a t aft er t h e E ngli sh

D rumm o n d m a chin e It h a s it s driving m o t o r
.
32 L a t he Wo rk fo r B egi n n ers

built int o t h e h e a d s t o ck T hi s i s a n ing en i o u s a r

.

r a n g em en t a n d a dd s mu ch t o t h e v a lu e o f t h e t o o l .

T h e r e a r e n o b elt s pull ey s o r c o un t e r s h a fts t o

,

b o the r t h e o p e r a t o r It i s sm a ll an d p o rt a ble
.

a n d it i s o n ly n e c e s s a r y t o s c r e w i n t h e s o ck e t a n d

tu r n o n t h e cu r r en t t o pl a c e t h e m a chin e in o p e r a
ti o n It i s a s c r ew cut t in g m a ch in e a n d h a s a
.

m a ximum di s t anc e o f 1 2 in ch e s b etw e en c ent e r s .

FI G . 11 —. A go o d a ma t e ur b en c h la t h e wit h p a ra lle l s t eel ro ds fo r

t he bed .

By a cl ev e r m eth o d o f Shifting g e a r s it i s giv en ,

Sp ee d s o f 1 25 250 4 00 6 50 a n d 1 000 R P M
, , , . . .

A v e ry ru gg e d typ e o f a m a t e u r l a t h e p r o duc e d ,

by t h e Huhn M a n uf a ctu r in g C o mp a n y i s illu s ,

t r a t e d in Fig 1 1 Th e u n iqu e f e a tu r e O f thi s l a th e

. .

i s i t s b e d which is c o mp o s e d o f t w o c o ld r o ll e d
,
-

s t e e l r o ds Th e p a r ticul a r l a th e s h o wn i s a sp e
.

c i a l o n e m a d e with a n ex t r a l o n g b e d T h e r e gul a r .

l a th e o f th i s typ e i s m a n u f a ctu r e d wit h a m a x i .

 C hoos i ng a L a t he 33

mum di s t anc e o f 1 2 in ch e s b e tw e en c e nt er s T hi s
.

l a th e h a s b een p r o du c e d a ft er a d e s ign o f H en ry
Gr e enl ey s t h e E ngli s h m o d el en gin e e r A s imi
’
.

la r l a th e b ut much Simpl er in c on st ructi o n de

sc rib e d in C h a pt e r XI .
 C H A PT E R II
S E TTI NG UP A ND DRIVING THE LA THE

Unpa king
c t he L at h e— C lea ning t h e L at h e— Set t ing up t he
L a t h e — F oun da t io n— Po s it i o n— L ev eling — C o unt ers h aft
i h — —
L n e S a ft Power Nec ess ary M o unt ing Power M o t o r .

A F T ER t h e l a th e i s r e c eiv e d a n d t h e b o xin g a n d
c r a ting r em o v e d t h e pur ch a s e r sh o uld c a r e fully
,

ex a mi n e t h e ex c el s i o r t o s e e th a t n o s m a ll p a r t s

a re o v e r l o o k e d It will b e f o un d that t h e p o li s h e d
.

p a r ts o f t h e l a th e a r e w ell s m e a re d with v a s elin e

o r g r e a s e which i s put o n t o p r e v en t ru stin g whil e
,

t h e l a th e I s I n t h e s t o r e r o o m o r in t r a n s it T hi s .

g r e a s e c a n b e r em o v e d n ic e ly with a cl o th S o a ke d
in g a s o lin e . A ft e r t h e gr e a s e i s r e m o v e d r o ughly
in this w a y t h e p o li s h e d p a r ts c a n b e g o n e o v e r
,

with a dry cl o th which will r em o v e a ll t ra c e s o f

g r e a s e a n d t h e b right p a r t s c a n th en b e giv en a
,

c o a t o f light lub ric a ting o il t o p rev en t r u s tin g .

T h e g e a r s which c o m e wi t h t h e l a th e will a ls o b e
f oun d c o v e re d with g r ea s e a n d it might b e w ell
,

t o im m e r s e th em i n g a s o lin e un til a ll t r a c e s o f
g r e a s e a r e r em o v e d .

If t h e l a th e is a h ea vy o ne t h e fl o o r up on which
,

34
36 L a t he Work fo r Begi n ners

sh a ft o n t h e c eiling A c o unt er shaft i s sh o wn in

.

Fig 1 2 Th e pull eys A a n d B a r e t h e d riving

. .

p ull eys T h e clutch is Sh o wn in C

. T h e b elt .

which g o e s fr o m A t o t h e lin e Sh a ft is cr o s s e d o n c e
a n d t h e b e lt which g o e s f r o m p ull e y B t o t h e line

Sh a ft is st r a ight W h en t h e clutch C i s in t h e n eu
.

tr a l p o s iti o n Sh o wn ne ith e r o f t h e pull eys a r e in

,

m o tion W h en t h e clutch i s th r o wn t o t h e r igh t

.
,

it eng a g e s t h e pull ey B with t h e s ha ft a n d th e r e by ,

FI G . 12 — A
. c o unt ers h a ft fo r us e wit h a s m a ll la t h e .

turn s t h e c o n e 1) wh ich i s b elt e d t o t h e l a th e By .

t h r o wing t h e clutch t o t h e l eft t h e p ull ey B i s dis

,

e n g a g e d a n d t h e l a th e t h ro w n i n t o r ev e r s e .

T h e c o unt ersh a ft mu st b e m o unt e d s e cur ely o n

t h e c e ilin g p a r a ll e l with t h e l a th e but a b o ut a
, ,

f o o t b a ck S O th a t t he b elt will in clin e Slightly t o

-

w a r ds t h e o p er a t o r T hi s is Sh o wn in Fig 1 3
. . .

T h e Sh a ft h a ng er s sh o uld b e f a s t en e d t o t h e c eiling
by t h e s am e m eth o d a s w a s us e d in putt in g t he
"

c o unt e r sh a ft in p a ce Th e lin e s ha ft Sh o uld be

.
 Sett i ng Up a nd D ri vi ng t he L a t he 37

ab o ut in ch e s I n di am et er a n d t h e h a nge r s
,

pl ac e d ab o ut 6 f e et a p a r t .

One p ull ey o n t h e li n e Sh a ft mu s t b e b elt e d t o

fil ing

L a t /! e

FI G . 13 —
. Ho w t h e la t h e is s e t up in t h e sh o p .

a p ull ey o n t h e s o u r c e o f p o w e r which m a y b e a ,

g a s e n gi n e e l,
e ct r ic m o t o r or p o s s ibly a s t e am
, , ,

en g i n e. T h e Siz e o f thi s d r1 v 1 n g pull e y will de

38 L a t he W o rk fo r B egi nners

p en d som ewh a t up o n t h e s p e e d o f t h e p o w e r unit .

T h e s p e e d o f t h e c o u n t e r s h a ft Sh o uld b e 225 R P M . . .

fo r a 1 1 1 2 o r 1 3 i n ch l a th e ; 21 0 R P M fo r a 1 4
,
. . .

in ch l a th e ; 200 R P M fo r a 1 5 in ch l a t h e a n d 1 80
. . .

R P M fo r a 1 6 o r 1 8 i n ch l a t h e
. . . .

Th e b es t s o u r c e o f p o w e r i s t h e el e ct r i c m o t o r
s i n c e i t c a n b e st a r t e d e a s ily a n d d o e s n o t r e qu i r e

a n y a tt en ti o n a ft e r b e i n g St a r t e d Ga s a n d ga s o .

lin e e ngin e s a r e n o t e s p e ci a lly d e s i r a bl e bu t o f ,

c o u r s e it i s s o m e tim e s n ec e s s a ry t o u s e th em wh en
,

e l e ct r ic p o w e r i s n o t a v a il a bl e T h e h o r s e p o we r
.

d eliv e r e d t o t h e lin e Sh a ft s h o uld b e a s f o ll o w s

11 In ch l a t h e
12
13
14 1 HP . .

Th e v e r a g e el e ct ri c m o t o r o f a b out 1 H P h a s
a . .

a s p ee d o f a b o u t 1 200 R P M T o c a u s e t h e lin e
. . .

Sh a ft t o r ev o lv e a t t h e p r o p e r s p e e d a nd t o e ffe ct a
r e du cti o n it will b e n e c e s s a r y t o u s e a s m a ll p ull e y
‘

o n t h e m o t o r a nd a l a r g e o n e o n t h e lin e Sh a f t .

A n ele ct ric m o t o r with a s l owa s p e e d a s p o s s ibl e

s h o uld b e pu r ch a s e d T h e m o t o r c a n b e m o u nt e d
“

in a n inv e r t e d po s iti o n o n t h e c e ilin g Or el s e pl a c e d

up r ight o n t h e Sh elf cl o s e t o t he c e ilin g It will .

b e n ec e s s a r y t o u s e a s t a r t in g b o x with a ll m o t o r s ,
 Sett i ng Up a nd D ri vi ng t h e L a t he 39

Sinc e a s ev er e o v e r l o a d w o uld b e thr o wn o n t h e

line if t h e ci r cuit w a s cl o s e d wi t h o ut t h e p r o per
r e si s t an ce .

Th e l a th e s h o uld b e s et i n p o siti o n s o th a t t h e
o p e r a t o r will h a v e pl e nty o f light t o w o r k with .

If t h e l a th e is t o b e u s e d a t n ight a dr o p light ,

s h o uld b e pl a c e d s o th a t it will c o m e within a b o ut

2 f e e t o f t h e chu ck T h e light Sh o uld b e p r o vid e d

.

Ho w t h e sh a ft h a n ge rs p
i

FI G . 14 —
. a re h e ld t o t h e c e ilin g o f t he sh o .

with a sh a d e t o p r ev en t it f r o m Shining int o t h e

o p e r a t o r s ey e s
’
.

Th e s e t t in g u p o f a s m a ll b en ch l a t h e d o e s n o t
I n v o lv e s u ch a g r e a t a m o un t o f tim e a n d ex p en s e .

It i s n e c e s s a r y t o p r o vid e a v e ry s ub s t a n ti a l b en ch
a n d t o b o lt t h e l a th e t o it s e cu r ely A h e avy w o r k.

b en ch o v e r c o m e s Vi b r a ti o n a n d t h e b en ch d e
,

s c r ib e d in c o n n e c t i o n wi t h t h e h o m e m a d e l a th e i n

C h apt er XI i s r e c o mm en d e d fo r s m a ll a m a t e u r
la th e s .
40 L a t he Wo rk fo r B egi n ners

B en ch l a th e s a r e gen e r a lly p r o vid e d with s p e

c i a l c o un t e r s h a ft s which a r e d e s ign e d es p e ci a lly
t o g o with t h e l a th e s A v e r y in g en i o u s a n d c o n
.

v e n i en t littl e c o un t e r s h a ft i s Sh o wn in Fig 15 . .

T hi s i s m a d e fo r t h e G o o d ell Pra tt l a th e a n d by -

i t s u s e t h e l a th e i s b r o ugh t un d e r p e r f e c t c o n t r o l
by t h e o p e r a t o r s f o o t Unlike t h e l a rg e r c o un t e r
’
.

FI G . 15 .
-

A s m
a ll c o un t e rs h a ft fo r a b e nc h la t h e .

Sh a ft s t hi s o n e I s p r o vid e d with a n idl e pull e y

,
.

No rm a lly t h e d r ivin g b elt r un s o n thi s pull e y

,
.

W h en t h e s t r a p which i s Sh o wn i s pull e d t h e
, , ,
.

b elt s hift er ch a ng e s it s p o s iti o n a n d lin e s up with

t h e pull ey o pp o s it e t o t h e idl e p ull e y a n d in thi s ,

w a y shifts t h e b e lt o v e r t o t h e pull ey which i s

p e rm a n ent ly c o nn e ct e d t o t h e s h a ft T hi s St a r t s .

t h e l a th e T h e st r a p Sh o uld b e c o nn e ct e d with a
.

wi r e t o a s ma ll p e d a l m o un t e d un d e r t h e l a th e
 Sett i ng Up a nd D ri vi ng t he L a t he 41

b en ch a n d in thi s wa y t h e l a the i s c o nt r o ll e d by
“

t h e f o o t a n d r em a in s in m o ti o n a s l o n g a s t h e
,

f o o t i s p r e s s e d o n t h e p e da l This littl e c o un t e r .

s h a ft c an b e m o un t e d o n t h e w a ll i n b a ck o f t h e

l a the o r e l s e pl a c e d di r e ctly o v e rh e a d Mu ch d e
, ,
.

p end s o n l o c a l c o n diti o n s a n d n o s e t rul e c a n b e ‘

giv e n .

Th e m o t o r u s e d with m o s t b en c h l a t h e s n e e d
’

n o t be o v er H P a n d t h e o n e Sh o wn In Fig 1 6
. .
,
.

FI G . 16 — A . s m a ll p o w er mo t o r s uit a bl e fo r d riv in g a b e nc h la t h e .

is v e ry \s uit a bl e typ e T his m o t o r i s p r ovided

a .

with a n I r o n pull ey a n d r ev o lv e s a t a s p ee d o f
9 50 R P M S uch a mo t o r will d eliv e r suffici en t
. . .

p o w e r t o t h e l a the spin dl e a n d is v e ry e c o n omi ,

c a l in b o th u k e ep a n d po w er c o n sumpti o n
p .

A n o th e r c o un t e r s h a ft o f d iff e ren t c o n s t ructi o n

fo r u s e with a s m a ll b en ch l a the i s I llu s t r a t e d in
Fig 1 7 Thi s o f c o ur s e i s a m o r e exp en s iv e typ e
. .
, ,

tha n t h e on e p r evi o u s ly d e sor ib ed alth o ugh it per

i

,
42 L at he Wo rk fo r B egi n ne rs

f o rms ex a ctly t h e s a m e s e r vic e A n ide a l . up S et -

fo r a s m a ll b en ch l a th e i s Sh o wn I n Fig 1 8
'
Th e . .

c o un t er s h a ft j u s t d e s c r ib e d i s e mpl o y e d t o g e t h e r
“

with wh a t i s kn o wn a s a n o v e rh ea d g ea r T h e .

o v e rh e a d g e a r i s pl a c e d j u s t a b o v e t h e re g ul a r

c o unt e r s ha ft a n d c o nn e ct e d t o o n e o f t h e pulley s

FI G . 17 — p
A s e c ia l c o unt e rs h a ft fo r us e w it h a p re c is io n la t h e .

on the c o unt e r sh a ft With a be lt T hi s o v e r h ea d .

g ea r i s r ea lly a s e c o n d c o un t e r s h a ft wh ich h a s
'

a g r o v e d p ull e y m o u n t e d u p o n it T hi s pu ll ey is .

u s e d t o d r iv e g r in di n g dr illin g a n d milling a t
,

t a c h m en t s A lth ou gh it i s n o t n e c e s s a ry fo r a
‘

l a th e with out th e s e att a chm e nt s it mu st be in

clud e d if Su ch a tt a chm en t s a r e t o b e u s e d Th
’
.

c o n t r o l m e t h o d s h o wn i n Fig 1 8 i s a v e r y s impl e
.

one . T h e l a t h e c a n b e r un I n e i t h e r di r ec t i o n by
44 L a t he Work for B eginners

s imply p r e ssin g t h e f o o t o n t h e p r o p er p e d a l.

t h e c oun t e r sh a ft is n o t d r iv en f r o m a r e gul a r lin e

Sh a ft a sm a ll lin e sh a ft j u s t l o ng en o ugh t o a c
,

c o mm o d a t e t w o pull eys I S dr iv en by t h e m o t o r .

O n e b elt i s run s t r a ight a n d t h e r ev e r s e b e lt i s

c r o s se d
.
 C HA PT E R III
THE LA THE AN D I T S PA R T S

A na ly s is of t he L a t h e— B ac k G e a r s— S c r ew C ut t in g Pa rt s
A p r o n— C a rr i a g e— M a n i p ul a t i o n of C a rr i a g e— C ar e of

L at h e ,
et c .

T HE a ma t eur Sh ould kn o w his l a th e d er a n d un

st an d its p a r ts a n d t h em fun cti o n s He s h o uld

'

a l s o kn o w t h e n a m e s o f t h e v a r i o u s p a r t s of h i s

l a th e ;
R e f e r en c e i s m a d e t o Fig 1 9 H e r e I S Sh o wn . . .

t h e l a th e a n d ea ch p a r t h a s b e en giv en a l ett e r
,
.

A i s t h e h e a d s t o ck a n d th i s in clu d e s a ll t h e p a r t s
“

o f t h e w o r kin g e n d o f t h e l a th e Th e h e a d s t o ck i s .

a lw a y s fi x e d in p o s it i o n B i s wh a t i s kn o wn a s
.

t h e cone On s o m e l a th e s i t c o n s i s ts o f th r e e
.

diff e r e n t s iz e d pull ey s whil e o th e r s h a v e St ep s o f

, .

f o ur p ull e ys t o p r ovide f o ur diffe re n t s p e e ds T h e .

m eth o d o f br inging a b o ut th e s e di ff e r en t Sp e e d s i s
s h o wn i n F i g 20 It will b e s e e n th a t t h e pull e y
. .

o n t h e c o un t e r s h a ft mu st be pl a c e d S O th a t t h e

l a rg e pull ey will b e o pp o s it e t h e s m a ll p ull ey o n

t h e l a th e If a l o w sp ee d i s d e sir e d t h e b elt i s
.
,

pl a c e d o n t h e sm a ll pull ey o f t h e c o unt er sh a ft and

46 L a t he W o rk fo r B egi nn e rs

on l a rg e pull ey o f t h e l a the Thi s lo w s p e e d

the .

c a n b e g r ea tly in c r e a s e d by Shiftin g t h e p ull ey

b elt un til it r ea ch e s t h e l a rg e pull ey o n t h e c o un t e r

Sh a ft a n d t h e sm a ll p ull ey o n t h e l a th e
,
W h en

FI G . 19 — A
. su b s t a nt ia l s c rew c ut
-
t in g lat h e . Th e na m es Of t he
v a rio u s p a rt s a re b
d e s c ri ed x
in t h e t e t .

in thi s p o s iti o n t h e l a th e will b e t u rn In g a t it s

,

m a ximum s p e e d C i s t h e liv e ce n t e r wh ich h a s

.

a Mo r s e t a p e r Sh a n k Th e live s pin dl e h a s a fe
.

m a l e M o r s e t a p e r in t o which t h e liv e c en t e r i s
pl a c e d In r e m o v m g thi s liv e c en t e r it i s b e s t t o
.
,
 The L a t he a nd I t s Part s 47

pl a c e b ra ss r o d in t h e h o ll o w spin dl e a n d kn o ck
a

o ut t h e c en t e r with a fe w g en tl e r a ps o f a h amm e r .

Th e h e a d s t o ck b ea r in g s a r e p o in t e d o u t a t D D ,
.

T h e s e s h o uld b e fr e qu en tly o il e d and it is w ell ,

t o m en ti o n h e r e th a t it i s h a r d t o giv e a l a th e t o o
much o il E is t h e n o s e o f the l a the This i s
'

. .

20 —HOW t h e
'

c o ne pulley on t he co unt ers h aft a n d la t h e s pindle

bt p
‘

a re a rran ge d t o O a in v ario us s ee ds .

th r e a d e d t o r e c eiv e a chuck f a c e pl a t e o r driving

, ,

pl a t e Th e thr e a ds o n t h e n o s e o f t h e l a th e
.

Sh ould b e w ell t ak en c a r e o f W h en a chuck o r .

f a c e pl a t e is put o n it s h oul d b e h eld a s t ru e a s

,

p o s s ibl e s o a s n o t t o dam a g e t h e thre a ds a n d t h e ,

th r e a d s sh o uld b e cl e a n a n d fr ee f r o m chips C a re .
48 L at he Work fo rB egi n n ers

s h o uld b e e x e r cis e d wh en t h e chu ck i s r em ov e d ,

Sin c e it i s v e ry e a s y t o d am a g e t h e th r e a d s wh en
it c o m e s t o t h e p o in t wh er e th ey di s eng a g e T h e .

thr e a d s o n t h e n o s e o f t h e l a th e sh ould b e fr e
.

qu en tly wash e d o ff with g a s o lin e t o cl e a n o ut a ny

dir t o r chip s which m a y h a v e l o dge d in th em .

T hi s i s o n e o f t h e m o s t s en s itiv e p a r t s o f t h e
l a th e an d it sh ould b e w ell t a k en c a r e o f
, .

FI G . 21 —. Ho w t h e b kgac e ars o f a la t h e a re a rra n ge d .

Th e h a n dl e F i s u s e d t o th r o w t h e b a ck g e a r s
i n A b ett er un d e r s t a n din g o f t h e b a ck g ea r s will
.

b e h a d by r e f e r ring t o Fig 21 F o r o r din a ry w o r k

. .

t h e gea r wh e el is f a s t en e d t o t h e fi r st p ull ey o n
t h e cone D iff er ent m a nuf a ctur er s h a v e diffe r en t
.

m e th o ds o f h o ldin g t h e c o n e t o this g e a r In m o s t .

c a s e s t h e t w o p a r t s c a n b e di s c o nn e ct e d by m e r ely
,

l o o s en in g a nut o n t h e o ut s id e o f t h e g e a r wh e e l .
 The L a t h e a nd I t s P a rt s 49

W h en this is d on e c o ne is f r e e t o r ev o lv e
,
the
up o n t h e liv e s pin dl e with o u t t u r n i n g t h e s pin dl e

o f t h e g e a r wh e e l 1 T h e s m a ll g e a r wh eel 2 a t
.
,

t h e sm a ll en d o f t h e c o n e is f a s t e n e d t o t h e c o n e
a n d t h e r eby re v o lv e s with it W h en t h e b a ck
.

g e ar s a re thr o wn in m e sh t h e g e a r 3 m e sh e s with
,

t h e littl e g e a r 2 o n t h e c o n e a n d t h e g e a r 4 ,

m e sh e s with g e a r 1 On t h e liv e spin dl e In thi s .

w a y mo ti o n i s t r a n s mitt e d t o t h e liv e s pin dl e

,

th r o ugh g e a r s 2 3 4 an d 1 Th e b a ck g e a r s o f a
, ,
.

l a th e are s o m o unt ed th a t a qu a r t er o f a turn o f

t h e h a n dl e will th r o w th em i n m e s h T his Sh o uld .

n ev e r b e d o n e whil e t h e l a th e i s i n m o ti o n Sin c e ,

t h e g e a r s a r e v e ry a pt t o s t r ip By th r o wi n g out
.

t h e b a ck g e a r s a n d en g a gin g t h e nut t o t h e c o n e ,

t h e s pin dl e i s d r iv en di r e ct .

Th e h e a d s t o ck o f t h e l a th e is p r o vid e d with a n
o th e r s e t Of g e a r s G which t r a n s mit s m o ti o n f r o m
,

t h e liv e Spin dl e t o th e l e a d sc r ewH T h e s e g e a r s

. .

will b e tre a t e d m o re th o r o u ghly in t h e C h a pt e r

on s c r ew cu tti ng Th e l e a d s c r ew o n t h e l a th e
' "

"

i s u s e d t o m o v e t h e c a r ri a ge I T h e s p e e d o f t h e
.

c a r n a g e will d ep end up on t h e sp ee d o f t h e l e a d
sc r e w and t h e m o ti on o f this in t urn will d e p en d
, ,

u p o n t h e r a ti o o f t h e g e a r l n g b etw e en t h e l e a d

s c r e w a n d t h e liv e s pindl e T h e l e a d s c r ew o f a
.

la th e s h o uld b e ke pt w ell cl e a n e d a n d o il e d a s t h e ,
50 L a t he Work for B egi nners

a ccur a cy o f a ll thr e a d s c ut o n t h e l a the de p en d

e n ti r ely u p o n thi s m emb e r .

T h e c a rri a g e I o f t h e l a th e g en e r a lly h a s t w o o r
m o r e h a n dl e s o r kn o b s up o n t h e a pr o n L Th e
'

h a n dl e M i s c a ll e d t h e a p r o n h an dl e a n d by m e an s
,

o f thi s t h e c a r r i a g e c a n b e m o v e d up a n d d o wn t h e

l a th e b e d a s s i s t e d by t h e r a ck N T h e sm a ll
,
.

h a n dl e 0 i s t h e a p r o n clutch an d wh e n this is
,

turn e d a h a lf nut clutch e s a r oun d t h e l e a d s cr ew

a n d th e r eby m o v e s t h e c a rr i a g e a l o n g t h e l a th e b ed

T h i s i s g en e r a lly d o n e wh en a l o ng c ut is t o b e
t a ken a n d t h e p r o p er g e a r r a ti o will h a v e t o b e
,

ch o s e n t o p r o du c e t h e r ight s p e e d o f t h e c a r ri a g e .

S e v e r a l o il h o le s will b e f o un d o n t h e a p r o n o f t h e
c a r r i a g e a n d th e s e s h o uld b e u s e d fr equen tly in ,

o iling t h e w o r kin g p a r t s o f t h e l a th e in b a ck o f thi s

m emb e r S o m e sm a ll l a th e s a n d a ll l a rg e o n e s
.

a r e p r o vid e d with a ut o m a tic c r o s s f ee d s a n d in

,

thi s c a s e a kn o b i s in clu d e d o n t h e a p r o n t o c o n
t r o l thi s o p er a ti on .

O n t h e t o p o f t h e l a th e c a r ri a g e i s m o un t e d t h e
Slid e r e s t T his c an b e e ith e r c o mp o un d o r pl a in
. .

'

A c o mp o un d r e s t i s divi d e d int o t w o distin ct

“

p a r t s A c o mp o un d r e st is sh own in Fig 22 T h e
. . .

h a n dl e P m o v e s t h e upp e r p o r ti o n o f t h e r e st .

c r o s s wi s e an d t h e h a n dl e ! m o v e s t h e t o o l which ,

i s h e ld in t h e t o o l p o s t R p a r a ll e l with t h e l a th e
,
 La t he Work fo r B egi nners

A ll t h e cr o ss cuttin g is ac c omplish e d with t h e

h a n dl e P T hi s m emb e r i s a bl e t o m o v e t h e t o o l
.

p o s t a dist a n c e f r o m t h e c en t e r ,which c o r r e s p o n d s
with t h e s win g o f t h e l a th e an d o r c our s e a c ut , ,

g r ea t e r th a n tha t c an n o t be m a de On s o m e l a th e s .

o f t h e m o r e e x p en s iv e typ e t h e h a n dl e P i s r
, p o

v i d e d with a mic r o m e t e r c o ll a r whi c h i s g r a d u a t e d

in s u ch a w a y th a t cut s c a n b e m a d e a ccu r a t e ly
up t o o f 1 /1 000t h o f a n in ch T hi s c o ll a r is .

FI G . 23 -
A mi
c ro m e t e r c o lla r pl
a ced on t he c ro s s -
fe e d h a n d le .
"

S h o wn in Fig g r a du a ti o n s up o n it c o r r e
. 23 . Th e
s po n d s t o t h e pitch o f t h e c r o s s f ee d s c r e w If thi s .

i s kn o wn it is a Simpl e m a tt e r t o g r a du a t e t h e
c o ll a r thi s w a y a n d it a dd s g r e a tly t o t h e c o nv e
,

n i e n c e o f t h e l a th e T h e c o mp oun d r e s t Sh ould
.

b e kept w ell lub r ic a t e d e sp e ci a lly a l o ng t h e w a y s

,

w h er e t h e p a r t s Swin g o v e r on e an o th e r Sm a ll .

o il h o l e s will b e f o un d t o lub r ic a t e t h e sc r e ws .

which c o nt r o l t h e m o ti on o f t h e m ovin g p a rts .

A ll chip s a n d di r t Sh o uld be ke pt c a r e fully wip e d

o ff .
 The L a t he a nd I t s Pa rt s 53
i

An or din a ry lide re s t i s equipp e d with a c r o s s

s

f e e d which c a n t r a v e l o nly a t r igh t a n gl e s t o t h e

l a th e b e d W ith s u ch a slid e r es t it I S Imp o s s ibl e
.
,

t o a cc o mpli s h t h e w o rk which c a n b e d o n e wi t h
“

c o mp o un d r e s t s u ch a s t a p e r tur n ing e t c Th e
, ,
.

l a th e b e d T i s m a chin e d t o gr e a t a ccu r a cy It
-

s h o uld b e k e pt w e ll sm e a r e d w ith o il an d t h e ,

A m a t eu r Sh o uld m a k e i t a rul e n e v e r t o pl a c e s u ch
t o o l s a s fil e s h a mm e r s a n d wr e n ch e s u p o n it
'

.
,

T hi s i s b a d p r a ctic e a n d in t im e i t will p r o du c e
,

m a ny littl e n ick s up o n t h e m a chin e d a n d s cr a p e d

s ur fa c e s . T h e t a il s t o ck U c a n b e m a d e t o s lid e
a l o n g t h e l a th e b e d by l o o s e n in g t h e bin din g n u t

which i s c o n t r o ll e d by t h e h a n dl e V T h e t a il s t o ck
.

h an dl e W i s u s e d t o m o v e t h e t a il s t o ck s pin dl e
a n d c en t e r X e ith e r i n o r o u t d e p e n din g u p o n t h e
,

di re cti o n up o n which it is turn e d Th e bin din g .

scr ew Y i s u s e d t o h o ld t h e t a il s t o ck s pIn dle in

a ny p o siti o n . F o r l o n g t a p e r t u rn ing t h e b a ck o f
,

t h e t a il s t o ck c e n t e r i s th r o wn o ff c ent e r by l o o s en
ing t h e s c re w Z .
 C H A PTE R I V

LA T HE A T TA C HM ENT S A ND THEI R U S E

‘
C e nt er R e s t s— M illin g A t t a c h m e n t s— G ea r C ut t in g A t t ach
m e n t s— Th r e a d—C ut t in g A t t a ch m e n t s— G ri n di n g —C ir c ular
S aw s — Tu rre t .

BY t h e ddit i o n o f v a r i o u s a t t a chm en t s m anu

a ,

f a c t u r e r s h a v e g r e a t ly I n c r ea s e d t h e u s e fu ln e s s o f
t h e i r m a chi n e s a n d s u ch o p e r a ti o n s a s s a wI n g
, ,

millin g g e a r cuttin g a n d n n ding c a n b e d o n e o n

,

l a th es n e a r ly a s w e ll a s o n m a chin e s d e s ign e d
_

e s p e ci a lly fo r th e s e p u r p o s e s It will b e un d e r .

s t o o d o f c o u r s e th a t e a ch c o mp a n y d e s I g n S i t s a t
, ,

t a c h m en t s fo r u s e o n ly o n m a chin e s o f t h ei r o wn
'

m a nu f a ctu r e T hi s i s t ru e with v e r y few ex c ep

.
'

t ions . Th e r e a r e few t o o l po s t el e ct ric g r in d e r s

t h a t c a n b e u s e d o n a n y l a th e b ut m o s t o f t h e o th e r
,

a tt a ch m e n t s a r e d e s ign e d e s p e ci a lly fo r t h e l a th e

o n wh ich th e y a r e t o b e u s e d .

On e o f t h e fe w Simpl e a t t a chm en t s which i s p r o

v i d ed wi t h e qu ipm e n t o f e v e r y l a t h e wi t h o u t a d

d i t i o n a l ch a r ge i s s h o wn in Fig 24 T hi s i s kn o wn . .

a s a c en t er r e s t T hi s p a rticul a r d evic e Slid e s

.

u p o n t h e l a t h e b e d a n d t h e t a il s t o ck mu s t b e t a ken
,

54
 L a t h e A tt a c hment s a nd The i r Us e
i

o ff b e f o r e it c an b e put in pl a c e It i s l o cke d in .

a n y p a r t i c ul a r p o siti o n o n t h e l a th e b e d by t h e

bin din g nut and wr en ch If a l o n g Sh a ft o f s m a ll

.

di a m et er wa s t o b e pl a c e d in t h e l a the fo r a tur n
ing o p er a ti on it w o uld s pr I n g I n t h e c en t e r wh en
.
,

t h e cu tting t o o l w a s b r o u ght t o b ea r a g a in s t it .

T o p r ev en t thi s t h e th r e e j a w s o f t h e c en t e r r e s t
,

a r e a dj u s t e d t o t h e s u r f a c e s o f t h e S h a ft t o b e ,

FI G . 24 — A t h re e
.
-
j a w e d c e n t e r re s
-
t .

turn e d s o th a t th ey will f o rm a s o r t o f t emp o r a ry

b e a r in g which will p r ev en t t h e Sh a ft fr o m s p rin g
in g o r b en din g wh en t h e c ut t I ng I s d o n e Th e j a w s .

o f t h e c e n t e r r e s t a r e a dj u s t a bl e within qu it e wid e

limits ,an d th ey a r e h eld Se cur ely in ev e ry p o s iti o n

by m e an s o f bin din g s c r ew s W hen thi s d ev1 c e I S .

u s e d t h e p o in t o f t h ej a w s S h o u ld a lw a y s b e w e ll
,

lub r ic a t e d t o f o rm a n e a s y r unn i n g b ea rin g fo r t h e

,

r ev o lving S h a ft .
56 L a t he Wo rk fo r B egi nners

It will b e s e en t ha t by t h e u s e o f thi s a t t a chm en t

t h e l a t h e t o o l c a nn o t t r a v e l t h e full l e n gth o f t h e
s h a ft . T o m a ke thi s p o s s ibl e a t wp j a w e d c en t e r
,
-

r e s t i s O ft e n u s e d S u ch a c en t e r r e s t i s Sh o wn in
.

Fig 25 Du r in g t h e t ur nI n g a s t h e t o o l t r a v el s
. .
,

a l o n g t h e Sh a ft t h e c en t e r r e s t c a n b e m o v e d f r o m
,

o n e p o s iti o n t o a n o t h e r un til t h e cu t t in g t o o l

FI G . 25 — A t wo j aw e d
.
-
c e n t e r re s t
-
.

r ea ch e s a p o in t n e a r en ough t h e b a ck c ent er wh e r e
it will b e s a f e t o di s p en s e wi t h t h e c e n t e r r e st .

Ne a rly ev e ry c o mp a n y m a n u f a ct u r in g l a th e s ,

m a ke s a millin g a tt a chm ent fo r u s e with th eir

m a chin e s A S b ef o r e s t a t e d a milling a tt a chm en t
.
,

mu s t b e pur ch a s e d fr o m t h e m anufa tur e r o f t h e

c
l a th e up o n which it i s t o b e u s e d A typic a l milling.

a tt a chm en t i s illu s t r a t e d i n Fig 26 It w ill b e

. .
 L a t h e A t t a c h me nt s a nd Th ei r Us e

s e en th a t the b a s e o f t hi s a t a c h m e n t r e s t s o n t h e
la th e bed . T h e millin g cutt e r i s m o un t e d up o n a n

FI G . 26 —A lat h e milling a t t a ch ment

. .

ar b o r which is pl a c e d in t h e liv e spin dl e o f t h e

la the Millin g cutt er s
. a re m a d e with v a ri o u s di

FIG . 27 — A t wo inc h
.
-
milling c ut t er .

a met e r s , widths and fa c e s . A sa mpl e 2 in . cutt er

is s h o wn in Fig 27 .

T h e millin g a tt a chm en t sh o wn is
’

in Fig . 26 a
58 La t he Wo rk for Begi n ners

typic a l one T h e h an dl e 1 i s f o r t h e c r o ss f eed

'

a n d t u rn s a s c r e w which c a u s e s t h e wh o l e u pp e r

p o r ti on o f t h e millin g a tt a chm en t t o t r av el a cr o s s
t h e l a th e b e d . Pa r t 2 i s a vi s e whi ch h o ld s t h e
wo r k which is t o b e mill e d In t h e illu s t r a ti o n
. .

Sh o wn t h e w ork i s in dic a t e d by 3 T h e S t a n d a rd
,
.

o r m a in f r a m e 4 o f t h e milli n g a tt a chm en t is a t .

t a c h e d t o t h e b a s e by m e a n s o f a s wiv el s o th a t ,

t hi s m emb er c an b e turn e d a n d l o cke d t o a ny p o s i

ti o n up t o 1 80 d eg r e e s A s c ale r e a ding o f 5 in di
. .

c a t e s t h e p o s iti o n o f t h e m a in f r a m e .

Th e vis e is a l s o a rr a n g e d u p o n a swiv el a n d thi s

c a n b e t u rn e d a n d l o ck e d t o a ny an gl e A s c al e i s.

pl a c e d o n t h e b a s e o f t h e Vi s e by mea n s o f which it
c a n b e a ccu r a t e ly s e t
. Th e vi s e i s a r r a ng e d o n a
v e rtic a l s lid e S O th a t it c a n b e m o v e d up a n d d o wn
by m e a n s o f t h e s c r ew 6 It will b e s een th a t thi s
.

milling a tt a chm en t i s r e ally a m a ssiv e univ er s al

j o int with a vi s e o n it fo r h o lding t h e w o rk In . .

thi s way millin g c an b e d o n e a t any a n gl e

,
.

In u s in g t h e millin g a tt a chm en t t h e s p ee d o f t h e
,

cutt e r will d ep en d up o n t w o thin g s i e t h e n a tur e

,
. .
,

o f t h e m e t al b e in g c ut a n d t h e Siz e o f t h e c u t In .

t h e c a s e o f cut ting st e el t h e b ac k g e a r s o f t h e
,

l a th e Sh o uld a lw a y s b e thr o wn in .

A n o th er milling a tt a chm en t a littl e m o r e S i mpl e

th a n t h e o n e p r evi o u sly d e s c r ib e d i s s h own in Fig
, .
60 L a t he Work fo r B egi nners

a h andl e o r cr a n k a t t h e t o p Th e v is e c an b e .

turn e d t o any a ngl e within 1 80 d e gr e e s by m e a n s

o f a s wiv e l .Th e s c a l e by which t h e e x a ct a ngl e o f
t h e vi s e i s kn o wn , is en g r a v e d up o n t h e upp e r e dg e
o f t h e m a in f r a m e T h e millin g a tt a chm en t j u st
.

at t ach m e nt fo r a bnh
e c lath e . T h is at t a c h

m e nt h as an ind ex pl ta e .

d e s c rib ed is de sig ne d fo r us e on a S outh B end

l a the.

A littl e millin g a tt a chm en t d e sign e d fo r us e

with t h e G o od ell Pr a tt b en ch l a th e is illus t ra t e d
m
-

i n Fig 29 T hi s littl e a tt a ch en t i s d e sign e d fo r

. .

v e ry s m a ll w o rk T h e millin g cutt e r s h av e Sh ank s

.

inch in di a m e t e r an d th e s e a re h eld in a c o m
,

p r e s s i o n chu ck Th e w o rk t o b e c ut 1 8 a l s o hel d
.
 L a t he A tt a c hment s a nd Th ei r Us e 61

in a c o mp re s si o n chuck which f o rms a p a r t o f t h e

a tt a chm en t . T h e chu ck which h o lds t h e w o rk c a n
be r ev o lv e d a n d is h e ld i n a ny o n e p o siti o n by a n
,

in dex pl a t e a n d d o g Th e in d ex pl a t e s a r e int e r
.

ch a n ge a bl e a n d c a n b e o bt a in e d with v a r i o u s di ~

vi s i o n m a r k s Th e v e rtic a l m o ti o n o f t h e millin g
.

a tt a chm e nt i s c o n t r o ll e d by t h e c r a n k a t t h e t o
p .

FI G . 30 —.A lat h e gear-

c ut t ing at t a c h ment .

S p e ci a l m illing cutt e r s fo r u s e o nly with thi s d evic e

mu st b e o bt a in e d f r o m t h e m a nuf a ct ur er o r els e , ,

m a d e by t h e o p e r a t o r W ith t h is c omp a ct fitting

.

it i s po ssibl e t o c ut g e ar s o f v a r i o u s sm a ll di am
et er s . By t h e u s e o f m any differ ent typ e s o f
milling cutt er s which c a n b e suppli ed it i s a ls o
, ,

p o s s ibl e t o put thi s a tt a chm en t t o m any o ther u s e s .

A g e a r cu tt e r d e s ign e d fo r u s e wit h t h e S en e c a
62 L a t he Wo rk f
or B egi nners

F a ll s l a th e i s illus t r a t e d i n Fig 30 T h e o p e r a
. .

ti o n o f thi s d evi c e i s v ery s impl e and it i s c a p a bl e

,

o f c u tti n g g e a r wh e el s within a wid e r a n g e o f

di a m e t e r s A l o n g cylin dric a l g ea r 1 i s a tt a ch ed
.

t o t h e liv e s pin dl e o f t h e l a t h e M e s hin g wit h this

.

is t h e g e a r 2 which d r iv e s t h e g e a r 3 G e a r 3
,
.

d riv e s a s pin dl e a t t h e o pp o s it e en d o f which i s

a w o rm t h a t m e s h e s with t h e s pi r a l g e a r In thi s
'

w ay m o ti o n i s t r a n s mit t e d t o t h e cu tt e r 4 which i s ,

h eld in pl a c e o n t h e ma n d r el D iff e r en t cutt e r s

.
,

o f c ou r s e ,
c a n b e pl a c e d u p o n t h e m a n d r el fo r

diffe r en t w o r k By m a n ipul a tin g t h e c r o s s f e e d

.

o f t h e l a th e t h e cu t t e r c a n b e a dj u s t e d fo r a g e a r
-

o f a n y di a m e t e r within t h e r a n g e o f t h e a tt a ch

m en t T h e g e a r 2 i s o n a n a dj u s t a bl e a rm which
.

i s l o cke d in p o s iti o n by t h e nu t 5 In cu tting a

.

g e a r wh e el o f l a r g e r di a m et e r th a n t h e o n e Sh o wn
in t h e illu st r a ti o n t h e c r o s s f e e d o f t h e l a th e
,

w o uld b e d r a wn Ou t t o w a r d s t h e a p r o n a n d t h e ,

a rm which c a r r i e s t h e g e a r 2 r ea dj u s t e d un til t h e

ge a r m e sh e d p r o p erly with t h e l a r g e g e a r 1 .

T h e g e a r t o b e c ut i s pl a c e d o n t h e m a n d r el ,

which in turn is h eld in a chuck Thi s chu ck c an .

b e r ev o lv e d in a ci r cl e . T h e in d ex pl a t e 6 c o n
t r o l s t h e m o v em en t o f t h e chu ck T h e in dex .

pl a t e h a s a numb er o f s m a ll h o l e s d r ill e d in it .

T h e s e h o l e s a r e d r ill e d a t r egul a r in t e rv a l s a l o n g
 L a t h e A tt ac hment s and Thei r Us e 63

lin e s which a r e c on c ent ric a lly a r r a ng e d a l ong t h e

f a c e pl a t e In thi s w a y a ci r cl e c an b e divide d
.
,

int o p r a ctic a lly any numb e r o f w o rking p a rts A .

g ea r c an b e c ut wi th a ny numb e r o f t e eth o r o th er ,

w o r k c a n b e a cc o mpli sh e d th a t mu s t b e e qu a lly
divide d Th e pl a t e 6 t o g e th e r w ith t h e c r a nk 7
.

FI G 3 1 — A la t h e ge ar
.
-
c ut t ing at t a c h ment us e d t o fl ut e re a m e rs .

which c a rri e s a pin th a t fi t s in t o t h e h o l e s i s p r o p ,

e r ly c a ll e d a dividin g h e a d .

T h e a tt a ch m e nt S ho wn in Fig 30 c a n als o b e .

u s e d fo r fiu t in g re am e r s a s sh o wn I n F ig 31
,
In . .

thi s c a s e an ext ens i o n a rm is pl a c e d o n t h e a tt a ch

m ent t o a cc omm o da t e t h e bl ank pi e c e o f s t o ck .

A c o mbin a ti o n cu tt e r a n d milling a tt a chm ent

o f s o m ewh a t di ffe ren t d e sig n i s Sh own in Fig .
64 La t he W ork fo r Begi nners

T hi s i s p e ci a lly p r o duc e d fo r u s e with a S t a rk

es

p re ci s i o n l a th e Th e millin g cu t t e r i s h eld a t t h e
.

o u t e r e n d o f t h e liv e s pin dl e by m e a n s o f a Sp e ci a l

m a n dr el T h e milling a t a c h m en t i s s o d e s ign ed
.

th a t a s p e ci a l c o mp r e s s i o n chu ck c a n b e u s e d fo r
cuttin g g e a r s o r a n o r din a ry vi s e c a n b e u se d fo r
,

g en e r a l milling pur p o s e s T h e g e a r cut ting d e .

Vi c e i s Sh o wn i n u s e in Fig 32 . . .

FI G . 32 — A g e a r
.
-
c ut t in g at t a c h m e nt fiXe d t o t h e h ea d of a p re c is io n

la t h e .

L th e s o f t h e l a rg e r typ e a r e p r ovide d With

a

l e a d s c r e ws with which sc r ew cutting c a n b e do n e .

T h er e a r e a few b en ch l a th e s h o w ev e r which a re , ,

n o t d e SI g n e d t o a cc o mplish sc r ew c u ttin g in a ny

w ay .A sp e ci a l sc r ew cutting a ttachm en t pr o
duc e d e sp e ci a lly fo r u s e a s a n a tt ach m ent o n a n
A m e s l a th e is Sh o wn i n Fig 33 Th e l a r g e g ea r 1 . .

m e sh e s with a g e a r up o n t h e liv e s pin dl e a n d th er e

 L a t h e A tt a c h men t s a nd Thei r Us e 65
'

by t r a ns mit s m o t i o n t o t h e s h a ft 2 This sh a ft .

c a rr i e s a m a s t e r s c r ew a n d t h e pi t ch o f th i s s c r ew
d e t e rmin e s t h e m o ti o n o f t h e r o d 3 which Slid e s ,

i n t h e b e a r in g 4 4 Th e r o d 3 c a r r i e s a n a rm 5
'

u p o n which t h e t o o l h o l de r 6 i s m o u n t e d A s tand .

a r d th r e a d cu ttin g t o o l i s pl a c e d i n t h e t o o l h o ld e r .

FI G . 33 — A
~
s c re w c ut
-
t in g at t a ch m ent fo r t h e p re c is io n b enc h la t h e .

T h r ea d cutting is a cc om pli s he d in a Simil a r wa y

up o n t h e G o o d e ll Pr a tt b en ch l a th e
-
Thi s pa r t i c u .

la r th r e a d cuttin g a tt a chm e nt is illu s t r a t e d in Fig .

34 . Th e m a st e r sc r ew i n this c a s e i s a tt a ch e d t o
t h e o ut er end o f t h e liv e Spin dl e T hi s m a st e r .

scr ew c ont r o ls t h e m o ti o n o f t h e r o d which c a r r i e s

t h e t o o lh o ld er an d s t a n d a r d th r e a d cu ttin g t o ol . .

A n o th e r s m a ll a tt a chm e n t fo r a G o o d e ll Pr a tt
'

-
66 L a t he Work fo r B egi nners
l a th e i s Sh o wn in Fig 35 This i s a tur r et which
. .

i s p r o vid e d with 6 h a lf i n ch h o l e s In th e s e -
.

FI G . 34 — An o t h e r t y
. p e o f S c re w c u t
-
t in g at t a c h m ent fo r a b en c h

la t h e .

FI G . 35 —A t urre t fo r
. a b en ch la t h e wit h w h ic h s ix d iffe re n t o p e ra

t io n s c an b e pe rfo r ed m .

h o l es v a ri ou s t o o l s c an b e pl a c e d s u ch a s dr ills ,

di e s h o ll o w mill s r e am e r s a n d c oun t er Sinks

, ,
-
.

T hi s t u rr e t r ev o lv e s u p o n i t s c en t e r s o that wh en
68 L a t he Work for B egi n ners

lit tl e a tt a chm ent which i s d riv en by a cr a nk h eld

i n t h e liv e spin dl e T h e c r a nk pin o f thi s c r a nk
.

fi t s in a Slid e which c a u s e s t h e s a w t o o s cill a t e b a ck

a n d f o r th r a pidly wh en t h e l a th e i s i n m o ti o n .

G r in din g a tt a chm en t s a r e a l s o m a nu f a ctu r e d t o

o p e r a t e with v a r i o u s t yp e s o f l a th e s A w ell d e .

FI G . 37 —A
j ig -
s aw a t t a c hm en t fo r a b en c h la t h e .

s ign e d gr in d e r fo r u s e with t h e Am e s p r e cisi on

l a th e i s illu s t r a t e d in Fig 38 Su ch a g r in ding. .

a tt a chm e n t m u s t b e dr iv en with a n o v e rh e a d g e a r

a s illu s t r a t e d in Fig 1 8 Th e b elt f r o m t h e o v e r

. .

'

h e a d g e a r r ev o lv e s a r o un d o n e o f t h e gr o up s o f
pull e y s 1 Th e g rin di ng wh e el 2 i s thu s c au s e d t o
.
 La t he Att a c hment s a nd Thei r Us e

re v o lv e a n d i s b r ought in c o nt a ct with t h e w o rk 3
by t h e p r o p e r m a n ipul a ti o n o f t h e c r ank s 4 a n d 5
o n t h e c o mp o un d r e s t T h e s e g r i n d e r s a r e m a nu
.

38 —.A grin ding s p in d l

e at t a ch ed t o t h e Slide -
re s t o f a p re c is io n

b en c h la t h e .

fa c t ur e d in di ffe r en t f o rms ,
a n d an e e l ct ric a l o ne
which c an b e pl a c e d in a ny t o o l p o s t is s h o wn in
,

F ig 39
. .

In t h e e v en t the a m a t eur m e ch a n ic d e s i r e s to
 70 L a t he W o rk fo r Begi nners

ma ke a s a wing a tt a chm e nt fo r h i s l a th e t h e fo ll o w
i n g d e s ign will p r o ve v e r y s e r vic ea bl e fo r u s e o nly
o n a G o o d ell Pr a tt l a th e
-
H o wev e r if t h e d e s i gn
.
,

i s a lt e r e d a littl e t h e a t t a chm en t c a n b e m a d e t o
,

s e r v e o n p r a c t ic a lly a n y s m a ll l a t h e T his a tt a ch .

m ent i s Sh o wn in Fig 4 0 T h e w o r king dr a wing

. .

i s giv en I n Fig 4 1 M r Jo s eph D an t e Jr i s r e

“

. . . .
, ,

FI G . 39 — An
. e le c t ric t o ol -
po st grind e r fo r a la rge la t h e .

s p o n s ibl e fo r t h e de s i gn o f thi s p a r ticul a r a tt a ch

m en t a n d h e h a s d e s c rib e d it a s foll O WS '

“
Th e a t t a chm e n t i s r un f r o m t h e s pin dl e o f a
l a t h e u sin g a c r a n k t o d r iv e t h e m a ch in e o r if t h e , ,

build e r wi sh e s h e c an c o n s t ru c t a s m a ll Slid e
,
,

b r a ck et a n d m a k e a p ull ey fo r t h e s a m e T his .

will m a ke t h e m a chin e a un it in it s e lf No t e th a t .

t h e a s s embl e d d T a Il g h a s a ll t h e p a r t s m a r k e d
-
 L a t he A tt a c hment s an d Thei r Us e 71

S A W l N G A T TA C HME NT
FO R B E NC H L AT HE

! S a w C o nne c t s He r c

Dr iving 5 '
Pin A6 f Die m .

No l Mo r s e Ta pe r

S PlNDL E DRIVER M5 .

FI G . 4 0 —A h o
. mm
e a de j i g- s a w fo r a b en c h la t h e .
72 L a t he W ork for B egi nners

C
ONE L OW ER BRA KET C l. . C
O NE UPPER BRA KET C l . .

C
O NE SAW FRAME Sp(NDL E BRA KET
k l/Sa
'

orl " a nd C OUnIer‘

Si nk fo r wo od screws

C
ONE TABL E BRA KET C l .

ONE BAS E

C
O NE DRlVING BL O K ONE DRlVING PL ATE C J .
 L a t h e A tt a c h men t s an d Thei r Us e 73

one SAW ING TABL E(Ha rd wo o d )

C
ONE OL UMN ROD C RS . . .

O NE SPlNDL E ROD C RS . . .

ONE SAW FRAME C . RS F w se srocx

. .

'
/Is" Flaf

ONE SAW C L AMP S REW NS EC

ONE L OW ER SAW STUD M S F . .

O NE KNURL ED NUT MS F

FI G . 41 — C on t i nu ed . D ra w in g s fo r a s m
a ll j ig -
saw .
74 L a t he W o rk for B egi n n e rs

wi t h l e tt er s T h e s am e a l s o a ppli e s t o t h e d et a ils
. .

F o ll o win g i s a d e s c ripti o n o f t h e p a r t s
Pa r t A . Th e b a s e I S c a s t i r o n . T h e fir s t Op e r a
ti o n i s t o su r f a c e t h e b o t t o m a s pe r d r a win g .

A f t e r thi s i s d o n e dr ill a ,
i n ch h o l e d r ill S et
,

Sc r ew h o l e a n d t a p in ch e s A Sl o t i s th en c ut
.

fo r t h e cl amp b o l t
Pa r t s B a n d C Th e upp e r a n d l o w er b r a ck e t s
.

a r e ca s t ir on T h e s e t w o bl o ck s s h o uld b e d r ill e d
.

i n p a i r s s o a s t o i n s u r e pe r f e ct a lig nm e n t o f h o l e s .

In p a r t B d r ill a h o l e a n d t a p 14 in ch Th e s et
.

s cr e w fo r this h o l e s h o uld h a v e a tit o n o n e en d

in ch in di a m e t e r s o a s t o fit in t h e s plin e in
t h e Spin dl e r o d a n d ke ep s am e in p o s iti o n Th e .

s e t s c r e w s h o uld h a v e a v e r y t igh t fit s o th a t it wi ll

n o t w o r k l o o s e whil e r u n n in g .

Pa r t D . Th e d r ivin g bl o ck i s c a s t i r o n M ill
.

5 /1 6 i n ch T h e s l o t i s 5/1 6 in ch d e ep
. . If a milling
m a chi n e i s n o t a t h a n d a ,
i n ch h o l e c a n b e

dr ill e d a n d th en br o k en o p e n a t t h e Si de D rill a .

in ch h o l e an d t a p in ch fo r s e t sc r e w .

Pa r t E . T hi s i s t h e d r ivin g pl a t e a n d i s c a s t i n
ir on A . in ch h o l e i s dr ill e d in t h e c en t er a n d
at a in ch r a diu s f r o m t h e c en t e r pl a t e A n .

o th e r h o l e i s d r ill e d t o a cc o mm o d a t e a i n ch
p i n
. W h e n t h e s t u d i s p u t i n p l a c e a ,
i n ch
h o l e i s d r ill e d th r o u gh t h e s tu d . In t o t h i s
76 L at he W o rk fo r B egi nner

which h a s t w o in ch t a pp e t h o l e s on a in ch
ra diu s.

Pa r t J T hi s i s t h e l o w e r s aw Stu d a n d it sh o uld
.

h a v e a p r e s s e d fit in t h e s aw f r a m e a i n ch
,

p i n h o l e b e i n g d r ill e d c o mpl e t e ly th r o u gh as

Sh o wn A. in ch pin i s u s e d fo r h o lding t h e
s a w i n pl a c e .

Pa r t K Thi s I s t h e u pp er s tu d a n d o n e en d
.

i s fil e d h alfw a y a s sh o wn a n d a , in ch pin is u s e d
fo r h o ldin g t h e s a w T hi s a l s o a ppli e s t o p a r t J
. .

Pa r ts M a n d N M a n d N a r e t h e c o lumn a n d
.

Spin dl e r o ds an d th ey a r e m a d e f r o m c o ld ro ll e d
s t e e l s t o ck with a b r ight fin i s h .

T h e s a w s u s e d o n t h e s m a ll s a wi ng a tt a chm e n t
c a n b e p u r ch a s e d a t a n y h a r dw a r e s t o r e a n d a r e

wh a t a r e kn o wn a s 6 in ch c o pin g s a ws Th e s a w s .

h a v e l o o p e d en d s which a r e v e ry Co nv en i en t fo r
h o lding th em t o t h e s aw fr a m e T h e p r ic e fo r .

th e s e s aws ra nge fr om 1 2 t o 4 5 c en t s pe r d o z en .

T h e c a p a city o f t h e s a win g a tt a chm e nt c a n be

in c r e a s e d by m a king t h e p a r t 1 ( Sh o wn in t h e
dr a wing ) l a rg e r L a rg e r s a w bl a d e s must then
.

b e used .

A v e r y g o o d s ub s tit ut e fo r a milling a tt a chm ent

i s Sh o wn in F ig 4 2 . T hi s is a filin g a tt a chm en t
.

d e s igne d fo r u s e o n a s m a ll Go o d ell Pr a tt l a th e -
.

Suc h a s im pl e li t t l e a t t a chm en t c a n a l s o b e m a d e
-
 L a t he A tt a c hme n t s a nd Th ei r Us e 77

fo r l a th e s th er typ e s a n d by its u se it is po s
of o

s ibl e t o c ut e qu a l fl a t s u r f a c e s o n ci r c ul a r w o r k a n d

p r o vi de a ccur a t e squ a rin g o f sm a ll pi ec es T h e .

d evic e is re a lly a file r e st us e d in c o nn e cti o n with

a nimp r o vi s e d in d ex h e a d Th e d e sign er d e s c r ib es
.

thi s a tt a chm ent a s f o ll o w s

6
2 3/3 7 L —
i
hé -
>t < -
lV4
"

S a w j n d ir e c t io n
0 f a r ro w

FI G . 42 — T h e
. m a in c a s t in g fo r a file res t .

W e will fi r st d e sc rib e m eth o d o f c o n st ru ct

the
ing t h e fi le re st T hi s p a r ticul a r a tt a chm en t w a s
.

d e s ign e d t o fit t h e a m a t e ur s b en ch l a the NO 1 25 ’
.

ma d e by t h e G o o dell Pr a tt C o L eg A (Fig 4 2 )
-
. .

is c a st squ a r e Sin c e it i s l e s s difficult t o m a k e t h e

p a tt e r n fo r a s qu a r e c as tin g th a n fo r a r o un d
78 L a t he W ork for B egi nners

o ne . p a tt e rn is c ut fr om a s olid pi e c e o f
Th e
wo o d S o f t pin e i s p r o b a bly t h e e a s i e s t t o wo r k
. .

a lt h o u gh m a h o g a n y o r ch e rr y a r e un d o u bt e dly t h e

b e st o n a cc o unt o f th e i r f r ee do m f r o m w a rpin g .

A jig s a w i s t h e e a s ie s t w a y t o cut t h e p a tt e r n ,

e sp e ci a lly with o ne i n which t he t a bl e b e t ipp e d

'

I n thi s c a s e t h e t a bl e i s s et a t a n a n gl e o f a b o ut
8 5 d e g r e e s which will giv e t h e r e qui s it e d r a ft a s
Sh o wn in T h e cut s a r e t a ken in o pp o s it e
di r e cti o n s (s e e Fig a n d f o ll o win g a r o un d t h e
.

o u tl in e o f t h e pi e c e T h e m et a l u s e d i s c ru cibl e
. .

s t e e l a lth o u gh if t h e a m a t e u r d e s i r e s t o s a v e tim e
, ,

i n m a chinin g c a s t i r o n c a n b e u s e d
, O f c our s e .
,

t h e pi e c e m a y b e f o r g e d b u t fo r a n y o n e c a p a bl e
,

o f u s in g thi s m e th o d Of c o n s t ru cti o n th e r e i s n o ,

n ee d o f i n s t ru cti o n A n o th e r m e th o d i s t o s a w
.

t h e wh o l e pi e c e fr o m c o ld r o ll e d s t o ck but un l e s s ,

th e r e i s a po we r s a w a v a il a bl e thi s m eth o d will

b e f o un d e x c ee din gly t e di o us .

“
On r e c e ivin g t h e c a s tin g f r o m t h e f o un d ry it ,

Sh o uld b e t r e a t e d a s f o ll o w s : Fir st r un it o v e r
a n em e ry wh e e l t o re m o v et h e s c a l e Next c e n t e r s
.
,

1 a n d 2 (Fig 4 2 ) s h o uld b e p rick p un ch e d

.
-
In .

d o in g this b e s ure th a t t h e line b e tw e en t h e

,

c en t er s p a s s e s d o wn t h e c en t e r o f t h e leg a nd i s a s
n e a r ly p a r a ll e l t o f a c e s B an d C a s p o s s ibl e
;

Th e .

c a s t in g i s n e xt c e n t e r d rih e d o n th e s e m a r ks s et
-

,
 L a t he A tt a chment s a nd Thei r Us e 9

b etw e en c e nt e r s a n d m a chin e d t o t h e fini s h e d Siz e

,
.

In m a chin in g it will b e f o un d n e c e s s a r y t o c o m
,

‘"ar
'

fl il t 5 r
-

FI G . 4 3 — Fro n t v iew o f t h e C a st in g .

p t
en s a e fo r t h e c ent er weight o f t h e ca stin g
o ff -

by m ounting a w eight o n t h e o pp o sit e Sid e o f t h e

In m a k in g + h c pa t t e r n -

le a v e s q ua r e
!
.

FI G . 44 — Ba c
. k vi ew o f t he c as t in g .

f a c e pl a t e Unl e s s thi s i s d o n e i t will no t b e po s

.

s ibl e t o m a ch in e t h e s t o ck t r uly S c r ib e t h e line s .

E a n d c ut t h e Sl o t fo r t h e r o ll e r s wit h a h a ck
80 L a t h e Work fo r B egi nn ers

t o t h e di m en s i o n s Sh o wn in Fi g 4 S Th e
I

s aw . .

Sid e s o f t h e Sl o t a r e n ext fil e d up a s t rue a s

.

p o s s ibl e with t h e c en t e r lin e o f t h e l eg A It i s .

b e tt e r t o m a ke t h e t w o Sl o t s o f t h e s a m e width a s
in th a t c a s e r o ll e r s will b e int e r ch a n g e a bl e Nex t
, .

c o m e s t h e t a s k o f d r illing t h e h o l e s fo r t h e r o ll e r
,

pin s T h e c en t er s o f th e s e h o l e s a r e f o un d by
.

s c r ibin g li n e s F wh ich Sh o uld b e a s n e a r ly p a r a ll e l

,

a s p o s s ibl e t o t h e b e d o f t h e l a th e wh e n t h e c a s ti n g

i s s e t in t h e t o o l r e s t O n e o f t h e e a s i e s t w a y s Of
.

d o in g thi s i s t o pl a c e t h e c a s tin g in t h e t o o l r e s t
a n d s c r ib e i n t h e t a il s t o ck Pl a c e t h e t o o l r e st o n
.

t h e w a y s a n d s e t t h e c a sting t o t h e d e s i r e d h eight .

Pr e s s it a g a in st t h e s c r ib e a n d m o v e t h e t o o l r e s t
a c r o s s t h e w a y s s o th a t t h e sc r ib e r will m a r k a

lin e Th e int e r s e cti o n o f lin e F with t h e c ent e r

.

G a n d II o f t h e a rms a r e thu s m a rk e d a n d m a y b e
p r ick pun ch e d Th e h o l e s m a y n ow b e d r ill e d b ut
-
.
,

g r e a t c a r e mu s t b e t aken th a t t h e c e nt e r lin e s o f
t h e h o l e s a r e p a r a ll e l t o t h e l a th e b e d O t h e rwi s e
.

t h e w o r k d o n e with t h e t o o l will n o t b e a cc u r a t e .

On e m e th o d by which t h e h o l e s m a y b e ac cu ra t e ly
lin e d up I S d e s cr ib e d a s f o ll o ws : Pl a c e t h e c a s ting
in t h e t o o l r e st a n d p a ra ll e l wi t h it s f o o t o r b a s e
'

C l amp t h e t o o l re st a t r ight a ngl e s t o t h e w a ys (a

f a i rly a ccur a t e r ight angl e s ettin g ma y be O b t a in e d
by u s e o f t h e t ry s qua re ) C hu ck a 7/32 d rill an d
.
 L a t he A tt a c hment s a nd Th ei r Us e 1

t rue i t up L o o s en t h e cl amp o f t h e t o o l r e s t a n d
’

m o ve t h e c a sting un til t h e drill p o int t o uch e s .

e ith e r a rm B o r C a t o n e o f t h e p o i n t s which h a s ,

a l re a dy b e e n l o c a t e d T h en r e cl amp t h e r e s t
.
-

m a kin g Sur e t h a t it i s still a t r ight a n gl e s t o t h e

w a y s B ring up t h e t a il s t o ck a nd m a rk c a r efully
.

wh e r e it s ce n t e r t o uch e s t h e w o r k A ft e r p rick . .

pun chin g o n t his m ar k r e c ent er o n t h e p o in t o f

,
-

t h e d r ill a n d t h e t a il s t o ck c ent e r Uncl amp t h e .

t o ol r e st an d h o ldih g it fi rmly d o wn with t h e l eft

, ,

FI G . 45 — T h e d im e n s io ns o f t h e
. ro lle r p ins .

h and f o r c e t h e w o r k a g a in s t t h e d rill p o int by

,

m e a n s o f t h e t a il s t o ck s c r ew W h en o n e Side o f .

t h e a rm h a s b e en d r ill e d r ev e r s e t h e w o r k a n d
,

d rill t h e o th e r s id e In a simil a r m a nn e r d rill t h e

.
,

o th e r Sid e If a r eam er is h an dy drill t h e h o l e s

.
,

Slightly un d e r s iz e a n d r eam t o t h e finish e d siz e .

“
Th e n e xt pi e c e s t o b e m a chin e d a r e t h e pin s
sh own in Fig 4 5 T h e s e a r e c ut fr o m c o ld r o ll e d
. .

st o ck an d tu rn e d up o n t h e l a th e .

T h e r o ll e r s a r e turn e d n e arly t o Siz e f r o m

.

g o o d m a chi n e s t e e l th e n h a r d
,
e n e d a n d g r o un d .

A s will b e n o t e d f r o m t h e d r a wing Fig 4 6 th e r e ,

.
,
82 L a t he Work for B egi n ners

a re t wo kin d s o f r o ll e r s T h o s e with a Sh oulde r

.

a r e o f g r e a t u s e wh e n s qu a r in g up t o a d efinit e

p o int whil e t h e st r a ight r o ll e r s Sh o uld b e u s e d fo r

,

l onge r pi e c e s .

F I L E GUID E

T h e s e r o l lc g s
t o b e h a r d e ne d
a n d g r o un d .

FI G . 4 6 — T h e di
. m e n s io n s o f t he ro lle rs .

Th e purp o s e o f t h e in d ex h e a d i s fir st t o h old ,

t h e s t o ck fix e d in o n e p o s iti o n whil e o n e Sid e o f

it is b ein g fil e d ; a n d s e c o n dly t o r o t a t e t h e st o ck
, ,

thr o ugh a ny de s i r ed a n gl e A Simpl e a n d pr a c t i

‘ '

c a l m e th o d o f c o n s t r u cti o n i s Sh o wn in Fig s 4 7 a n d .
84 L a t he Work for B egi n ners

Slipp e d int o pl a c e a nd a light c omp re ssi on s p r in g

i s pl a c e d a r o un d t h e plun g e r a n d b e tw e en t h e tub e
a n d t h e p in In t h e p e riph e r y o f t h e d rivin g
.

p ull ey n e a r e s t t h e h e a d s t o ck sl o ts a r e mill e d in t o
,

which o n e en d o f t h e plun g er fits T h e s e Sl o ts .

sh o uld b e inch by in ch and thei r c ent e r

,

lo t s x -
I5 Apa
°

—
I
I Ar ma r ra nged
<
—
L m most c onve nien )
n

a
-

pos it io n .
?
O

FI G . 4 8 — T h e ind e
. x pulley fo r t h e fil ing at t a c h m ent .

line s pl a c e d 1 5 d e g r e e s a p a r t T h e a m a t eur is
;

p r o b ably n o t e quipp e d t o mill the s e s l o t s a nd it

is mu ch b e tt e r t o hav e thi s d o n e a t s o m e p r o p er ly
equipp e d s ho p th a n t o a tt empt cu ttin g th em o ut
,

with h a ck s a w a n d fil e In s en ding o ut t h e pull ey

.
,

a p r o p e r ly c e n t e r e d a r b o r Sh o uld g o with it a s this

-

will c u t d o wn t h e c o st o f t h e m a chine w o rk t o a
c o n sid e r abl e ext ent .
 L a t he A tt ac hment s a nd Thei r Us e 85

A p r a cti c a l illus t ra ti o n o f t h e w a y t h e d evic e

w o rk s i s giv en b el o w S upp o s e it i s r equire d t o
.

s q u a r e a pi e c e o f r o un d s t o ck o f in ch di am e t e r ;
r 1
t h e di a m et e r a c o s s t h e fl a ts t o b e 4 i n ch To .

b egin with c en t e r a pi e c e o f s t o ck an d tu r n it
,

d o wn t o i n ch di am et e r Pl a c e t h e file i n
.
‘

guid e In t h e t o o l r e s t s o th a t t h e a rm s s u r r o un d
the in ch s t o ck Pl a c e a fl a t b a r o f kno wn
.

thickn e s s o n t h e r o ll e r s a n d a b o v e t h e St o ck A d .

j u s t t h e h eight o f t h e r o ll e r s un til t h e di s t a n c e
f r o m t h e t o p o f t h e fl a t s t o ck t o t h e b o t t o m o f t h e
in ch pi e c e I s equ a l t o t h e thickn e s s o f t h e
fl a t st o ck plu s o n e h a lf o f t h e di a m e t e r a c r o s s t h e
,

fla t s plu s o n e h a lf t h e di a m et e r o f t h e s t o ck o n
,
-

c en t e r s In t h e illu s t r a ti o n giv en if t h e fl a t s t o ck
.
,

i s 4 in ch plu s
1 ,
in ch plu s ,
in ch o r
in ch T h e h e ight o f t h e r o ll e r s h a vin g b een p r o p
.

e rly a dj u s t e d t h e s t o ck which it i s r e qui r e d t o

,

s qu a r e i s pl a c e d i n t h e l a th e a n d fil e d
,
On e Sid e.

o f t h e s qu a r e d s u rf a c e i s th u s o b t a i n e d a n d by ,

m e a n s o f t h e in d ex h e a d t h e o t h e r thr ee sur f a ce s
m ay b e a ccu r a t ely o bt a in e d In s qu a ring h o l e s o r
.

cu t tin g k ey —w ay s a file o f t h e p r o p e r width i s

,

o b t a in e d t h e r o ll e r s r a i s e d t o s u ch a h e ight th a t
,

t h e c en t e r o f t h e fi le i s o n a pl a ne with t h e c en t e r
o f t he s t o ck a n d t h e fi l e f o r c e d a g a in s t t h e w o r k
”
.
,
 C H A PT E R V
MEA SURI NG T O O L S A ND T HEIR U S E

S c a le S qua r e Ou t s i d e C a li pe rs I n sid e C a li p er s D pt h
e

Ga ug —
er M m et e D p
ic r o r e th Ga g e
u — M i c r om e t er— V e rn i er
— Us e of M i om et e
cr D ill rs — r G a ug e— S p rin g Di v id e r s

Th r e a d G a ug S n p G ug
e s— a a es— Us e of M e a s u r i n g T o o ls .

THE l a th e o p e r a t o r mu s t kn o w h o w t o m ani
pul at e m e ch a n ic a l m e a s u r in g i n s t rum en t s b e f o r e
h e c a n a cc o mpli s h a ccu r a t e w o r k u p o n h i s m a

FI G . 49 — A m a c h in is t s
’
fo u r in c h
-
s c a le .

ch i n e . Th i s C h a pt e r will b e giv e n o v e r t o info r

m a ti o n r e g a r di n g t h e us e o f s u ch t o o l s .

T h e m o s t Simpl e a n d wid e ly u s e d m e a s u r in g
t o o l i s t h e s c al e T h e s c a l e i s r e a lly a rul e r m a d e
.

o f t h in s t e el A s c a l e i s S h o wn in Fig 4 9
. S t e el . .

s c a l e s a lw a y s h a v e t w o g r a du a t i o n s o n e a ch Sid e ,

f ou r g r a du a t i o n s in a ll G r a du a ti o n s a r e u s u a lly
.

in 1 6 t h s 32n d s a n d 6 4 t h s
, S c a l e s a r e m a d e wh ich
.
 M ea s uri ng To o ls a nd Thei r Us e 87

a re g d u ra
a t e d i n 1 00 t h S b u t t h e s e a r e
,
v e r y diffi
cult t o r e a d with t h e n a k e d ey e A 6 4 t h o f a n in ch .

i s g en e r a lly t h e limit t o w o r k with wh e n u s in g a n

o r din a r y sc a l e Me a s u r em e n t s b ey o n d thi s c a n
.

b e m a d e with a mic r o m e t e r wh ich will b e d e ,

s c r ib e d ih a l a t t e r p a r t o f t h i s C h a pt e r G r e a t ca r e .

Sh o uld b e t a ke n o f t h e m a chin i s t s s c a l e s a s th ey ’

a r e m a d e o f t h e b e s t s t eel a n d rus t r a pidly wh en

ex p o s e d t o m o i s tu r e It i s b e s t t o ke ep t h e s c a l e
.

FI G . 5 0 —.A s c a le a n d s qu a re c o mbin ed .

in littl e l e a th e r s lip which c a n b e k ept in t h e v e st

a

p o ck e t .

A c o mbin a ti o n s qu a r e a n d s c a l e i s Sh o wn in Fig .

50 . Su ch a s qu a r e i s n o t o n ly c o n v e n i e nt in
squ a r in g up w o r k but it a l s o c a n b e u s e d a s a
,

s cale S qu a r e s o f t hi s kin d a r e m a d e in v a ri o u s
.

Siz e s a n d it i s b e s t t o h a v e a t l e a s t o n e s m a ll o n e
o n h an d A g o o d s u b s titu t e fo r thi s typ e o f
.

s q u a r e a l t h o u gh s o m e wh a t m o r e c o s tly i s s h o wn
, ,

in Fig 51 . A 45 d e g r e e a n gl e c a n a l s o b e m e a s
.
88 L a t he W o rk fo r B egi n ner s

ure d o ffwith th is t o o l a n d i t will b e s e en fr om

,

t h e d r a wi n g t h a t t h e s c a l e i s a dj u s t a bl e
, It i s .

h eld i n a n y o n e p o s iti o n by a knu rl e d nut T his .

FI G . 51 — A
. co mbined s alc e an d s quare wit h 45
°
a n gle .

FI G . 52 —In sid e c a lip e rs .

s qu a r e i s a l s o p r o vid e d with a w a t e r l ev el which

i s v e r y c o nv e ni e n t fo r m a n y u s e s .

In s id e a n d o ut s id e c a lip e r s a r e m ea su r ing t o o l s
which a r e u s e d a gr ea t de a l in l a th e w o rk A n .
Mea s uri ng To o ls an d Thei r 89

FI G . 53 — T h e
. p
u se o f in s id e c ali e rs .

54 — T h e a dj ust ment o f inside c alipers .

90 L a t he W o rk for B egi nners

in s ide c a lip er i s Sh o wn in Fig 52 a n d its u se i s .

,

Sho wn a t Fig 53 If a cylin d e r w a s b eing tur n e d

. .

o ut t o a di a m e t e r o f 1 i n ch o n t h e l a th e t h e i n s id e ,

c a lip er s w o uld b e a dj u s t e d a s illu s t r a t e d in Fig .

54 . In s id e c a lip e r s w o uld th en b e c o n tinu o u s ly

a ppli e d t o t h e in sid e o f t h e cylin d e r du r i ng

cutting until th ey j u s t fitt e d Th ey Sh o uld n o t .

FI G . 55 -
C a lip e rs fo r o ut s ide mea sure m en t s .

be fo r c e d int o t h e cylin d e r , Sinc e this w ould c a u s e

th em t o pin ch t o g eth e r a n d a n a ccur a t e m e a sur e
m ent w o uld n o t b e o bt a ine d T h e t o o l Sh ould b e .

pl a c e d o n t h e in s ide o f t h e cylin d e r v e r y e a s ily ,

a n d a ft e r c o n s id e r a bl e u s e t h e m e ch a nic will fi n d
, ,

tha t h e h a s d ev el o p e d a v e ry s en s itiv e f eel in “ ”

h i s fin g e r tips which will t ell him wh eth er o r n et

t h e in s id e o f t h e cylin d e r is a t rifl e t o o l a r g e o r .
92 L a t he W o rk fo r B egi nners

t oo sm a ll . Th e xp er t m ech a nic i s s o a ccust om ed

e

t o t h e u s e o f in sid e c a lip e r s th a t h e c a n e a s ily d e

t e c t t h e diffe r en c e c a u s e d by 1 /1 000t h o f an in ch .

O ut s id e c a lip e r s a r e Sh o wn in Fig 55 an d t h e .
,

m eth o d o f a dj u sting th em i s s h o wn in Fig 56 . .

Th e u s e of th e s e c a lip e r s is Sh o wn in Fig 5 7 T h e .

ca lip e r s sh o uld n ev er b e f o r c e d o v er t h e w o r k
Sin c e thi s will c aus e th em t o sp r e a d a n d t h e t rue

1 oc k Sc r e w
.

FI G . 58.
— p
A d e t h gau ge .

m e a s ur em ent will n o t b e o bt a in e d T he y Sh oul d .

b e m a nipul a t e d in such a w a y t h a t v ery sm a ll

diff e r en c e s in siz e c an b e det ect e d This C o m e s .

o nly thr o ugh c o n tinue d u s e an d e x p e ri en c e and ,

t h e b eginn e r c a nn o t h o p e t o m a ke ex t r em e ly a o
c ur a t e m e a s ur em ents .

A d epth g a uge is illu st r a t e d in Fi g 58 an d i t s .

,
 M ea s uri ng To o ls an d Thei r Us e 93

is s h o wn in Fig 59d ep t h g auge is u s ed

A
'

us e . .

t o me a s u r e t h e d epth o f a d r ill e d h o l e T h e littl e .

g a ug e Sh o wn c a n b e v ery e a sily m a d e by t h e me
c h a nic W hen it is withdr a wn fro m t h e h o l e t h e
.
,

FI G . 59 — T h e use o f t h e
. p
de t h gauge .

FI G . 60 — A. mi mc ro et e r p
de t h gau ge .

l ength o f t h e wi r e f r o m o n e end t o t h e h o ld er will

in dic a t e t h e d epth o f t h e h o l e Thi s c a n b e me a
'
.

s ur e d w i t h a scal e .

A m ic r o m e t e r d e pth g a ug e I S I llu s t r a t e d in Fig

-
.

60 . T hi s i s u s e d o nly fo r w o r k r e qui r i n g g r ea t
94 L a t he W ork for B egi n ners
‘
a ccu r a cy Th e mic r o m e t e r s c a l e o n thi s in s t ru
.

m en t i s r e a d i n t h e s a m e w a y a s t h e s c a l e o n t h e
mic r o m e t e r d e sc rib e d in t h e f o ll o win g p a r a g r a ph .

A S i mpl e m i c r o m e t e r o f 1 in ch c a p a city i s illu s

t r a t e d in Fig 6 1 T hi s in s t r um en t mu s t b e
. .

b r o ught in t o u s e wh en v e ry a c cur a t e tu rning is

t o b e done If w o r k i s t o b e d o n e th a t i s r e qui r e d
.

t o b e a ccu r a t e within a th o u s a n dth s o f a n i n ch

, ,

it i s n o t w ell t o re ly u p o n t h e c a lip e r s A mi c r o m .

FI G . 61 — A
. mi c ro m e t er fo r v e ry a c c ura t e m e a su re m en t s .

t
e er m e a s u r em ent c a n b e a b s o lut ely r eli e d u p o n
t o b e a ccu r a t e within a th o u s a n dth o f a n i n ch .

R e f e r e n c e i s m a d e t o t h e illu s t r a ti o n o f t h e
micr o m e t e r H e r e it will b e s e e n t h a t th e r e a r e
.

t w o sc a l e s a h o r iz o n t a l o n e u p o n t h e a rm which
,

p r o j e cts fr Om t h e j a w s a n d o n e up o n t h e e dg e o f
t h e m o v a bl e thimbl e which eith er a dv an c e s o r r e

c e de s a cc o r din g t o t h e di r e cti on in which it is

t ur n e d A S thi s thimbl e i s tu rn e d t h e j aw s m o v e
.
,

wi t h it Th e s c r ew which c o n t r o l s thi s m o v em en t
.

h a s a n ex a ct pitch o f 4 0 T hu s it will b e s e en .
, ,
 M ea s uri ng To o ls an d Thei r Us e 95

th a t fo r o ne c ompl et e rev o luti o n o f t h e thimbl e ,

t h e j a w a dv a n c e s o r r e c e d e s 1 /4 0t h o f a n in ch d e
“

p en din g up o n t h e di r e cti o n in which it i s turne d .

One f o r ti e th o f a n in ch i s e quiv a l e n t t o 025 If . .

t h e thimbl e w a s turn e d f o r ty tim e s t h e mi c r om ,

e t e r w o uld b e o p en e d t o ex a ctly a n i n ch Th e h o ri .

z o n t a l s c a l e o n t h e a rm o f t h e mic r o m e t e r i s di

v i d e d in t o f o r ty p a r t s s o th a t fo r ev e ry r ev o luti o n
,

3 4 5 6 7

S /e e ve

FI G . 62 —A mi c ro m e t er s c a le .

Which t h e thimbl e m a ke s i t will m o v e t h e di s t an c e

,

o f o n e o f th e s e di vi s i o n s If t h e thimbl e w a s
.

m o ve d fr o m 0 t o t h e p o in t 5 o n t h e h o r iz on t a l
s c a l e t h e j a w o f t h e in s t rum ent w o uld b e o p en e d
,

in ch o r 20 divi s i o n s It will b e s e en th a t t h e
.

divi s i o n s o f thi s sc a l e a r e g r o up e d o ff ev e ry fifth ,

lin e b eing numb e r e d a s sh o wn cl e a r ly in Fig 6 2 . .

If th e r e w a s n o t a s c a l e en gr a v e d up o n t h e e dg e Of
t h e thimbl e it w o uld b e imp o s s ibl e t o m e a s u r e a c
,
96 La t he Work fo r Begi n ners

c u r a t ely fo rc e rt a in p a rt s o f a n in ch Th e little .

s c a l e en g r a v e d o n t h e e dg e o f t h e thimbl e m a k e s

it p o s s ibl e t o m e a s ur e ev e ry p a r t o f a n I n ch T h e .

sca l e o n t h e thimbl e i s divid e d int o tw en ty fiv e -

e qu a l p a r t s a n d it i s m a r k e d f r o m 0 t o 20 If o n e .
_

c o mple t e r ev o lu ti o n o f t h e thimbl e a dv a n c e s t h e

FI G . 63 A
-
mi
c ro m e t er re a din g O f 4 in c h

jaw of ani n ch 1 / 2 5 th o f
, a r e v o l u ti o n which ,

c a n b e d e t e rmi n e d by t h e divi s i o n s o n t h e sc a l e
“

which i s pl a c e d o n t h e e dg e o f t h e thimbl e will ,

re p r e s en t 1 /25 t h o f 025 o r 1 /000t h o f a n in ch

.
,
.

T hu s if t h e sc a l e I S a dj u s t e d a s sh o wn in Fig 6 3
,
.
,

t h e r e a di n g o f t h e mic r o m et er will b e e x a ctly 250 .

o r 4 i n ch
1 If it h a d p a s s e d t h e l a rge st m a r k an d
.

g o n e o n t o 5 t h e r e a din g w ould h a ve b e e n 255

,
.
. .
 Mea s uri ng To o ls a nd Thei r Use 97

In u sing mi c r om et er t h e b eginner will find i t

a

d ifi c ult t o r e a d t h e in st rum ent quickly u ntil a littl e

ex p e r i en c e I S g a in e d It is a ls o quit e ne c e ss a ry t o
.

kn o w t h e decima l e quiv alents o f m o st o f t h e c om

m o n f ra cti o n s s uch a s 4 1 5
/8
3
et c, C o m , .

mo n f r a cti o n s c a n e a s ily b e ch a ng e d t o d e cim a l

FI G . 64.
— A mic ro m e t er v e rnier fo r mea siIri n g wit h
'

a n a c c ura c y of

on e t en t h o u s a n d t h
-
o f an in c h .

f r a cti ons by dividing t h e nu m e r a t o r by t h e de

n o m i n a t o r I n thi s w a y

of an in ch 4 . 750

Th e mic r o m et er c a n b e u s e d t o m e a sur e
o f a n i n ch by empl o ying a v e rni e r a tt a chm ent
,

a s illu s t r a t e d in F i g 6 4 Thi s v e r ni e r a t t a chm en t

. .

divid e s t h e s ub divisi ons on t h e thimbl e sca l e int o

-

1 0 p a r ts .

Th e m o r e exp en siv e mic r o m e t e r s a r e p ro vid ed

W ith m e a n s t o a dj u s t th e m Sh ould th ey b e c o m e in
98 L a t he W ork for B egi nners

a ccura t e th r o ugh abu s e A ll m a ker s do n o t em.

p lo y t h e s a m e m e a n s In t h e S t a rr ett micr o m e t er
.
,

t h e a nvil i s fix e d a n d t h e c o r re cti o n i s e a s ily m a d e

with a sm a ll w ren ch which turn s t h e lin e o n
Sl eev e un til it c o in cid e s with t h e z er o m a r k o n t h e

FI G . 65 — A
. mic o met e
r r wit h a t e st p ec
i e us e d fo r maint aining it s
ad ust j ment .

FI G 6 6 .
— A drill gauge .

thimbl e O th er m a k er s furnish a t es t pi ec e a s
.

illu s t r a t e d in Fig 6 5 T his t e st pi e c e is ex a c t ly

. .

1 in ch in di am e t e r
Th e l a th e o p e r a t o r wi ll find frequ ent u s e o f a
Sm a ll d r ill g a ug e Sin c e t h e l a th e i s o ft en p r e s s e d
,

int o s e rvic e i n d r illing h o l e s M a ny o p e r a t o r s

. . _
 L a t he W or k fo r B egi nn ers

v i de r s is Sh o wn Fig 6 7 T h e p o ints o f the s e

in .

divid er s a r e o f ha r d ene d s t e e l a n d ext r em ely

s h a r p m aki n g th em s u it a bl e fo r sc ribing lin e s o n
,

m e t a l sur f a c e s Th ey a r e a ls o u s e d in d et e rmin
.

i n g dim en si on s b etw e e n p o int s o f li n es a n d fo r

"

t r a n sfe r r in g l ength s f r o m a sc a l e t o t h e w o rk .

FI G . 68.
— Ad j u st ing Sp rin g di v id ers .
“

W h en us e d fo r t h i s pur po s e , t h e
a

divide r s a r e ad

j us t ed a s Sh o wn in 68 .

A n o th er imp o rt an t littl e m e a s uring t o o l which

Sh o uld b e i n t h e p o ss e ssi on Of ev e ry m e ch an ic i s
Sh o wn in Fig 6 9 This is a thr e a d g a ug e a n d i s
. .

u s e d t o d e t e rmin e t h e n umb e r o f th re a ds p er in ch

o f a s c r ew .T hu s if t h e m e ch a n ic h a s a sc r ew
,

which h e d e s i r e s t o duplic a t e h e c a n fir s t fin d t h e
,

numb e r o f th r e a d s it h a s t o t h e in ch by t h e u s e o f
 M ea s uri ng Too ls a nd Th ei r Us e

thi s lit t l e in s t rum ent a nd th en a dj u s t hi s l a th e t o

,

c ut a S imil a r th r e a d Th e u s e o f t h e in s t rum ent

.

"
is v ery cl early illu st r a t e d in Fig 70 E a ch o n e . .

o f t h e bl a d e s r e pr e s e nt s a c e r t a i n th r e a d Th e .

69 — A s m a ll t h re a d ga u g e .

bl a d e s a r e t ri e d t o t h e thr e a d un til o n e i s f o un d
,

th a t will fit s nugly E a ch bl a d e i s m a r ke d ; t h e
.

thr e a d Sh o wn in Fig 70 in dic a t e d by t h e numb e r

~
.
,

FI G . 70 — T h e
. use o f a t h re a d gau ge .

o n t h e bl a d e ,
w
hich is 18, m e a n in g 18 th r e a d s to

the in ch .

F o r duplic a t e l a th e w o r k s n a p g a ug e s a r e o ft e n
empl o ye d Su ch a g a u g e i s d epict e d in Fig 71
. . .

E a ch ga ug e is m a de fo r a c e rt a in dim en s i o n ; th ey
1 02 L a t he Wo rk for B egi n n ers

a re c ut y a c u r a t e ly a n d t h e w o r k
ve r ,
is t u rn e d
d o wn un til it will fit p ro p erly b e twe en t h e j aws .

71 —A
. sna pg a u ge .

S uc h gaug es
“
;
v e r y exp ens iv e an d t h e a m a t eur
are

m e ch a nic will fin d littl e n e e d fo r th ei r u s e .

1 04 L a t he Work fo r Begi n n ers

th e t o o l digs un d er t h e s urf a c e o f t h e m e t a l a n d
cur l s o fi a sm a ll t hread Th e a m ount o f m e t a l .

which t h e t o o l is abl e t o remo v e depends up on t h e

s h a r pn e ss o f t h e t o o l t h e s o ft ne ss o f t h e m e t a l t h e
, ,

s iz e o f t h e l a th e a n d i t s d r iving m o t o r On a sm a ll .

a m a t e ur l a th e i t will b e p o s s ibl e t o t a k e b u t a v e r y
,

s m a ll c u t .

A c o mpl e t e s e t o f l a t h e t o o l s i s illu s t r a t e d in

Ro un d No s e To o /
5

Pfg bf f/
a no/ Side 76 0 /
-

Th r e a d C uffing 70 0 /
-

L ee fl a -
m e ro o/
C u ffing Off 76 0 /

Pa r fl n g 7b o /
’
L eff l/a nd filbmond Poh /
-
ea 70 07
-

FI G . 73 -
A co mp l e t e s et o f lat h e t o o ls .

F ig 73. . E a ch on e o f t he s e
t o o l s h a s a sp e c i a l u s e ,

a n d if g o o d w o r k i s t o b e d o n e e a ch t o o l mu st b e

u s e d i n t h e p r o p er pl a c e L ong ex p e ri en c e h a s .

t aught th a t s ev e r a l v a r i eti e s o f turni ng c anno t b e

a cc o mplish e d suc c e ssfully With a singl e t o o l .

L ath e t o o ls a r e o f differ ent size s F o r v e ry sm a ll .

l a th e s t o ols
,
in ch s qua r e a re u s e d On l a r ge r .

l a th e s ,
in ch s t o ck i s empl o y e d a n d s iz e s l a rg e r ,

th an t hi s a r e g en e r a lly o f o bl o n g s e cti o n -
.
 A Les s o n i n M et a l Turni ng

L at h e mu st b e ke pt s h a r p en e d T hi s i s
'

t o ols ,
.

do n e o n a g r in din g wh e e l a n d s o m e exp e r i en c e i s
ne c e s s a r y t o p r o p e r ly s h a rp e n a t o o l Th e b e gin
.

n e r m u s t b e c a r e ful th a t h e d o e s n o t b urn t h e “ ”

t o o l whil e g rin din g it If t h e t o o l is a ll o we d t o

. .

r em a in i n c o n t a ct with t h e g r i n din g wh ee l t o o

l o n g its t emp er wil l b e withdr a wn an d t h e p a rt

,

which c am e in c o nt a ct with t h e wh eel will turn

blu e W hile g r in din g a t o o l it s h o uld b e o cc a
.

s i o n a lly in a c o nv eni e n t r e c e pt a cl e o f c o ld w a t e r .

T hi s will f a cilit a t e g r in din g a n d p r ev en t t h e p o i n t

o f t h e t o o l f r o m b e c o min g s o ft A ft er this g rin d
.

ing o p er a ti o n t h e fini s h c an b e put o n with a few

.

s t r o k e s o f a s m a ll c a r b o r un dum h a n d s t o ne .

It h a s b een st a t e d b e f o r e th a t e a ch tu rn in g t o o l
h a s a sp e cific u s e T h e r e a d e r will th o r o u ghly
.

un d e r s t a n d t h e u s e o f t h e v a r i o u s t o o l s by re f e r

r in g t o Fig 74
.
. .

It will b e a s s um e d th a t a s m all b r a ss pin i s t o

b e tu rn e d o ut a cc o r di ng t o dim en s i o n s n o t e d i n
Fi g 75 . Th e fi r st thin g n e c e s s a r y will b e a pi e c e
.

of inch r oun d b r a s s st o ck 4 in ch e s l o ng Sinc e .

this b r a ss st o ck h a s t o b e turn e d b etween cen t er s

o n t h e l a th e it will b e n e c e ss a r y t o fi n d t h e c e n t er s
,

o f t h e st o ck B efo r e th1 s i s d o n e b o th en ds o f t h e
.

s t o ck mu st b e f a c e d up by pl a cin g t h e s t o ck in
.

t h e chu ck a n d u s in g t h e l e f t h a n d fa cin g t o o l T h e .
1 06 L a t he W o rk fo r B egi n ners

Ro u n d No s e
To o l .

C ut t ing-
off Th re ad C ut t i ng Bah t Th re ad
To o l C ut t in To o l
.
g .

In s id e T h re ad
To o l .
1 08 L a t he Work for B egi nners

cl e a r ly illu st r a t e d in Fig 77 H e re a p a i r o f
. .

s p r in g divi d e r s a r e u s e d T h e fo u r m a rk s sh o wn
.

a r e sc r a tch e d a n d t h e p un ch m a r k is th e n m a d e

a s cl o s e a s p o s s ibl e t o t h e c e n t e r o f t h e e n cl o s u r e

f o r me d by th e s e m a rk s .

H a vin g f o un d t h e c en t e r o f ea ch e n d o f t h e

FI G . 77 — Fin d in g a c en t e r fo r s p ri n g d iv ide rs .

t ck it will n o w be n e c e s s a ry t o drill o ut t h e end s

s o ,

t o r e c e iv e t h e l a th e c ent e r s F o r this a sm a ll
.

c e nt e r ing drill s uch a s illu s t r a t e d in Fig 78 i s .

u s ed . T his n o t o nly d rills t h e c en t er s but c o un t e r

s in ks th em a s w ell s o th a t t h e c e nt e r s o f t h e
“

l a th e will fit a t illu s t r a t e d in Fig 79 If a n o rdi . .

 A Lesso n i n Met a l Turni ng 1 09

nar y d rill wa s us e d fo r thi s purp o s e the c e nt e r s

wo ul d a pp e a r as sh o wn in Fig 8 0 . . Th e sh a r p

FI G . 78 —.A c e n t erin g drill .

edg e r e s ting o n t h e t a il s t o ck c ent e r w o uld s o o n

we a r d o wn wh en t h e w o rk w a s r ev o lv e d a n d thi s
w ould c a u s e a l o o s e b e a r ing which w o uld int e r f e r e

FIG . 79 — Pro p er la t h e c en t e rs .

with a ccur a t e tur n in g Th e c o u nt e r s unk h o l e

.
-

p r o du c e d by t h e c e n t e ring d rill h a s t h e s ame a ngl e

a s t h e c e n t e r s o f t h e l a th e a n d th e r e f o r e a g o o d

b ea ring w fll r e sult .

FI G 8 0 —C
. en t ers made wit h an ordinary d ril l .

Th e chu ck i s n o w t a ken o ff t h e l a th e and r e

p l a c e d by t h e d r iv er pl a t e Th e t.a il s t o ck c en t e r

i s I n s e r t e d in t h e t a il s t o ck s pi n dl e a n d t h e liv e
1 10 L a t he Wo rk fo r Begi nners

c en t e r i s pl a c e d in t h e h a n d st o ck spin dl e W h en
-
.

thi s I s d o n e t h e s t o ck i s cl amp e d in a l a th e d o g
,
.

A l a th e d o g i s s h o wn i n Fig 8 1 a n d t h e m e th o d o f
‘

u sing it o n t h e l a th e is s h o wn in Fig 8 2 It i s . .

FI G . 8 1.
— A la t h e d o g -
.

by me an s o f th e l a th e d o g th a t t h e m o ti on o f t h e
liv e s pin dl e i s t r a n s mit t e d t o t h e w o r k O th e rwi s e .

t h e liv e s pin dl e w o uld m e r ely s lip a r o un d I n t h e

c en t e r h o l e o f t h e pi e c e t o b e tur n e d In m o un t .

I ng t h e s t o ck in t h e l a th e it is fi r s t pl a c e d o n t h e
,

FI G . 8 2 — M et h o ds
. o f us in g a la t h e do g
-
.

liv e c ent er wi th t h e a rm o f t h e d o g r e s ting in t h e

s l o t o f t h e d r iv e r pl a t e H o ldin g t h e s t o ck in pl a c e
.

with o n e h a n d t h e t a il s t o ck is s lid in t o pl a c e wit h

,

t h e o t h e r a n d cl a mp e d T h e s pi n dl e o f t h e t a il
.

s t o ck i s th e n m o v e d f o rw a r d un t il t h e c e n t e r c o m e s
‘

t o r e s t in t h e o t h e r c e n t e r h o l e o f t h e w o rk T his .
1 12 L a t he Wo rk for B egi n ners

f r o m t h e w o r k Su ch a t o o l i s u s e d fo r turni ng
.

s t eel .If a t o o l with a p o s itiv e r ake w a s us e d i n

tu rn in g b r a s s a v e ry b a d a ccid en t w o uld b e a pt t o
o

o ccu r B r a s s 1 s a c o mp a r a tiv ely s o ft m e t a l a n d

.

wh en s u ch a t o o l i s b r o ugh t in c o n t a ct with it it
h a s a t end en cy t o bit e in T hi s s o m etim e s
“
.
”

c a u s e s t h e m o t o r t o s t a ll due t o a n ex c e s s iv e lo a d .

If t h e mo t o r i s a r e a lly p o w e r ful on e t h e belts

'

FI G . 8 4 — . La t h e t o o l in po s it io n fo r c ut t in
g .

will m e r ely s lid e a ro un d So m e tim e s t h e l a th e .

t o o l i s un a bl e t o s t a n d t h e s t r a in a n d s nap s o ff .

T h e w o r k b e in g tu rn e d i s I nv a r i a bly spo il e d wh e n
h a pp en s T h e r e f o r e t h e me ch anic s h o ul d
.

a lw a y s s e e t h a t h e h a s a t o o l g r o un d with a n e g a

tiv e r a kefo r t ur ning b r a s s .

T h e r o ughing t o o l with t h e n eg a t i v e ra ke 1 8
m o un t e d in t h e t o o l p o s t a nd br o ught up t o a b o ut
5 d e g r e e s a b o v e t h e c e n t e r o f t h e w o r k ( s e e Fig .

T h e l a th e t o o l c a n b e a dj u st e d b e f o r e t h e
 A Les s o n in M et a l Turni ng

w o r k i s pl a c e d b etw een c ent e r s It c an b e m ount ed

.

in t h e t o o l p o s t a n d r a i s e d o r l o w e r e d un til i t s
cuttin g e dg e i s ex a ctly o n t h e s am e l ev el a s t h e
p o in t o f t h e c en t e r s W h en t h e w o rk i s m o unt e d
.

in pl a c e t h e e dg e o f t h e cuttin g t o o l will th en b e
in p ro p e r p o s iti o n .

T h e p i e c e I s n o w r ea dy fo r tu rnin g .T h e l a th e
s h o u ld b e r un a t a m e dium s p e e d with t h e b elt o n

t h e middl e p ull ey It i s cu s t o m a ry t o t urn b r a s s a t

.

'

a high e r sp e e d th a n th a t u s e d in o r di n a ry s t e el o r

i r o n t urning Th e s lid e r e s t is m a nipul a t e d un til

.

t h e cu ttin g t o o l re a ch e s t h e b a ck e dg e o f t h e s t o ck .

T h e c r o s s f e e d is th en r un i n a b out Of a n i n ch
.

a n d l e ft i n thi s p o s iti o n . Th e l a t h e c a r ri a ge i s
th en s l o wly m o v e d t o w a r d s t h e h ea d s t o ck T h e
.

p r o p e r s p ee d t o m o v e t h e l a th e c a r ri a g e in dif
fe r en t cl a s s es o f tu rnin g mu s t b e g a in e d by e x

p e r i e n.c e I f it i s m o v e d t o o f a st it will h a v e a

t en d en cy t o c ut a s c r ew in t h e w o rk It i s mu ch
.

b ett er fo r t h e b e ginn er t o m o v e t h e c a r ri a g e a
littl e s l o we r th a n i s n e c e s s a ry g ra dua lly inc re a s
,

i ng t h e s p e e d un til it r e a ch e s t h e s a fe m ax imum .

In thi s in s t a n c e t h e m e ch a n ic mu s t r em emb e r th a t
t h e di st a n c e f r o m t h e en d o f t h e pin t o t h e s h o ul
d e r i s a b o u t 3 in ch e s .He sh ould pl a c e his sc al e
a l o n g s id e o f t h e re v o lvin g w o r k a n d run t h e t o o l

a di s t a n c e o f th r ee i n ch e s W h e n t h e t o o l re a ch e s
.
1 14 L a t he W ork for B egi n ners

this p o int t h e c r o s s f e e d s h o uld b e m anipul a t e d

in a r ev er s e di r e cti o n s o th a t t h e cu ttin g e dg e o f
t h e t o o l will b e withd r a wn f r o m t h e w o r k . Th e
l a th e c a r ri a g e i s th en s lid b a ck a n d a n o th e r c ut o f
o f a n i n ch i s t a k en . Th e s e cut s a r e r e p e a t e d
s e v e r a l tim e s u nt il t h e me ch a n ic f e el s th a t h e i s

g ettin g s o m ewh er e n e a r t h e fin a l di a m et er He .

s h o uld t h en s e t h i s c a lip e r s t o 1 7 32 o f a n i n ch a n d

tu rn t h e w o rk until thi s di am et e r i s r e a ch e d T h e .

c a lip e r s s h o uld th en bes e t t o ex a ctly in ch .

T h e n a v e r y fin e c ut i s t a k en W h en t h e m ec h a n l c
.

b e c o m e s p r o fici en t h e will fin d th a t h e i s a bl e t o
c u t o ff 1 /32 o f a n in ch v e r y a ccu r a t e ly T h e b e gin
.

n e r h o w ev e r m a y h a v e t o t a k e t w o ex t r em e ly fi n e
, ,

cut s t o a rriv e a t t h e fin a l di a m et er C e r t a inly t h e

.

b e gi nn e r s h o uld t a k e t w o fin e cut s r a th e r tha n

-

r i s k sp o ilin g t h e w o r k by a s in gl e h e a vy o n e It .

i s w ell t o r em emb er th a t a p i e c e th a t i s o v e r s iz e
c a n a lw a y s b e t ur n e d d o wn b ut the r e is n o rem e dy
,

fo r a pi e c e un d e r s iz e
T h e ro ugh in g t o o l sh o u ld n o w b e r ep la c e d with
a l e ft h a n d f a cin g t o o l . T hi s f a cing t o o l is u s e d
t o s qu a r e up t h e s h o uld e r o n t h e pi n S i n c e t his
c a nn o t b e d o n e p r o p e rly with t h e r o ughing t o ol
o wi n g t o i t s ci r cul a r c utting e dg e . Th e l e ft h a n d
f a cin g t oo l cut s o ut this ci r cul a r c ont o ur l eft by
‘

t h e r o ugh ing t o o l a n d t ru e s t h e w o r k up nic e ly .

1 16 L a t he Wo r
k fo r Begi n ners

c omplish ed with i t Th en th er e is als o t o b e c o n

.

s i d e r e d t h e f a ct th a t h a n d tu r n i n g r e qui r e s c o n

s i d e r a b l e exp e r i e n c e a n d ev e n t h e n i t
,
h a s its
limit a t i o n s .

In h a n d tu rnin g t h e t o o ls a r e s upp o r t e d u p o n
,

t h e t e e r e s t with t h e cuttin g e dg e
-

,
c o nt a ct with

FI G . 86 — The
. p p p
ro er o s it io n fo r h a nd t urn ing
-
.

t he w o rk which i s r ev o lving in t h e l ath e Th e .

p o siti o n f o r h a n d t u r n I n g i s s h o wn i n Fig 8 6 . .

D iff e r en t s h a p e d t o o l s a r e empl o y e d fo r h a nd
tu rnin g Th e m o s t c o mm o n t o o l s u s e d a r e s h o wn
.

i n Fi g 8 7
. Ma n y o f th e s e t ec l s c a n b e g ro un d
.

t o s h a p e f r o m o ld fil e s Fil e s a r e ext r em ely h a r d

.

a n d a r e v e r y s u i t a bl e fo r w o r k o f thi s n a t u r e .

T h e t o o l s h o uld b e a s l o n g a s p o s s ibl e t hu s i n ,
 A Les s o n i n M et a l Turni ng ‘
117

c r e a s ing its l ev e r a g e a n d m a kin g it s m anipul a ti o n

ea sier . W h en h a n d t ur ning with s t e e l t h e w o r ke r ,

s h o uld r em emb e r t o g r i n d a p o s itiv e r a k e up o n

t h e t o ol . Ju s t t h e rev e r s e is t rue with b ra ss It .

Gr a v e r

Ho o k or He e l To o l

Fla l En d e d To o l
' '

S q ua re En d e d To o l

Be a d Wo r k ing To o l

Pa r t in g To o l
-

FI G . 87 — . Han d—t urnin g t o o ls .

is esp eci ally d a n ger o u s t o a tt empt h an d turning

o n b r a s s with a p o s itiv e r a k e a s t h e t o o l i s a pt

t o dig in a n d b e p ull e d f r o m t h e w o rk e r s h a nd ’

if t h e m a chin e i s p o we r driv e n .
1 18 L a t he Work fo r Begi n ners

In h a n d tur n in g t h e t e er e s t sh o ul d b e pl a c ed
,
-

a s cl o s e a s p r a ctic a l t o t h e work T h e ex a ct p o s i .

t i o n wi ll d ep en d up o n t h e s iz e o f t h e j o b C o rr e c t .

a n d i n c o rr e ct p o s iti o n s a r e s h o wn in Th e
t o o l s h o wn in thi s illu s t r a ti o n I s t h e h e el o r h o o k
t o ol . In turnin g i r o n o r st ee l by h a n d pl en ty o f

FI G . 88 .
-
C orre c t and in c o rrec t p o s it io n fo r t h e h o o ked t oo l .

lub ric a ting h o uld b e a ppli e d This i s n o t

o il
“

s .

n e c e s s a r y wh en w o r kin g with b r a s s .

In sid e turnin g c an b e d o n e if t h e l a the i s pr o

v i d e d with a chu ck T h e m e th o d o f a cc o mpli s h
.

i ng t hi s is illust r a t e d in Fig 8 9 H e r e a s e p a r a t e . .

t o o l c a ll e d a n a rm r e st is u s e d t o s upp o rt t h e c ut
-

ting t o o l .

T h e l a th e c a n b e u s e d a s a d rill p r e ss by pl a c
i ng a d r ill chu ck in t h e t a il s t o ck o r h e a dst o ck ,
1 20 L a t he Work for Begi nners
t o u ch e s the w o rk Th e l a th e i s then s et in m o ti on
.

a n d t h e d r ill fe d in t o t h e w o r k by m e a n s o f t h e

h a n d wh e el o n t h e t a il s t o ck .

G o o d el l Pr a tt l a th e s a r e p r o vid e d with a sm a ll
-

d rill pa d Thi s d rill pa d i s pl a c e d in t h e t a il

"

st o ck Th e chu ck i s pl a c e d ih t h e h e a d s t o ck
.

s pin dl e a n d in t hi s w a y a p o w e r d r iv en d r ill p re s s

i s a v a il a bl e D rillin g o n t h e l a th e in this w a y i s
.

b o th c o nv en i e n t a n d r a pid .

In t h e e v en t t h a t a h ol e i s t o b e d r ill e d c r o s s
wis e thr ough a r o un d pi e c e o f st o ck a sm all V ,

FI G . 9 1 —A V .
-
c ent e r fo r t h e la t h e .

c en t er i s pl a ce d in t h e t a il s t o ck s pin dl e This -
.

V c en t e r i s il lu s t r a t e d in Fi g 91
-
Su ch a c en t e r . .

w ill h o ld t h e r o un d s t o ck i n p o s iti o n a n d p r ev en t
it f r o m tur nin g whil e t h e dr illing i s b e ing d o n e .

If t h e r egul a r d r ill p a d w a s u s e d fo r this w o rk

‘

it w o uld b e v e ry difficult t o dr ill th r o ugh it with

o ut s lippin g t o o n e s id e o r t h e o th e r .

It might b e well t o giv e a few di r e cti o n s fo r

drillin g a t this tim e A d rill w ith t h e n a m e s o f
.
,

i t s v a r i o u s p a r t s i s sh o wn in Fig 92 T h e cuttin g
,
. .

e dg e o f a d r ill i s a lw a y s high e r th a n t h e b a ck

e dg e . Th e di ffe r en c e i n t h e h eight b e tw een th e s e

 A Les s o n i n Met a l Tu rni ng 1 21

t wo dg e s 1 s c a ll e d t h e cl ea ra n c e Th e b e st w ay
e .

fo r t h e m e ch a nic t o un d e rst a n d t h e cl e a r a n c e is
t o stu dy n ew d rill s T h e s e d r ill s a re g r o un d a t
.

t h e s h op wh e r e th ey a r e m a d e a n d th ey a r e a s
n e a r ly p e r f e ct a s it i s c o mm e r ci a lly p o s s ibl e t o

m a ke th em .

In r e g r in ding a drill it is o nly n e c e ss a ry t o

-

’
y b o c/
v Ed e
g

FIG 92 — A
. . met al d rill an d t he na m es o f it s p a rt s .

g ri n d tips T h e flut e e dge s a r e n ev er t o uch ed

it s .

sin c e thi s w o uld r e duc e t h e di a m e t er o f t h e d rill

a nd c a u s e it t o d r ill u n d e r s iz e It i s n e ce s s a ry.

t o u s e a g rin din g wh e el t o sh a r p en d r ill s Th e .

cuttin g e dg e o f t h e d rill i s pl a c e d a g a in s t t h e
g ri n ding wh e e l an d with a swe eping m o ti o n t h e
, ,
1 22 L a t he W ork fo r Begi nners

d rill is m o v e d upw ar d a n d a t t h e s am e time

r ev o lv e d s o th a t t h e g r in di n g wh ee l will t o u ch t h e

s u r fa c e o f o n e s i de T h e s a m e pr o c edur e i s t h en
.

f o ll o w e d o ut o n t h e o pp o s it e s id e o f t h e d rill a n d
‘

c a r e sh o uld b e t a k en t o s ee t h a t t h e drill i s h eld

a t t h e s a m e an gl e i n r e l a ti o n t o t h e wh ee l e a ch

FI G . 93 — A drill
i
_
-

grinding gauge .

tim e If this I s n o t d o n e o n e cutting e dge o f t h e

.
,

d r ill will b e high er th a n t h e o th e r a n d t h e d r ill

will h a v e a t en d en cy t o p r o duc e a h o l e o v e r s iz e .

T o d r ill a ccur a t ely b o th cu tting e dg e s s h o uld b e

,

g r o und a t t h e s am e a n gl e On th e l a rg e r d r ill s a
.

g auge i s u s e d t o p r ev en t o n e sid e f r o m b eing

g ro un d high e r th a n t h e o the r Such a ga ug e and .

its u s e i s sh o wn in F ig 93‘
. .
1 24 L a t he Wo rk fo r B eginners

a g a in s t t h e d rill pa d a n d in thi s w ay t h e thre a d s

a r e sure t o b e cut s qu a r e a n d t ru e W h en cutting
'

FI G . 95 — C ut t in g t h rea ds o n a s mall be nch lat h e .

thr e a ds by thi s m eth o d it is b e st t o pull t h e b elt

a r o un d by h a n d s i n c e t h e p o w e r d r iv e w o uld b e

FI G 9 6 . .
-
A dis c grinder fo r u se o n a s mall lat h e .

mu ch t o o f a s t W h en s t e el i s b eing th readed
"

pl en ty o f lub ric a tin g o il i s n e c e s s a ry

.
.
 A Les s o n i n M et a l Turni ng

A v e ry c onv en ient a tt a ch m en t fo r a sm a ll l a the

i s d e pic t e d in Fig 96 T hi s i s a s m all w o o d en di s c
. .

c o v e r e d with em e ry o r c a r b o run dum cl o th Th e .

di s c i s s e cur e d t o t h e s l o tt e d f a c e pl at e by m e an s
o f w o o d s c r ew s a s s h o wn Th e t a bl e r e s t i s
.

b r o ught up t o within a b o ut in ch o f t h e r ev olm

i ng disc By t h e a i d o f this di s c m any j o bs c an
.

— mall co mp k and it s use

'

FIG . 97 A s ressio n c h uc .

be d one T h e a uth o r h a s f o un d this littl e d evic e

.

p r a ctic a lly in di s p en s a bl e in h i s sh o p W ith it

.
!

.
,

fl a t s u r f a c e s c a n be p o li s h e d pi e c e s s qu a r e d up
, ,

et c I t is e qu a lly a s u s eful in w o o dw o r kin g a n d

.

p a tt e rn m a kin g a s in m e t a l wo r k I t i s a v e ry
-
.
-

g o o d s ub s titu t e fo r a file a n d p r o duc e s m o r e

a cc u r a t e r e s ult s .

Th e li t tl e c o mpr e s s mn chu ck illu s t r a t e d in Fi g .

9 7 c a n b e u s e d i n m a ny c as e s i n c o n n e cti o n with
. :
 L a t he Wo rk fo r B egi nners

a G o o d e ll Pr a tt
l a th e By t h e a i d o f this littl e
-
.
'

chuck which is p r ovide d with diffe r ent s iz e d bu s h

,

FI G . 98 — . Dim en s io n s of a b ushi ng t o b e ma de b y t h e us e of a

co mp res s io n c h u c k .

ings a l o ng pi e c e o f s t o ck c a n b e fe d thr o ugh t h e

,

c en t e r o f t h e liv e s pin dl e If bu s hin g s w e re t o .

b e m a d e a cc o r ding t o t h e dim en s i o n s illu st r a t e d in

FI G 99 — Using
. . a s mall lat h e as a grinding h e ad .

Fig 98 , . it w ould only b e n ec e ss a ry t o pl a c e t h e

p r o p er size d dr ill I n t h e t a il s t o ck a n d drill t h e
c en t er o ut T h e bu s hing c o uld th en b e c ut o ff
.

in ch l o ng a n d a n o th er o n e c ut in t h e s a m e w a y .
 C HAPTE R VII

A DVA NC E D LA THE W OR K

Us e o f C h uc k M a d els
n r —4 B o ri ng B o ring To ols B oring
B a rs — B o ring C y St ra p i n g W o rk t o L a t h e C al
li n de r s — p '

r ia g e— F a c e Plat e E c cen t r i c Turn i ng Ec c e nt ric Ma n dr el

— —
\

Angle Plat e— Taper Turning— Use o f Rea ers

-
m .

T HIS C h a pt er w ill b e d ev o t e d t o m o r e a dv a n c e d
l a th e w o rk a nd will in clu de t a p e r a n d e cc en t ric
‘

t urnin g b o r ing e t c Th e b eginn e r will fin d tha t

, , .

h e c a n u s e his l a th e in a multitu d e o f w a ys .

FI G . 1 00 — A
. p iec e of s m a ll t urning .

A g r ea t a m ount o f S i mpl e turning c an b e a ec o m

pli s h e d with t h e o r din a ry chu ck If it w a s d e s i red .

to turn a pm d o wn a s s h o wn in Fig 1 00 it c o uld .

,

b e ea sily chuck e d a n d tu rn e d a s illu s t r a t e d in

Fi g 101
. Th e b e gin n e r ma y w o n d e r why it wa s
.

n o t n e c e ss a r y t o tur n th1 s p i e c e b e tw e en c en t e r s .

If t h e pi ec e h a d b e en l o n ge r it w o uld h av e b e en
n e c e ss a r y t o d o this In t h e c a s e o f t h e st o ck
.

1 28
 A dva nc ed L a t he Wo rk 1 29

b ein g l on ge r th a n i t i s it w o uld s p ring when t h e

,

t o o l w a s b r o ugh t in c o n t a ct with it T urning o f .

thi s n a tu r e c a n o nly b e a cc o mpli s h e d s uc c e s s fully

.

wh en t h e s t o ck i s o f t h e p r o p e r di am e t e r a n d
s h o r t e n ou gh If a 14 in ch pi e c e o f s t o ck t h e s a m e
.

l e n gth a s t h e pi e c e s h o wn in t h e chu ck (Fig 1 01 ) .

w a s b e in g tu rn e d it w o uld s p r in g wh en t h e t o o l
,

w a s b r o ught in c o n t a ct with it H o w ev e r t h e
‘

.
,

FI G . 10 1 .
-
k m o un t e d
T h e wo r on t he c h uc k .

l a r g e r pi e c e h a s en o u gh b o dy t o o v e r c o m e t h e c ut
t I n g a cti o n o f t h e t o o l In a ll tu r n i n g o f t hi s
.

n a tu r e t h e b e gin n e r mu s t u s e h i s o wn j u dgm e n t .

If t h e c e nt e r o f a sm a ll rin g w a s t o b e tur n e d
o u t it c o u ld b e m o un t e d i n t h e chu ck a n d tu r n e d

v e ry e a s ily a s d e pict e d in Fig 1 02 T h e r ea d er . .

will un d e r s t a n d h o w e v e r th a t it w o ul d n o t b e
, ,

p o s s ibl e t o chu ck a s qu a r e pi e c e o f s t o ck in a th r e e
j a w e d chu ck ev en th o ugh t he chu ck i s s elf c en t e r -
 L a t he Wo rk for B egi nners

i ng . H o w ev e r , it i s p o s s ibl e t o chu ck
h ex a g o na l a

pi e c e o f st o ck fo r t ur ning L a th e chu ck s o f t h e.

typ e illu st r a t e d in Fig a r e p r o vid e d with t w o

.

FI G . 102 — Ho w a ring is t urn e d out .

se ts j a w s On e s et i s c a ll e d t h e in sid e j aws
of . .

If a pi e c e o f b r a s s tubin g w a s t o b e c ut a n d t urn e d
it w o uld b e m o unt e d in t h e chu ck a s illu st r a t e d in

FI G . 1 03 — Ho w b ra ss b
t u in g is m o un t e d in a c h uc k
.

Fi g 1 03
. .
j w
Th e s o f t h e chu ck h a v e s t e p s
a T h e .

t ubin g i s pl a c e d o v e r th e s e s t e p s a n d t h e j a ws

a r e ex p a n d e d un til th ey g r ip t h e t ubin g ,
Ju st .

e n o ugh p r e s s ur e s h o uld b e e x e r t e d o n t h e in t e r i o r
132 L a t he W o rk fo r Begi n ners

m an dr el i s u s e d A m a n dr el i s n o thing m o re o r
.

l e s s th a n a s lightly t a p e r in g s t e e l r o d h a r d e n ed ,

a n d g r o un d a n d c en t e r e d o n each en d T hi s i s .

s h o wn qu it e cl e a r ly in F ig 105 T h e ma n d r el i s
. .

in s e rt e d in t o t h e pull ey a nd driv en in tightly .

T h e l a t h e d o g i s th en pl a c e d u p o n t h e m a n d r e l .

I t will b e un d e r s t o o d th a t t h e h o l e in t h e p ull ey
mu s t b e t h e s a m e s iz e a s t h e s m a ll en d o f t h e
m a n d r e l o f which t h e t a p e r is a b out 030 inch per .

FI G . 1 05 —T h e pull y m
e o un t e d o n a m a n d re l .

f o o t W ith t h e s m a ll pull ey sh o wn a ma n dr el
.
,

in ch in di a m e t e r w o uld b e s uffici en t In s uch a .

ca s e a
,
-
in ch h o l e w o uld b e d rill e d thr o ugh t h e
c en t e r o f t h e pull ey T h i s c o uld b e d o n e o n t h e
.

l a th e with t h e pull ey m o un t e d in t h e chu ck Th en .

a pi e c e o f in ch dr ill r o d s lightly o v e r s iz e (a b o ut
-

.378 ) i s f o r c e d in t o t h e in ch h o l e T hi s c a n b e
-
.

d o n e a s s ke tch e d in Fig 1 06 Th e m an d r el c a n
. . .

b e r em o v e d in t h e s a m e m a n n e r .

T h e s ubj e ct o f b o ri n g will n o w b e c o n s i d e r e d .

By t h e p r o c e s s o f b o ri ng i s m e a n t t h e tur nin g o ut
 A dva nc ed L a t he Wo rk 33

of a ho l e such a s t h e b o r e o f a cylind er If t h e .

s m a ll c up s h o wn i n F ig 1 07 w a s t o b o re d o u t
.
, ,

t h e o p e r a ti o n c ould b e d o n e with t h e l a th e

FI G . 106 — Ho w t h e
. pull ey is fo rc e d o nt o t he m a n dr e l .

an d b o ring t oo l Th e b o ring t o o l o f c ou r s e w ould

.
, ,

b e m o un t e d a s s k e tch e d in Fig 1 08 In g r in din g

. .

t h e l a th e t o o l fo r w o rk o f this n a tur e t h e b egin ,

FI G . 107 — A . cup t o b e t urne d o ut o n t h e la t h e .

n er mu st b e c a r e ful t o s e e tha t h e g e ts t h e p r o p er
cl ea r a n c e o r t h e r e s ult s h o wn in Fig ; 1 09 A will -

b e p r o du c e d It will b e s e en th a t t h e o r din a ry
.

b o rin g t o o l h a s a v e ry limI t e d a pplica ti o n a nd c a n

134 L a t he W o rk fo r B egi nners

on ly b e u s e d fo r a limit e d c ut If t o o l ong a c ut .

is m a d e t h e t o o l will b e a pt t o s p r ing a n d p r o duc e

,

a n in a ccu ra t e r e s ult In b o ring o ut l o ng h o l e s

.

FI G . 1 08 — Ho w t h e b o rin g t o o l is mount ed .

it is th er e f o r e n e c e s s a r y t o u s e wh a t is kn o wn
a s a b o r in g b a r T h e m e ch a nic c a n e a s ily m a k e
.

a b o r in g b a r which wi ll b e v e r y u s e ful in m any dif

FI G . 109 — I mp p e ro r c learance o n t he boring t o ol .

fe r ent w a ys Fig 1 09 B s h o ws t h e p r o p er way in

. .
-

which t h e p o int o f a b o r in g t o o l s h ould b e g r oun d '

T h e littl e bo r ing b a r I llu s t r a t e d i n Fig 11 0 c a n .

,

b e u s e d wh e r e it wo uld b e imp o s s ibl e t o u s e t h e

1 36 L a t he Wo rk fo r B egi n n ers

f e e d sh ould a l s o b e light t o p r ev ent t h e b a r fr om

s p r i n gin g .

It will b e n e c e ss a ry fo r t h e b e ginn e r t o u s e h i s
o wn in g e nuity in fin din g a m e a n s fo r f a s t en in g

t h e w o r k t o b e b o r e d t o t h e l a th e c a r ri a g e It .

mu s t b e b o lt e d do wn v e ry c a r e fully a n d s ecur ely

s o th a t it will n o t m o v e un d e r t h e st ra in o f cuttin g .

FI G . 1 12 — Ho w k
wo r t o be b o re d o ut is m o un t ed on t h e lat h e
c a rria ge .

A g o o d ex ampl e o f s u ch m o un ting i s illu st r a t e d in

Fig 1 1 3 H e r e a sm a ll c a r r i a g e b o lt w a s u s e d,
. .

a n d it m a y b e w e ll t o me n ti o n h e r e th a t t h e w o rk e r

s h o uld h av e o n h a n d s ev e r a l d o z en c a rr i a g e b o lt s

o f diffe r en t siz e s a n d l e n gth s T h ey c a n b e u s e d

.

i n a mu l t itu d e o f c a s e s .

Th e u s e o f t h e f a c e pl a t e will n o w b e c o n sid e r e d
-
.

A typic a l l a th e f a c e pl a t e i s s ke tch e d in Fig 1 1 4 . .

T hi s i s s c r ew e d o n t o t h e l a th e n o s e 1 n pl a c e o f
 A dva nc ed L a t he W ork 1 37

the chuck pl a cing t h e f a c e pl a t e o n t h e l a th e

In
“

-
.

n o se t h e th r e a d s o n t h e n
,
; o s e s h o uld b e in s p e ct e d

t o see th a t th e r e i s n o di r t o n th em s in c e thi s w o uld

FI G . 1 1 3 — Ho w
. c a rria ge b o lt s a re u s e d in m o unt ing wo rk .

FI G .
- T h e la t h e fa c e -
pl at e .

int e r fe r e with t h e p r o p e r s e tt ing o f t h e pl a t e .

A s a mpl e o f f a c e pl a t e tu rn ing will b e s e en b y

r e f e r r i n g t o t h e d r a win g Fig 1 1 5 In s u ch a c a s e
. . .

a r a th e r l a r g e p ull ey i s t o b e f a c e d o ff It w o uld be .

r a th e r in c o nv e n i en t t o m oun t s u ch a p ul ley o n a
1 38 L a t he W o rk for B egi nners

m a n d r el a nd the r ef o r e t h e f a c e pl a t e i s r e s o r t e d -

to . It i s h eld t o t h e fa c e pl a t e wi t h c a r r i a g e b o lt s
-

a n d sm a ll cl a mps which t h e m e ch a n ic c a n e a s ily

FI G . 11 5— A p ulley mo un t e d o n t h e lat h e fa c e p lat e

.
-
.

FI G . 1 16 — How a c y lin d e r t o be b o re d is m o un t e d o n t h e fa c e -
pl
at e .

m a ke C a r e mu s t b e t a ke nt o mo un t t h e pull ey
.

c o n c ent r ic with t h e f a c e pl a t e O th e rwi s e it will

-
.

n o t b e p o s s ibl e t o tight e n it a cc u r a t e ly W h en .

o n e s id e o f t h e p ull e y i s f a c e d o ff i t c a n b e t u r n e d ,

a r o un d a n d t h e o th e r sid e f a c e d
‘
.
14 0 L a t he Work fo r B egi nners

me an s i gl e b o lt It will b e s e en th a t a s fa r
of a s n .

a s t h e l a th e i s c o n c e r n e d thi s e cc e n t r ic is b e in g

turn e d o n i t s t ru e c en t e r T h e sh a ft up o n .

FI G . 1 18 — An e c c e n t ric m o un t e d o n a fa c e -
pl
at e .

it v o lv e s h o wev e r o n t h e engin e o r o the r d evic e

re , ,

o n which it i s t o b e u s e d is e cc en t r ic ,
.

W hil e o n t h e subj e ct of e cc en t ric tur ning it

FI G . 1 19 — An
. e c c e n t ric m a n d re l .

ma y b e w ell t o m enti o n a n o the r m eth o d which is

e qu a lly s u cc e s s ful A sm a ll m a n d rel which i s
.

turn e d d o wn e cc en t r ic a lly a t o n e end is u s e d (s e e

Fig . O f c o ur s e it is much m o re t r oubl e s om e
t o d o t u r n i n g i n th i s w a y I n pr ep a r l ng t h e e c c en
.
 A dva nc ed L a t he Wo rk 14 1

t ric m an dr el fo r this kin d o f turning it is o nly

n e c e ss a r y t o t u rn it d o wn o ff c ent e r o n t h e l a th e .

T hu s t h e pi e c e is m o un t e d o ff its t ru e c ent er Th e .

di s t an c e will d ep en d e nti r ely up on t h e e cc ent ricity

o f t h e pi e c e th a t is t o b e turn e d up o n t h e m a n d r el .

In c o mbin a ti o n with wh a t i s kn o wn a s a n a ngl e

pl a t e a multitu d e o f diffe r ent j o bs c an b e d o n e
,

o n t h e f a c e pl a t e A n a ngl e pl a t e is j u s t wh a t its
.
-

FI G . 1 20 — Fa c mg
. o ff a s p lit b e a rin g wit h a n a n gle -
pl
at e .

na m e impli e s ; a pi e c e o f i r o n with f a c e s a t r ight

a n gl e s t o e a ch o th e r A n a ngl e pl a t e i s m o unt e d
.
-

o n t h e f a c e pl a t e b y m e a n s o f b o lts a s will b e s e en
'

in F ig 1 20 T h e w o rk i n tur n is m o unt e d o n t o p
. .

o f t h e a n gl e pl a t e Thi s is a ls o d o n e by m e a n s o f
-
.

b o lts In t h e c a s e wh e re a s m a ll s plit b e a ri ng i s
.

t o b e f a c e d o ff t h e b ea r in g mu st b e m o un t e d s o
,

th a t t h e h o l e in it will b e in lin e with t h e h o l e in

t h e c en t e r o f t h e f a c e pl a t e It w o uld b e d a n ger
-
.
142 L a t he Work fo r B egi nners

ous to driv e t h e f a c e pl a t e by p o w er o r o th er
-

m e th o d if s o m e m ea n s w a s n o t p r o vi de d c o un t e r
w eight i t W ith a ll t h e w e ight o n o n e s id e c au s e d
.

by t h e a n gl e pl a t e a gr ea t vib r a ti on w o uld b e s e t
-

FI G . 1 2 1 — An
. ad j ust able c ount er weigh t
-
.

FI G . 1 22 — An el
. b ow m o un t e d o n a n a ngle -
p lat e .

up a n d a g re a t s t r a i n Imp o s e d u p o n t h e l ath e .

If n o thing m o r e s e ri o u s h a pp en e d, it w o uld b e
imp o s s ibl e t o d o g o o d turnin g with t h e l a the ;

vib r a ting T o o v e r c o m e thi s diffi culty a c o un t e r

.

w eigh t i s m o un t e d o n t h e o pp o s it e s id e o f t h e f a c e
144 L a t he Work fo r B egi nners

w o o d en di s c s h o uld b e a t l e a st 1 in ch thick s o th a t
'

t h e w o o d s c r ew s which h o ld t h e m e t a l t o i t s s u r
f a c e c a n b e l o n g e n o ugh If t o o s h o r t s c r e w s w e r e
.

u s ed t h e me t a l sh e e t w o u ld b e a pt t o fly l o o s e fr o m
t h e di s c a n d I nj u r e t h e o p e r a t o r C a r e s h o uld b e .

t a k en t o s e e th a t t h e s h e e t m e t a l i s m o unt e d a s
n e a r t h e c e n t e r a s p o s sibl e A r ight h a n d f a cin g
.

FI G . 1 24
.
— Sh o wing t h e us e of a large re a mer .

t o ol c an be use d t o cut s h e e t m e t a l h eld 1 11 thi s

wa y .

W h en i g a l a rg e r e am e r it i s h eld in t h e
us n ,

s a m e w a y s h o wn i n Fig 1 24 A r e am e r s h o uld
. .

n ev e r b e m o un t e d in t h e chu ck b ut s h o uld a lw a y s
-

b e u s e d i n t h e w ay expl a in e d T h e r ea m e r sh o uld
.

b e f r e e t o f o ll o w t h e h o l e b eing r e a m e d T his .

p1
r e v en t s it f r o m b e i n g h e ld s e c u r e ly A c u t o v e r .

1 /6 4 th o f a n in ch s h o uld n ev e r b e t a k en with a
 Adva n c ed L a t he Work 145

rea m er It will b e un d er st o o d th a t r e am e r s a r e
.
,

u s e d o nly in c a s e s wh e r e a p e r f e ct fit i s d e s i r ed

s u ch a s fo r t h e b ea r ing s A d rill l /6 4 t h o f a n inch

.

un d e r t h e siz e o f t h e r e ame r sh o uld b e u s e d t o d r

ill
t h e h ole .
 C HA PT E R VI II
S C REW C U T TING

Use of Hand C h a s er s— I n s i de an d O ut s ide —

C h aser s Us e of

S c r ew C ut t in g L a t h e— C h a nge G ear s— Th r ea d C ut t ing

T o o ls— I ns ide T o o l— O ut s i de To o l— Us e of Lubric ant s .

S C RE W cu tting is m o st imp o r t an t a n d
one o f the
u s e ful p r o c e s s e s c a r r i e d o u t o n t h e l a th e It dif
'

f e r s g r e a tly fro m o r din a ry l a th e w o r k a n d t h e

b e ginn e r will fin d th a t it r e qui r e s c o n s id e r a bl e
e xp e r i e n c e t o p r o du c e a cc ur a t e th r ea d s .

FI G . 1 25 — A
, c h a ser use d in c ut t in g t h re a d s b y h a n d .

S c r ew cuttin g c a n b e d o ne o n a s impl e l a th e
with o ut a l e a d s cr e w o r o th e r s c r ew cu ttin g a t t a ch
m en t s It i s th en a cc o mpli s h e d by t h e a i d o f wh a t
.

i s kn o wn a s a h a nd ch a s e r A h a n d ch a s er i s
.

s k e tch e d in Fig 1 25 T h r ea d cu ttin g ch a s e r s a r e

. .

m a d e o f t o o l st eel p r o p e rly h a r d en e d a n d t em
p er e d T h e cuttin g t e eth in t h e e n d o f t h e ch a s e r
.

c o r r e s p o n d with t h e th r e a d t o b e c ut If a No 32 . .

thr e a d i s t o b e c ut t h e t e e th In t h e en d o f t h e
146
14 8 L a t he W o rk for B egi nn ers

to Fig 1 27 T h e w o rk t o b e thr e a d e d i s m ount e d

. .

b e twe en c en t er s in t h e u s u a l w a y c a r e b ein g taken ,

t o s e e th at a b s o lu t e ly n o pl ay i s a ll o w e d B ef o r e .

t h e th r e a d s a r e c u t t h e w o r k is s et i n m o ti o n a n d

a fi l e i s b r o u ght i nc o n t a ct wi th t h e e dg e which i s

r o un d e d o ff T hi s i s a b s o lu t ely e s s en ti a l i n c ut
.

tin g thr e a d s by t h i s m eth o d H a ving r o un d e d o ff .

t h e w o rk t h e t e e r e s t i s b r o u ght t o a b o u t t h e c en
,
a

FI G .
“

128 — T h e
. p p p
ro er o s it io n o f a h a nd c h aser in c ut t in g t h rea ds .

t er of w ork T h e ch a s er i s s lightly tilt e d s o a s

the .

t o b ri n g t h e cuttin g t e e th in th e p o s iti o n s h o wn In
Fig 1 28 T h e w o rk e r mus t n o t thin k th a t a ll th a t
. .

i s n e c e s s a r y i s t o p r e s s t h e t eet h a g a in st t h e w o r k .

T hi s w o uld d o n o thin g m o r e th a n c u t a s e r i e s o f
g r o o v e s A t t h e tim e t h e ch a s er i s b r o ught in
.

c o nt a ct with t h e w o rk it mu s t b e s lid t o w a r d t h e
,

le ft h a n d a l o ng t h e Wo rk a t a d efin it e sp e e d which
will d e p e n d u p o n t h e pitch o f t h e s c r ew t o b e c ut
a n d a l s o up o n t h e s p ee d a t which t h e w o r k i s
 S c rew C ut t i n g 49

re v o lvin g T hi s i s n o t e x a c t ly a n e as y j o b a s t h e
.

b e gi nn e r will s o o n fin d o u t It i s un d e r s t o o d t h a t
.

t h e s p e e d a t wh ich t h e t o o l i s s lid a l o n g t h e w o rk
d o e s n o t h a v e t o b e a b s o lu t e ly c or r e ct s in c e it
w o uld b e quit e imp o s s ibl e t o a ch i ev e t h i s a ccu r a cy
“

by h a n d Ho w ev e r it mus t b e s o n e a rly c o rr e ct
.
,

t h a t t h e m a l e a n d f em a l e t h r e a d s will fi t .Th e
t h r e a d ch a s e r s h o uld r e a lly b e m o v e d a di s t a n c e
o f o n e t o o t h fo r e a ch r e v o lu ti o n o f t h e w o r k Th e
.

o p e r a t o r mus t t a k e c a r e t o s e e th a t t h e m o t i o n 1 s

n o t j e r ky b u t i s a s u n if o r m a s p o s s ibl e T hi s i s
.

a l s o t r u e r e g a r di n g t h e s p e e d o f t h e l a t h e .Th e
fi r s t c u t t a ken s h o uld b e v e ry light a n d t h e s a m e
_

c a r e t a k e n wit h it sh o uld b e ex e r ci s e d wi t h t h e
fi r s t few cu t s f o ll o win g un til a f a i rly d e ep t h re a d
i s ou t A ft e r th i s i s d o n e i t will b e e a s i e r t o fo l
’

l o w t h e th r e a d with o u t d a n g e r o f s p o ilin g it Th e
.

cu ttin g s h o u ld b e c o n tinu e d un til a well s h a p e d

V g r o o v e re s ult s
-
.

It will b e s e e n t h a t th e r e a r e n o limi t a t i o n s t o t h e
“

di a m e t er o f t h e w o r k th a t c a n b e t h r e a d e d with a
h a n d ch a s e r T h e s iz e o f t h e w o rk in no w a y
.

ch a ng e s t h e p r o c e du r e H o w ev e r wh en cutting
.
,

w r o ugh t i r o n o r s t e e l pl en t y o f lub r ic a tin g o il or

s o a py w a t e r s h o uld b e a ppli e d If a g o o d t h r e a d
.

i s n o t s t a r t e d a t t h e fi r s t c u t it i s p o s s ibl e by
,

s kilfu l m a n ipu l a t i o n o f th e ch a s e r t o c o r r e ct i t .
150 L a t he W ork fo r Begi n ners

In t e r n a l t hr e a d s a r e c u t in t h e s am e w a y with
t h e t o o l illu s t r a t e d in Fig 1 29 W h en cuttin g
. .

in t e rn a l t h r e a d s i t i s well t o r em emb e r th a t t h e
,

int e r n a l di a m e t e r o f t h e wo r k sh o uld b e e quiva l e n t

t o t h e di a m e t e r at t h e b o tt o m o f t h e th r e a d o f t h e
s c r e w o n wh ich it i s t o b e fitt e d .

T h r e a d s m a y b e p r o du ce d o n a s c r e w cuttin g -

l a t h e mo r e e a s ily t h a n th ey c a n b e c ut wi t h h a n d
ch a s e r s un l es s t h e o p e r a t o r i s p a r ticul a r ly s kil

FI G . 1 29 .
-
T h e us e o f an in t e rn a l c h as e r .

ful i n t h e us e o f t h i s t o ol b een s a id b e f o r e
. It h as
t h a t if t h e cu t t i n g t o o l in t h e t o o l p o s t c a n b e

c a u s e d t o t r a v el a t a s p e e d wh ich h a s a d efin it e
r e l a ti o n s h ip t o t h e w o r k r e v o lvi n g b e tw e e n t h e

c e n t e r s o f t h e l a th e t h r e a ds o f a d e fin it e pitch
, ,
,

c a n b ec ut ,
a n d th a t by ch a n gi n g t h e s p e e d v a l u e s

o f t h e m o vi n g m e mb e rs i t will b e p o s s ibl e t o c u t

t h re a d s o f p r a ctic a lly a n y pi t ch T h e d e fin it e.

r e l a t i o n s h ip i n s p e e d b e tw
”

e e n t h e s pi n dl e o f t h e

l a t h e a n d t h e l e a d s c r e w i s b r o u g h t a b o u t t h r o ugh
15 2 L a t he Work fo r B egi nn ers

c an be m a de t o me s h with t h e t w o g e a r s p r evi o u s ly
m en ti o n e d r eg a r dl e s s o f t h ei r di am e t e r T hi s will .

b e s e e n by r e f e r r in g t o Fig 1 30 D iffe r en t l a th e
. .

m a nu f a ct u r e r s e mpl o y diffe r en t m e a n s fo r b r in g
in g a ll t h e g e a r s i n t o m e s h T h e idlin g g e a r is
.

a lw a y s m a d e a dj u s t a bl e I n s o m e m a nn e r s o th a t

thi s c a n b e d on e .

T h e idl e r d o e s n o t n e e d t o b e a r d efin it e

L ’
e no Sc r e W

FI G . 1 30 — A ge a r t ra in On
. a s c rew c u t
-
t in g la t h e .

ra ti o t o the g e a r s s in c e i t i s m e r e ly u s e d t o
o t h er

t r a n s mi t m o t i o n b e t w e en t h e t w o H o w ev e r t h e .
,

g e a r o n t h e liv e s pin dl e a n d t h e g e a r o n t h e le a d .

s c r e w m u s t h a v e a d e fin i t e r a t i o wh ich will d e p en d

e n ti r ely u p o n t h e s c r ew b e i n g c u t A ll s c r e w c u t
.
-

ting l a t h e s a r e p r o vid e d wit h a lit t l e in d ex pl a t e

s imil a r t o th a t s h o wn i n Fig 1 31 Thi s pl a t e wil l
. . .

s h o w t h e o p e r a t o r t h e p r o p e r g e a r s t o u s e wi t h
 S c re w C u tt i ng 53

o ut the ne es s c
i t y o f m a kin g t h e c a lcul a ti o n m a t h e
m a t i c a lly T h e th r e a d in dic a t e s t h e pit ch T hu s
. .

if a th r e a d wit h a pitch o f 3 2 w a s t o b e c ut 32
“

w o uld fi r s t b e f o un d in t h e th r e a d c o lumn t o
e x t r e m e l e ft Un d e r t h e c o lumn h e a d e d spin dl e “ ”
'

a n d o pp o s i t e t o 32 1 6 will b e f o un d
,
T hi s m e a n s .

th a t a g e a r wi t h 1 6 t e e th mu s t b e pl a c e d up o n t h e
liv e s pin dl e o f t h e m a chin e T h e figu r e o pp o s it e
.

16 un d er t h e c o lumn h e a d e d S c r ew i s 6 4 and
“ ”

this m e a n s th a t a g e a r wit h 6 4 t e eth mu s t b e pl a c e d

up o n t h e l e a d s c r e w t o o bt a i n a s c r e w wi t h 32

thr e a d s t o t h e i n ch .

E M PI R E LAT HE C O .

New Yo rk

T h rea d p
S in dle S c rew T h rea d Sc r ew

FI G .
~

131 — A la t
. he inde x p la t e .
154 L a t he W ork fo r B egi nn

H a vin g c o n s id e r e d t h e g e a r ing , tt e n ti o n will a

n o w b e div e r t e d t o t h e th r ea d cu t t in g t o o l It i s -
.

v e ry imp o r t a n t th a t t h e thr e a d cuttin g t o o l b e -

p r o p e r ly g r o un d a n d s e t in t h e c o r r e ct p o siti o n
in t h e t o o l p o s t T h e th r e a d c u t t i ng t o o l mu s t b e
.
-

FI G . 1 32 — . Ho w a t h re a d t o o l is gro un d
-
.

g r o un d at x a ctly 6 0 d eg r e e s Which c o r r e sp o n d s
e

t o t h e Un it e d S t a t e s S t a n d a r d th r e a d Th e sha p e .

o f a th r ea d cuttin g t o o l i s s k e tch e d i n Fi g
-
1 32 . .

S u ch a t o o l i s b e st g r o un d by t h e a i d o f a littl e
p o cke t ga uge which will b e s een by r ef e r rin g t o

FI G . 1 33 — A t h re a d t o o l gau ge
.
-
.

F i g 1 33 Th e th i s g a ug e i s a l s o sh o w n in
us e of
'

. .

t h e il lu s t r a ti o n Th e th r e a d cuttin g t o o l mu s t b e
.
-

m o unt e d in t h e t o o l p o s t s o th a t i t s upp er e dg e
co m e s e xa ctly t o t h e c en t e r o f t h e s to ck b ein g
t hr e a de d . Th e m e ch a n i c mu s t a l s o s e e th a t t h e
cut t in g t o o l i s ex a ctly a t r igh t a n gl e s t o t h e w o r k .
 L a t he Wo rk fo r B egi n n ers

p r evi o u s on e T hi s O p e r a ti o n i s c o ntinu e d until

.

t h e th r e a d i s c o mpl e t e d W h en cuttin g b r a s s i t
.

will n o t b e n e c e s s a ry t o u s e a ny lub r ic a nt Ho w .

e v e r wh en mild s t ee l i s b e in g th r e a d e d pl en ty o f
, ,

l a r d o il s h o uld b e a ppli e d C a s t i r o n like b r a s s

.
-

, ,

c a n b e t h r e a d e d d ry

T h e w o r km a n will un d e r s t a n d t h a t h e c a n
r e du c e t h e s p e e d o f h i s l a t h e b y s hift

in g t h e b elt t o a sm a ll e r pu ll ey with
o u t a ffe ctin g t h e pitch o f t h e th r ea d

b e in g c ut a s l o n g as t h e p r o p e r r a ti o
,

b e t w e en t h e liv e s pin dl e a n d t h e l e a d
sc r e w i s o b t a in e d .

In t e r n a l th r e a d s c a n b e c ut o n a
l a t h e by u sI n g a b en t th r e a d t o o l a s
F IGr - 1 35 in Fig 1 35 . T h e b en t
.

int lth d
ern a re a
thr e a d t o o l i s gr o un d t h e s a m e w a y a s
c u t t mg t l
oo .

t h e o r din a r y th r e a d t o o l fo r ex t e rn a l
w o rk L ike t h e e xt e rn a l t o o l it i s n e c e s s a r y t o s o
‘

. ,

mo unt t h e in t e r n a l t o o l in t h e t o o l p o s t tha t it s
cuttin g e dg e wi ll c o me in c o nt a ct wit h t h e w o r k
a t t h e c e n t e r O th .e r wi s e a n i n a cc u r a t e t h r e a d
will b e pr o du c e d -
.
 C HA PT E R IX
W O OD T URNING
.

W oo d Turning L a t h e— S p eeds — M o u nt in g W ork— —

Too ls Us e
of Va rio us T o o l s— S h a r p en in g To o ls— Fini s h ing Surfa c es
C h o i c e o f W o o ds
'

T HE th o r w o uld co n s ide r this b oo k inc o mpl et e

au

if h e did n o t dev o t e a ch a pt e r t o t h e w o rk o f w o o d .

turning which i s o n e o f t h e m o s t u s e ful p r o c es s e s

,

th a t c o m e s within t h e sc op e o f t h e l a th e T hi s .

C h a pt e r a lth o ugh it will s e t f o r th t h e fun d a

,

ment a l s o f Wo o d tu rn in g will by n o m e a n s b e ,

a b s o lu t e ly c o mpl e t e fo r w o o d t u rni n g h a s m a n y
,

r a mific a ti o n s a n d c o n s id er a bl e ex p e r i en c e i s n ec e s

s a r y i n o r d e r t o b e c o m e t h er o u g ly p r o fici ent
'

Th e .

b e s t t h e a u th o r c a n h o p e t o d o h e r e i s t o o utlin e
t h e e s s en ti a l s .

W o o d tu rning c an b e a cc o mpli s h e d in t h e o r di
n a r y m e t a l tu rn in g l a th e wh e n it i s r ev o lv e d a t
“

high s p e e d : H o w ev e r it i s b e s t d o n e o n a l a t he
,
“

sp e ci a lly d e s ign e d fo r thi s purp o s e A v e r y g o o d .

typ e o f w o o d tur n in g l a t h e i s illu st r a t e d i n Fig .

1 36 . Thi s emb o di e s c e r t a in f ea tu r e s which m a ke

it m o st a d a pt a bl e f o r w o r k o f thi s kin d .
158 La t he W o rk fo r B egi n n er s

Th e s p e e d o f a w o o d tu rn in g l a th e s h ould b e
a dj u s t a bl e b e t w e e n th e limi t s o f 1 500 a n d 3000

r ev o l u ti o n s p e r min u t e W ith s p e e d s b e twe en

.

t h e s e v a lu e s it i s p o s s ibl e t o turn s t o ck up t o

FI G . 1 36 — A go o d w o o
. dt urn in g lat h e
-
.

3 in ch e s in di a m et e r It mu s t b e r em emb e r e d th a t
.

pi e c e s b ey o n d t hi s di a m e t e r c ann o t b e r ev o lv e d
s a f e ly a t s u ch h igh s p e e d s s in c e t h e c e n t r ifu g a l

f o r c e will b e c o n s id e r a bl e a n d a ny i r r eg ul a r i t y in
.
16 0 L a t he Wo r k for B egi nn ers

is c en t e r e d i t s h o uld b e br o ught a s n e a r a b al an c e
,

a s p o s s ibl e . If it i s b a dly o ut o f b a l a n c e t h e l a t h e ,

s h o u ld b e r un s l o wly un til t h e cut tin g t o o l r o u n d s

it o ff suffici en tly t o b r ing it t o a b al a n c e T h e .

s p e e d c a n th e n b e s a f ely i n c r e a s e d T h e w r it e r
‘

w arn s b e gin n e r s t o h ee d t h e a b o v e di r e cti o n s fo r ,

s e ri o u s in j u r y m a y r e s u lt wh en a pi e c e o f w o o d

l e a v e s t h e l a t h e whil e it i s r ev o lvin g a t high s p e e d .

In c e n t e r in g a pi e c e o f w o o d t h e b a ck c en t er i s
a lw a ys w e ll o il e d j u st a s i n m e t al t u rni n g If this .

FI G ; 1 38 —4 A
. s c re w c e n t e r us e d in wo o d t urn in g
-
.

is no t do n e c ent er will b e c o m e r e d h o t thr o ugh

the
f ricti o n an d c a u s e t h e wo o d t o c a t ch fi r e T hi s i s .

n o t o nly lik ely t o c a u s e t h e w o o d t o fly o ff t h e

c ent e r s wh en t h e h o l e be c om e s bu rn e d but it will ,

a l s o d e p r i v e t h e c e n t e r o f i t s h a r dn e s s .

A s lid e r e s t i s n o t u s e d in w o o d tu r nin g
-
Th e .

t e e r e s t 1 s a ll th a t 1 s n e c e s s a ry a n d t h e c u ttin g t o o l
-

i s r e s t e d up o n thi s a n d m a n ip ul a t e d with b o t h
h a n d s a s illu st r a t e d in Fig 1 39 . .

It is n ec e s s a ry t o pl a c e t h e t e e r e s t a b o ut -

in ch f r o m t h e w o o d t o b e t urn e d T h e t e e r e st .
-
 W o o d Turni n g

mus t i
be dj u s t ed a s t h e tu rn in g p r o c e e d s a n d
rea

th e s t o c k i s re du c e d in di a m e t er In r e a dj u s t in g
.

t h e t e e r e s t it i s a lw a y s b e s t t o s t o p t h e l a th e
-

s in c e t h e s t o ck i s a pt t o b e c a u gh t a n d p ull e d f r o m

t h e m a chin e i f thi s i s n o t d o n e B e f o r e s e t t in g
.

t h e l a t h e in m o t i o n t h e w o r km a n s h o uld s e e th a t

FI G . 1 39
.
— Th e m a ni pulat i
on of a wo o d t urn in g t o o l
-
.

th e t a il s t o ck i s firmly cl a mp e d in po s iti o n a nd
th a t t h e bin din g s cr ew which l o ck s t h e t a il s t o ck
i s fi r mly cl a mp e d in p o s iti o n a n d th a t t h e bin d
"

in g s c r e w whi ch l o cks t h e t a il s t o ck s pin dl e i s

,

s cre w e d d o wn tight .

Th e t o o l s s h o u ld b e h e ld fi r mly b u t o n t h e o th,
e r
,

ha n d th ey s h o uld n o t b e g rippe d ri g I dly T h e

,
.

right h a n d mu s t g r a s p t h e h a n dl e a t t h e e x t r em e
162 L a t he W o r k fo r B egi n n ers

end in d e r t o p r o du c e a s mu ch l ev e r a g e a s po s
or

s ibl e which will p r e v e n t t h e t o o l f r o m b e i n g d r a wn

,

f r o m t h e h a n d s s h o uld it c a tch in t h e w o r k T h e .

l e ft h a n d o f t h e o pe ra t o r mus t b e h e ld s o m e wh e r e
n e a r t h e e n d o f t h e t o o l s o th at it c a n a c t a s a

gu id e t o c o n t r o l t h e m o v e m e n t o f t h e cut t in g e dg e .

T h e o p e r a t o r mu s t s t a n d firmly o n t h e fl o o r j u s t
fa r e n o u gh f r o m t h e l a th et o a ll o w t h e p a s s in g o f
t h e t o o l f r o m r ight t o l e ft with o u t ch a n gin g po s i
ti o n T h e cuttin g m o v em en t o f t h e t o o l s h o uld b e
.

b r o ught a b o ut by t h e a rm s o n ly a n d in n o c a s e
s h o ul d it b e a cc omp a n i e d by a s win gin g o f t h e

b o dy .

B e f o r e g o in g fu r t h e r i t will b e n e c e s s a ry t o c o n
s id e r t h e c utti n g t o o l s u s e d i n t h e p ro c es s o f w o o d
-

tu r n in g A c o mpl e t e s e t o f cu ttin g t o o l s i s s h o wn
.

in Fig It will b e n o t i c e d th a t th e r e a r e e ight

‘
‘
.

diff e r e n t kin d s o f t o o l s u s e d in o r din a ry w o rk .

T h e s e a r e t h e s ke w r o u n d p o in t s qu a r e p o in t
, , ,

r igh t s k e w l e ft s ke w p a r t ing t o o l s p e a r p o int

, , ,

a n d g o ug e E a ch t o o l mu s t b e u s e d i n t h e p r o p e r
'

pl a c e if g o o d r e sult s a r e t o b e h ad T h e writ e r
“

kn o w s o f m a ny m ech a n ic s wh o p r e f e r t o u s e o n e
typ e o f t o o l o n ly T hi s I s w r o ng an d t h e b e gin
.
,

n e r sh o uld h a bitu a t e him s elf t o t h e u s e Of t h e

diffe r ent t o o l s in pl a c e o f b e c o min g a ccu s t o me d

on ly t o o n e .
 L a t he W ork for B egi nners

a di am e t e r o f a b o u t 5 in ch e s s o th a t it will l ea v e
t h e b ev e l h o ll o w g r o und t o a s light d e g r e e . W h en
g r i n d i n g
'

t h e ch i s e l c,
a r e s h o
‘

u ld b e t a k e n t o k ee p
it c o o l s o a s n o t t o de s t r o y i t s h a rdn e s s T h e .

imp e r f e ct e dge l e f t by t h e g rin din g wh e el mu s t b e

t a k e n o ff with a s lip s t o n e in t h e u s u a l w a y /
. Th e
t o o l i s r ubb e d fir s t o n o n e s id e a n d th en o n t h e
o pp o s it e s id e . T h e o p e r a t o r c a n t e s t t h e chi s el by
r u n n in g h i s t h u mb c a r e fu lly a l o n g i t s e dg e . If a ny
imp e r f e cti o n s a r e p r es ent t he s en s it iv e s kin o f
,

t h e th umb will d e t e c t t h em .

T h e g o u g e mus t b e b ev e l e d o n t h e o u t s id e a n d
i s g r o un d i n s u ch a w a y t h a t t h e n o s e i s a lm o st
s e mi ci r cu l a r i n s h a p e
-
Th e b ev e l mu s t e xt e n d
.

w e ll a r o un d t h e en d s T hi s i s d o n e t o av o id
.

a b r u pt c o r n e r s . In m a kin g s h e a r i n g cut s the

,

r o un d n o s e o f t he g o u g e m a ke s it p o s s ibl e fo r t h e

t o o l t o be r o ll e d t o t h e s id e in o r d e r t o p r ev e n t
s c r a pin g t h e w o o d . T h e s h a rp en in g o f g o u g e i s
difficult w o rk fo r a b e ginn e r A go ug e which h a s
.

a s qu a r e n o s e m a y b e b ev e l e d b y t u r ni n g it h a lf

w a y a r o un d a n d b a ck a g a in T h e s h a r p en in g o f
.

t h e g o ug e i s fin i s h e d with a s lip s t o n e in t h e u s u a l
m a nn e r .

Par tin g t o o l s fo r w o o d t ur nin g a r e sh a r p e n e d

o n e a ch s 1 d e . T h e s e t o o l s di ffe r f r o m o r din a r y
ch i s el s in t h a t t h ey a r e a b o ut 34 in ch t h ick a n d
 W oo d Turni ng 65
'

in c h wid e . b ev els s h o uld m e e t a t t h e c e n

Th e
t e r a n d sh o uld h a v e a n a n gl e o f a b o u t 50 d e g r ee s .

S c r a pin g t o o l s a r e mu ch u s e d T h e s qu a r e n o s e
.
,

t h e r o un d n o s e sp e a r p o in t r ight s kew a n d l e ft
, ,

s k e w h a v e b e c o m e k no wn a s s c r a pin g t o o l s a n d

t h e y a r e u s e d l a r g ely i n pa tt er n m a kin g a n d w o r k
o n t h e f a c e pl a t e
-
Su ch t o o l s a r e s h a r p en e d o n
.

o n e e dg e an d t h e b ev e l m u st b e a b o u t twic e t h e

thi ckn e s s o f t h e chis el a t t h e p o in t whe r e i t is

sha r p en e d . E a ch t o o l mu st b e s ligh t ly h o ll o w
g r o un d t o fa cilit a t e whe ttin g S in c e t h e e dge s o f
.

th es e t o o l s c o me in c o nt a ct with t h e w o r k a t r ight
a n gl e s th ey b e c o m e dull a ft e r a littl e u s e .

R o u ghin g cu t s i n w o o d tu rn in g a r e a lw a y s
a cc o mpli s h e d With a l a r g e g o ug e T h e g o ug e is
.

p r o p e r ly h el d s o th a t t h e h a ndle is a littl e l o wer

‘

th a n t h e t e e r e s t t h e r e by p r o du cin g a s light a n gl e
-
.

T h e e dg e o f t h e g o ug e is r o ll e d s lightly t o t h e
r ight s o a s t o m a k e it p r o du c e a s h ea r in g o ut in

st ea d o f a s cr a pin g o n e W h en t h e t o o l i s m a ni
.

p u l a t e d i n this w a y it a ls o th row s chips f r o m t h e

o p er a t o r . T h e h an dl e is lift e d s lightly which

fo r c e s t h e cu ttin g e dg e d e e p i nt o t h e w o o d s o th a t
n e a r ly a ll o f t h e c o r n e r s a r e rem o v e d a t t h e fi r st

c ut. E a ch c ut sh o uld b e a b o ut in ch in l en gth ,

w o r kin g b a ck t o w a r d t h e liv e s pin dl e un til t h e

e n ti r e l e n g th o f t h e w o r k i s g o n e o v e r T hi s pa r
.
 L a t he W or k for B egi n n ers

t i c ula r p r o c e du r e i s f o ll o we d o ut i n o r d e r t o pr e
ve n t s liv e r s f r o m b e in g t o r n f r o m t h e s t o c k T h e
x .

s m a ll g o u g e i s u s e d fo r sc r a pin g a n d fo r t a ki n g

s m a ll e r c u t s t h a n c a n b e t a k e n wi t h t h e l a r g e

g o u g e.

Th e s k e w ch i s e l mu s t b e h a n dl e d wi t h c a r e fo r -

i t i s t h e o n e t o o l th a t i s m o s t a pt t o di g I n t o t h e
w o r k a n d p ull it s elf f r o m t h e o p e r a t o r s h a n d It
’
.

i s l a id o n t h e r e s t a t a n an gl e o f a b o ut 6 0 d e g r e e s
“

i n r el a t i o n t o t h e s u r fa c e . T h e chi s el i s d r a wn
b a ck s l o wly a n d a t t h e s a m e tim e t h e h a n dl e i s
ra i s e d u n t il t h e chi s el s t a r t s t o cu t In u s in g t h e
.

s k e w t h e o p e r a t o r s h o u ld n e v e r s t a r t a t t h e e n d
,

S i n c e t h e re i s d a n g e r th a t t h e ch i s e l will c a tch a n d
.

s pli t t h e w o o d. I t will b e f o un d th a t v e r y s m o o t h
t urn in g c a n b e a cc o mpli s h e d by t h e a i d o f t h e s k e w
a n d a ll t h e imp e r f e cti o n s th a t w e r e l e f t by t h e
“

g o ug e c an b e r e m o v e d T h e p a r tin g t o o l i s u s e d
.

t o c ut w o o d in t w o pi e c e s . It i s fe d i n wi t h a
s li ght ly r o ckin g m o ti o n un til a b o u t h a lf a n in c h
o f w o o d i s l e ft . T h e cu t t in g sh o uld n o t b e c o n
t in u e d un t il t h e w o o d i s co mpl e t e ly s ev e r e d a s thi s
w o uld c a u s e it t o fly f r o m t h e l a t h e W h en t h e
.

t o o l h a s p r o c e e de d a s fa r a s it c a n s a f e ly g o t h e ,

l a the i s s t o pp e d a n d t h e fin a l c ut i s t a ke n with
a s a w o r t h e l a t h e c a n b e r e du c e d i n sp e e d a n d

t h e fin a l c u t d o n e in t h i s w a y .
168 L a t he Wor k fo r B egi n ners

In t h e f o r erunnin g p a r a g r a ph s o n ly turnin g
b e t w e e n t h e c en t e r s o f t h e l a th e w a s c o n s i de r e d i .

A t this po m t it will b e w ell t o t a ke up t h e u s e o f

t h e f a c e pl a t e in t u rn in g o p e r a ti o n s th a t c a n n o t
-

b e a cc o mpli s h e d in t h e m a nn e r h e r e t o f o r e d e
s c r ib e d .

Th e e quipm en t o f t h e w o o d t ur n in g l a t h e will
in clu de a fa c e pl a t e s u ch a s th a t s h o wn in Fig
-
.

141 . Th e f a c e p la t e i s s m a ll a n d in i t s c ent e r
-

FI G . 14 1 — . p
Fa c e— la t e fo r wo o d t urning
-
.

th e re pl a c e d a s in gl e s c re w T o u s e thi s pl a t e
.

t h e c en t e r o f t h e s t o ck t o b e turne d mu s t fir s t b e
-
.

f o un d T h e c en t er i s then m a r ke d an d t h e m a rk
.

i s b r o u ght in c on t a ct with t h e s c re w By a pplyin g .

s o m e p r e s s u r e a n d a t t h e s a m e tim e t ur n in g t h e

pi e c e it may b e s c r ew e d o n t h e f a c e pl a t e In -
.

d o in g this t h e o p e r a t or mu s t t a k e c a r e t o s e e th a t
t h e pi e c e o f w o o d t o b e tu r n e d c o m e s in c o nt a ct
w ith t h e f a c e pl a t e a t a ll p o i n t s
-
T o in s ur e thi s
.

i t will b e n e c e s s a r y t o s c r ew t h e pi e c e o f w o r k up
 Wood Turni ng 69

tightly a ga in st t h e f a c e pla t e If this i s no t d on e

-
.

it will n o t r un t rue and a ccur a t e turni ng c anno t

,

b e a cc o mplish e d .

If in do in g wo rk o f t h i s n a ture it i s f o un d tha t
‘

t h e pi e c e b e in g tu rn e d w o r k s l o o s e a r em e dy c a n
,

b e a ppli e d by in s e r tin g a pi e c e o f s a n d p a pe r with

t h e g r it s id e o ut b e tw e en t h e fa c e pl a t e a n d t h e
-

s t o ck .In f a ct if this is d o n e wh en t h e s t o ck is
fir st put l n pl an e th er e will b e l e s s da ng er o f it
.

c o mi ng l o o s e duri ng t h e turning o p e r a ti o n s .

It will b e un d e r st o o d th a t pi ec e s o f diffe r ent .

s h a p e c a n b e s c r e w e d t o t h e f a c e pl a t e i n thi s m a n
-

n er . It i s n o t a bs o lut ely n e c e s s a r y t h a t r o un d
pi e c e s o nly t o b e u s e d H o w ev e r in m o untin g
.
,

i r re gul a r ly sh a p e d pi e c e s in thi s w ay t h e m e c h a nl c
,
‘
mus t t a ke c a r e n o t t o gi v e h i s l a the t o o g r ea t a
s p ee d o r a n a ccid e n t i s a pt t o h a pp en .

O ft entim e s a p r o p er ly s h a p e d pi e c e o f w o o d fo r
a c e r t a i n pi e c e o f tu rn in g i s n o t a v a il a bl e f r o m

t h e st o ck a t h a n d If t h e m e ch a n ic m e et s this c o n
.

diti o n it is w ell fo r him t o r em emb er th a t a pi e c e

o f p r o p e r siz e a n d s h a p e c a n b e b uilt by gluin g

s e v e r a l sm a ll e r pi e c e s t o g e t h e r. It i s qui t e n ec e s
s a ry h o w ev er th a t t h e pi e c e s b e glu e d t o g e t h e r
, ,

p r o p er ly fo
, r th e y will b e s u bj e ct e d t o g r ea t st r a i n

i n t h e l a th e un d e r t h e a cti o n o f t h e cutting t o ol ,

a n d if th ey a re n o t l u d t g th e fi mly th y will
g e o e r r e ,
17 0 L a t he Work fo r B egi n ners

co m e a p a rt a n d fly o ut o f t h e l a the Go o d c a rp en
-

t e r s glue s h o uld b e u s e d in g lul ng t h e pi e c e s

’

t o g e th e r a n d o n ly a v e ry t hi n l a y e r i s a ppli e d
'
.

T h e c o nt a c t in g s ur f a c e s sho uld b e pl an e d o ff a s
a ccu r a t ely a s p o s s ibl e a n d a ft e r t h e glu e i s a ppli e d

t h e w o r k s h o uld b e pl a c e d in a cla mp o r vis e t o

h o ld it tightly t o g e th e r un t il t h e glue h a s dr i e d .

Ma ny m e ch a nics h a v e t h e id e a th a t t h e m o r e glu e
th ey a pply t h e b e tt e r t h e pi e c e s will h o ld Ju s t .

t h e o pp o s it e i s t ru e. T h e glu e sh o uld b e a ppli e d

i n a s thin a l a y e r a s p o s s ibl e a n d t h e enti r e s ur
f a c e s h o uld b e c ov er e d .

W h en wo rkin g o n t h e f a c e o f a fl a t pi e c e o f
w o o d m o un t e d o n t h e f a c e pl a t e t h e t e e r e s t i s
- -

pl a c e d p a r a ll el t o t h e f a c e o f t h e w o o d W h en t h e
.

e dg e o f t h e w o o d i s b e in g w o rke d up o n t h e t e e
,

r e s t i s pl a c e d in i t s n o rm a l p o s iti o n
'

W h en u s ing t h e p a r tin g t o o l o r wh en b o r ing o ut

t h e c en t e r o f a pi e c e t h e t o o l s h o uld b e W i thdr awn
,

o cc a s i o n a lly t o t a k e o u t t h e chips a n d t o a ll o w t h e

t o o l t o c o o l o ff W h en t h e p a r t in g t o o l i s f o r c e d
.

int o t h e w o rk th e r e i s a t en d en cy fo r it t o h ea t
up s in c e it i s pin ch e d t i g h t ly a n d a g r e a t a m o un t

o f f ricti o n i s d ev e l o p e d . W h en t h e t o o l s b e c o m e
o v er h e a t e d th e y l o s e th e i r t e mp e r a n d th e y c a n

n o t b e k e pt ih a sh a r p e n e d c o n diti o n sin c e t h e

cut tin g e dg e h a s n o qu a lit i e s .

1 72 L a t he Work for B egi nners

re v e r s in g t h e p o s iti o n o f t h e go uge a n d cutting

f r o m t h e o the r s id e In t h e sa m e m a nn er t h e o th er
,

h a lf o f t h e s emicir cl e i s f or me d Th e cut t in g
.

s h o uld a lw a ys s t o p a t t h e b a s e o f t h e c u t s in c e
,

the r e i s d a ng e r o f t h e t o o l c a t chin g wh en cut t in g

a g a i n s t t h e g r a in o f t h e w o o d o n t h e o pp o s it e s id e

o f t h e w o rk T hi s o p e r a ti o n i s r e p e at e d un t il t h e
.

w o rk i s within in ch o f t h e r e qu i r e d s iz e A t.

t h e en d o f e a ch c u t t h e t o o l s h o uld h a v e b e en
i

f o r c e d fa r en o u gh fo r w a r d an d u pw a r d t o b r ing
'

t h e n o s e o f t h e t o ol w e ll o u t o n t h e t o p o f t h e c ut .

T h e d e p t h o f t h e c o n c a v e i s c a lip e r e d i n t h e u s ua l
m a nn e r .

T h e w o r k e r mu s t n o t f o r g e t t h a t t empl a t e s
.

m a y b e u s e d t o a dv a n t a g e in t h e a r t o f w o o d tu r n
ing . T hi s i s e s p e ci a lly t ru e in duplic a t e tu rn in g .

If a numb e r o f pi e c e s o f t h e s a m e dim en s i o n a re
t o b e tu r n e d it i s w ell t o m a k e a t empl a t e o f thin
,

s h ee t m e t a l s in c e thi s will s a v e a l o t o f m e a s u r i n g
,

with c a lip e r s a n d r ule r .

A c o nv ex c u t o r a b e a d a s it i s s o m etim e s c a ll e d
, , ,

i s c o n s id e r e d by w o o d tu r n e r s t h e h a r de s t c u t t o
m a ke T hi s p a rt icul a r kin d o f c ut is m a d e wit h
.

t h e h e e l o f a s m a ll s k e w ch i s el If a cyli n
. de r i s
b eing tu rn e d it s h o uld b e m a rke d o ut a nd a ll t h e
,

st o ck be tw een t h e b e a d s r o ugh e d o ut wit h a p a r t

”

in g t o ol T h e s h ould e r cu t t in g i s d o n e with an
.
 Woo d Turni ng 3

or dina ry p a rting t o o l A p en cil is us e d t o m ark

.

t h e c en t e r o f e a ch b e a d t o b e m a d e Th e lin e is t h e .

st a rting p o int fo r all cutting T h e chi s el is pl a c e d .

o n t h e t e e r e st with t h e c u t t i n g e dg
-
e ab ove t h e

cylin d er an d t h e l o w e r gr in d i s pl a c e d t a ng ent
,

t o it . Th e chi s e l i s d r a wn b a ck a n d t h e h a n dl e i s
r a i s e d t o b r i n g t h e h e el o f t h e chis el in c o n t a ct

with t h e cylin d e r a t t h e line in dic a ting t h e c ent er

o f t h e b ea d Th e chi s el is th en m o v e d t o t h e r ight
.
,

a n d a t t h e s a m e tim e it i s tipp e d r e p ea t e dly t o

,

ke e p t h e l o w e r g rin d t a n g ent t o t h e r ev o lving

cylin de r an d al s o t o t h e b e a d a t t h e p o in t o f c on
,

t a ct T hi s c ut i s c a r ri e d unt il t h e b o tt o m o f t h e
.

b e a d is r e a ch e d . W h en tu r nin g a s e ri e s o f b e a d s
it is w ell t o w o r k t h e s am e s id e o f a ll b e f o r e r e
v e r s in g t o t h e o th er sid e .

W ith t h e di re cti o n s o utlin e d in t h e f o reg o ing

p a r a gr a ph s t h e a m a t eur w o o dw o rk er will n o w b e
,

i n a p o s i t i o n t o t r y h i s s kill a t s u ch simpl e littl e

'

a rticl e s a s t o o l h a n dl e s g a v e l s r o lli n g pin s l a mp

, , ,

p e d e s t a l s c a n dl e s tick s In di a n club s e t c
, , ,
.

It might b e w ell a t thi s p o in t t o a dd a w o r d

a b o ut t h e fin i s hin g o f a r ticl e s tu r n e d o n t h e l a th e .

T h e fin a l p o li s hin g o f c o u r s e i s b e st d o n e whil e
, ,

t h e w o r k i s s till r ev o lv m g b e tw een c en t e r s a ft e r
al l t h e c u ttin g h a s b e e n d o n e T h e fi n a l c ut i s m a d e
.

a s fi n e a s p o ssibl e a n d t h e t o o l sh o uld b e m o v e d
,
1 74 L a t he Wo rk fo r B egi n ne rs

v e ry s l o wly a l o n g t h e s u r f a c e o f t h e w o rk s o th a t
th e r e will b e n o r idg e s l e ft t o be r em o v e d by t h e
s an d p ap er . In p o li s h ing a w o o d en cylin d e r fo r ih
,

s t ance ,
s a n d p a p e r s h o uld b e c ut in st rip s o n e ,

o f t h e s t rl ps w o un d t ightly a r o un d t h e cylin d e r ,

a n d t h e l a th e s e t in m o ti o n By pullin g o n t h e
.

s a n d p a p e r a n d w o rkin g it b a ck a n d f o rth o v e r
t h e s ur f a c e a v e ry b ea u tiful fini s h will b e m a d e
,
.

It i s o ft en d e sir a bl e t o a pply s t a in v a r nish o r

, ,

s h ell a c t o t h e fin i s h e d a rt icl e W hil e it i s s till

m o un t e d b e twe en t h e c en t e r s o f t h e l a th e o r o n
t h e f a c e pl a t e
-
. W h en thi s i s d o n e h o w ev e r t h e
, ,

s h o u ld b e s u r e t o r em o v e a ll t r a c e s o f du s t l e ft o n

t h e w o o d by t h e s a n d p a p e r . O th e rwi s e th e s e fin e
p a r ticl e s o f w o o d will m a r t h e fin i sh a n d it m a y b e
,

n e c e s s a r y t o p a p e r it o ff a n d a pply a f r e s h c o a t .

T h e w o o dw o r k e r sh o uld n o t f o r g et t o t a ke g o o d
c a re o f h i s l a th e s in c e n o t hin g will ruin it m o r e
,

quickly th a n l a ck o f a tt e nti o n If t h e l a th e i s u s e d
.

d a ily it sh ould b e o il e d d a ily a n d if i t i s u s e d l es s

, ,

f r equ ently it s h o uld b e o il e d ev e ry tim e it i s u s e d .

T h e o il h o l e s s h o uld b e k e p t c o v e r e d up t o pr e
v ent dus t a n d di rt f r o m getting in t o t h e b e a rin g s .

Th e w a ys o f t h e l a th e s h o uld b e k e pt w ell o il e d
a n d t h e m e ch a n i c s h o u ld r e f r a i n f r o m
,

l a yin g hi s
cuttin g t o ll s a c r o s s t h e l a th e b ed Th e t o o l s s h o uld
.

b e k e p t o n a littl e t a bl e b e s id e t h e l a th e o r th ey
,
 ME TA L S PI NN I NG

L at h e for p
Met al S nning
i —4
T ee—R est s— To l
o s —Us e of Var io us
T o o ls M et al s A nn ea lin g Us e of For ms C ent ers

—S am le Turn in —
h

p g M o unt in g W o r k— S p e eds .

EVE RY O N E wning a l a th e s h o ul d l kn o w h o w t o
o

u s e t h e d ev 1 c e fo r m e t a l spi n n in g Me t a l s pl nnl n g
.

i s a n o l d a n d u s e ful a r t a nd w a s pr a c tic e d ext en

s iv ely b e f o r e t h e a dv en t o f t h e m o d e rn s t a mpin g

p r e s s whi ch a t o n e s t r o k e l s c a p a bl e o f p r o ducin g
, , ,

a pi e c e o f w o r k th a t w o u ld r e qu i r e c o n s id e r a bl e

t im e t o b e d o n e by t h e p r o c e s s o f s pinn in g Ho w .

ev e r t h e st a mpin g p r e s s mu s t b e p r o vid e d with

,

exp en s iv e di e s a n d u nl e s s a
,
g r e a t numb e r o f
pi e c e s a r e t o b e s t a mp e d o ut it i s a c o s tly p r o c e ss .

F o r o n e o r a few pi e c e s m e t a l s pinn i ng i s v e ry
s a ti s f a ct o r y a n d c an b e p r a ctic e d by a ny o n e in
p o ss e s s i o n o f a s ub s t a n ti a l l a the c a p a bl e o f r e
v o lving a t s p e ed s b e tw een 6 00 a n d 1 6 00 R P M . . .

T h e o r din a ry l a th e will s e rv e thi s p u r p o s e a nd

o nly a few s impl e a ddi t i o ns a r e n e e d e d t o a d a pt it

t o t h e spinning o f m et a l On e o f th e s e a dditi o n s
.

is a T r e st p r o vid e d with fulc r um pin s a s illu s

-

176
 Met a l Spi nni ng 1 77

Fig 1 4 2 T h e m e cha n ic c a n v e ry e a s ily

t r a t e d in . .

m ake s u ch a T r es t fo r u s e o n h i s o w n l a th e A n
-
.

o th er a dditi o n wh ich i s qu it e n e c e s s a r y t o c o mpl e t e

t h e s pi nn l n g a t t a chm en t i s a r e v o lvin g b a ck
c en t e r S u ch a b a ck c e n t e r i s illus t r a t e d in Fig
.
-
.

1 4 3 a n d it will b e s e e n th a t it c o n s i s t s o f th r e e
,

p a r t s T h e n o s e o f t h e t o o l i s f r e e t o r ev o lv e u p o n
.

a pin t h e o pp o s it e e n d o f whi ch h a s a M o r s e t a p er
,

FI G 14 2
.
— A t ee —
re s t wit h fulc ru m p in s us e d in m et al s p inn ing .

which will fit t h e b a ck s pin dl e o f t h e l a t h e u s e d .

In t e r p o s e d b e tw e en t h e s t a ti o n a r y m emb e r a n d
t h e n o s e o f t h e t o o l i s a h a r d rubb e r bu s hing wh ich
is s e cur ely fix e d in pl a c e by b e ing f o r c e d o v e r t h e
s t a ti o n a r y p in C e n t e r s o f thi s n a tu r e a r e difficul t
.

t o p r o du ce b u t with t h e di r e c t i o n s giv en a n d by
,

t h e a i d o f t h e dr awin g (Fig 1 4 3 ) t h e m e ch a n ic
.

s h o u ld h a v e n o t r o u bl e i n t u r n ing up s u ch a t o o l

o n h i s o w n l a th e Th e b ea r in g s u r f a c e s b e t w ee n
.

t h e n o s e o f t h e t o o l a n d t h e pin s h o uld b e k e pt w e ll
1 78 L a t he W o r k fo r Begi nners

lub r ic a t e d in or d er to p r ev e nt un du e f ricti o n when

t h e d evic e i s in use .

Th er e .
c e rt a in me t a l s th a t c a n b e s pun v e ry
ar e

e a s ily S o m e m e t a l s a r e ve ry difficult t o h a n dl e
. .

O f c o ur s e m e t a l s pinn in g i s d o n e o n ly With s h e e t
,

m et a l r a ngi n g f r o m No s 22 t o 26 g aug e B r o wn .
,

Sh a r p e Th e No 26 g a u g e i s u s ed fo r t h e
‘

. .

l a r g e r w o r k No 22 ga u g e in b r a s s o r z l n c 1 s ve r y
. .

p o pul a r for s m a ll w o rk v a ryin g in di a m e t e r fr o m

2 112 t o 5 in ch e s O f c o ur s e me t a l s o f l e s s thickn e s s
.
,

FI G . 1 3
4 — A re v o lv in g b k ac -
c e n t er fo r us e in m e t a l s p l nn in g .

a re mu ch m o r e e as ily s pun th a n t h e t h ick e r Ina

t e ri al .It i s b e s t t o u s e t h e t h icke s t m a t e r i a l t h a t
c a n b e h a n dl e d by t h e o p e r a t o r T h i s n o t o nly p r o .

duc e s a m o r e s ub s t a nti a l pi e c e o f w o r k but a l s o

l e s s en s t h e d a n g e r o f t h e s pinn ing t o o l w e a rin g
th r o ugh du r in g t h e o p e r a ti o n .

C o pp e r i s r e c o mm en d e d fo r b e gin n e r s It is .

mu ch m o r e e a s ily s pun t h a n a ny o th e r met a l It .

p o s s e s s e s t o ughn e s s a n d wh en it h a s b e en p r o p e rly
I t mu s t b e
’

t r e a t e d w i t h h e a t it i s v e r y pli a bl e .

un d e r s t o o d t h a t m e t a l h a r d e n s a s it i s b e in g s p un ,
180 L a t h e Wo rk fo r B egi nners

m et a l s pinn in g t h e u s e o f t h e v a r i o u s t o o ls a n d
,

m a t e r i a l s will b e d e s c r ib e d A n o r din a ry s e t o f
.

m e t a l s pinn in g t o o l s 1 s s h o wn in Fig 144 . .

T h e ro un d n o s e t o o l i s u s e d in s t a r t in g t o s pin
-

a pi e c e . I t i s e s p e ci a lly u s e ful in c o mp r e s s i n g
m e t a l i nt o c a viti e s a n d r em o vin g w r i n kl e s b e f o re
t a kin g t h e w o r k o u t o f t h e l a th e .

T h e r a i s i n g up t o o l i s u s e d in o p e r a t i o n s t h a t
-

r e q u i r e c o n s id e r a bl e f o r c e t o b e a ppli e d It i s u s e d
.

i n f o rmin g c o n c a v e b o t t o ms in di s h e s a n d o t h e r
o p e r a ti o n s t h a t r e q u i r e s u r f a c e s t o b e s p u n c o n

c a v e i n s t e a d o f c o n v ex.

T h e pl a n i s h e r i s a t o o l th a t i s u s e d a g o o d d e a l .

I t i s r e a lly u s e d a s a b u r ni s h e r o r fin i s h in g t o o l .

It i s b r o u ght in t o u s e a ft e r a ll o t h e r t o o l s h a ve
b e e n u s e d t o fin i s h t h e f o rmin g .

T h e t o n g u e t o o l i s u s e d p r i n cip a lly i n p r o d u ci n g
c o nv ex s u r f a c e s .I t i s m a n ipul a t e d in t h e s a m e
w ay a s t h e r e s t o f t h e t o o l s .

T h e g r o o v e r i s r a th e r a s p e ci a l t o o l a n d i s u s e d
o n ly wh e n g r o o v e s a r e t o b e p r e s s e d i n t o t h e w o r k .

It i s u s e d a lm o s t e nti r ely in s pin dl e f o rm s fo r t h e

p r o du c t i o n o f s m a ll g r o o v e s
.

I t w ill b e a s um e d t h a t t h e c o pp e r c up illu s t r a t e d
i n Fig 14 5 i s t o b e s p un Th e fi r s t t h i n g th a t t h e
. .

w o r km a n mu s t d e t e rmin e i s t h e s iz e o f t h e di s c
fr o m wh ich t h e c up i s t o b e m a d e I t i s b e s t t o
.
 Met a l Spi nni ng 18 1

have this t o o l a rg e r a th e r th an t o o sm a ll If t h e .

di s c i s o v e r s iz e i t c a n b e c u t o ff b u t if it i s un d er ,

siz e t h e w o rk mu st b e d o ne ov er a g ain .
.

FI G . 14 5 — A
. co pp e r c up t o be s pun .
’

A ft er t h e
di s c is c ut it i s m o unt e d a s ske tche d ,

i n Fig 1 4 6 . It will b e s e e n th a t it i s n e c e s s a ry t o
.

t urn a w o o d bl o ck t o c o r re s p o n d with t h e sha p e

FI G . 146.
— Th e co pp e r dis c m
o un e d o n t t h e wo o de n bl o ck or form
to mk a e t he co pp
e r c up s h o wn in Fig 14 5
. .

of the c o pp e r c up which is t o b e s pun T h e o r di .

n a r y c en t e r sc r e w f a c e pl a t e u s e d in w o o d tur n ing
- -

i s a l s o u s e d in m e t a l spinnin g Th e f o r m u p o n .

which m et al is t o b e s pun i s s cr ew e d up o n t h e f a c e
 L a t he Work fo r Begi nn ers

p l a t e i n t h e m a n n e r s h o w n i n Fig 1 4 7 T h e c en t e r . .

o f t h e m e t a l di s c w hich i s t o b e sp un i s pl a c e d
'

FI G . 14 7 — T h e fo r
. mm o un t ed on t h e fa c e -
pl
at e .

u p on the en d o f the met a l f o rm

t a ilst o ck an d the
o f t h e l a th e m o v e d fo r w a r d un til t h e r ev o lvin g

c ent e r c o m e s t o r e st u p o n t h e s u r f a c e o f t h e c o pp e r
“

FI G . 148 —Sh owing

. t he p o s it io n o f t he co pp er dis c t he
re a d y fo r s p nn ng
i i

d isc R e f e r en c e i s m a d e t o
Fig 1 4 8 which s h o ws
‘

. .
,

j u s t h o w t h e di s c i s cl a mp e d b e tw e en t h e r ev o lvin g
c en t e r a nd t h e w o o d e n f o rm o v e r which it i s t o b e
s p un .
 L a t he Work fo r B egi nners
Th e w o rkm a n mu s t r em emb er t o a nn e al t h e
pi e c e a s it b ec o me s h a r d during t h e p r o c e s s o f
spinning F o r o r din a ry w o r k it i s quit e n e c e s s a ry
.

t o r e p e a t t h e a n ne a lin g p r o c e s s s ev e r a l tim e s b e
f o r e t h e fin a l s h a pe i s b r o ught a b ou t .

T h e s pinn in g c a n b e d o n e by h o ldin g t h e t o o l
a b o v e t h e c e n t e r o f t h e l a th e T h e m o v em e n t o f
.

t h e b o dy will b e d o wn w a r d a n d t o t h e r ight which

will r e sult in t h e t o o l p o in t w o r kin g upwa r d .

A f t e r t h e s pin nin g i s d o n e a n d t h e ro ugh e dg e

o f t h e pi e c e t u r n e d o ff t h e p o lishin g s h o u ld b e
,

fini s h e d b ef o r e t h e p i e c e 1 s t a ke n fr o m t h e l a th e .

T o a cc o mpli s h t h e p o li s hin g it is o nly n e c es s a ry t o

win d a pi e c e o f fin e em e ry cl o th a r o un d t h e c up
,

o n c e a n d t o h o ld it tightly with t h e h a n d whil e t h e

l a th e i s r ev o lving .

B r a s s i s a v e r y c o mm o nly us e d m et a l fo r sp i n
“

n in g a n d a lth o u gh n o t a s e a s y t o w o r k with a s
, ,

c o pp e r i t i s r e c o mm en d e d fo r t h e b e gi nn e r Th e
‘

a nn e a lin g o f b r a s s i s c a r r i e d o ut i n t h e s a m e w a y

a s t h e a nn e a lin g o f c o pp e r ; th a t i s it i s h e a t e d a n d
,

plun g e d in t o c o ld w a t e r Th e r ea d e r will n o t e
.

th a t th e s e t w o m et a l s a r e a nn e a l e d in t h e s am e
w a y t h a t s t e el i s h a r d en e d . T his i s a p r o p er ty
p e culi a r t o b r a s s a n d c o pp e r
-
.

Un d e r t h e a cti o n o f t h e s pinn in g t o o l b r a s s i s
,

f o un d t o h a r d en m o r e r a pidly th an c o pp e r The r e .
 Met a l S pi nni ng 85

f o re it will b e n e c e s s ary t o a nn e a l it m o r e fr e
quently Th e m e ch a ni c s h o uld m a ke it a p o in t t o
.

u s e a s he e t b r a s s a s thin a s p o s s ible fo r t h e w o r k

o n han d ;

Z in c c an b e sp un b ut it i s a li t t l e m o r e difficult
t o m a nip ul a t e th a n e ith e r b r a s s o r c o pp e r Be .

f o r e a nn e a lin g zin c it i s b e s t fi r s t t o imm e r s e it

i n a b a th o f o i l E x p e r i e n c e d m et a l s pinn e r s cl a im
.

tha t t hi s t en d s t o s o ft en t h e m e t a l T h e s a m e .

p r o c e du r e i s o ft en r e c o mm en d e d fo r b r a s s an d
c o pp e r a l s o Z in c i s a m e t a l whi ch h a s a cr y s t a l
.

lin e s t r u ctur e a n d t h e a cti o n o f t h e s p i nni n g t o ol

t en d s t o m a k e it m o r e c ry s t a llin e A s t h e p r o c e s s
.

i s c o n tin u e d t h e zin c i s w e a ken e d c o n s id er a bly .

T hi s i s e s p e ci a lly t ru e wh e r e t h e zin c mu st b e
“

tur n e d o v e r a b rupt c o r n e rs .

In a nn e a lin g zin c it i s a dvi s a bl e n o t t o c a r ry it

o v e r a t e mp e r a t u r e o f 4 00 d e g r e e s T h e t emp e r a
'

t ur e m a y b e d e t e r min e d Wit h a ch emic a l th er

m om e t e r . T h e m e t a l i s plun g e d in t o c o ld w a t er
-

t h e s a m e w a y a s b r a s s o r c o pp e r .

A lumin um c a n b e s p un a n d it h a s b e e n f o un d
th a t t h e p r o c e s s o f a nn e a ling i s n o t quit e s o n ec e s
s a ry with thi s m e t a l a s wit h t h e o th e r m e t a l men
t ioned W h eth e r o r n o t a nn ea lin g h elp s in t h e
“

c a s e o f a luminum i s a m a t t e r o f o pi n i o n A lumi .

num i s e a s ily w o r k e d b u t o n t h e o th e r h a n d it i s
,
18 6 L a t he W ork for Begi nners

l ily s h a tt e r e d O ft en t h e o p e r a t o r will
’

a so ea s .

c a r r y t h e s p i nni n g o f a pie c e o f a luminum t o a

c e r t a in p oint a n d fin d t h a t it s u dd enly sh a tt e r s ,

n o t o n ly s p o ilin g t h e w o r k b u t w a s tin g t h e tim e

th a t h a s b e en s p en t up o n it .

T h e b e ginn e r s h o uld n o t a tt empt t o s pin pi e c e s

with t o o l a r ge a di a m e t e r s in c e t h e c ent rifug a l
‘

f o r ce p r e s en t will m a ke t h e j o b difficult T h e .

d an g e r o f t h e pi e c e flyin g f r o m t h e la the will b e

in cr e a s e d with t h e in cre a s e in di am e t e r .

T h e b eg inn e r mu s t ke e p in min d t h e fa ct th a t
.

t h e spinn in g o f s h a ll o w di s h e s a n d t r a y s i s t h e
e a s i e s t t o d o th e r e f o r e it i s a dvi s a bl e t o s t a r t o ut
,

with s o m e s impl e littl e t r a y which will r e qui r e

o n ly t h e u s e o f a s impl e w o o d e n f o rm di s p e n s in g
,

with wh a t i s kn o wn a s t h e f o ll o w up bl o ck A t r a y
-
.

o r a di s h with a d e p r e s s i o n o f f r o m o n e t o o n e

a n d On e h a lf i n ch e s with a di a m e t e r o f s ix in ch e s
-

ma ke s a c o mp a r a tiv ely e a s y j o b which c o m e s with

i n t h e r a n g e o f t h e a m a t e u rw o r k er .

In t h e p r o du cti o n o f s u ch a n a r ticl e s implici t y

o f d e s ign s h o uld b e a dh e r e d t o . T h e b e ginn e r
s h o uld n o t t r y t o p r o du c e s h a rp c o r n e r s s i n c e it

r e qu i r e s t h e s killfu l m a n ip ul a ti o n o f a s e a s o n e d

s pi nn e r t o p r o du c e t h e s e p e r f e c t ly T h e b e ginn e r
.

mu s t b e s a tisfi e d with s impl e curve s a n d c o nt o ur s .

A li t t l e a s h t r a y a b o ut fi v e in ch e s in di a m e t e r a n d
188 L a t he W ork fo r B egi nner

the su pply o f lub r ic a n t r e pl en i s he d F o r c o pp e r

.

s o f t s o a p will b e f o u n d ve r y g o o d B ra s s a nd
.

zin c re qui r e a rub f r o m a t a ll o w ca n dl e A g o o d .

h e avy lub r ic a ting o il i s s uit a bl e fo r whit e m e t al

a n d a luminum s in c e thi s p r ev e n ts t h e s pin n in g

t o o l f r o m cuttin g in t o t h e m et a l .

W o r k i s s t a rt e d a s f o ll o w s : In t h e r ight h a n d
'

with t h e h a n dl e un d er t h e right a rm a b o v e t h e
”

e lb o w i s h e ld t h e s pinn e r s t o o l a n d i n t h e l e ft
’
,

h a n d t h e en d o f a b r o o m h a n dl e o r s o m e s imil a r
pie c e o f w o o d i s h eld T hi s i s s o a r r a n ge d th a t it
.

i s p os s ibl e t o p r e s s t h e m e t a l fi rmly a g a in s t t h e
f o rm bl o ck a n d t h e en d o f t h e pi e c e o f w o o d h e ld
in t h e l e ft h a n d i s ke pt o pp o s it e t h e e nd o f t h e —

t o o l a s it m o v e s fr o m t h e c ent e r of rev o lu ti o n o ut
w a r d a n d d o wnwa r d T h e tur ni ng o f t h e l a t he
.

d r aw s t h e t o o l d o wn s o th a t it i s n ea r e r t h e a xis
'

o f t h e di s c a n d a littl e l o w e r th a n t h e e n d o f t h e

wo o d e n s upp o r t h eld in t h e l e f t h a n d T h e b o dy .

o f t h e w o r k e r th r o w s t h e h a n dl e t o t h e r igh t w hich
c a u s e s t h e en d o f t h e t o o l t o p a s s t o t h e l e ft a n d
c o n s e qu en t ly o v e r t h e m e t a l g r a du a lly t o w a r d a n d
firmly a g a in st t h e f o rm bl o ck T h e di a m o n d
.

p o in t e d cutting t o o l i s t h en b r o ught in t o pl a y t o
tr im o ff t h e e dg e a n d t h e pi e c e is c ompl et e .

W ith a s impl e pi e c e o f tu rni ng o f thi s n a t ure

it i s n o t a lw a y s n e c e s s a ry t o a nn e a l t h e w o rk dur
 Met a l S pi nni ng 189

in g t h e p r o c e s s unl e s s it i s f o un d th a t t h e m et a !
b e c o m e s un duly h a r d a n d f a il s t o r e s p o n d p r o p
e r ly t o t h e s pi n n i n g t o o l . If a p i ec e i s a ll o we d t o
b e c o m e h a r d a n d it i s n o t a nn e a l e d t h e w o r k will
s u r e ly b e s h a tt e r e d b e f o r e i t i s fin i s h e d

In s pin n in g a s impl e pi e c e o f w o rk s u ch a s th a t
j u s t d e s c r ib e d n o t r o ubl e s h o uld b e ex p e ri en c e d in
k e e pi ng t h e m e t a l a t a un if o rm thickn e s s . In
o th e r w o r k h o w e v e r t h e b e gi nn e r will fi n d i t dif
, ,

fi c u lt t o d o t h i s .

W hil e t h e di s h i s s till o n t h e f o rm it c a n be
p a p e r e d d o wn r o u ghly t o t a k e o ut t h e bl emi s h e s
l ef t by t h e s pinni ng t o o l A g o o d m e dium g r a d e
.

o f e m e r y p a p e r will b e s uit a bl e fo r t h i s p u r p o s e .

Th e t u r n in g o f a d e e p e r a r ticl e i s n o t c a r ri e d
o u t a s e a s ily a s t h e t u r n i n g o f t h e s impl e lit t l e

di s h p r evi o u s ly d e s c ri b e d I t will b e a s s um e d th a t
.

'

a c up s imil a r t o th a t s h o wn i n Fig 1 4 9 i s t o b e
.
,

turn e d H e r e i t will b e n e c e s s a r y t o empl o y wha t

.

i s kn o wn a s a f o ll o wi n g u p f o rm -
. T hi s s o rt o f
tur nin g i s a lit t l e m o r e difficult th a n th a t pr e
v i o us ly d e s c r ib e d a n d t h e b e ginn e r mu s t t a k e g r ea t

c a r e t o s e e th a t t h e m e t a l i s w e ll a nn e a l e d s e v e r a l

tim e s du r in g t h e p r o c e s s t o in s u r e a g a in s t s h a t
t er in g T h e f o ll o win g up f o rm i s m a d e o f m a pl e
.
-

a n d it i s u nn e c e s s a r y t o u s e i t du r in g t h e fi r st o f

t h e s pin nin g . T h e m e t a l i s s p un un til it is w ell

1 90 L a t he Work fo r Begi n ners

l g p b a bly
a on ,
ro thi d
one -
r f m At
w a y up t h e or .
-

t hi s tim e t h e f o ll o wi n g—u p f o rm i s pl a c e d o v e r t h e

t a il s t o ck c e n t er It will o f c o u r s e b e n e c e s s a r y
.
, ,

t o p r o vid e t h e f o ll o win g u p f o rm wi t h a h o l e in t o
-

which t h e c e n t e r will fit W h en t h e f o ll o win g up

.
-

FI G . 14 9 — A
. m o re e la b o ra t e c up , a n d fo llo w -
up bl k
oc .

f o rm i s in pl a c e it will t en d t o s upp o r t t h e m e t a l
a n d h o ld it tightly a s s h o wn i n Fig 1 4 9 . .

A v e r y s impl e r ev o lving c en t e r d es ign e d t o r e

pl a c e t h e o n e p r evi o u s ly de s c rib e d in th i s C h a p t e r ,

i s s h o wn in Fig 1 50 T hi s i s a v e r y S i mpl e t yp e
. .

and we ll a d a pt e d t o m e t a l s pinnin g A b all b e a r .

 C HA PT E R XI
B U I LDI NG A N A MA TE UR S ’
M ETA L TU RNI NG L A THE

Gen er a l D es c r i p t io n of L a t h e— L at h e B ed— Pa t t er ns— C a s t in g s

— M a c h i n in
g
— A sse mblin g W o rk B en c h C o unt ers h a ft
— A c c e s so ri e s — Ji
g Saw A t t ac h m e t Sli de Res t G rin d
n — —

in g Ta le—b Ha n d Filin g Jig— C irc ula r S aw Tab le .

THE buildin g o f a la th e s uffici en t ly s t r o ng a n d

t ru e fo r m e t a l t u r n in g i s a p r o ble m which m a ny
a m a t eu r s h a v e a tt empt e d t o s o lv e T h e a ccu r a cy .

o f a l a t h e d e p en d s l a r g e ly u p o n t h e t r u th o f t h e

m a chin e up on which i t i s m a d e a n d t h i s a ccu r a cy ,

i s a g a in r efle ct e d in t h e w o rk s ub s e qu e n tly tu r n e d
o ut . In t h e o r di n a ry w a y t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f e v en
,

a s m a ll l a th e i n v o lv e s t h e u s e o f h e a vy a n d ex

p en s iv e m a chin e s s u ch a s pl a n e r s a n d s h a p e r s O f .

c o u r s e it i s p o s s ibl e t o m a ke a f a i r ly g o o d l a t h e
,

wi t h a w o o d en b e d a n d with t h e s pin dl e s s imply

d r ill e d o u t b u t fo r m e t a l tu rn in g s u ch a t o o l w o uld
,

n o t s a ti s fy t h e m o d el ma k e r o r c a r e ful m e ch a n ic .

In t h e d e s ign s h o wn in Fig 1 5 1 t h e m a in fe a .
,

t u r e o f t h e c o n s t ru cti o n i s t h e u s e o f c o ld r o ll e d
s t e el s h a fti n g which i s a c o mm e r ci a l m a t e r i a l o f

v e ry r e a s o n a bl e a ccur a cy a n d fi n i s h T h e v a r i o u s .

1 92
 Bui ldi ng a n A ma t eur s M et a l Tu rn i ng L a t he
’
1 93

a dditi o ns t o t h e fin a l fittin g s o f t h e l a th e m ay b e
m a d e o n t h e l a th e it s e lf o n c e t h e b a s i s o f t h e w o rk
,

i s fini s h e d T h e l a th e c a n b e fin a lly m a d e u p in t o
.
.
.

a r e s p e ct a bl e s c r e w cu tti n g m a ch i n e -
by a ddin g
p a r t by p a r t a s tim e g o e s o n A t t h e o u t s et t h e .
,

b o r in g t a bl e a n d l e a d s c r e w n e e d n o t b e fi t t e d
.
.

Th e o n ly w o rk t h a t n e e d b e d o n e o u t s id e i s t h e
t u r n in g d o wn o f t h e s pin dl e t o in ch a t e a ch
en d ,
t h e c a s t in g o f t h e c a s t i r o n a n d b r a s s p o r -

FI G . 15 1 .
-
A go o d a m a t e ur b en c h la t h e .

ti o n s a n d t h e d r illing o f t h e
,
in ch h o l e s in t h e
h e a d s t o ck t ail s t o ck b o rin g t a bl e a n d en d s up
, ,

p o r tin g l e g Th e b o r ing o f t h e s pin dl e t o m a ke i t

.

int o a ho ll o w s pin dl e l a th e m ay b e l e ft un t il
“ ”

t h e l a th e i s o th e r wi s e fin i s h e d E v en t h e d r illi n g .

o f t h e c o n e p u ll e y m a y b e d o n e o n t h e l a t h e it s e lf ,

a t e mp o r a r y o r j ur y pull ey b ein g rigg e d up fo r

“ ”

t h e tim e b e in g .

T h e wh o l e s ch em e o f t h e l a th e d e p en d s o n t h e
u s e o f c o mm e r ci a l c o ld r o ll e d o r B e s s em e r s t e e l
-
1 94 L a t h e Work for B egi nners

ro d fo r t h e b e d of thel a the T hi s m a t e ri a l i s
.

ch e a p a n d i s v e ry t r ue b o th in d i am et e r an d
,

s t r a igh t n e s s .T hi s f a ct i s m a d e u s e o f t o o bt a in
a l a t h e with o u t r e c o ur s e t o pl a n in g

T h e fi r s t thin g i s t o p r e p a r e t h e p a tt e rn s which ,

m a y b e m a d e by a ny a m a t eur s in c e c o r e b o x e s
,
-

c a n b e di s p e n s e d wi t h .Th e in ch h o l e s m a y b e
b o r e d o ut o f t h e s o lid c a s tin g t h e c o r in g o f t h e
,

h o le s fo r t h e whit e m e t al b e in g l e ft t o t h e fo un dry
t o p r o vid e . A s a rul e t h e f o un dr y c a n s upply a ll
r o un d c o r e s . S h o uld a t h r e e s t ep pull e y wh e el b e
-

d e t e rmin e d u p o n a t t h e o ut s et a p a tt e rn fo r thi s
“

mu s t b e s en t t o th e w o o dtu rn er s H o w ev e r it i s .
,

quit e p o s s ibl e th a t s o m e fi rm will a d o pt t h e s ug

g e s tio n o f s upplying t h e n e c e s s a r y c a s tin g s a n d
p a rt s a l r ea dy dr ill e d a n d thu s m a ke it p o s s ibl e
,

fo r t h e a m a t eu r t o a cc o mpli s h t h e w o r k o f b uild
in g up t h e l a th e with o n ly t h e h a n d t o o l s c o mm o n
t o ev e r y h o m e w o r k s h o p .

A s s um in g th a t t h e r o ugh c a s tin g s h a v e c o m e
t o h a n d e x t r em e c a r e a n d a ccu r a cy will b e r e
,

q u i r e d i n d r illi n g t h e h o l e s fo r t h e t w o s h a ft s

which will f o rm t h e b e d o f t h e l a th e T he s e h o l e s .

sh o uld b e in ch es t o fi t t h e sh a fting a nd a t ri al
’

h o l e m a y b e m a d e in an o d d pi e c e o f i r o n t o t e st
wh e th er t h e drill in u s e will giv e a s a tisf a ct o ry
r e s ult. Th e c o mm e rci a l b a r s s h o uld j u s t g o i n t h e
1 96 L a t he W ork for B egi nn ers

ho le s ,
th a t t h e s et s cr e w sh o wn in t h e dra wi ng s
so

o f t h e h e a d s t o ck will s e cu r e ly tight e n up t h e p a r t s
-

a n d y e t a ll o w th em t o b e r em o v e d a t a ny tim e .

wit h o ut t r o ubl e .

Th e h ea d s t o ck s h o u ld b e t a ckl e d fi r st a n d wh en
-

d rill e d thi s m a y b e u s e d t o f o r m a j i g (s e e 0
,

Fig 1 56 ) fo r d r illin g t h e s e c o n d a n d a ll t h e o th er
.

h o l e s a sh o r t pi e c e o f t h e b a r b e ing c u t o ff fo r
,

t h i s p u rp o s e T h e b a ck f o o t o r s u pp o r t fo r t h e
.

b e d o f t h e l a t h e s h o uld b e d r ill e d n ex t a n d with ,

,

t h e pi e c e o f r o d in s e r t e d th r o u gh t h e a dj a c en t
h o l e s t h e s e c o n d h o l e sh o u ld b e b o r e d a s s h o wn in
,

Fig 1 5 6 a t C Next c o m e s t h e t a il s t o ck c a s ting

.
'

.
-

a n d s i n c e t h e c a p a cit y o f t h e a v e r a g e d r illin g

m a c h in e a n d t h e l e n gt h o f t h e d rill a r e n o t s u ch
a s w o uld t a k e b o t h t h e h e a d —s t o ck a n d t a il s t o ck -

s u p e r p o s e d o n t h e d r illi n g t a bl e t h e b a ck s u pp o r t ,

m a y b e ?u tiliz e d fo r th i s pu r p o s e Th e id e a i s t o .

in s u r e th a t b o th t h e h o l e s a r e e qu idi s t a nt s in c e
t h e s u cc e s s o f t h e l a t h e d e p en d s o n thi s T hi s .
,

w i t h t h e tu r n in g o f t h e s pin dl e b a r d o wn t o i n ch
di a m e t e r a t e a ch en d a nd t h e s kimmin g up o f it s
,

middl e s u r f a c e i s a ll t h e m a ch in i ng th a t n e e d b e
,

giv en o ut If a s lid e r e s t i s c o n t empl a t e d th en t h e

.
-

,
.

b o r ing t a bl e Fig 1 5 2 s h o uld b e d e a lt with in a

,
.
,

s imil a r m a n n e r a s t h e h e a d s t o ck a n d a t t h e s a m e -

tim e .
B uildi ng a n A ma t eur s Met a l Turni ng L a t he ’
1 97

Th e m a in p a r t s c a n th en b e thr e a d e d o n t h e
b e d b a r whi ch s h o uld b e c ut in t o e qu al p o r t i o n s
, ,

a n d t h e h o l e s fo r t h e s e t s c r e w s s e c ur i n g t h e h e a d

s t o ck a n d b ack f o o t d r ill e d a nd t a pp e d O r din a ry .

s c r e w s ma y b e u s e d a n d wh e n t h e l a t h e i s fini s h e d
,

a n d r un n i n g th e s e m a y b e r em o v e d a n d t u r n e d

d o wn with t a p e r p o int s s o th a t t h ey t en d t o thru s t

,

W HIT E .

D REL B AR

EM PL AT E

UPPO E T

FI G . 1 53 — . Ho w t h e b bbit t ing f r t h e l
a o at he b e a rin g s is d o n e .

t h e b ed bars in an u pw a r d di r e cti o n in tight ening

on t h em .

Th e xt p r o c e s s i s t o fit t h e s pin dl e a n d p o pp et
ne

t o t h e h e a d a n d t a il s t o ck c a s tin g s t ruly p a r a ll e l
-

with t h e b e d By t h e de vic e s a nd p r o c e s s es t o b e
.

d e s cr ib e d n o m a chin in g i s re qui r e d fo r t hi s w o r k
,
.

W hil e dr illin g o ut t h e t w o in ch h o l e s t w o ,

t empl a t e s s h o uld b e p r e p a r e d o u t o f in ch
pl a t e a s sh o wn i n F ig 1 55 T hr e e h o l e s t w o o f
“

.
, .
,

in ch di a m e t er a n d o n e o f in ch di a m e t e r t o ,
 1 98 L a t he W o rk for B egi n ners
”

c o r r e s p o n d wit h t h e c en t e r o f t h e s pin dl e an d t h e
b e d b a r s a r e r e qu i r e d in t h e s e t e mpl a t e s
,
The s e .

h o l e s s h o uld b e d r ill e d whil e t h e pl a t e s a r e ei t h er

r iv e t e d o r cl a mp e d t o g e t h e r t o i n s u re a ccu r a cy ,
.

Pu s hin g t h e b e d b a r s t h r o u gh t h e h e a d s t o ck w ell ,

b e y o n d t h e ir p r o p e r p o s iti o n a s sh o wn in Fig 1 53 , .
,

t h e t empl a t e s s h o u ld b e e r e ct e d o n th e s e b a r s a n d ,

t he sp i n dl e which a t t h e o u t s e t i s in o n e pi e c e W i th
,

TOO L P0 5 1
"

"

3
F EED s ee
"
8
"

L E FO E S C REW
B O L T B O R ING
T A BL E .

A DJ U S T M EN T
EL RO D S
.

FI G . 1 54 — T h e c o n s t ru c t io n o f t h e la t h e s lid e- re s t .

the b a ck p o pp e t sh o uld b e rigg e d up a s s h o wn in

,

Fig 1 53 A s s umin g th a t t h e t empl a t e s a r e t r u e

. .
,

thi s will p r o vid e t h e r equ i r e d p a r a ll e li s m i n t h e

c ent e r lin e s o f t h e s pin dl e a n d b e d b a r s B o t h .

t h e s pin dl e a n d p o pp e t s h o uld b e b l a c kle a d e d v e ry

th in ly t h e bl a ckl e a d b e ing mixe d with g r e a s e
,
.

W h e n a ll i s r ea dy t h e whit e m e t a l s h o uld b e
,

he a t e d up in a l a dl e a n d p o ur e d int o t h e c o r e d
c a vity b e t we en t h e s ev e ra l h e a d s a n d t h e s pin dl e
'

Th e c a s t in g s s h o uld b e w a rm e d u p with a g a s j et
 b
y

FI G . 15 5 — T h e c o n s t ru c t io n a l d et a ils of t he a m a t e ur be n c h la t h e .
B ui ldi ng a n A ma t eur s Met a l ’
Turn i n g L a t he 901

m e t a l c a p t a pp e d wit h t h e s a me t hr e a d T hi s c a p .

i s s c r ew e d o n t o t h e en d o f t h e t a il s t o ck with t w o -

1
4 i n ch s c r e w s,
a n d t h e e n d o f t h e p o pp e t i s

s qu a r e d fo r t h e h a n dl e T h e s c r ew h o l e s a r e
.

m a rk e d o ut fr o m t h o s e i n t h e c a p fl a ng e wi t h t h e
.
,

c ap i n p os iti o n o n t h e t a il —s t o ck f e e d s c r e w Th e -
.

s et s c r ew i s a
-
in ch s e t s c r ew wi t h a h o l e t hr o ugh
-

t h e h e a d fo r a in ch pin T o p r o t e ct t h e p o p
.

p e t f r o m d a m a g e ,
a p a d o f b r a s s r o d i s d r o pp e d
in t o t h e b o tt o m o f t h e h o l e (s e e Fig 1 5 2 ) .

Pr o g re s s h a vin g b e e n m a d e s o fa r t h e s pin dl e ,

ma y b e r em o v e d a n d if th e r e i s a ny t en d en cy t o
,

s h a k e t h e t w o b e a r i n g s o f t h e h e a d s t o ck m a y b e
,
-

s lit wi t h a h a ck s a w a s s h o wn in t h e d r a w m g s In .

a ny c a s e t hi s h a d b e t t e r b e d o n e s in c e ,
i t wil l
e n a bl e t h e b e a r in g s t o b e a dj u s t e d fo r w e a r To .

e ff e ct t h i s a dj u s t m e n t s c r e w s a r e fitt e d in t o t h e
,

lu g s p r o vid e d in t h e c a s t in g s A n o t h e r id e a w ould
.

b e t o c u t t h e s li t s b e f o r e r unn in g in t h e whit e
m e t a l T h e s lit s c o uld b e f o r c e d o p en s light ly by
.

pu s hin g in a pi e c e o f pl a t e o r w o o d j u s t b e f o r e
r un n in g t h e m e t a l .T h i s pi e c e w o u ld th en b e r e
m o v e d a n y whit e m e t a l b ein g c l e a r e d o ut o f t h e
,

s li t ,
a n d t h e t e n d e n cy t h e n w ou ld b e fo r t h e h e a d

t o g r ip t h e whi t e m e t a l in d e p en d en t ly o f a ny p r e s
s u r e pu t o n t b t h e l a tt e r by t h e a dj u s tin g s c r e w s

a t t h e s id e . T h e n o s e o f t h e s pin dl e s h o uld b e
 L a t he Work fo r B egi nn ers
'

202

c w e d with t h e di e s
s re in ch s t a n d a r d thr e a d an d ,

a s t a n d a r d s t e e l l o ckn u t s h o uld b e d r iv en o n

tigh t ly t o t h e en d o f t h e thre a d T h i s l o ck nu t .
-

m a y b e f a c e d a s s o o n a s t h e t o o l r e s t a n d d r ivin g
-

m e ch a ni s m a r e c o mpl e t e d T h e m a in b e a r in g i s
.

a b e a r i n g o n ly ; t h e t h r u s t a n d e n d a dj u s tm en t o f

t h e s pin dl e a r e a ll a r r a n g e d fo r a t t h e o t h e r b e a r
i ng . T w o c o mm e r ci a l b a ll t h ru s t b e a r in g s o r c o l
l a r s fo r in ch s pin dl e a r e fit t e d o n t h e r e du c e d
di a me t e r o f t h e s pin dl e T h e s e a r e b r o ugh t up
.

t o t h e inn e r a n d out e r f a c e s o f t h e o ut e r b e a r in g
o f t h e h e a d s t o ck by d o u bl e n u t s
-
a n d wh e r e a
,

s c r e w c u t tin g l a t h e i s c o n s id e r e d a s a fin a l d e v e l o p

m en t o f t h e l a t h e t h e s pin dl e s h o uld b e l eft a b o ut

3
4 i n ch l o n g e r t h a n o r di n a r ily r e q u i r e d a t t h e

o u t e r en d . Th e t h r u s t h a vin g b e e n fit t e d t h e ,

pull ey m a y b e fix e d o n t h e s pin dl e W ith a r e a s o n .

a bly t r u e a n d cl e a n c a s t i n g t hi s n e e d o n ly t o b e

b o r e d t h e b elt f a c e s b e in g s ki mm e d up o n e by o n e
,

with a fi le a ft e r t h e l a t h e i s fitt e d u p If t h e b o r
‘

in g i s t o b e d o ne o n t h e l a t h e i t s e lf t h en a j u ry “ ”
,

pu ll ey m a d e o f w o o d mu s t b e r igg e d u p a s a l re a dy ,

m en ti o n e d a n d a f a c e pl a t e p r o vid e d o n which
,
-

t o b o lt i t . T hi s j o b h o w ev e r i s o n e which m a y
, ,

be “
d o n e o ut wi t h t h e dr illin g fo r t h e b e d b a r s
”
.

B y t h e tim e t h e l a th e h a s r e a ch e d thi s s t a g e s o m e
s o r t o f d r ivin g m e cha n i s m mu s t b e p r o vid e d Th e .
FI G . 1 56 — T h e c o n s t ru c t io n a l d e t a ils of t he a m
a t eur b en c h la t h e .
B uildi ng a n A ma t eur s M et a l ’
Turn i n g L a t he 205

1 56 . Th i s may b e use d
c o nj un ct i o n with t h e
in
b o rin g t a bl e o r by a r r a n gin g t w o s l a b s o f i r o n
,

a s s h o wn W ith a s qu a r e n e cke d
. in ch c a r r i a ge
b o lt a n d fl y nut a g o o d fixing m a y b e o bt a in e d
with o ut d a m a gi n g t h e s u r f a c e s o f t h e b e d b a r s .

T h e s qu a r e n e ck o f t h e b o lt s h o uld b e i n ch d e e p .

T h i s n e ck will t h en p r ev e n t t h e b o lt f r o m f a llin g
t h r o u gh t h e h o l e i n t h e t o p s l a b o f i r o n a n d y e t ,

a ll o w t h e b o lt t o d r a w d o wn o n t h e t e e r e s t f o r k -
.

F u r th e r by in clin i n g t h e f er k a t t h e f o o t o f t h e
t e e r e s t t h e l a tt e r s h o uld r e a dily s lid e un d e r t h e
-

h e a d o f t h e b o lt T h e s qu a r e n e ck a l s o h o ld s t h e
.

b o lt whil e t h e fly nu t (o r win g nu t ) i s b eing

tigh t en e d up Th e t e e r e s t m a y b e s wiv e l e d in
.
-

a n y d e s i r e d p o s i t i o n a n d t h e h e ight a dj u s t e d t o

r e q u i r e m en t s Th e t e e r e s t it s e lf i s b e s t c a s t in
.
-

m a ll ea bl e i r o n but it m a y o f c o ur s e b e built u p
, ,

o f r e c t a n g ul a r i r o n b a r a n d a pi e c e o f in ch .

r o un d s t e e l r o d .

A s a n imp r o v em e n t o n t h e t w o fl a t b a r s a b o r ,

i n g t a bl e i s illu s t r a t e d i n Fig s 1 5 2 a n d 1 5 6 . T hi s .

is a st e p in t h e di r e cti o n o f fin a lly m a kin g t h e t o o l

a s c r e w c u ttin g l a th e T h e s a m e s y s t em o f a dj u s t
.

in g t he b e a r in g o n t h e b e d b a r s a s u s e d in t h e
h e a d st o ck s pin dl e b e a r in g s i s e mpl o y e d T h e
-
.

c a s tin g is s a w e d a ft e r b o r in g a n d a f t er t h e in ch
h o l e s fo r t h e a dj u s t in g sc r e w s h a v e b e e n d r ill e d
206 L a t h e Wo rk fo r B egi nners

an d t a pp e d Th e l a t e r h o l e s it will b e no tice d
.
, ,

a r e d r ill e d a n d t a pp e d r igh t th r o u gh t h e u pp e r

sur fa c e .T hi s ma y a s we ll b e d o n e a t t h e o ut s e t
a s t h e h o l e s ma y b e s u b s e qu e n t ly f o u n d o f s e r vic e

in b o l t in g w o r k d o wn t o t h e b o r in g t a bl e T h e .

'

b o r in g t a bl e will r e qu i r e t o b e pla n e d fil e d o r , ,

tu r n e d up quit e t ru e with t h e su r f a c e o f t h e b e d
b a r s Th e t a bl e will j u s t swin g i n t h e l a t h e i t s elf
.
,

b ut un l e s s t h e i r o n i s v e r y s o ft it wo u ld h a r dly
d o t o a t t emp t i t . H o w ev e r wh en a s lide r e s t i s
,

m a d e t h e l a t t e r ma y b e rigg e d u p o n a t emp o r a ry
,

b o r in g t a ble a n d a c u t t a ken o v e r it s s u r f a c e F o r .

th i s wo rk t h e t a bl e s h o u ld b e b o lt e d t o t h e f a ce
pl a t e a ca s tin g fo r wh ich m a y b e o bt a in e d a t a ny
,

t o o l d e a l er T h e f a c e pl a t e c as t in g sh o uld b e
.
-

d r ill e d a n d t a pp e d in ch s t a n d a r d run o n t h e ,

n o s e t h e b o s s f a c e d a t t h e b a ck a n d t h e pl a t e t h en
, , ,

r eve r s e d T h e f r o n t o f t h e f a c e pl a t e m a y t h e n
.
-

b e fa c e d .

Th e b o r ing t a bl e h a s t w o lug s o n t h e f r o n t fo r
t h e b o lt h o ldin g t h e s lid e r e s t T h e s e h o l e s a re
.

u s e d o n ly wh e n l a r g e di a m e t e r w o r k s u ch a s b o il e r

s h e ll t u b e i s i n t h e l a th e b e in g s kimm e d u p o r

t ru e d a t t h e en d s A s t iff e r s upp o r t fo r t h e s lid e

.

r e st c a n b e o bt a i n e d by b o l t in g in t o e ith e r o n e .

o f t h e t w o h o l e s p r o vid e d i n t h e b o r in g t a bl e b e

tw e e n t h e b e d b a r s . i
 C HA PT E R XII
B UI LD ING A S I M PL E W O OD T URNING LA THE

Ma p le Bed Pa t t er ns C as t i n g s M a c h ini n g— A s sembly

At t ach m en t s .

T HI s C h a p t e r will b e d ev o t e d t o t h e c o n s t ru c
t i o n o f a n a m a t e u r s w o o d t u rn i n g l a t h e Th e
’ -
.

l a th e i s o f ve r y s impl e c o n s t r u ct i o n a n d h a s a
s win g o f 7 i n ch e s a n d a 3 f o o t b e d Th e pa tt e rn .

FI G . 157 — The com pl

et e a m a t e ur s
’
w o o d t urni n g la t h e
-
.

c an be m a de wi t h t h e fe w t o o l s f o un d in t h e a v e r “

ag e a m a t e u r s w o r k s h o p
’
.

Th e fi r s t th in g t o m a ke will b e t h e p a t t e r n s As .

o n ly a fe w c a s t in g s a r e t o b e m a d e t h e p a t t e r n s

c a n b e m a d e o f a n y w o o d t h a t i s h a n dy Th e pa t .

t e rn A Fig 1 5 8 a n s w e r s fo r b o t h t h e h e a d s t o ck
,
.
,
-

a n d t a il —s t o ck A s o lid o n e pi e c e p a t t e r n will d o
.
,

t h o u gh if a l a r g e numb e r o f c a s tin g s w e r e t o b e

2 08
B uildi ng a S i mple W oo d Turni ng L a t he 209
210 L a t he W o rk fo r B egi nners
"

m a d e it w o uld b e b e s t t o s plit t h e p a tt ern al ong

it s c e n t e r lin e . Th e c onn e ctin g pi e c e b e t w een t h e
t w o b e a r in g s i s t o p r ev e nt t h e c a s tin g f r o m s p r in g
in g a ft e r b e in g p o u r e d a n d a l s o t o p r ev en t s p r in g
in g whil e d r illin g o u t fo r t h e b ea r in g s A s ligh t
.

t a p e r sh o uld b e gi v en t h e p a tt e r n f r o m e a ch s id e
o f t h e c en t e r lin e t o f a cili t a t e t h e wi t hd r a w a l o f

t h e p a tt e r n f r o m t h e m o ld .

Th e ha n d W h e e l B i s u s e d a s t h e cl ampin g wh e e l
fo r s e cu ri ng t h e h a n d r e s t a n d t a il s t o ck t o t h e
-

b e d o f t h e l a th e . It i s a l s o u s e d a s t h e turni n g
wh e e l fo r t h e t a il s t o ck s pin dl e Thr e e ca s tin gs
-
.

a r e r e qu i r e d f r o m t hi s p att e r n a n d t w o fr o m t h e
/

p a t t e r n 0 If th e r e s h o uld h a pp en t o b e a n o ld
.

j un k ya r d a t h a n d t h e b uild e r m a y b e a bl e t o fin d
s o m e o l d wh e els a n d w a s h e r s th a t w o uld a n s w e r

t h e pur p o s e .

T h e c o n e pull e y p a tt e r n i s tu rn e d up t o t h e
dim e n s i o n s s h o wn T w o p ull ey c a s tin g s a r e r e
.

q u i r e d ; o n e fo r t h e l a th e a n d t h e o th e r fo r t h e

o u n t e r s h a ft o r s o u r c e o f p o w e r E i s t h e p a t t e rn
*
'
.

fo r t h e h a n d r e s t b o dy .

W h e n t h e p a tt e r n s a r e c o mpl e t e d th e y a r e t a ken
t o a f o un d r y a n d t h e r e qui r e d numb e r o f c a s ti n g s
o bt a in e d . W hil e w a itin g fo r t h e c a s t ing s w o r k o n
t h e l a th e b e d c a n b e s t a r t e d .

Th e l a t h e b e d o r w a y s a r e ma d e up o f t w o
, ,
 L a t he Wo rk for Be gi n n ers
'

212

t ip s
s r of g o o d cl e a r h a r d m a pl e fr e e f r o m kn o t s
, , ,

a n d s plit s . T h e dim e n s i o n s a r e 1 in ch t hick 4 ,

in ch e s wid e a n d t h e l en gth a b o ut 36 in ch e s If a .

l o n g e r b e d i s d e s i r e d t h e thickne s s sh o uld b e in
c r e a s ed t o a b o u t in ch e s A t r ip t o a ny w o o d
.

w o rking o r c a bin e t s h o p a nd t h e am a t e ur wi ll b e
a bl e t o o bt a in a pi e c e o f m a pl e a n d h a v e it pl a n e d ,

d r e ss e d a n d cut t o s h a p e a t sm a ll c o s t T h e b e n ch .

l eg s F a r e a l s o m a d e o f m a pl e T w o o f th e s e l eg s
.

a r e r e qui r e d a n d c a r e s h o uld b e t a k e n t o h a v e t h e

FI G. 160
.
-
T h e lat h e b e d a ss e mbled .

u pp e r p a r t which s ep a r at e s t h e t w o ways out t o

e x a ct s iz e a n d s qu a r e .

A in ch h o l e i s b o r e d t hr ough t h e h e a d s t o ck
—

l eg i n s u ch a p o s iti o n th a t it will c o m e in a lignm en t

with t h e in ch t a pp e d h o l e in t h e b o tt o m o f t h e
h e a d s t o ck T hi s
-
. in ch h o l e is r e c e s s e d a t it s
b o tt o m t o c l e a f a h a lf in ch nu t an d w a s he r s .

A f t e r t h e b e d i s c o mpl e t e d it i s w e ll s a n d e d a n d
giv en a c o a t o f cl e a r s h ella c t o p r ev en t w a rpin g .

I f m a pl e i s n o t a v a il a bl e g o o d cl e a r whi t e o a k
,
 B uildi ng a Si mple Wo o d Turn i n g L a t he 2 13

will a n s w e r t h e p u rp o s e T h e a ss embl e d b ed i s
.

illus t r a t e d in Fig 1 6 0 Th e m e th o d o f s e cu r in g
. .

t h e b e d t o t h e l e g s by m e a n s o f e ight in ch c a r
r i a g e b o lt s will b e s e en i n thi s ill u s t r a ti o n .

W h e n t h e c a s t in g s a r e o bt a in e d t h e fi r s t w o rk
will b e o n t h e h e a d s t o ck an d t a il s t o ck c a s t in g
- -
.

Th e s e t w o pi e c e s a r e s e t u p in t h e s h a p e r o r mill
i n g m a chin e a n d t h e o u t s id e en d s o f t h e b e a r in g s
f a c e d o ff T h e c en t e r s o f t he b e a ri n g s a r e l a id
.

o ff a n d c e n t e rpu n c h e d a n d t h e b e a r in g s d r ill e d o u t

b e tw e en c en t e r s i n a l a th e with a in ch d r ill .

T h e c e n t e r p i e c e i s n o w s a w e d o ff a n d t h e i n s i d e
e n d s o f t h e b e a r i n g s f a c e d o ff t o d im e n s i dn s
. Th e .

b e a ri n g s a r e r e a m e d o u t wi t h a i n ch r e a m e r

a n d t h e t w o c a s ti n g s a r e pl a c e d in t h e i r p r o p e r

r el a ti o n t o e a ch o t h e r u p o n a p i e c e o f in ch
s h a fti n g o r m a n d r e l T h e c a s t ing s a r e s e t up o n
‘

t h e b e d o f a pl a n e r mill e r o r s h a p e r a n d l e v el e d u p
'

,
.

wi t h t h e pi e c e o f s h a f t ing h o ldin g t h e f o u r b e a r
in g s in a lignm ent T h e b o t t o m s o f t h e t wo c a s t
.
-

in g s a r e t h en m a ch in e d t odim e n s i o n s .

O il h o l e s a r e d rill e d o ut in t he lug s o f t h e h e a d
s t o ck b e a r in g s fo r t h a t p u r p o s e T h e f ro n t lu g
.
,

o n t h e t ail s t o ck i s d r i ll e d a n d t a pp e d fo r a
-

in ch th re a d A cl a mp o r l o ckin g d evic e s h o wn in
.
,

J i s tur n e d u p a n d t h e n h e a t e d a n d b e n t t o s h a p e .

A pi e c e o f s o ft c o pp e r o r br a s s s h o uld b e in s e rt e d
214 L a t he Wo rk for B egi nn ers

b etwe en t h e cl amp a n d t h e t a il s t o ck spindl e t o

-

p r ev e n t s c o r ing o f t h e s pin dl e Th e r e a r b ea ring

.

o f t h e t a il st o ck i s t a pp e d o u t with a
-
in c h
9 t h re a d t a p H a lf in ch h o l e s a r e t a pp e d o ut a s
.

s h o wn

Th e h e a d s t o ck s pin dl e I i s tu rn e d u p f r o m a
-
-

pi e c e o f in ch m a ch in e s t e el an d h a s a i n ch
h o l e d rill e d cl e a r th r o ugh T h e s pin dl e i s 34
.

in ch in di a m e t e r and t h e n o s e i s in ch in
d i a m e t er a n d th r e a d e d 9 t h r e a d s to t h e in ch T hi s
.

en d i s r e a m ed o ut wi t h a No 1 M o r s e t a p e r r e a m e r
. .

Th e t a il s t o ck s pin dl e M i s m a d e f r o m a pi e c e o f
-

in ch s t o ck a n d i s a l s o in ch in di a m e t e r
e x c e pt t h e th r e a d e d p a r t wh ich i s in ch 9 ,

t h r ea d s
.

W h en tu rn in g up t h e s e s pin dl e s it i s b e s t t o
fir s t ac cu r a t ely c en t e r t h e pi e c e o f s t o ck a n d d rill
h a lf w a y t h r o ugh with a in ch d rill r ev er s e an d
,

the n d r ill th r o ugh fr o m t h e o th er en d If t h e .

s t o ck h a s b e en a ccu r a t e ly c e n t e r e d t h e t w o h o l e s

will m e et c o r r e ctly A f t e r d r illin g t h e l a s t h o l e

.

t h e pi e c e i s r e a m e d o ut wi t h t h e t a p e r r e a m e r a n d
th e n tu r n e d a n d fin i s h e d b etw e en c ent e rs .

T h e c o n e p ull ey L i s tu r n e d u p t o dim e ns i o n s
a n d t h e p ull e y f a c e s giv e n a c r o wn fi n i s h Th e.

widt h sh o uld b e su ch th a t it m ak e s a n ic e e a sy
r un n i n g fit b e tw e en t h e t w o b e a r in g s A ft e r
‘

.
2 16 L a t he Work fo r B egi n n ers

A l a t h e o f thi s t yp e will p r o v e v e ry s e rvic e a bl e

i n t h e a m a t eu r s w o r k s h o p e s p e ci a lly if h e a dd s
’

s u ch a t t a chm en t s a s a ci r c ul a r s a w a n d t a bl e jig
,

s a w a t t a chm en t ,
gr in din g t a bl e a n d s a n d di s c
wh e el buffing a n d em e ry wh e el a t t a ch m en t s et c
,
.
 C HA PT E R XIII
Ho w TO B UI LD A MOD EL RA PI D FIRE NAVAL
-
GUN

Gun Design— M ac h ini n g of Par t s— Us e of D Bit — Po lis h in g

-

Fin ish ing— A s s e mbly ,

et c .

W HE N the b e ginn e r l e a rn s h o w t o p r o p e r ly
m ani pul a t e h i s l a th e h e will n a tur a lly l o o k fo r
,

s o m e p r o j e ct o n which t o t ry h i s s kill F o r th i s .

re a s o n t h e a u th o r d e cid e d t o a d d a ch a pt e r d e

s c ribin g t h e m o d e l n a v a l g u n wh ich i s a d a n dy

s h o p p r o j e ct t h a t c o m e s wit h i n t h e s c o p e o f t h e

s m a ll l a t h e .

T h e b e a u tiful m o d e l illu s t r a t e d (Fig is .

th a t o f a s ix in ch n a v a l g un wh ich i nv o lv e s fe a
-

t ur e s o f b o th F r e n ch a n d A m eric a n o r igin T h e .

g u n i s tw e n ty f o u
-
r tim e s s m a ll e r th a n a r e gu l a r

s i x i n c h n a v a l g un
-

S in c e i t w a s c o n s t ru ct e d f r o m
.

m em o r y th e r e m a y b e m a ny p ar t s which a r e m o r e
,

o r l e s s o r igin a l W ith t h e b uild e r a l t h o ugh a t t h e ,

s am e tim e ,
t h e y s h o uld n o t b e fa r f r o m g e n e r a l
o r d n a n c e p r a ctic e On e g o o d f e a t u r e o f t h e g un
.

fo r th o s e w h o wi s h t o c o n s t r u ct it i s th a t i t i n ,

v o lv e s n o c a s t ing s o f a ny kin d a ll p a r t s b eing ,

c ut f r o m s o lid s t e e l o r b ra s s s t o ck .
 2 18 L a t he Work for Begi nners

Th e b a rr el o f t h e g un m e a s u r e s 8 in ch es in
l en gth witho u t t h e b r e e ch m e ch a n i s m T hi s i s .

s h o wn in Fig 1 6 2 I t h as a b o r e o f 25 in ch and
. . .

fire s a sta n d a r d 25 c a lib r e W in che s t e r c en t e r fi re

.
-

FI G . 16 1 .
-
Th e m
o de l ra p id fi
-
re gun .

bull et . Th e t o t a l l ength o f t h e b a r r el a n d b r e e ch
m e ch a ni s m i s 1 0 in ch e s o v e r a ll T h e b a r r e l i s .

tur n e d int o s h a p e f r o m a pi e c e o f 1 in ch c o ld
r o ll e d s t e e l s t o ck A t a p e r 5 378 in ch e s l o n g i s tu rn e d,
.

o n t h e b a rr e l . T h e muzzl e o f t h e g un a ft e r t h e ,
22 0 L a t he W o rk fo r B egi n n ers

thi s w o rk i s d on e t h e b a r r el o f t h e g un i s b o r e d
,
-

o ut . T hi s c a n b e d o n e wi t h a D bit o r i t m a y b e -

b o r e d in by a n ext e n s i o n d rill fix e d t o t h e en d o f
a s ilv e r s t e e l r o d G r e a t c a r e s h o uld b e u s e d in
.

b o r in g thi s a n d t h e dr ill s h o uld b e t a ken o ut fr e

,

qu en tly t o r em o v e t h e ch ip s O th e r wi s e t h e dr ill
.

will c a tch a n d b r e a k a n d t hi s will p r o b ably n e c e s

,

s it a t e t h e m a ki n g o f a n e w b a r r e l Pl en ty o f o i l
.

s h o u ld b e u s e d t o lub r ic a t e t h e d r ill a n d b ut a

s ligh t p r e s s u r e s h o u ld b e u s ed
‘

T h e b r e e ch h o u s in g (Fig 1 6 4 ) i s n ex t c ut in t o
.

s h a p e f r o m a pi e c e o f in ch s t e e l s t o ck T hi s .

i s chu ck e d o ff t h e c e n t e r a n d o n e en d o f it i s
,

t u rn e d d o wn t o a di a m e t e r o f 1 in ch e s A .

h o l e i s t h e n d r ill e d in th i s pi e c e in ch in
di a m e t e r t o r e c e iv e t h e b a r r el o f t h e g un A v e ry
,
.

cl o s e fit s h o uld b e p r o du c e d h er e a n d t h e b a r r el ,

o f t h e g un i s h e a t e d a n d s h r u n k i n t o t h i s h o l e .

T hi s o bvi a t e s a ll pinnin g a n d s c r ewin g wh ich i s

n o t i n a cc o r d a n c e with g o o d p r a ctic e i n t h e m a nu

f a ctu r e o f a rm s Th e build e r c a n n o w p r o c e e d t o
.

fin i s h t h e b r e e ch h ou s ing T hi s i s s a w e d o ut a n d
.

fin i s h e d with a file a s s h o wn in t h e d e t a il d r a w
,

in g . T h e in s id e width o f t h e b r e e ch i s in ch ,
,

a n d it m e a s u r e s 1 93 4 i n ch e s i n l e n gth wi t h o u t t h e ,

b a ck c o v e r pl a t e Th e c o v e r pl a t e i s cut in t o
.

s h a p e f r o m a pi e c e o f in ch s t e el a n d thi s i s ,
Ho w t o Bu ild a M o del Ra pi d Fi re Gun
-
22 1

na u se
a
2 22 L a t he W o rk fo r B egi n ners

held t o t h e b a ck o f t h e b ree ch h o u s ing with s ix

h ex a g o n h e a d m a ch in e s cr ew s which w e r e m a d e
,

e s p eci a lly fo r t h e g un .

I t will b e a dvi s a bl e t o p a s s o n t o t h e r em a in d e r
o f t h e g un l ea v i n g t h e b r e e ch m e c h a n i s m t o t h e
,

l a s t S t a r tin g with t h e b a s e o f t h e g un a n d build

.

i n g u p t o t h e c a r r i a g e w o uld p r o b a bly b e t h e m o s t
l o gic a l p r o c e dur e Th e b a s e (Fig 1 6 6 ) p r e s en ts
. .

a n ic e j o b in t u r n in g s in c e i t i s m a de fr Om a s o lid
,

pi e c e o f 4 in ch c o ld ro ll e d s t e el s t o ck If t h e .

bui ld e r d o e s n o t h a v e a l a t h e l a r g e e n o ugh t o
a cc o mmo d a t e s u ch a pi e c e o f w o r k o r if t h e j o b ,

of t u rning it l o o k s t o o big a w o o d en p a tt e rn fo r
,

t hi s p i e c e c o uld b e c a s t i n i r o n In thi s ev en t i t
.
,

w o u ld n o t b e n e c e s s a ry t o c o r e t h e p a tt e rn s in ce ,

t h e c e n t e r h o l e o f t h e b a s e in which t h e c a r r i a ge
,

i s r iv e t e d c o uld b e d r ill e d o ut with a

,
in ch drill ,

o r in t h e ev en t th a t s u ch a d rill i s n o t a v a il a bl e
'

t h e h o l e c o uld b e t u r n e d o u t o n t h e l a th e A s m a ll .

h o l e i s d r ill e d i n t h e b a s e a s s h o wn i n t h e d r a w
,

in g a n d thi s i s th r e a d e d t o r e c e i v e a 6 X 32 s e t
,

s cr ew . T hi s s et s c r e w h a s a h a n dl e b en t a t a n
a n gl e s o th a t it c a n b e tight en e d with t h e fin g e r s .

A s t e e l pi n i s d r iv e n in t h e t o p o f t h e b a s e a n d ,

thi s eng a ge s wi th a h o l e d rill e d in a 2% i n ch

s t e el g e a r wh ee l which h a s 95 t e e th
,
Th e c e n t e r
.

o f thi s g e a r i s d rill e d o ut with a in ch d rill s o ,

2 24 L a t he W ork fo r B egi n ners

th a t i t will slip o v er t h e s h a ft o f t h e m a in c a r ri a g e
f r a m e T hi s fr a m e p r e s ent s a g o o d j o b in tu rn
.

in g a n d c u t t i n g It i s w o r k e d int o s h a p e f r o m a
.

pi e c e o f 4 in ch s t e el s t o ck 4 4 in ch e s l o n g L ike
- 1
,
.

t h e b a s e a p a tt e r n fo r th i s p a r t icul a r m emb e r
,

c o uld b e e a s ily m a d e a n d a c a s ting o bt a in e d which

w o uld r e qui r e lit t l e l a b o r t o fin i sh t o t h e p r o p e r
dim en s i o n s A 3/1 6 in ch s h ou lde r with a di a m e t e r
.

of 1 in ch e s i s tu r n e d o n t h e b o tt o m o f t h e
/

c a r r i a g e f r a m e a n d t h e b r a s s g ea r c o v e r in g fo r
t h e l a r g e r g ea r wh e e l fi t s o v e r t h i s T h e ge a r
.

c o v er i s t u rn e d in t o s h a p e fr o m a pi e c e o f 273
-

in ch b r a s s s t o ck A s m a ll r e c e s s i s fil e d in t h e
.

p e r iph e r y o f th i s c o v e r s o th a t i t will n o t in t e r
f e r e wit h t h e s p u r g e a r o n t h e s id e which a c t u a t e s
,

t h e r a n g e by m e s h i n g wi t h t h e m a i n g e a r o n t h e
‘

b a r r e l T h e s p u r g e a r i s fix e d t o t h e e n d o f a
.

s h a f t wh ich i s h e ld t o t h e s id e o f t h e c a r r i a g e by

a s m a ll b r a ck e t which p r o vid e s t w o b e a rin g s fo r

,

t h e sh a f t On t h e o pp o s it e en d o f thi s s h a ft a
.
,

s m a ll wh ee l i s a r r a n g e d wi t h s ix s m a ll h a n dl e s o n

it s p e r iph e r y D e t a il o f thi s b r a ck et i s s h o wn at
.

t h e r igh t o f t h e m a in c a r r i a g e f r a m e I t i s fix e d
.

t o t h e s id e o f t h e c a r r i a g e by m e a n s o f t w o s m a ll
,

m a ch in e s c r ew s Th e C r a dl e fo r t h e b a r r el (Fig
. .

1 6 6 ) i s c ut f r o m a s o lid pi e c e o f b r a s s 1 in ch e s
s qu a r e . T h i s pi e c e i s d r ill e d o ut t o r e c e iv e t h e
How t o B uild a M o del Ra pi d -
Fi re Gu n 2 25
226 L a t h e Wo rk fo r B egi n n ers

c a r r i a g e o f t h e g un A ft er t h e h o l e is drill e d i n
.

pl a c e t h e t o p o f t h e c a r ri a g e fo r thr ee qua r t er s o f
, ,
-

i t s l en gth i s c ut a w a y T h e b e a r in g s fo r t h e b a r re l
, .

a r e pl a c e d o n th i s m emb e r a n d c o n s i s t o f t w o s t e e l

s tu d s in ch in di a m et e r an d p r o vid e d with a 1 0 32 -

t h r ea d which s c r ew s i n t o t h e s id e o f t h e c r a dl e
,
.

B e tw e en o n e o f t h e s e s h a ft s tu d s a n d th e b r a s s
c ra dl e a g e a r qu ad r a n t i s fixe d (Fi g
,
. T hi s
qua d a n t h a s a r a diu s o
r f 1 1
43 i n ch e s a n d c a n b e

c ut f r o m a 2 4 1 i n ch s t a n d a r d b r a s s g e a r T h e
.

t e e th o f thi s qu a d r a n t m e s h wi t h a s m a ll b r a s s
s pu r g e a r hich a tt a ch e d t o t h e e n d o f a h o r i
w,
i s

z o n t a l s h a ft th a t p a s s e s t h r o u gh t h e s m a ll s t eel

b e a r in g fix e d t o t h e m a i n c a r r i a g e o f t h e g un A t .

t h e o pp o s it e e n d o f t hi s s h a ft i s a s m a ll s t eel
wh e el which h a s h a n dl e s fix e d t o i t s p e r iph er y .

A gl a n c e a t t h e e l ev a t i o n e n d pl a n o f t h e g un will
m a k e t hi s f ea tu r e cl ea r It will b e s e en th a t by
.

tu rni n g thi s h a n dl e t h e gun c a n e ith e r b e el ev a t e d

o r l o wer e d A t t h e ex t r em e o f i t s el ev a ti o n t h e
.
,

b a r r e l o f t h e g u n i s a b o u t 4 5 d eg r e e s .

T h e g u n i s h e ld a t a ny el ev a ti o n by m e a n s o f a
s e t s c r e w which p a s s e s th r o u gh a sl o tt e d m emb e r
,

which h a s a r a di u s o f 1 in che s T hi s pa r
.

t i c ul a r pi e c e is s h o wn i n t h e d e t a il d r a win g (Fig .

1 6 5 ) i n t h e l o w e r r igh t h a n d c o r n e r .It h a s a h o l e
drill e d in it a t o n e en d in ch in di a m e t e r
L a t he W o rk for B egi nners
 Ho w t o B ui ld a M o del Ra pid Fi re Gu n
-
22 9

Th e re o c il s p rin g i s w oun d f r o m e ight een g a uge

s p r in g wi r e s o th a t it will fi t in t h e r e c o il ch a mb e r
, .

Th e b e a ring s o f t h e g un a r e m a d e o f c o ld r o ll e d-

s t o ck c ut f r o m a s o lid pi e c e . T h e s e r e s t in a s emi
cir cul a r r e c e s s in t h e g un c a r r i a ge Th ey a r e h e l d
.

in pl a c e with s p eci a l m a chin e s c r ew s p r o vid e d with

h ex a g o n a l he a d s T h e b ea r in g fo r t h e s id e o n
.

which t h e qu a d r a n t i s a t t a ch e d i s m a d e in ch
wid e t o c o mp en s a t e fo r t hi s pi e c e T h e b e a r i n g
.

o n t h e o pp o s it e s id e i s m a d e in ch wid e W ith
.

t h e a d di ti o n o f a s m a ll b r a s s c o ve r which s p r in g s
,

o v e r t h e b r a ck e t o n t h e i n s id e o f t h e g u n which
,

h o ld s t h e v e r tic a l b ea r in g fo r t h e r a n g e s pu r ge a r ,

t h e g un i s fin i s h e d with t h e e x c epti on o f t h e b r e e ch
h o u s in g .

T h e b r e e ch m e ch a ni s m (Fig 1 6 7 ) will n o w b e
.

de s c rib e d and t hi s i s r e a lly m o r e difficult t o d o o n

p a p e r th a n t o f o ll o w in t h e a ctu a l c o n s t r u cti o n .

T he m e ch a n i s m h a s b e en r e du c e d t o i t s s imp l e s t
‘

f o rm a ll unn e c e s s a ry p a r t s h a vin g b e en s up
,

p r e s s e d T h e fir s t thing t o d o will b e t o c ut a
.

r e c e s s o n t h e in s id e o f t h e b r e e ch h o u s in g . T hi s
r e c e s s i s c u t t o a d e pth o f a b o u t in ch a n d t a k es
t h e s h a p e s h o wn by t h e d o tt e d lin e in t h e d e t a il
dr a win g o f t h e b r e e ch h o us ing (Fig . T hi s
r e c e s s s h o u ld r e a lly b e c u t b e f o r e t h e b r e e ch h o u s

ih g h a s b e en s h run k o n t h e b a r r e l a s thi s will

230 L a t he W o rk fo r B egi n ners

f a cilit a t e w o r kin g wi t h a s m a ll ch i s e l by m e a n s
,

o f which t h i s r e c e s s i s c u t A . in ch h o l e i s
t h e n d r ill e d a s s h o wn a t A in t h e d r a win g . Th e
c r a nk o f t h i s c ra nk sh a ft i s o n t h e in s id e o f t h e
'

b r e e ch h o u s in g a n d r es t s in t h e r e c e s s p r evi o u s ly
c ut . T h e p r o j e c t i n g p a r t o f t h e c r a n k o n t h e in
s id e e n g a g e s wi t h a g r o o v e s l o t t e d di a g o n a lly

a c r o s s t h e s id e o f t h e b r e e ch bl o ck T hi s i s s h o wn
.

at B . T h e o ut s id e e n d o f t h e s m a ll c r a n k s h a ft -

a l s o h a s a c a m a r r a n g e m en t t h r o u gh t h e c e n t e r
“

o f which p a s s e s t h e o p e r a t in g l ev e l which a l s o a c t s

a s a s et s c r e w t h e h o l e b e in g d r ill e d in t o t h e
,

c r a n k s h a f t in t o wh ich t h e t h r e a d e d e n d o f t h e
,

l ev e r p a s s e s T h e c o ll a r o r c a m i s sh o wn cl e a r ly
.

in t h e d r a win g a t C a n d p r e s en t s b u t a n o r din a r y
l a th e j o b t h e r e gul a r p o r ti o n b e in g s h a p e d wi t h a
,

h a ck s a w a n d fi l e It will b e s e e n th a t by a c t u a tin g
.

t h e c r a n k s h a f t by m e a n s o f a l ev e r t h e b r e e ch will
,

b e c a u s e d t o m o v e d o wn w a r d un c o v e r in g t h e .

b r e e ch o f t h e g un No ext r a ct in g m e ch a ni s m i s
.

in clu d e d s in c e t h i s w o uld l e a d t o c o mplic a t i o n s in

c o n s t ru c t i o n .

T h e b r e e ch bl o ck i s s a w e d in t o sh ap e f r o m a
pi e c e o f c o ld r o ll e d s t o ck a n d if t h e bu ild e r h a s
-

a cc e s s t o a s h a p e r t h e j o b c a n b e d o n e mu ch m o r e

e a s ily b e s id e givi n g a m o r e a ccu r a t e r e s ult t h a n

,

w o uld o t h e r wi s e b e p o s s ibl e T h e dim en s i o n a n d

.
2 32 L a t he W ork for B egi nners

will b e n e c e s s a ry t o ann e a l it s o m ewh a t a n d th e n

h a r den it a ft er i t i s in it s fin a l Sh a p e T h i s s p r in g
.

i s in t e r p o s e d b e t w e en t h e b a ck o f t h e b r ee ch bl o ck
a n d t h e firi n g pin t h e p r o j e ctin g p o r ti o n s o f t h e
,

s p r in g fi t s i n t h e n o tch which i s fil e d i n t h e b a ck
,

o f t h e fi r i n g pi n R e f e r en c e t o b o th o f t h e s e m em
m
.

b e r s o n t h e d r a win g will ak e t h i s cl e a r W hil e .

t h e s p r in g i s s o ft a h o l e i s d r ill e d i n t h e b o t t o m
by mea n s o f which it i s s cr ew ed t o t h e b r e e ch
bl o ck o n t h e i n s id e .

By a ct u a t in g t h e s m a ll l ev e r u p o n t h e Sh a ft o n
wh ich t h e fir ing pin i s pl a c e d t h e s p ri n g i s c om
,

p r e s s e d b e t w e en t h e ba ck o f t h e firing pin a n d t h e
b r ee ch bl o ck A ft e r t h e s p r ing h a s b e e n f o r c e d
.

b a ck t o t hi s p o s it i o n it i s h eld in pl a c e by a s m a ll
,

c a t ch s h o wn a t H in t h e dr a win g (Fig
,
. Th is
i s pl a c e d j us t f o r w a r d o f t h e l o w e r p a r t o f t h e
fir in g pi n a t t h e b o t t om o f t h e b r ee ch bl o ck a n d ,

i s h e ld in pl a c e by a s m a ll s h a ft . T h e f o rwa r d
m o v em en t o f th i s l ev e r h o ld s t h e fir in g pi n i n a
c ocke d p o s it i o n by c a t ch in g in t h e littl e n o tch
Sh o wn in t h e d r a wing o f t h e fir in g pi n Pullin g .

thi s s m a ll l ev e r b a ckw a r d r el e a s e s t h e fir in g pin

a n d it fli e s f o rw a r d with a p r e s s u r e o f 7 lb s .
,

which i s n e c e s s a r y t o fi r e a 25 W in ch e s t e r Sh ell
. .

When t h e b r e e ch bl o ck i s m o v e d d o wn wa r d a t t h e
tim e t h e sh ell i s t o b e e j e ct e d t h e c a m a r r a ng e
,
 “

How to B ui ld a Model Ra pi d Fi re Gun

-
2 33

m en t o n t h e o utsid e o f t h e cr a nk sh a ft au t o m a
tic ally c o ck s t h e g un s o th a t it will b e r e a dy t o
fi r e wh en t h e b r e e ch bl o ck i s r e tu r n e d t o fi r ing
p o s iti o n T hi s it do e s by m e a n s o f a littl e c a m
.

a r r a n g em e n t o n t h e S h a ft o f t h e fi ri n g pi n which
,

f o r c e s t h e l ever f o rw a r d th e r eby c o mp r e s s in g t h e
,

fir ing pin A t t hi s tim e it will b e n e c e s s a ry t o

.
,

pu s h t h e lit tl e l ev e r f o rw a r d o n t h e b o tt o m o f t h e
b r e e ch which will l o ck t h e fir ing pin in a c o ck e d
p o s iti o n .

By c a r e ful s tu dy o f t h e d r a wing s an d ph o t o
g r a ph s th e s e d et a ils c an b e r e a dily un de r s t o o d
,

a n d a s s embl e d in t ellig e n tly by t h e c o n s t ru ct o r .

.T h e g un Sigh t i s c o mp o s e d o f t w o p a r t s t h e ,

f o rw a r d a n d a ft e r s ight T h e f o rw a r d s ight i s a
.

s m a ll b a ll in ch in di a m e t e r an d i s f a s t en e d
o n t o p o f t h e g un c r a dl e di r e ctly i n li n e with t h e

a ft e r s ight wh ich w a s c o pi e d f r o m a H o tchkiss

-

g u n . It i s Sit u a t e d o n t h e t o p o f t h e b r e e ch h o u s

i n g a n d h a s a s like with a s m a ll c a r r i a g e . It
t r a v el s in ch a n d i s o p e r a t e d by a l e a d s c r ew .

A V i s c ut o n t h e t o p o f t h e c a r r i a g e a n d wh en
t h e V is in lin e Wit h t h e b a ll o f t h e f o r w a r d s ight
t h e a pp a r en t r a n g e i s th en f o un d .
236 I ndex

C h o osing a Lat h e, 17 Dividers, Spring, 99

C h uc ks , 25 , 50, 6 1 , 97, 11 8 , 1 25 , D g L t h 1 10
o s, a e,

D ill C t ing 109

r ,
e n er ,

C h uc ks an d How t o Us e T h e m ,
D ill C h u k 1 1 8
r c ,

1 28 D ill G ug 98
r a e,

C h uc ks ,
mp iC o re ss o n , 50, 6 1 , 9 7 D ill g i di ng G ug 1 22
r -
r n a e,

C le a ra n in D ill
ce r s, 1 20 D ill N m f P t 12 1
r ,
a es o ar s ,

C o ll a r , Mi mt c ro e e r, 52 D ill P d 1 20
r a ,

C o mp o un d Slide R e s t , 28 D ill P
r L th U d
re s s , 1 18 a e se a s,

C o mp re s s io n C h u c , 6 1 , 1 2 5 k D ill R —g i di g 1 2 1 1 23
r ,
e r n n a, ,

C on ca v e C ut s in Woo d ,
1 71 D rilli n g B ra SS , 1 2 3
D illin g D i t i f 120
’

C one, 45 r ,
re c o ns o r,

C one B e a rin gs , 22 D illin g H l C wi 120

r o es ro ss se,

C one Pu lley , 21 , 1 9 3, 2 1 0 D illi g St l 1 23

r n ee ,

C o n st ru c t io n , Fe a t ure s o f, 21 D ill C l
r s, i 1 20e a ra n c e n,

C o nv e x C ut s, or B ea d s , 1 72 D ill R g i di g 1 21
r s, e -
r n n ,

C o pp er C up , p
S in n in g a
,
180 D i i g Pull y 37
r v n e ,

C o pp er, Lubric a n t fo r, 1 83 D i i g t h L t h 34
r v n e a e,

C o un t e rs h a ft ,
M o un t in g 35 ,
D umm d L t h Engli h 29
r on a e, s ,

C o un t e rs h a ft ,
Op e ra t io n o f, 36
C o un t e rs h a ft Sp ee d s , 38
Ec c e nt ric T urn in g on Fa c e
C o un t ers h a ft s fo r B en c h La t h e s
4 0, 4 1
,
pl at e, 1 39
Ele c t ric M o t o r Po wer, 38
C o un t e r -
we igh t , A d j ust a ble ,
14 2
En c losed G ea rs , 29
C ro s s C ut t in g , Ho w D one, 52
C ro ss Fee d , 5 3 F
C ro s s Fee ds , Aut o m a t ic , 50 Fa c e -
pl at e a nd It s Us e , 1 36
C up , C o pp e r, p
S inn in g a, 18 0 Fa c e -
pl a t e, Ec c e n t ri c T urning
C up , M o re Ela b o ra t e , 18 9 o n, 1 39
C up , T urn in g a, 1 33 Fa c e -
pl at e fo r W o o d Tu rn in g,
C ut t ers , G e a r, 6 1 16 8
C ut t ers , M illi n g ,
5 7, 5 8 Fa c in g Off a Pulley , 1 37
C ut t in g Ac t io n of La t h e ,
103 Fa c in g T o o l an d It s Us e , 1 14
C G e ars , 6 2
ut t in g Fe e d Ha n dle 51
,

C ut t ing Sh e e t M et a l, 1 4 3 Fe e d s , C ro s s , Aut o m a t ic , 50
C y lin der, B o ring a S a ll, 139 m Filin g At t a c h m ent , 76
Fin is h ing W o o d in t he La t h e ,

D 16 7
D B it , Us e
-
o f, 220 Flut ing Re a m e rs , 63
Di sc G rin der fo r S m a ll La t h e ,
Fo r m Bl c k f o or M et al Sp inn ing ,

1 25
 I ndex 23 7

G Ho les D rilled C ro s swis e t hr o ugh

Gas En gine Po wer, 38 Ro un d St o c k ,
1 20
G auge , Dp
e t h, 92 Ho llo w Sp in dl e 21 ,

G a uge , D
ril l, 98 Ho o k T o o l a n d It s Us e , 1 1 8
Ga uge , D
rill grin di ng, 1 22
-
Huh n La t h e 32 ,

G auge , T h re a d , 1 00
G auge , T h re a d t o o l, 1 54 -
I
G auges , Sn a , p I dling G e a r, 1 5 1
G ea r C u t t e rs , 61 In d e x He a d 8 2 85 , ,

G ea r, I dli n g, 1 5 1 In d e x H a d Imp o v is e d 77
e ,
r ,

G e ars , B a c k, 25 , 4 8 , 49 In d e x Pla t e s 6 1 6 2 1 5 2 1 53
, , , ,

G ears , C ut t in g , 62 In side T um in g , 1 1 8
G e a rs , En c lo s e d , 29
G ea rs , Ho w M e s h e d , 4 9 , 6 4 J
G luin g W o o d t o Siz e an d Sh a p m , Ho me
e,
Jig Saw At t a c h ent
16 9
m a de, 67
G o o d e ll Pra t t La t h e , 26
-

G o uge T o o l, 16 2 K
G re a s e , G e t t in g Rid o f, 34 Key w a y s , C
-
u t t in g , 85
G rin d e r, D
is c , fo r S a ll L a t h e , m
1 25 L
G rin d e rs , T o o l Po s t , Ele c t ric , 5 4 La t h e ,
B a rn e s , 23
G rin din g At t a c h e n t s , 6 8 m La t h e B e d s , 20, 22, 29 , 32 , 1 93,
G ro o v e r fo r M e t a l Spirmin g , 1 8 0
G ro o v e s , C ut t in g Semi c ir c ula r, -

La t h e C a re o f t h e 1 74
, ,

16 7 La t h e C h o o s in g a 1 7
, ,

G un D e s ign , 2 18 La t h e C ut t in g A c t io n o f 1 03
, ,

G un , n a Va l, m o de l Ra id fire , p -

La t h e d o gs a n d T h eir Us e 1 10
-

21 7 La t h e Driv in g t h e 34
, ,

H La t h e En glis h Drumm o n d 29
, ,

Han d C h a s er Us e o f 1 4 6 , ,
La t h e G o o de ll Pra t t 26
,
-

Han d T urnin g Pro c e dure 1 15 ,

La t h e Huh n 32
, ,

Han d T urn in g T o o ls 1 1 7 ,
La t h e M et a l T urn in g Building
, ,

Ha nge rs Sh a ft 36
, ,
a, 192
Hea ds t o c k 22 4 5 4 9 193 19 6
, , , , , ,
La t h e ,
M il lers Fa lls , 1 9
201 , 208 La t h e ,
M o un t in g a n d Lev elin g
Hea ds t o c k Be arin gs 4 7 ,
t h e , 35
Hea ds t o c k M o t o r 31 ,
La t h e ,
O ilin g t h e , 4 7 , 50, 5 2, 1 74
He a t T re a t men t o f M et als ,
1 79 , La t h e ,
Rugge d A a t eur, 32 m
184 La t h e ,
Riv et t Pre c is io n , 27
Hea v y T urn in g , 25 Lat h e , Senec a Falls , 20
23 8 I ndex

La t h e Set t in g Up t h e 34
, ,
M et a l T urnin g ,
a L es s o n in , 1 03
La t h e Simp le T y p e 19
, ,
M e t a l T urn in g La t h e ,
B uild in g
Lat h e St ark Pre c is io n 26
, ,
a, 1 92
La t h e t h e a n d It s Part s 4 5
, , ,
M et a l T urn ing
-
La t h e s ,
1 9—33,
La t h e Un p a c king t h e 34
, ,

La t h e W o o d T urnin g 157
, ,
M ic ro met e r C o lla r, 52 “

La t h e W o o d T urning B uilding
, ,
M ic ro me t er Re a din g, 96
a, 208 M ic ro me t ers 94 ,

La t h e W o o d
,
T urn in g, Pat t ern s M icro me t er Sc a le , Rea ding t h e,
fo r, 208 95
La t h e W o r k
Adv a n c ed, 1 28
,
M illers Fa lls L a t h e , 19
La t h e s ,
B en c h , 26 , 27, 29, 32, M illin g At t a c h men t s , 56
1 92 M illin g C ut t e rs 5 7 ,

Lat h es ,
C a t a lo gue s o f, 17 M illin g Vis e fo r 5 8
, ,

Lat h es ,
Fe a t ure s of C o n s t ru c Mo t o r in He a ds t o c k , 31
t io n , 2 1 , 1 5 7, 1 9 2, 208 M o t o rs fo r B e n c h La t h es , 4 1
Lat h e s M e t a l T urn i n g 1 9—33, M o t o rs St a rt in g Bo x fo r, 38
I

, , ,

M o un t in g a n d Lev elin g t h e
Lat h e s Price o f 1 7
, ,
Lat h e 35 ,

La t h es Sc rew c ut t in g 23 28 3 1
,
-

, , ,
M o un t in g Irre gula r W o o den -

La t h e s Wo o d T urn in g 19 1 5 7
, , ,
Pie c es , 1 6 9
L e a d S c e ws 2 3 4 9 6 4
r , , ,
M o un t in g t h e C o un t e rs h a ft 35 ,

Lea d Sc rew Sp ee ds 31 ,
M o unt in g W o rk t o b e B o re d 136 ,

Ligh t in g o f t h e La t h e 39 ,

Lin e Sh a ft 36 39 , ,

Line Sh a ft Ho rs e Po wer 38 , No s e of t h e La t h e ,
47
Liv e C e n t er 46 ,

Liv e Sp in dl e 4 6 , O
Lubric an t fo r C o pp er 183 , O ilin g t h e La t h e ,
4 7 50, 5 2, 1 74
Lubrica nt s fo r Bra ss a n d Z in c ,

1 88 P
M Pa d, D rill, 120
M a c hinin g o f G un Pa rt s , 2 19 Pa rt in g T o o l, 1 6 2
M a n drels a nd T h eir Us e 1 32 ,
Pa rt in g T o o l an d It s Use , 1 1 5
M ea surin g T o o ls an d T h e ir Use , Pa rt in g T o o l, Ho w U s e d, 18 3
86 Pa rt s , L at he, 45
'

M e shi n g o f G e a rs 4 9 ,
Pa t t e rn s fo r Wood T urning
M et a l Sp inn in g 1 76 ,
La t h e ,
208
M et a l Sp inn in g Sp ee d fo r 1 76 , ,
Pit c h of Sc rew, Fin di ng, 14 7
M e t a l Sp inn in g T o o ls fo r 180 , ,
Pla n is hin g T o o l, 1 8 0
M e t a ls Suit a ble fo r Sp inn in g 1 78 ,
Pla t es , In d e x , 6 1 , 6 2, 15 2
 I ndex

S pu r C ent er fo r W o o d Turnin g ,
T h rea ds , Int e rn al, C ut t in g, 1 50
1 59 T h re a d, U .S St an d a rd , 14 7
.

S qua an d Sc a le C o mbin e d
re ,
87 T o n gue T o o l, 1 8 0
S qua rin g Ho le s 8 5 ,
T o o l Po st , 5 1
S qua e Po in t T o o l 1 6 2
r ,
T o o l Po s t G rin ders , 5 4
St a k Pre c is io n Lat h e 26
r ,
T o o ls, C are o f, 1 75
St a rt in g B o x fo r M o t o rs , 38 T o o ls fo r M et a l Sp in nin g ,
180
St ee l, Ho w t o rill, 1 23 D T o o ls , Ha n d T urn in g 1 1 7 ,

St e e l, M ild , T h re a d in g, 15 6 T o o ls , Ho w t o Ho ld 1 6 1 -

St e e l, Po s it iv e R a ke fo r, 1 17 T o o ls , La t h e ,
and T h eir Us e , 1 03
T o o ls , M e asurin g, 8 6
T T o o ls , Sh a r p e n in g, 105 ,
b
T a le , B o rin g, Fla t , 30 T o o ls , W o od T ur nin g ,
16 2
T a ils t o c k 23 53
, ,
T ra y , As h , 1 8 7

T a il s t o c k O ff s e t
,
-

,
29 Turn in g a S m
Bra s s Pin , 105a ll

T a ils t o c k Sp in dl e 26 , 1 9 3 Turn in g, Ha n d , Pro c edure , 1 15

,

Ta p er T ur ni n g, L o ng, 53 T urn in g, He a vy, 25

Ta p e rs , T urn in g, 29 T urn in g , In side , 1 1 8

T ee -
re s t as U sed in Wo o d T urn Turnin g, M et a l, Les s o n in , 1 03
in g , 16 0 T urnin g, T a p e r, 53
T ee -
re s t fo r M et a l S innin g, 1 76 p T urn in g T apers , 29
T ee -
re s t Us e o f, 1 1 6 , 1 18 T urn in g, W o o d , 1 5 7
,

Te mp l at es as U se d in W oo d
T urre t fo r B en c h La t h e ,
66
T urn in g , 1 72
T hrea d C ut t in g C h asers , 14 6 U
T h rea d C ut t in g on Sc rew -
c ut Up n a c kin g t he La t h e ,
34
t in g La t h e , 150
T h re a d C ut t ing, O pe ra t io n o f, V
155 Ve n ier
r ,
M ic ro m e t e r 9 7 ,

T h re a d C ut t ing T o o l, Ho w Vis e fo r M illin g W o rk, 58

G ro un d, 1 54
T h re a d C u t t in g wit h o ut At W
t a c h men t , 1 23 Wood T urn i n g, 1 5 7
T h re a d G auge , 1 00 Woo d T urnin g La t h e ,
B uil ding
T h re a d T o o l, B ent , 156 a, 208
T hr e a d T o o l G auge , 154 w o o d T u rn in g La t h es , 1 8 , 1 5 7

T h re a din g B ra s s , 1 5 6 W o o d T urn in g T o o ls 1 6 2 ,

T h re a din g C a s t - iro n , 1 56 W o o d s Us e d in T urnin g, 1 6 7

T h re a d in g M ild St e el, 1 5 6
T h re a di ng, S p eed R e du c t io n in , Z
1 56 Z in c , Ho w t o S in , 1 85 p
 A
PR C TIC A L BO O KS FO R PRA C T IC AL
A ny o f t h e se b o o ks w ill b e s e n t p re p a i d
t o a n y p ar t o f t h e w o rl d c
o n r e e ip t o f

c
p ri e m
R e it b y D ra ft , Po s t a l O r e r . d
xp d d
.

E re ! s O r e r o r Re g is t e re L et t er .

Publis hed a nd Fo r Sa le by

T HE NO RM A N W HENL EY .

PU BL IS HING C O .

2 W est 45t h St re et , New Yo rk U S A , . . .

 I ND E X TO S U B JE C T S

A cid t
c en s Ma n ua l g
T ra i n i n 32
Ai r B k ra 25e M a r in e g g
En in e e r in 32
A i h m ic
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S h p P c ic 28 2 9 30 31
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“ A ny o f t h ese b o ok s w ill b e s ent pr e p a i d t o a ny

p a rt o f t h e w orld, on r e c eipt o f pric e .

B EMI I ‘ by ’
D r a ft Po st al M oney O r d e r, E x p re s s
,

Money O r d e r, or by R eg is t ere d M ai l .
! ue s t io n s a n d A n s w er s Rela t in g t o M o d e rn A ut o
mo b i le p
C o n s t ruc t i o n , D ri v m g a n d R e a ir .

By V I C OR W P E A Tlf d c t m b ili g w i h AG se e u at o r o n a u o o n t
q l T h i p c ic l c i f
-
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ou t an e uai i f s ra t a t re a t se ons s ts o a s er es o
v l— c v i g wi h v q i
.

t hi y rt se en essons , d o er n t o er ue s t o n s an
m b il it c ci p i
-

th i e rw h ans e rs t e a ut o o e, s o n st ru t on, o er at o n
an d p i T h bj c m a r. i b l ly c c d e su e t at t e r s a s o ut e o rr e t an
x pl i d i impl l g g I f y c
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ll Of
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th f ll w i g q i
e o o d t hi w k Th
n w ues t o n s , you nee s or e ans e rs
m f di i pg
.

t o h td es e tan b o re a re o e o un n t s a es .
Giv h m Of ll imp e t e p Of
na m b il es a o r t a nt a rt s an a ut o o e
an d d c ib h i f esci rD c ib c i Of l
e t p
e r un t o n s. es r e a t on at e st ty es
o f k c b er o s en e Wh t i t h d iff c b w ar ur et o r s a s e e re n e et e en a
d bl ig i i m d d l ig i i m
.

“ ” “ ”
ou e n t on sy st e an a ua n t on sy s t e
N m p i d c i c il H W v lv im d ? ,

a f e a rt s o an n u t on o O a re a es t e
Wh t i l c ic m d h w d i w k
.

a s an e e tr ot or st a r t e r an o o es t or ?

Wh t dv g O f w m d iv g i g N m ll
a a re a an t a es or r e ear n ? a e a
i mp p Of b ll d — ll b i g W h i
o rt a n t t y es a an ro er ea r n s at s a
q i g xl ? A w v
.

“
h t ree fl ua rt er
”
o at n a e et c et c ns e rs e e ry
q i kd l i g md m b il A p p
-
. .
,

ue s t o n h as e re a t n to t e o e rn a ut o o e. o u
l w k
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a o u ar r e. ot a es,
3 f ld i g p l N w Ed i i j ,

3 8 7 i ll t ti us r a o n s, b o n at e s . e t on us t pu
li s h e d . Pr i c e ,

Ho w m b il e to Run an A ut o o .

B y V C OR W P Thi I i T giv c ci i AG IE s t re at se es on se n s t r uc
i g i g ll m k f g
. . .

ti fons d or li
st art n an r un n n a es ne a ut o
m b il h c f h m d giv d i i c iv f
a o aso
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Of c D c ib v p f h if i g g
o ,

l o n t ro es r es e e ry st e or s t n ears con
lli g gi Am g h ch p
.

t n en i ne , etc. on t e t e rs
a cont a ne
A m bil P t
ro a re
I d Th i ut o F ci II oG e ar s an e r un t o n s e n e ra l
S i g— d D ivi g I ci T p ic l C
. . .

t a rt n I II an r n n s t ru t o ns y a o n t ro l
S m Cl Of A t m b il T h gh ly ill t d
. .

yst e s a re u o o es . o ro u ust r a e 1 78
p g 72 i l
.

a i es, P i us t r at o n s . r ce,

T h e M o d e rn M o t o r T ru c k , I t s D e s ig n, C o n s t ruc
p
t i o n , O e ra t i o n a n d R e a i rp .

B y V I C OR W P G E J T ff h p d t ll A ust o t e re s s an r e at s on a
t p Of m c k d i d i l t ct
. .

y t
es ot or d il ru s an n us t r a ra or s an t ra e rs
c id p Of t ck g li l c ic
.

I t ll ons e rs d a d ty es ru s, as o ne an e e tr an
ll v i i
a f t ck b d i T h i b k i w i i l
ar et e s o ru o es s oo s r t t en n an
g g v y d d di
.

ua e e er i
on e f c an un e rs t an an s n ot n a ny s en s e o
h t w d t ch i c l
e or i It i a p c ic l v l m h
e n a t re a t s e . s a ra t a o u e t at
w ill m k p ci l pp l t t h a e c k d iv w h
s e k a a ea o e t ru r er o s ee s to
b hi p ii
et t e r d th s m ch i c c h g d w i h h
os t on an t o e e an ar e t t e
p i d p k p O f ck T h f c y b i
re a r an u eexc t ru s. e a t or or us n e s s e e
iv w h Ob i c mpl w ki g k w l dg f
_

ut w e t o an t s o ta n a o et e or n no e e o
tck Op i p b l m w ill fi d h i b k
ru e rat o n f c w k ro e s n t s oo a re e ren e or
Of g vl Th
re at t ck l m a u e. t m b il d l e ru s a es an or au o o e ea er
w ill fi d t h t t h i w k c n i i f m i a th t m s or ont a n s n or at on a eans
m h m
o n ey A ll g g d v ic
to t ie m h ld a ra e an s er e s t at on en s ou
h v c p f thi b k f f c bc ck
.

o y t o s oo or r e e r en e e a us e ru c on
c i d i ff f m p g d ig i m imp
a e a
s t ru t on ers ro a s s en er c ar es n n an y or
t an tpc A r es wh d hi b k i i
e t s. cih w i h ny o n e o re a s t s oo s n t ou t
ll h p c ic l f
t e h t h vra b t td t a l e a t u r es t a a e ee n es e o ut n re a
a
vic J t I d Cl h 6 x 9 8 00 p g 7 50 ll
s er e. us s s ue .
-

ot , , a es ,
o

i us
t r a t io n s . Pric e,
G a s o lin e bu e t o s C o n s t ru t io ii
a nd Ke r o s en e C ar r r ,
c ,

I n t all a t io n a n d A d j us t m e n t
s .

By V I C OR W P G E T A ll l d i g t y p O fc b t A ea n es ar ure o r s a re
d c ib d i d il p ci l b i g giv h f m
. .

in et a s e a at t en t o n e n en to t s
C b
es e or
d vi d c h p f l ch k
r , e
e se h to us e t e ea er ue s su as ero s e n e . ar u re
t i on bl f l t ro u es , m bl c b pi ue d s y st e t ro u es, ar u re t o r re a rs an
i ll i
ns t a l c t i c p im
at o n , e d c m iz h p m i e r r ers an e o no e rs , ot s ot an
f ld d l l m d c b
o s an ad v l pm i c id d o ern ar uret o r e e o ent s a
'
e ons e re
i n h a gh m t orouM h d Of dj i g ll p Of an n er. et o s a us t n a ty es
c b ur e t o r s a r e f ll d i c d w ll
u gg i f us s e su es t on s
c i g m xim m f l c m d Ob t i i g h igh
ar y s as e as or
s e ur n a u ue e on o y an a n n est en

g p w 2 5 0 p g 8 9 ll t i
i ne o e r.
”

P i a es , i us r a t o n s . r c e,

A ut o m b il e St a t in g L ig h t in g and I g nit io n Sy s
o r ,

t ems .

By V I C OR W P é T A p ct i c l t t i l t t AG ra a re a se on at e s au o
m b il i g li g h i g d ig i i m p c ic T h i
. .

o e s t a rt n t n an n t on sy st e ra t e. s
p c ic l v l m h b w i w i h p c i l f c t
.
,

ra t a o u e as een t t en t s e re e r en e o
qi m d d i i g il d d
r a
t h e re f h
u re ent s o t e r ea er es r n ea s un e r st o o
xp l y m l i g ll t p Of m b il l c y
.

e a nat o r at t e r r e at n to a y es a ut o o e e e
tr i l ca m I sy s t e b d db s. v wi h t c an e un erst o o y an y o n e , e en t
o ut l c ic l k
e e w l dgtr bc a l m y l c ic l p i
no e e, e a us e e e e nt a r e e tr a r n
c ipl es c id d b fare mp i m d
ons di c
er e e o re any a tte t s a e to s us s
f e a t ur e sf h v i o m T h b ic p i cip l
t e a r o us s y st e s ese as r n es are
cl ly d d i ll d w i h imp l d i g m A ll h
.

ear s t at e an us t r at e t s e a ra s t e
l di g m Of i g l ig h i g d ig i i h v b
.

ea n sy st e s s t a rt n t n an n t on e en
d w it h t h c p i O f t h x p
a e
d c ib d d ill
es r e an u s t ra t e
,

e oo erat o n e e e rt s
e mp l d b t h m f c
oye yOv 2 00 w i i g d i g m
e an u a t u rer s er r n a ra s
b h c h ic l d ch ic l f m C m
.

a re h w s i o n n ot te n a an n on t e n a or s. o

pl d i giv f l c i g t b l i ll
et e at a s m h
en or o at n ro u es n a s y st e s, t e
v i p b i g c id d i i l w
‘

xp t l ct i c l k wl dg l g11 ig i i y m
ar o us st e s f
e n h ons ere n a ca ay or t o se
wi h t t ou e er e e r a no e e. n t on s st e s
re c v f ll c i d i
ei e u i g wi h t h ons imp l t b e ra t o n , s t art n t e s es at t ery
an d c il f m of d l or c t th m d s h t
o un on e ar y ars o e o e rn s or
c t c im
on a d m g t
t t m t h d d w i h t h l t igh
er an a ne o e o s us e t e at e s e t
an d t w lv c li d em F ll d i c i
e y n giv f er o t o rs . u re t on s a re en or
m k i g ll p i d c mp l ci f l c i g
-

a n a i re a rs an o et e n s t ru t o n s or o at n
t bl wi h m
ro u es Thi b k i t lly c mp l
e t e rs . s oo s un u s u a o et e , as
it l i cl d
a so d c ip i n f v i
u cc i p d
es es r t ons o ar o us a es so r es o e r at e
b y e l c ic c e tr c h l c ic l g h if b k c
ur r e nt su as e e t r a ear s t s, ra e a t ua
ig li g d v ic v lc i z d d ,

i
t on, s na n Thi i h e es , u an e rs , et c . s s t e st an ar
b k hi onbj c I i
t d f i ci p p i
s su e t t s us e or n s t ru t o n ur o se s n
v oo
m b il ch l d c ll g i h i c Ov
.

e a ut o o e s oo an o e e n t s o un t ry . er
8 00 p g 4 92 p i l l m d g vi g d w i i g d i g m
e ry
a es , s ec a a e en ra n s an r n a ra s.
N w Ed it i
e R vi d E l g d
on , P i e se an n ar e . r c e,

A ut o m o il e b W el d in g w it h the O x y—
A c e t y le n e
Fla m e .

By M U Hi Ex p l i
KEI TH D
i imp l m N AM . a ns n a s e a n n er ap
p d c c c c
.

b
a r a t us d h w
to e us e ts ar e , an to o n s t ru t
c l w ld i g O f
o ne es sa ry
h p P c d
,

s o i m e h u p h ent ro ee s t en t o t e a t ua e n a ll
m d d b v
.

a ut om l p i o i e l b a rt s , n a an n er un e r s t an a e y e e ry o ne .
Gi p m pl
v es b f r T hi b
cz k i Of es n e v er to e o r g o t t en s ut
v l i c h p p l xi g p b l m i li g wh m
. oo s
m o st a ue, s n e t e er e n ro e s ar s n en et a l
i h d m li g p i
e at e f ll xp i d d
to a e t n o nt a re u y e a ne an t he
p p m hd
s
ro er v c m h m h w 16 7 p g f
et o s to o er o e t e
‘
s o n. a es , u lly
i ll d
us t ra t e . P i r c e,
A ut o mo bil e Repa iring M ad e Ea sy .

By VI C OR W P CE A
T h g hl p c ic l b k A t i t o ro u y ra t a oo c on a n
g c mp l d c m ki g p i , .

in o f et e i re ll t i o ns
f h or a n re a rs to a art s t
m ot orm c h i m W
c ar i i e h b
an s r t t en n a t o ro u ut non
o e

ch c l m G iv p l f w k h p c g
ci
.

te ni a an n e r . es an s or or s o o ns t ru t o n
gg i f q ipm
su e st o n s pw d d m ch i
or e u ent o er nee e a n e ry an
l c y c
t oo s ne b i
e s s ar cc f ll T ll h w
to a r ry on
,

us n e s s su ess u
,

y e s o
v h l d p i ll p m b il T h
.

t o o er au f anll re a r a a rt s a ut o o es
g iv i f d d p c i c l x p i c v
o a e
i f m i
.

n or at o n en s o un e on ra t a e er e n e, e e ry
hi g i
t xp l i d
n s imp le h m ia ne d d so s y t at o t o r st s an st u ent s c an
cq i
a f ll w ki g k w l dg f
u re a u m b il p i i g or n no e e o a ut o o e re a r n
w k d li g w i h p i i g c v c p
.
,

O h t er or s eal i n t re a r n o er on y ert a n a rt s
f h
o — hi w k
t e c ar wi h h t gi h c id
s or st art s t t e en ne , t en ons e rs
b i i g i i c li g d l b i c i
c ar ur e t o n , n t on, m Th oo n an u r at o n s y st e s e
l ch ch g p d g i g d mi i m
.

c ut an e s ee ea r n an t ra n s ss on syst e a re
id
c o ns d i d il C i i c i f
,

e re n et apii g o nt a n s nst ru t o ns or re a r n
p Of x l i g g ch i p
.

a ll ty es d a h es , s t e er n ea r s an ot er as s s a rt s .
M bl h c
a ny ta fig i g d l f p c ic
es, s o rt ut s in ur n an r u es o ra t e
giv f h m c h ic Exp l i f ll v lv d m g
a re en or t e e an a ns u y a e an a
im i g i g gi m ic l c i Of b l
.

“ ”
n et o t n t un n en nes , sy st e at o at on t ro u e,
p i Of b ll d ll b i g h p ki k fi
re
,

a an id ro er ear n s o n s, rs t a to
i j d d m l i d Of bj c f
a r ,

n u re an a ll i
u t tu h e su e ts o to a
i n t e re s t n t e
g d pi b i an Thi b rek l c i S p ci l
a r us n es s s oo a so o nt a n s e a
El c ic S
g e
ci i g L igh i g d Ig i
a ra .
.

I n s t ru t o n s on e S tr t art n t n an n t i on ys
te m T i R p i i g d R b ild i g A g e a r n W ld i g an e u
,

n ut o e n o u s e n ,
d S ld i g Of S l L
re
B zi g
s, ,

n H an T m o er n ea t re at en t t ee , at es t
T im i g P c i c E ig h d T w lv C l i d M
ra ,
‘
n ra t e, t an e e y n er o t o rs , et c
v G S ck
-
.
,

Y J b if
“ ”
etc w il l ou ne w er et tu on a o you o n
b k p ci ll m d g v g 500 p l
.
.

thi s oo S e a y a e en ra in s on at e s

p g (5% x N w Edi i
. .

a es P i e t on. r c e,

T h e M o d e l T F o rd C I t s C o n s t ruc t io n , O e ra a r, p
t io n a n d R e a ir , In c lud in g t h e F o rd s o n Fa r p m
T ra c t o r , F A L i g h t in g a n d S t art in g Sy s t e
. . m ,

Fo rd M o t o r T ru c k .

By VI C OR W P E T h i i h m T m l d p AG s s t e o st co p et e an r ac
ic l i c i b k v p b li h d F d
. .
_

t a n s t ru t o n h d oo e er u s e on t e or c ar an
F d or c A ll p
so n Of h F d M od l T
t ra t o r d art s t e or e c ar an
c d c i b d d i ll d i c mp
.

F d or son t ra t o r a re es r e an us t rat e n a o re
h i m
en s v e Th c c i i f ll
an n e r . d d e o n s t ru t on s u y t re a t e an Op
i g p i c ip l
c rat n m d cl v
r n C mpl i e a e ea r to e e ry o ne o et e n
d iv i g d p i i g giv T h N w
.

i f
s t ruc t o n s or r n an re a r n a re en O t e e
R vi d Ed i i m b dd d F d T ck
.

e se h h
t on at t e r as e en a e on t e or ru
an d T c C v i S ra d G
tor i F d T c
on e rs o n et s an e nu n e or so n ra
t o r.All p d c ib d A l l p i p ca rt s il l a re d es r e re a r ro esse s u s t r at e
d f ll xp l i d W i d d—
. .

an u y ll
e a ne r t t en so a c an un e r s t an no
g w k N w v i d d l g d Ed i i
.

t h e o ry , no ue s s or e re se an en a r e t on
j p bli h d 1 53 ill 4 10 p g 2 l g f ld i g
.

ust u i s e us t ra t o n s , a es, ar e o n
pl at es . P i
.

r c e,

A ut o m o b ilis t ’
Po c k e t C mpanio n an d Ex p ens e
’

s o
Re c o rd .

By VI Ci OR W P é T h i T aG s b k i
oo l v l bl s n ot on y a ua e as a
v c c d c i m c h i f m i Of
. .

c on b
e n en t o st re or ut ont a ns u n or at o n
l
v a ue t o m i I cl d o t o r st s ; n
,

u es c d d d ig Of on l w ense est a ut o s
f ll S A c ll c i f p c ic l f c f h v
a
o a t at e s o e t on ra t a a ts or t e e e ry
C v i p
o
d y m ck i z
.

a i o t o r st . on en ent o et P i s e. r ce ,
 A VI A T I O N

A B C o f A via t io n .

By A T C P
V W PA E
Of v d c b cpi Gll T h is o ok b
e s r i es t h e b a s i r n
b d g b m d
. . .

C i p es l te s a i at i o n , h ow a a ll o o n o r i r i i le is
an d wh
y it fl
o at s i h
n t e c b.

p fli a e
a ir D e s r i e s h o w a n a i r la n e
d d iff p Of i pl
es . .

I w
t s o s inh il
et a h
t e e re n t a rt s an a r an e , what
h
t e y a re a n d wh at th ey d o D c ib
es r es all p
t y esOf i pl
an e s
d c c d i li g h
a r .

an d h w h
o t ey ff
i er i n i
o n st r u t o n ; a sw ll e as et a n t e
d
a v a n t a es a n d d i dv
sa g Of diff
ant a es ere nt p Of i c f
t y es a r ra t
c mp l d ic i Of v i i m d cl
.

I l
t i nc u es a o et e t o n a ry a at o n t e r s an e ar
d wm g O f l d i g i pl d will fi d imp l
.

ra s Th ea n a r a ne s . e r ea er n s e
ci f
I n s t ru p cki g t i g
o ns d iggi g i p lor un a n s et t n up an r n a r an es.
A f ll d c ip i Of i p l c
u es l p i c ip l
r i g iv t on d a r
,

an e o n t ro r n es s en an
m h d et f fl i g o di c
s d l gh o y n a re s us s e at en t
Thi b k v yq i k b
.

w s oo a ns m d
e rs e e r ue s t o n o n e c a n as a o ut o
e rn i c f h i a r c c ra d Op t,i 2 75 p g
t e r o ns t ru t i o n an e r at o n a es ,
1 30 p c i lly m d i ll wi h 7 pl
.

s e i a P i a e us t r a t o n s t a t es . r c e,

A iat io n E ng in e s— D e s ig n ; C o n s t ruc t i o n ; R ep i
v a r.
B L U T V C T O W P G E Av i i S c i
y IE I R A at o n e
'
t on ,
m l g i c ll g d ll d c i p i v m ,
. .

Th e i at t er s i a y a r r an e ; a es r t e at t er s
x p d d c p i l i ll
o
simp l e dress e h an o o us y us t r a t e so t at a ny o n e
c a n un d d i ply
gi Op i
e r s t an d p i v if a r a ne en ne e rat o n an
,

re a r e en
wi h t p vi m ch ic l i i g T h i w k i i v l
o ut re o us e an a t ra n n s or s n a
bl f d ii g bcm v vi
.

na e or a ny o ne es r n to e o e an a i at o r or a at i o n

m c h ici 5 76 p g
.

2 5 3 i ll i P i us t r at o n s .
‘

e an an . a es, r c e,

A viat io n C h art .

By L UT V CTO W P fi A l g ch t li i g ll
IE I R AG ar e ar o ut n n a
Of y p ic l i p l p w l
. . .

h wm g
.

p a rt s a t h a a r an e o er an t s o t e pO i n t s
b l i p t cc dp gg g m d f , o

wh ere t ro u e s a t o o ur an su es t i n re e i es or

th c mm d f c I d d p ci lly f v
e o on e e d ts nt e n e es e a or a i a t o rs an
m ch ic d fi ld d
.

i i
a v at o n h l e an s on sc oo an e ut y .

P i 35 t r c e, c en s

A pplied A ero dyn amic s .

By G P T HOMP O T hi i ci t ific d m t h m ic l S N s s a s en an a e at a
t i h
r ea t s e h p ci l pp l t t h d
.

t
.

at d g
as a s
.

e a a ea o e st u ent an en i ne er

wh o e ki g xc i f m i
a re s h e e d m c Of
n e a t n or at o n on t e a ro yna i s

h vi c ft d —d i pl d g g .

ea h i t an a r ra an at a on a r an e es i n t est i n
O f h xi i g
er
T h i b k giv d p
- -
.

s p oo i es an u to at e r e s e n t at on t e e st n
f A ic l S ci c I dd it i t v y f ll
-

s t at e o e r o n a ut a en e. n a on o a er u
d i c i Of h q li i w h ic h d t m i h p d d
s us s o n t e ua t es e er ne t e s ee an r at e
o f c limb f pl d th m h d b w h i—ch t h y
o an ae ro a ne an e et o y e c an
b c lc l
e d p ci l
a i
u at e i p id b ili — p b l ms e a at t ent on s a t o st a ty a ro e
w f i l w ll d d d t c t l l b i li y k wl
,

no a r y e un e rst o o an o o n ro a t o ur no
e dg f w h ich i p
e O i m ch m l m st at re s en t
,

n a u ore e e en t a r y st a e.
A i i di c d t h m
t t e nt o n d i c i i w h ich
s re te o t e nu e r o us re t o ns n
f h i f m i i q i d p ci lly i h f m Of
u rt e r n at on s re u re es e a n t
f ll c l xp im
or e or
312 p g d wi h ,

u s a e ( 7 1 0)
e I ll er ent s a es x us t r at e t
v 1 42 D g m d G p h ic C h t
-
. .

o er ia P i ra s an ra ar s . r c e,

G l o s s a y o f A v ia t i o n T e r m s — E n g l is h F r e n c h ;
r -

F e n c h En g l i s h
r -
.

A c mp l gl y Of p ct i ll ll m
o et e d i vi o s sa r ra ca y a t er s us e n a a
t h vi g li
i o n, i b h F a
c h d En gli h w i h q iv l
st s n ot ren an n s t e u a ent s
in i h e l g g c mp l d by V CTO W P
t er an d P UL
ua e o
.

i e I R . aG i:
’

an A
M O NTA RI OL . P ri c e ,
 B R A Z I NG A ND S O L D E R I NG

Bra z in g an d S o ld ering .

By JA E S F M '
OB
H ART T h e
o n ly b o o k t h at sh ows y ou us t j
b g d g d cm
. .

h o w t o h an l e a n y j o b o f raz in o r s o l e r in t h at o es
g
a lo n ; i t mx
t e l ls y o u w h a t i t u r e t o us e , h o w t o a e a mk
f c d F
u r n a e if y o u n e e b k k o ne u ll o f v a lu a le in s T he th fif
d Of b k j b p b d mc
. .

e it i o n t h is oo h a s ust e en u li s h e , a n d t o it u h
new m g mb d f m
a t t e r a n d a la r e n u e r o f t e st e or ul as fo r a ll
d d flx
kin s o f s ol ers an d v b dd d u es h a e ee n a e 35 c e n t s .

S o l d ering an d B ra z ing .

By MO DRAY N RA N I S YA ES F C T
T h is t re at is e i e s al l t h e gv
k
n e ce s s ary
“
in s
”
k
t h a t w i ll e n a l e o n e t o a
'

b
o l is h s u c
.

cc mp
d
c e s s fu l s o l e r i n If a e h an i g mc c
h a s n o t s u ee e in h i s cc d d
d g b k j d
.

s o l e r in , t h is oo m a y t e l l h im u s t w h a t h e n e e s t o
p dc g d
ro u e oo wor so e t h in k m g
t h a t h e m ay h e r e t o o r e h a e f v
f g
-“

or o t t en . Pri c e, 7 5 c en t s

C HA R T S

M o d e r n S ubm a rin e C h a rt —W i t h 200 Part s Nu m

b e r d an d Na m e de .

A c ct i v i w h w i g cl ly
ro ss s e on e s o n ear an d
“
di s t in cl t y a ll t he
Of bm Of p d
-
,

i i
nt e r o r i th l a su ar n e e at es t ty e. NO et a i s
l
o m i d— v y t h i g i cc
tte d e er n s a urat e an to s c a le T h is h a rt i s c
cy c l p d i O f bm i
.

rea lly an en o e a a su a r n e. P ri c e , 35 c e n t s

B Ox C ar C h art .

A ch a rt S h o w in g h t e an at o my Of a b ox c ar, h av i n g e v e ry p a rt
Of h t e c ar nu mb d er e and its pro p er na me gv i en
o

in a f
re er
enc l e
.

i st . P r i c e , 35 c ent s

G o nd o l a C ar C h art .

A ch ar t s h o w in g t he a n at o my pf a g dl on o a c ar , v g v h a in e e ry

p a rt of t he c ar nu mb d e re and i t s p p f
ro er re ere n c m gv
e na e i en
in a f
r e e r en e c li st . Pr i c e , 35 c en ts

Pa s s en g er C ar C h a rt .

A ch ar t s h o w in g t he a n at o m y of a
p as se n g er c ar , v g h a in
ev y p er Of h m d
art t e ca r nu b ere and its p p ro er na m gv e i en
in af c l re e r e n e i st . Pr i c e , 35 c en t s

St e el Ho pp er B o t t o m C o al C ar.
A h h wi g h
c a rt m f s o n t e an at o y o a s t e el h Oppe r b ot t o mc o al
h v g v y p Of h mb d p p
o

c ar, a in e er a rt t e c ar nu er e a nd it s ro er
nam gv e f c l t i en in a r e e re n e is ; Pri c e, 35 c ent s

T ra c t iv e Po w e r C h art .

A ch w h b ar t fi d th t ti pw d wb
e re y y o u c an n e ra c ve o er o r ra ar
p ll Of
u l c m iv w i h anym ki g fig Sh w wh
o o ot e t o ut a n a ur e o s at
c li d q l h w d iv i g w h l d m p
.

y n e rs a re e ua o r n ee s an st ea r e s s ure
a ff c h
e pw t W h iz d gi
t e d o
x e r.
,

at s e en ne you n ee to e e rt a
g iv d w b p ll d i i h l . .

en hi g y
ra ar u o r a ny t n ou e s re n t is i ne.
P ri c e , 50 c ent .
Ho rs e -
p o w er C h art .

S h o ws t he h o rs e p o w er of any s t a t i o n a ry en gi ne w it h o ut
c m c d d m k
-

c a l u la t io n . No
w h a t t h e y l in e r ia e t e r o f s t r o e,
at t e r
h
t e st e a r e s s ure m p
or c ut O f
f, t h e r e o lut i o n s , o r w h e t h er v
d g c d g
-

c o n e n s in o n e n si n , it s a ll t h e r e Ea sy t o u s e ,
’
or non
cc v m c c pc f
-
.

a u ra t e a n d s a e s t i e an d a l u la t i o n s Es e ia lly u s e ul
g d g
.

t o e n in e e r s a n d e s i n e rs P ric e , 5 0 c ent s .

B o il e r R o o m C h a r t .

By G O G L F O W L A c h t — iz 1 4 x 2 8 i c h — h w
E R E ER ar S e n es s o
m i c p p c iv h m c h i m b l gi g i
. .

in g i n is o et r e rs e t e t e e an s s e on n n a
m d b il — m T h i c h r i
o e rn ll o dic i y Of
er ro o s a t s re a y a t on ar
b il m h m fm 2 00 p big
.

th e o er h ro o t e na es o o re t an a rt s e n

g iv en . P i 35 t r c e , c en s

C HE M I ST R Y
Ho w to M a ke
m ic al L a b o a nd Use a S m a ll C he
r to y a r .

B R YMO D F
y C Y T Th t i c v
A N ll Of t h RA N IS A ES e r e at se o e rs a e
f l m ch mi l w Of d fi i
.

i l
e s s e nt a s Th o p
e e e n t a ry e s t ry . e a e n te ro

p i l i
o rt o n s , c l l i d c l l id l c l i
s o u t o ns ry st a o s, o o s, e e t r o y s s , e t c , a re
xpl i d T h c d p Of h b k i d v d ch mi
.
,

a ne se on a rt t s e ot e to e
x p im
e
e e e oo
l c h m ic l
.

cal d an O l
e e h p i
t ro c e a e er ent s . n y t o s e e x er
m h
en t s w ill d b d h
t at d k w l dg f “
t en t o ro a en t e r ea er s
’
no e e o
ch mie y i g l h v
st r b ch P i n75 te ne r a a e e en o s en . r c e, c en s

C O KE

C o ke— M o d e rn C o kin g
Pra c t ic e , I n c l ud in g A n
a ly s is O f M a t e ri al s a n d Pro d uc t s .

By J CH TOPHE OM dRIS ER a n d T H B YR T h is t h e s t a n a r d
k bj c j b v d d
. . . . .
,

w o r o n t h e s u e t , h a s ust e en r e is e a n d i s n o w i s s ue
v m
in t wo p c c
o lu es k
I t is a ggd
r a t i al w o r fo r t h o s e e n a e in
k m fc c v Of p d c F
.

C o e a n u a t u re an d t h e re o e ry By ro u t s ul ly
d f d gp Am g c p c d
-
.

i llu s t ra t e w it h o l i n la t e s on t he h a t e r s o n t a in e
V m dc C fic F
.

in o lu e I a re : I n t r o u t io n ; la s s i a t io n of u e ls ; I m
Of
p u r it i e s W g S mp g
C o a ls ; C o a l V a s h in ; a l in and a lu a t i o n o f
C Of F H Of C k
o als , e t c ; C h lo r ifi c Po w e r u e ls ; i s t o ry o e M an
v pm Ck v g c p
.

ufa c t u r e ; D e e lo en t s in o e O e n D e s i n ; Re e n t T y es
ofC k v M c c App c
o e O e ns ; Ck v C m
e h an i al li a n e s a t o e O en s ; he
c c xm Of C k V m c
o

i a l a n d Ph y s i a l E a in a t io n o e o lu e 11 o ve r s
p dc c v m f d f d
.

By r o u t s
-
Ea h o lu e is . ully illu s t r a t e , w it h o l in g

pla t e s . Pric e, p er vo lume

C O M PR E SS E D A I R

C o mpre s s e d pplic at io ns A ir in A ll I t s A .

By G D D x
AR m c mpl b k
N ER Hi s c o T h is i s t h e o st o et e oo on
bj c f i h t h v b i d d it h i fi
. .

t h e su e t o a r t a as e er een s s ue an s t rt y ve
c h p i cl d b t v y p h bj
-
,

a t e rs f h n u e a ou e er ase o t e su ec t o ne c an
t h i k Of
n I m y b c ll d c c l p d i f c mp d t a e a e an en y o e a o o r es s e
xp w h i i 6 6 5 p g h
.

i
a r It i w i by s r t t en an e e rt o, n ts a es , as
d lt w i h t h bj ct i c mp h iv m ph
.
,

ea t e su e n a o re ens e an n er, no ase

Of i b i g m i d O v 500 ill t i
t e n F i f h Ed i i
,

o tte er us ra t o n s . t t on ,
v d d l g d Cl h b d
.

re i se an P i e n ar e . ot o un . r c e,

10
C o n s t ruc t in g C o nc re t e Po rc h e s .

By A A HOUGHTO A mb f d ig w i h w ki g N
’

nu er es ns t n
f ll xp l i d
o
f m ld
. . . or
d wmra gs il o o s a re u y e a ne so any one c an
c diff
c o n s t ru t l f m l c c p ch e ren t st y es o o rn a en t a on re t e
e as y

wi h h
t o ut t p ch f xp iv m ld e ur as e o e ens e o s.
or es

Pric e , 75 c ent s

M o l d in g C Fl o w er Po t s , B o x e s , Jardi
”

o n c re t e
m ere s E t c , .

By A A HOUGH TO T h m ld f p d ci g m N e o s or ro u n an o ri gi
g f flw p flw bx j i
. . .

n a l de s i ns o o er ot s, u rn s , o er o es, ar n i e re s ,
etc a re f ll i ll d d xpl i d
u y h w k us t r a t e an e a ne so t e or er c an
,

c c d p m ,
.

e a s ily o n s t ru P i t75 an o e rat e sa e. r c e , c ent s

M o l d in g C o nc re t e F o un t ain s an d L aw n Oma
me n t s .

By A A HOUGHTO T h m ld i g f mb f d ig N e o n o
'

a nu er ns
c bi g h i ch i g p p gl di l d o es
. . .

o f l w a n s ea t s , ur n t n ost s, er o as, s un
ot h f m f
er m l c
or c f h m i s o o rg a
,

ent a on ret e , or t e o rn a
a s
e nt at o n
an

o f l w d g d
a i f ll ill
ns d d d c ib d
an ar e ns , s u y us t r a t e an es r e .

Pr ic e , 75 c ent s

C o n c re t e o n t h e Fa rm a n d in t h e Sh o p .

By H COLV
C MP B L Am g h bj c IN d
A EL on t e su e ts t r e at e are
c p f i f ci g m h d Of p c i g c c e
. .

Pr in i l e s o re n or n ; et o s ro t e t n on te so
p p h d i g h m m d m ix m ix i g
r
as i to n s ur e ro er ar en n ; o e a e ers ; n
d d m ch i f m c c i d c ib d d
-

b y h an an a ne ; or o n s t ru t on, es r e an
i ll d b d w i g d ph g ph c
us t r at e y cira f n s an ot o ra s ; o n st ru t on o
c c on w ll
re t ed f c ; c c a f c ps anc c en es on ret e en e o st s ; on ret e
g p at e c p o st sc l h li p; g p b
o rn e r ost s ; ot es ne o st s ; ra e ar or
p ost s k gh c i
; t an h s w ll w
; t f di g fl
ro u s ; s t e rn s ; og a o s ; ee n o o rs
an d b d pvm f d i
a rn y a r w ll c b d pl
a e en t s ; o un at o n s ; e ur s an at
f m id fl
or s ; i d w lk
n oorp c c h bd d o o rs ; s e a s ; st e s ; on re t e ot e s an
c ld f m c c
o ra l b
; o n re t e s a f w ll f b ildi g p i
ro o s ;
es a s or u n s ; re a r
ing l k i
ea s k d ci
n t an s an d ll
s t e rn s ; a n p ic
a to ci d w i h
s asso at e t
h bj c
t ese s u e t s a s b ig p
ea r n c ig h b
u o n s e ur n t e l fd m
e s t r e su t s ro

c c
o n re t e a r edw l p ffi c i
e t u o n at s u l g h i pl i v
en t en t n a n e ery ay
E gl i h xp i c d p d g d
-

n s so t h h
at t i e ne er en e e rs o n es i ri n t o un e r
k pi c f c c
ta e a e e o c
o n ret e ci b
o n st ru t o n c an ,f ll w i g h
y o o n t e
di c i
r e t o n s s et f h i h i b k c 1 00
ort n t s o o , s e u re c cc
pe r e nt s u ess
v im 1 5 0 p g 5 1 i l l t
e e ry t e a e s, . P i
us t r a i o n s . r c e,

C o nc re t e m S a n d M o ld s Fr o .

By A A HOUGHTO A p ct i c l w k t t i g p N ra a or r ea n on a roc
w h ic h h f b h ld d c by h
. . .

e ss h t as e r et o o re ee n e as a ra e se re t t e
f w wh p
e d i d w h ich w ill cc f ll m ld v y
o o s s es s e t, an su es s u y o e er
an d cl f
a ny m l c c w k Th
as s p c o o rna ent a on ret e or e ro ess
f m ld i g c c w i h d m ld i f h m p t i
.

o o n on r et e t s an o s s o t e ut o st ra c
ca l v l p i g h
a ue , m if ld dv g f l w c o sse ss n t e an o a an t a es o a o o st
o f m ld h o d pid i f Op i p f c d il
s, t e ease an ra ty o e rat o n , er e t et a s
t o ll a m l d ig d i o rna d i c d gh
en t a es ns, e ns ty an n re as e st re n t
o f h c t c p f c c i g f h w k wi h
e on re t e , i er e t ur n o t e or t o ut a t t e nt o n

a d h
n yt m v l f h m ld g d l Of
e eas d
re o a o t e o s re ar es s any un er
c i g h d ig m y h v 1 9 2 p g F l l i l l
ut t n t e es d n a a e. a es. u v u s t ra t e .

C lo t h . Pric e,
 O rn am en t al C o n c ret e W ith o ut M ol d s .

ByA A H OUG H TO T h p c f m ki g m tl N e ro e ss or a n o rn a en a
c c w i h m l d h l g b h ld c
. . .

on r et e t o ut d o s as on een e as se re t ; an
w f
no h fi im h p c i giv
or t e h p b li c rs t t e, t is ro es s s en
a
to t e u
Th b k v l h c
e
,

oo d i h l b k p b li h d
re ea s t e se re t an s t e on y oo u s
.

w h ic h xpl i imp l p c ic l m h d w h b h e
e a ns a s e, ra t a et o t e c on ere y
c w k i
re t e b l d b mp l i g w d d m l m
or er s ena e y e oy n oo an et a te
pl f d i ff
at e s d ig o m ld mdl i c c e re n t es
,

n s, to o or o e n o n r et e
a nyc ic ch iv l c —l m p d l b
o rn e, ar o t, o u n, e est a , ase c a p, ur n o r
pi eri m li h ic f m igh p h b T h m
n a on o t or r t u o n t e JO es e ay
m ld d i i b l ck b l
.
_

b e o e d h n i h
un t s or o s, an t en u i t up t o s u t t e
sp cific i d m d d T h i w k f ll ill
e at on s d wi h e an e : s or 18 u y u s t rat e , t
d il d
et a g vi g Cl h
e en P ira n s. ot . r c e,

P pul o H n d b o k fo r C m n t and C n c t e
ar a o e e o re
II s e r s .

M Y O H L W Ev h i g f v l
By R N h c c E IS e ry t n o a ue to t e o n r et e
c d i cl d i g ki d f c m mp l d i
.

i
us e r s o n t ai n e n u n n s o e e nt e oye n
c ci c c
o ns t ru chi c i p c i
t on, d i g on
,

re t e ar t e t ur e , ns e t on an t est n
w p fig cl ig d pi ig l
at er ro o b l w ki g
n o or n an a nt n ru e s ta es, or n
,

an d c d Th b k c mp i h i h ch p
ost at a
,

A e oo o r se s t
,

rt y t ree t e rs
bl d d i i lib Of v c m d c c
.
~
a .

l
v a ua h e a t on t o t e ra ry e e ry e ent an on r et e
user C l h 4 30 p g 1 26 ill
. i ot P i ,
a es , us t r a t o n s . r ce ,

W at e p fin g C o n c e t e
r ro o r .

B M Y O H L W M d m h d Of w p fi g
y R N E I S. o e rn et at er n
Ac d d
o s
c c c m
. ro o
on d h
ret e an f h
ot er s t ru t u re s on ense st at e en t t e
p i cip l d p c Ob v d i w
. o
r n l i
es, b ru e s an re a ut o n s to e ser e n at e r
p fi g d d mp fi
ro o n c and c l m a pr o o ng s t ru t ur e s an s t ru t u ra at e
P p b i d i g I ll d S c d Ed i i
-

i l
r a s. a er n n . u s t ra t e . e on t on .

Pric e, 75 c ent s

D I E S— M E T A L !
W O RK

Die s ; T h e ir C o n s t ruc t i o n a n d U s e fo r t h e M o d ern

W o r kin g Of Sh e e t M e t al s .

By J
W OO D WO TH A w b k b p c ic l m f
V R ne oo y a ra t a an , or
k w h l p c ic i h w k i g
. . .

th wh
o se wi h o s to no t e at e s t ra t e n t e or n
o f h m l I h w h w di
s eet d ig d m d d
et a s t s o s o es a re es ne a e an
d d h wh g g d i h i li f w k ,
.

us e , a n t ose o are e n a e n t s ne o or c an
c m
s e ur e any v l b l gg i
a ua e su S ix h v i d d i i
est ons t re se e t o n.
39 4 p g Cl h
.

5 2 5 I ll i
us t r at o n s , a es ot . P i . . r c e,

Pun h e D i s and T o o ls fo r M nuf c t u ing In

c s, e a a r
Pre s s e s .

By J V WOOD WO T H A c cl p d i f d i m k i g R n en y o e a o e a n
p h m k i g d i i ki g h m l w k i g d m k i g
-
. . . ,

un c a n e s n n s eet et a or n an a n
f p ci l d vic d m ch ic l c mb i
- - -
, , ,

o s l b
e a t oo s, su pr e s s e s , e es an e an a o na
t i f
o ns p ch i g c i g b di g f m i g p i ci g d w
or un n ut t n , en n or n er n ra
i c mp i g d
ng , o mb li g h m l p s d l
r es s n
,

an asse n s
,

eet et a
,

a rt an
,
‘

a so
icl m i l i m ch i
-

f h l Thi i di
'

a rt es o ot er at e r a s n a ne t oo s. s s a s
i c w k f m b k i l d Di Th i
f

’
h h “
t n t or ro t e a ut or s oo en t t e es ; e r
C ci
o n s t ru d U 5 00 p g 700 t g vi g S c d
on an se. a es , en ra n s. e on
di i Cl h
-

e t on. P i ot . r c e,
 D I C T I O NA R IE S

S t a n d ard Ele c t ric a l D ic t i n y o ar .

P O T O CO O SLO J i d nt i l w ’
B R F. N R A NE. us t s s ue an e re y ne
d i i b gh p d
y
t on d g
ro u l l g d—
.

t f u to at e an reat y e n ar e as 3. r e e r
e
en c b k h i w k i b d c mp i t i ci i i
s or s ey o n o a r so n , as t o nt a n s
v 700 p g e
l
oo
5 00 i ll i d d fi es , Of n ear y u s t ra t o n s , an e n t ons
er
di i c w d m d ph
o a
Th d fi i
st n t or s, t er s an r a s es . e e n
i
t ons d ca reci d i cl d v t m di
t e rs e an on se an n u e e e ry er us e n
l c ic l
e e tr c i c 7 6 7 p g 4 77 i l l
a s i en(S pg e. a es , u s t ra t o n s . ee a e

19 f f ll d p ) or u er P i es c r i
.

t i on . r c e,

D R A W I N G— S KE T C HI NG PA PE R

A C our s e in M e c h a n ica l D w in g ra .

By L OU B OU L L O Th IS h h w i m p ll I I N e a ut or as r t t en a o st ra c

t ic l b k f M ch ic l D f i g I f
.
'

h b on t y e su ec t o e an a ra t n t u
xp l i h wi g L i g d D im i i g
a oo .

e a ns f t e a rt o ra n et t er n an en s o n n
m p c ic l b k v p b li h d
.
,

I i t by f s, h ar, t e o st ra t a oo e er u s e on
thi bj c f
s su i d ed v i g ch l
t, ord m us e n ay an e en n s o o s, an o re

es p c i ll d p d f h
e a y ch d f
a lf i
a ci
te or t e t ea er an or se n st ru t on.
Fi f h di i t e ent v d d l g d F lly ill
e t on , d re
o

ise an en a r e u u s t ra t e
O bl g
. .

on . P i r c e,

L in P p c t i S lf T ug h t
ear ers e ve e -
a .

B H M T C K U ER T h i W k giv
AN h h d RA S. s or es t e t e o ry an
p c i c f li
y
t p pc v e o d i c h i c l gi n ea r
. .

ers e ti
.

e, as us e n ar t e t u ra en
i g d m ch ic l d wi g g m Of
ra
n e er n an Th e an a ra n s. e ar ra n e en t
t h b k i g d ; h pl i h s l f h d w h il hb
oo t e at e s on t e t an e t e
d c i p iv x f l l w Opp i p g
e oo e ,

es t h e te t s on t e os te a e, so as to e
A lf xp l
r o o
rea d il f d y re y li
e rr e p ph c iv t o. se e an at o r n ear e rs e t e
c h i i cl d d i t h c d vi d d i i Cl
-

a rt s n u e n e se on re se e t on. ot .

P ri c e ,

Sel f T a ug h t M e c h a ni c a l
-
D r aw i n g a n d E le m e n t a ry

M a c h in e D e s ig n .

By F L S YL VEs r ER M E D ft m wit h ddit i by '

ra s an , a ons
b g c d M ch i A p c ic l
. . .
.
, ,
Eri k O e r , a ss o i a t e f e it o r o
“
a n e ry .
”
ra t a
e e l m t y t i
e n ar M c h i c l D w i g d
re at s e M c h i D on e an a ra n an a ne e
si g c mp i g h fi p i cip l f g m i c d m ch
n, o ri s n t e rst r n es o eo et r an e an
i c l d w mg w k h p m h m ic m c h ic
a ra gh f
or s o at e at s, e an s, s t re n t o
m t l l f d h c lc l i
a e ri a s an d d ig
,

f m ch i
t d il e a u at o n an es n o a ne et a s,
c mp d t h
o i e Of p c ic l m ch ic d y g d f
or e us e ra t an s an o un ts
g vi g C l h
a e ra
m en .330 p g 215 a P i es , en ra n s. ot . r c e,

A Ne w Sk e t c h in g Pa p er .

A w pne lly l d p p s t ec i a bl y t m k k t ch
ru e a er o ena e ou o a e s e es
or d wm i ra m t c p p c siv w i h n y fig i g
o

i so e ri e rs e t e t o ut an ur n or
fus smg t b g d f h p d t ilis w ll f ein us e or s o e a s as e as or
mb t m k k ch d t h w k f
.

ly d w m g
.

a s se ra s as i a es o ne s et o e or o
h lp g t w h t i w nt d
‘
th d m
_
r e e, w an no or an c an e s eei n us a s a e
z f d P d f 4 0 c 6 x 9 i ch
.

I
.

n h t r ee Si es o pa s. a s o s e t s, n es,
P r ic e , x 12 In C h e s, P r i c e , 7 5 0 ; 12 b y 18 in c h es. 0

P ri c e ,
D e s ig n D at a fo r Ra dio T ran s m it t e rs a nd Re
c e i v e rs .

By B M SL P f mb g
EE ER Fa r r o e in a o lle t i o n o f or ula s , c c f m
g k p p q c p b m
. . .

D es i n D a t a t a e s up in ro e r s e u e n e t h e r o le s en
c d p
o un t e r e g
in p
l a n n in a ll t y e s o f r e e i in s e t s fo r s h o r t , c v g
md m
e iu g v
an d lo n k wa e w o r , a n d s ar o il , t rans o r e r p k c f m
and vc m b
a uu m p
t u e t r a n s it t e rs o e r a t in on 2 00 e t e rs g m
b v b kd v f d
.

T a le s h a e e en w o r e o ut so t hat a lu es c a n b e o un
m m c
w it h o ut t h e u s e o f at h e at i s R a io e e ri e n t e rs will d xp m
f m c b m v
.

fi n d h e r e in o r a t io n w h i h w ill e n a le t h e t o ha e t he
m md
o st fic q pm
o er n a n d e f ie n t e ui e nt P r i c e , 75 c e n t s .

Dy n m s a o an d Ele c t ric M o t o rs an d All A b o ut

T h em .

W DT
B y ED AR T h i v l m gi p i l d i ct i
REVERT s o u e v es rac t c a o ns
b d g w H P D m f h E di t p c p b l re
’

fo r u i l i n a t o y na o o t e s on e a e
Of g b fif m zd l mp Of h Z O w iz I
. .
y a

lg
i ht i n
‘

a o ut ty a a a s t e at t s e n
dd giv d i c i f b ild i g t w m ll l ct ic
-
.

a i
it i on, t es re t o ns or u n o s a e e r
m i bl
o t o rs f i g
su t aw i g m ch i Th
e l dor r un n n se n a nes e c onc u
g ch p d c ib h c c i f impl b ich m
.

in a t er es r es t e o n s t ru t on o s e ro at e
bl dp df i g l c ic m 96 p g F ll
a
a t t e ry a a te o r run n n e e tr o t o rs . a es. u y
il t d wit h d t i l d
us t r a e wi g Cl h P i e a ra n s. ot . r c e,

El e c t ric B ells .

By M B SL P A c mpl i EEf h p c ic l
ER o et e t r e at s e or t e ra t a
w k l li g Op i g d i g b ll c i c i
. . .

or er i in n st a n e r at n an t est n e r u t s,
b gl l m h m
ur ar a ar d h pp
s, t d ih er
,

ost at s an ot a a r at u s use w t
x p im
er
l c i c b ll
e e tr B h h l c ic i
e s. d h ot w ill t e e e tr an an t e er en t er
b k w m i l w h ic h i
e
fi d i
n hi n t s oo i l i h i ne at e r a s es s ent a n t e r
w k or T l b ll b i o o s, l ci c i eb gl l ms, at t er es , un u s u a r u t s, ur ar a ar s,
ci m h m ci c i b k im
.

a n n un a t o rs , sy st e s, t er o st at s , r u t rea e rs , t e
l m d pp d i h ll c i c i d
‘
a ar s, h an ot er a a ra t u s us e n e r u ts a re e
sc ib d f m h
r e dp i ro f h i pplic i c
t e s t an o nt s o t e r a at on , o n s t rue
i
t on, d p i T h d il d i
an re c i f b ild i g h
a r. et a e n st ru t o ns or u n t e
x p im
e
app w ill pp l
a r at u s h p ic l l T h
a ea to t e e er ent e r ar t u ar y e
p c ic l w k w ill fi d h c h p Wi i g C l c l i
.

ra t a er n t e t ers on r n a u at o n
f Wi S iz Wi d i g U pk p Of S m
or a
o re d M g es an a n et n n s, ee y st e s
an d h Lc i
t e f F l f h
o g at o n vl i hi o au ts o t e re at e s t a ue n t e r

w k or 12 4 p g
. F lly ill d a P i 75
es . t u us t ra t e . r c e, c en s

Ex p e rim ent al Hig h Fre quenc y A pp arat us , Ho w

to M a ke an d Use It .

By T ST AS H OM AN EY R IS T h is L CU T
o o k t e lls y o u h o w t o b
b d mp g f q c c xp m p p
.

uil si ly h i h r e u e n y o il s fo r e er i e nt a l ur o s e s
m c b m c p
-

i n t h e h o e , s h o o l l a o r at o ry , o r o n t h e s a ll le t ur e la t
f mor b kT he oo i s r e a lly a s u l e e n t t o t h e s a m e a ut h o r s
’
pp m
F q c A pp xp m d
.

‘
H e n t a l S i e o n ly
o

e ri
f i h T
”
g re u e n y a r at us h e e
cv d v m c dd
.

is o e re in t h i s o lu e , w h i h i s in t e n e fo r t h o s e w h o
b d m
w a nt t o uil s al l o il s i in c gv
up t o a n e i h t e e n i n h s a r
“

g g c p k
pp mp c p p fc f
-
.

The a a r a t us i s s i le , h ea and e r e t ly s a e , a n d w it h
m
i t s o e t r u ly s t art lin e e ri ent s ma y b e g xp
er or e 69 m p f md
g d
. .

pa e s , ill us t ra t e . Pri c e , 5 0 c ent s

 E le c t ri c ia n
’
s Han dy Bo ok .

By CO O SLO
TPR O O
N R F. AN Ej b T h is wo rk h a s
’
us t e en

vc dc mc gd dd p c c
. .

r e is e an d u h e n la r e I t i s i n t en e fo r t h e r a t i al

mk g fi d
.
_

e l e t r i ia n w h o h a s t o a e t h in s g o T h e e n t i re el of
c c pg k
.

e l e t ri it y i s c o v e r e d w it h in i t s I t is a w o r
'

a es of t he
md p c c c c mp v
.

mo st o ern ra t i e , w r i t t e n in a le a r , o re h ens i e
cv bj c g bg g
m a n n e r , a n d o e r s t h e s u e t t h o r o u h ly , e in n in a t t h e
A C
B bj c
o f t h e su g d k
e t , and m
r a ua l ly t a e s y o u t o t h e o re
a dv c d b c O f
an e ran h e s c c c
t h e s ie n ej I t t ea h e s y o u u s t w h a t
dk b c c Ap c c k
.

y o u s h o ul n o w a o ut e l e t r i i t y ra t i a l w o r fo r t h e
c c C f g p
.

p r a t i a l ma n o n t a in s o r t y e i h t c h a t e rs
pb c d m v f v g
-
. .

The u li s h e r s on s i er t h e se l e s o r t un a t e i n h a in
c d
s e ur e vc c fv b k
t h e s e r i e s o f s u h a w e ll a n d a o r a ly nown
f S
w r it e r a s Pr o g c
lo a n e , w h o h a s w it h t h e r eat es t a re c om

p le t e d a m k c c f m
ast e r wo r in o n is emp or
.

on t h i s a ll i o r t an t
bj c g v g g d b d
-
.

su e t 6 00 e n r a i n s , 8 2 4 pa e s , h a n s ome l y o un in
c v d
.

New R e is e E dit i o n
.

lo t h . Pri c e , .

mplifi ed
Ele c t ri c i t y Si .

By P O T O CO O SLO b j ct El ct ic it y
’
R F Th f N R A NE e O
“
r
S imp lifi d i t m k h bj c
e o e
pl i p ib l d
. . .

e s o a e t e su e t as a n as oss e an
t oh w Wh s h m d c cpi
o f atl c ic i ti ; e o e rn on e t on o e e tr ty s to
sh w h w o w pl f d iff
o m l imm d i c id
t o at e s o e r en t et a s erse n
xpl i h w
a
c an d m g s en d h gl b ; a es sa e a ro un t e o e to e a n o a
b dl f c pp w i
un e o db m gi
o er b h re ro t at e y a st ea en ne c an e t e
ag i l ig h i g
en t n ; t ll W h h
t n v l hm d o ur st re e t s o t e at t e o t, O an
am p e re d wh h i gh d l w
a re , i m
an d t at an o t en s o n ean ; an o
a nsw h q i er h p p l ly i i h m i d i
t e ue s t o n s t at er et ua a r se n t e n n
thi gs f el c i c i y
a 2 18 p g
e o I ll d Fif h
e tr t a es . us t r at e t e en t
di i
. .

e t on . P i r ce ,

El e c t ric W irin g D i g a m s a n d Sw i t h b d s
, a r c o ar .

By NE WTO N H O w i h dd i i b T H O M POPP
A RR I S N, t a t ons y AS E.
T h is is t h e o n y o l c mp l w k i d h w i g d lli g et e or s s ue s o n an t e n
y o u w h at y o u s o u h ld k w b di c d l i gno a o ut re t an a t e rn a t n c ur
rent w ir in g e or Th w k i f f m dv c d ch ic li i s re e ro a an e te n a t es
m m ic i h m ic b i g d h gh
.

a nd at h e at s, a r t I i i et e n us e t ro u o ut t s n
v pc d w ll w i c iv m h
.

e e ry r es e t ah an i y, e r tt en, n st ru t e, co pr e en
iv v l m wi i g f wi m f m c c
-

s e o u e on h r n or t e re an , o re an , o n t ra t or
or l c ic i e e tr an . Thi d vi d di i r31 5 p g 1 30 i ll
re se e t on. a es , us
t ra t i o n s . Pri c e,

Ex p erim e n t al W i rel e s s St a t io ns .

By P D LM Th Eh d ig c E ci dE AN e t e o ry , es n, o n st ru t an
p i f ll d i cl d i g W i l T l p h on
. . .

o e r at o n is u y t re a t e n u n re e s s ony,
V c m T b ch d p k m Th w e e
d q
,

a uu u e, an ue n e s ar s y st e s. e ne en
l g d 1 92 0 d i i i j d d i ic l d _

ar e i e t on s us t s s ue an s st r t y up t o at e ,
c c d c mpl
o rr e tT hi b an k ll h w m k pp o e t e. s oo te s o to a e a a r at u s
t o n ot l h ll l phon d di m g b l h w
y ear a te e one ra o essa es , ut a so o
to m k impl q ipm
a h
e w k f
s mi i v e e u en t t at or s or t ra n s ss o n o er
b l l g d i c T h h i h Of w i
r eas o n a y on st an es . en t e re s a o st ne n
f m i i cl d d T h fi
or at o n d l b k gi v
n u e e rs t an on y oo to e y ou
c imp di imp v m m f w h ic h
.

ll h t ent o rt a n t en t s ,
"

a e re ra o ro e so e o
h v a v b f b p b li h d 392 p g 2 4 ch
e ne er e o re een u s e . a e s. a pt e r s .

16 7 illus t ra t io ns .
Ele c t ric T o y M ak in g , y na D mo B uild in g an d
El e c t ri c M o t o r C o n s t ruc t i o n .

T h is w o r k
t re at s o f t h e a in mk g
at m h o e o f e le t r i al t o y s , c c
c c
e le t r i a l a a r a t us , pp
o t o rs m d m
y n a o s a n d in s t r u e n t s in m
g e n e ra l a n d i s esi n e to d g d b g
r in w i t h i n t h e r e a h o f y o un c g
a nd O ld the a n u a t ur e m fc
of g
e n uin e an d u s e u l e le t r i a l f c c
app lia n e s 210 c a es , lo t h pg c F
ully i llus t ra t e T w e n t i et h d '

d gd
. . .

e it i o n , e nl a r e . Pr i c e ,

Hig h F r e q ue n c y A pp ar a t u s , It s C o n s t ruc t i o n a nd
pp lic t i n
Pra c t ic a l A a o .

B y T HOM ST L Y CU T T h m c mp h iv d
AS AN E R I S. e o st o re ens e an
th gh w k
o ro u hi i i g bj c v p d c d
or on t s n t e r es t n su t e e er ro u e
b ki p c ic l i i m
.

Th e i ll
oo s d i
e s s en t a y ra t a n t s t r eat ent an t c on
sti cc
t ut e s c rd Of h
an ch f i
a h u ra t e re o t e resea r es o ts a ut or
v p i d f v l y i d i g w h i c h im d z f er a e ars , ur n
,

t en s
c il w b il d x p m d w i h N w v i d d
o er a er o o se e o o
s er e u t an e er en t e t e re se an
l g d di i d 26 9 p g
o
F l l i ll
.

e n ar e e t on . u y us t r a t e . a es .
Pr i c e ,

Ho us e W irin g .

By T HOM OPP AS W c b g P E D es r i in a n d illu s t r a t i n u p t o at e g d

m d Of g c c g g C j
- -
. .

et h o s i n s t a ll i n e l e t ri l i h t w ir in o n t a in s ust t h e
f m dd cc f g b d g F
.

i n o r a t io n n e e e fo r s u e s s ul w i r in o f a u il in ully
d d g m p v g
.

i ll u s t r a t e w it h ia r a s a n d la n s I t s o l e s a ll w ir in
p b m c g c flc g
.

r o le s an d o n t a i n s n o t h in t h at o n i t s w it h t h e r u li n s
Of d Of F d
t h e Na t i o n a l B o a r ir e U n e r w r it e r s 1 9 2 0 e it i o n , d
v d gd c d g c M
.

r e is e a n d e n la r e I n l u in D i r e t C u rr e n t ot or C on
g m dm M
.

n e c t i o n s — D ia r a s o f s e r ie s w ou n o t o r— a n d o t o r W ir
i ng pg f
2 00
. a es, d fl xb c
ully il lus t ra t e , e i le lo t h .

P r i c e , ! L OO

Ho w m a Suc c e ful E le c t ic i n
t o Bec o e ss r a .

By P O O CO O SLO A i g b k f m
’
T i
“

R F. N R A NE n n t e re st n oo ro
v c v T lli g i imp l l g g h
. .

co er t o er d e n n S es t an ua e t e s ur es t an
bcm o
cc f l l c ic i di
.

i w
e as e st ay to Th e o e a su ess u e e tr an e st u es
f ll w d m h d f w k fii lid f Op i
.

t b e d h et o s o or e o e r at o n an t
qi m cc f l l c c pi d
o e o o , , e
re u re f h en t s o d t e su es s u e e tr an are o nt e o ut an
f ll xp l i d 2 02 p g Ill t t d Eigh h v i d
u y e a ne a es . us ra e t e e nt re se
di i Cl t h
. .

e t on . o P i . r c e,

Ra d i o T i m e Sig nal Re c e iv er .

B AU T y C L S Th i
IN w b k A R d i T im E S C A R B O U RA . s ne oo
“
a o e
S ig l R c iv b ild imp l fi d
.
,

h w
”
na ll e er , te s y ou o to u a s e o ut t
x p ly f t h b g i
e e
s ig d ne e Y
ress b il d h or e e nn e r ou c an u t e o ut
w k h p jwl
.

fits ni w y o ur d i ll h m f o n or s o an n st a t e or e e e rs
i h
e t er p m t on l b i
a Th onepp ay en or a r en t a as s e a a ra t us
ch impl d ig h t it m b m d b h v g
-
.

i s f o su s e es n t a ay e a e y t e a era e
a m m ch i p
a t e ur i g f w e di l 42 p g
an c o s s es s n a e or n a ry t o o s . a es.
P r i c e , 35 c ent s
T el e ph o n e C o n s t ruc t i o n, In s t all a t i o n , W irin g ,

p
O e ra t i o n a n d M ain t e n a n c e .

By W H R H C A D C L I PPE and CU H G T h i b k gi v
S IN s oo es
p i c pl
f c ci d Op f b h
. . . ,

t h e r n i es o o n st r u t on an i h
e r at o n o ot t e
B ll e d I d pe dan i m n e n en t n st r u en t s pp v d m h d f
; a ro e et o s
d wi i g h m ; h m f p ci g h m o
i lli g
n st a n an r n t e t e e an s o rot e t n t e
f m l i gh i g d b m l c
ro tn n an a nor a u rr e n t s ; h i c ci t e r onne t on to
g h et f Op ier or er a t o n as s e ri e s or b idgi g i
r d
n l s t at o n s ; an r u es

f h i i p c i
t d m i
e r ns e t o n an a n t en a n c Li w i i g d h
e. ne r n an t e
wi i g d Op Of p ci l l ph m
or
r n i an e r at o n s e a te e l
one syst e s are a so

t d 22 4 p g
r ea t e 1 32 i ll
. i a e s, us t r a t o n s S c
. d v d di i e on re i se e t on .

Pr i c e ,

W ir ele ss T el e g ra ph y an d T e le ph o ny Simply Ex
p lain d e .

B yAL D P M O G Th
FRE i d b d ly f th R AN is s un ou te o ne o e
c mp l d c mp h iv bj
. .

m o st o i h et e an o re ens e t r ea t s e s on t e su ec t
e v p b li h d d c l
er u d f i p g w il l b l
s e an a o se stu y o ts a es ena e
one m tll h
o d il f h w i l a st e r mi i O f ,

a t e et a s o t e re ess t ra n s ss o n
m g Th ess a h h fil l d l g f l w
es d h e aut or as e a on e t an t an as
cc d d i f i h i g l ci d c mp h ib l xp l i
-
.

su ee n ur n s n a u o re en s e e an a t o n
imp l g g f h h d p c ic Of w i l
e ,

i n sl e an ua e o t e t e o ry an ra t e re e s s

t l g ph
e e dra l ph y F t h di i
y 1 54 p g
an 1 56 te e on o ur e t on . a es ,
g vi g
.

en ra n s . P i r c e,

W iring a Ho us e .

By H B T ER TT S h w ER PR A o s a h o u se a lr e a d b i l ll j y u t ; te s ust
b i i g i b gi w h wi
.

h ow to s t a rt a o ut w r n t ; w h er e t o e n ; at re to
use ; h w io cc d i g
t o ru n t a or n t o i n s u r a n e r u es ; n c l i fc j a t us t
i f m i d c pp l q ll ,

t he n or at o n y ou nee Dir e t i o n s a y e ua y to a
p F h di i
.

sh o . o u rt e t on . Pr i c e , 35 c en t s

E L E C T RO PL A T I NG

p
T h e M o d e rn E l e c t r o l a t e r .

B K y TH M COGG H LL T h i i h m c mppl
ENNE d ES A s s t e o st o et e an
p ci l b k l c p l i g d ll i d p c
. .

ra t ca oo on h h e e t ro at n an a e ro e ss e s t at as
b p b li h d
e en
e x u f t h s d
e p f i
as l a t t or e st u ent or ro es s on a
pl I
at e r w i i imp l t l g g d xp l i l l
is r t t en n s e an ua e an e a ns a
d i l f l c pl t i g c ci c mp l m
.
.

et a s o e e t ro a n in a on se y et o et e an n er
F ll i c gi v f t h p p i d fi i hi ng
.

u n s t ru t ions are en or e re ar a t o n an n s
o f h w t k d f m l
e d c mp l
or di c i
an i or u a an o et e re t ons a re h
cl d d f m k i 8g ll k i d Of p l t i g l i
u e or a m n f a n s a n s o ut o n s , an y o
th h vi g b
es e d c a n t il p b l i h d i
ee n hi i t ra e se ret s un u s e n t s n
ci m l A
s t ru t o n i d i p c ic l p l i g d
an u a ny on e n t e r e st e n ra t a at n an
m t l fi i hi g will fi d h i b k v l bl g i d d m
.

e a n s n n t s oo a a ua e u e an co
pl m l f h t 1 4 2 ill
et e an ua i o2 76 p g t e ar . ust r at o n s . a es .

Pr i c e ,
 G A S A N D G A SO L I NE E NG I NE S

G a s , Ga s o lin e a nd O il En g in e s .

By G D AR N ERv d b V CTO W P E Ev y
D Hi s c o x Re i s e y I R AG e r-
gi d h i b k S imp l i c iv d
. . . .

us e r o f
a gas en n e nee s t s oo e, n st ru t e an
igh d c mp l w k n h bj c
.

r t up t o Th l at e. e on y o et e or o t e su e t
b i l c mb gi i g i g
.

T ll e ll s a a i o ut nt e r n a o us t o n en neer n t re a t n ex
h i l
a us t v e
,

h d ig c y ci on d p c ic l
t e pp lic es n, o n st ru t on an ra
,

t a a a
ti on f ll f m o f g a g li k or d c d s p o a s, as o ne, ero s e n e an ru e e
t l m il
ro e u gi D c ib
o m i l ll x ili
en n es. m es r es n ut e y a au a ry s y st e s,
c h l b ic i c b i d ig i i id
-

su as u r C
at o n , h ar u re t o n an n t on ns e rs t e
d m gm f ll f m f x p l iv m
. o
"

th eo r y an an a e f e nt o a or s o e os e ot ors or
i
s t a t o n a ry d m i w k m bil
an pl a r ned or a ut o o es, a e ro an e s an
m c cl I cl d l P d c G
ot o r y es. d I P d c i
n u es a so
,

ro u er as an ts ro u t on
I v l bl c i n f ll d gi w
.

n i
a ua e gnstr u t o s or a st u ent s , as en ne o n ers ,
gi p xp d ig m c h ic d f
-

g as e n n ee r s , at e n t e e rt s , es ne rs, e an s, ra ts
d ll h v i g m d p w Ill d
-

m en an d wi h h
a a n t o o t t e o e rn o er . u s t ra t e
b y v 4 00 g v i g m y p ci ll m d f m gi
o er en ra n s, an s e a y a e ro en n e er :
i g d wi g ll i c c p p i 6 0 c v pg 4
“

n ra n s, a n o rre t ro o rt o n . o ta o a es
an d 4 35 g vi g en ra P i n s. r c e ,

G a s o lin e E n g in e s : T h e ir O p era t io n, U s e an d C are .

By A H Y T T V LL A c mp h iv imp l d A E RRI o re ens e, s e an p ra c

ic l w k i g f g gi f m i
. .

t a li
or i
t re at n o as o ne en n es o r s t a t o n a ry , ar n e
or v h ic l e h i c c i d ig m g m c
e
,

us e ; t e r o n s t ru t on , es n, an a e en t , a re ,

o p i e r at p i i ll i on , d b l A c mpl gl
re a r, nst a at o n an t rou es. o et e os
s a ry f c h ic l m d
o lp h b i c ll
te g d bl
n a t er s an an a a et a y a r ra n e ta e
o f bl
t ro u d mp m f m m v l b l d i q
es an sy to s or a o st a ua e an un ue
f f h b
e at u r e k 5% oC l h 2 75 p g
t 1 52 i ll
e oo . x ot . a e s, us
t rat io n s . Pric e,

G a s En g in e C o n s t ruc t io n .

O r Ho w t o Buil d a f p w G E gi
Ha l H o rs e By o er as n ne
LL d W D A p c ic l
-
.

P A RS E i d ib i
an h h y EE ra t a t r ea t se esc r n g ‘t e t eo r
d p i c ip l ci f gi f v i p
.

an f h r n es o t e a t on o gas en ne s o a r o us ty es ,
an d h d ig d c t c i f h lf h p w
e es n an o n st ru t on o a a o rs e o er g as
g i w i h ill c l p g
-

en i
ne, f h w k i t us t r at o n s o t e or n a t ua ro re s s ,
t g h w i h d im i d w ki g d w i g givi g cl l
o et er t ens on e or n ra n s n e ar y
th ize f h-
v i d il 300 p g T hi d di i
s es o t e a r o us et a s. a es . r e t o n.
Cl h ot . P i r c e,

T h e G a s o l in e E n g in e on t h e Farm : I t s O pe ra t i o n ,
R e p ai r an d U s e s .

By X E N o UT M A f l d p c ic l W P t r e a t is e o n
NA us e u an ra t a
m d g li d k gi i c c
. .

h
t e o e rn as o ne an er o s en e en n e, ts o n s t r u t io n ,
m gman a e pi d h m
e n t , r e a r an t e w h ic h i
any u s es t o t c an b e
a pp li d i p
e n d f m l if I c id ll h
re s e n t ay ar e t o ns ers a t e a r i o us v
h ld d fi ld d m
-
.

h o us e o h s Op an f hi
e us e s o
p t s u to at e ot o r an d
i cl d ch p gi i ll i p w m
- -
,

n u es a t e rs on en ne n s t a at o n , o e r t ra n s is s i o n
an d h t eb est gm f h
a rr a n e p w pl t i
en t o t e o er an n re er en e f c
to t eh w k 5%
or . Cl h 52 7 p g 1 79
x ot a es , i llus t ra .

t io ns . Pr ic e ,
Ho w Run a n d I n s t all T w o
to a nd F o ur C y c l e
-

M arin e , G a s o lin e E n g in e s .

By C VO N CUL IN The o e t bj c of t h i s l it t l ei s t o fu rb k
oo
p ck i c bg b
. .

n is h a o et n s t ru t o r fo r t h e e u s y m an w h o
i nn e r , t h e
uses a n e n gi f p l ne or e a s ur e p fi or rov t , b ut w h oo es n o t h a e d
t he t im i c li
e ior n n at on f or c c b ka mp
t e h n i al oo , b ut s i ly t o
t h o rou gh l d y d un e r s t an h w o p p Opto r o e r ly e ra t e , in s t a ll a n d
c are f hi
or w gi s o n en ne. P ck z op b d g
et s i e Pa e r in in
. .

P r i c e , 25 c e n t s

G E A R I NG A ND C AMS

B e vel G e a r T a le s b .

By D AG
EN S R G T OM
No o n e w h o h a s t o d o w it h e el bv
g b kd d g
. .

ear s i n a n y w a y s h o u l b e w i t h o u t t h is oo The es i n e r
d f m g c v c
.

a nd ra t s a n w i ll fi n d i t a r e at o n e n i e n e , w h il e t o t h e
mc a h in is t w h o t ur n s up t h e la n s o r b k c
u t s t h e t e e t h it i s
v b
in a lu a le , a s a l l n e e e i e n s io n s a r e d d dm gv
i en a n d n o an y f c
fig g d
u r in ne e be o ne T h ir e it i o n d lo t h d d
. C
Pr ic e , . .

C h a n ge G e ar D e vic e s .

C
B y O S A R E PE RR I A oo fo r e e ry GO e si n er, ra t s b k
an v d g d f m
mc c d f dc g k d
. .

a nd e h an i w h o i s in t e r e s t e in e e h a n es fo r a n y in
ofmc a h in e s T h is s h o w s w h at h a s e en o ne and h ow b d
Gv p p f m d Sv
.

i e s la n s , at e n t s a n d a ll in o r a t i o n t h a t y o u n e e a es
g g p c d v g d
.

h un t in t h ro u h a t e n t r e o r s a n d r e in e n t i n O l d i e as A
d d k f c d d
.

s t an ar wo r o f re e r e n e T h ir e it i o n Pric e, . .

D raft in g of C a ms .

By L OU R IS T h e l ay in
OU I L L I O N o ut o f
’

a g
s i s a s e r io us cm
bl m l k g p
.

pro e u n es s y o u n o w h o w t o g o at i t ri h t T hi s ut s
i gh d p c c k d
.

y ou on th e r t ro a fo r ra t i a lly a n y in o f c am y o u
a re lik ly te o run up a a in s t T h ir g
e it io n . d d .

P r i c e , 35 c e n t s

HY D R A U L IC S

Hy draulic E n g in e e rin g .

By G D
AR N ER DH x i sc o A t r e at is e o n t h e r o e rt ies , o we r, p p p
c p p c d g m
. .

a n d r e s o u r e s o f w a t e r fo r a ll ur o s e s I n l u in t h e e as
m pp c d
.

u re me n t s o f s t r e a s ; t h e fl o w o f w a t e r in i e s o r o n u it s ;
th h ep w f f lli g w ; t b i
o rs e o er o a n at er ur ne and i mp c w a t at er
wh l ; w v m c t i f g l c ip c i g d i li f
-

ee s a e- o t o rs , en r u a re ro at n an a r t
p m Wi h 300 fig d di g m d 36 p c ic l
-
,

u p s. t ur e s an a ra s an ra t a
t bla 32 0 p g
es . a e s. Pric e ,
 L A T HE W O RK

L a t h e W o rk fo r B e g inne rs .

By R A YM O D F TN YA ES A d
b o o k fo r t h o s e in t e r e s t e in
k c p d m
. . .

la t h e w o r w h i h o e n s up a n ew w o r l fo r t h e a a t e ur
k
wo r e r in w o o d andm et a l p v
I t w ill v b
ro e a a lua l e ai d
g mc pp c d
.

a ls o t o t h e y o un a h i n is t or a r en t i e w h o in t en s t o
mk a e l at h e w o r k cc p
h i s o u a t io n f q
I t o r e s e e s a ll h is u es t i o n s ,
g d c
.

and i t s a n s w e r s g o s t ra i h t t o t h e h e a rt o f h is i ffi ult y ;
b k
T h is o o d
s h o w s t h e r e a e r h o w t o s e t up h i s la t h e , e xp la in s
_

t he v ar i o u s t o o ls a n d t h ec c o r re t g m
w a y o f u s in t h e , an d
mk p
a es la in t he df if e r e n t la t h e m at t ac h en t s an d t h e ir
a pp cli a t i o n s g f m
T h e le s s o n s ra n e r o g b
t h e t u r n in of a ra s s
c mp m d pd m g
.

c up t o t h e o le t i o n o f a o e l ra i fi r e g un , a n d illin ,
g c g dc g g g d g f
-

ea r u t t in , t h r e a ut t i n , s a w i n an d r in i n a re s e t o rt h
f g mp c Am g c p c d
- -

w it h r e r e s h in si l i it y . on t he h a t ers o n t a in e
a re : I C ho osmg a L at h e S g II e t t in v g
u p a n d D r i in t he
L L L A c
.

at h e III T he at he and I t s Pa rt s IV at h e tt a h
m V M g
. .

e nt s a n d T h e ir U s e e a s u r in T o o ls a n d T h e i r U s e
A L M g Adv c d L
. . .

VI esson in et a l T u r n in VI I an e at h e
k V Sc g W d g M
.

Wo r III r e w C ut t in IX oo T ur n in X et al
Sp g d g Am M gL
. . .

in n in X I B u i l in an at e u r s e t a l T urn in at h e
d g S mp W d g L A
. .

X I I B u i l in a i le oo T u rn in at h e X II I
Md pd v
.

o el R a i Fir e Na a l Gun -
1 6 7 i l l u s t r a t io n s . .

T h L t h — I t D ig n C n t uc t i n a n d O p
e a e s es ,
o s r o e ra
t i n W it h P
o , ti l E x mp l s f L t h W k
ra c ca a e o a e or .

B O Cy E P S GO A w v i d di i
AR E RRI d h l ne re se e t on, an t e on y
c mpl Am i c w k bj c L h h i
. .

o et e h er an d or on t e su e t at e s t o ry an
m fc ig giv
.

th e l i r e at f h l h on s o t e l at e to an u a t ur n ar e en ; a so
a d c ip i f h v i d v ic f f d d h d
es r t on o t e a r o us e es or ee s an t re a
c i g m c h i m f m l ff i h i d i c i
ut t n e an s s h ro ear y e o rt s n t s re t on t o t e
p re s e n t im L h d ig i h g h l d i c d i c l d
t e. at e es n s t o ro u y s us s e n u
i g b ck g i g d iv i g c dc i g g ,

n a ear n h d ll
r n ones, t rea ut t n e a rs , an a
i l l m f h m d cl ific i
-
,

th e e s s en t a e el h Th en t s o t e o e rn at e e ass at o n
k giv i g h i l d iff c f h
.

o f l h at i es s t a en up , n t e es s e n t a e re n es o t e
se v l p f l h i cl d i g
era ty es o i ll d
at d es, n u n as s u su a y un ers t o o
en gi l h b c h l h p d l h f g l h
ne at es ,
.

en at es, s ee
,

at es, or e at es , ga p
,

l h at p ll l h f m i g l h m l ip l p i dl l h
es , u ey at es , or n at es , u t e s n e at es ,
p id d c i l h p ci i l h p ci l
-

ra re u t on at l h es, re s on at es , t ur re t at es , s e a
l c i c ll d iv dd i i
-

l h at es, e e l h
tr I
a y h rm en at es , et c n a t on to t e co
xp i i c ci d d ig m ch p c i c l
-
.

pl et e e os t on on o n s t ru t on an es n, u ra t a
m at t er l h i on ll i cat d Op e i h
n st a b i at on , . are an e ra t o n as e en n
d i
c o rp o r a t e h l g d w n di i t A ll k i d
e f l h
en a r e ne e t on .
‘
n s o at e
at t ach m f d illi g m illi g
en t s or d c ib d d r n n e t c ., are es r e an
c mpl i
o et eci giv
n s t ru t o n s b l h v ic m are
,

en
”

to ena e t e no e a
g p h Op i
.

c hi i n st to f l h ra s w ll
t eh a rt o at e er at on as e as t e
p i cipl inv lv d i d ig A mb f d iffi c l m ch i
r n es o e n es n nu er o u t a n
p i d c i b d l g h d i ll t d T h
.

i g n o erat o n s are es r e at en t an us t r a e e
w di i 469 p g
.

ne e h t on d 34 1 ill t
as i a es an us ra t o n s .

P i r c e,

T u nin g an d B in g T p rs
r or a e .

B y F D H COLV RE Th w w t t IN t p ere a re t o ay s o urn a er s

g
. .

th e
i h r w d t h Th i
ay ian h d wi h
o ne ot er. s t r e at s e as to o t
th egh w ;
ri ll
t h w ay h
it w k p p l
te s you o to s t a rt t e or ro er y,
h w o h l h
t o s et wh tl e d h w
at e,h m at t o o s t o us e an o t o us e t e
d f hi g t h ld f ll w
,

an do rt y th li l
an one
y h o er tt e t n s at ou s ou o o
d
.

F th
o ur e i t i o n. P i 35 r c e, c ent s
 L I! UID A IR

L iquid Air a nd t h e L ique fa c t ion of Gas e s .

By T O O SLO O C Th
’
hi d v i d d i i f hi
N R A NE e t r re se e t on t
b k h j b i d M ch w m i l i dd d o s
. .

oo as us t ee n ss ue u ne at er a to
ll i mp f liq i d p c
. s a e
i ;
t d h an t e a i d o rt a n t us e s o u a r an g as
md id p d ci p ci ll f i g
ro e s s es
i
n o i
e rn h n u s t ry , n t e ro u t on es e a y o n t ro en
c mp nd
o ou d c ib d T h b k giv h h i
s, are f h es r e e oo es t e s t o ry t
di c v y d m f c f Li q i d A i
. o e
th e o ry , s o er d an an u a t ur e o u r, an c on
i
t a ns i ll and d c ip i f ll h xp im u s t rat e h es r t on o a t e e er en t s t at
h v a xci d h w d f d i c ll v h c
e e te t e on er o au en es a o er t e o unt ry
h w li q i d lik i c i d h d d f .

I t h w s o s i w o u a r, e a t er, s arr e un re s
m il d l d i p b ck
o
d i h
es an s I ll w h
an m b e n o en u et s . t t e s at
xp c d f m i i h Ab k h
ay
f d
e
e e te ro t n t e n ear ut ur e oo t at r en
imp l m p p l x i g c h m ic l p b l m f h e rs
.

s f h
e o ne o t e o st er e n e a ro e s t e
c e n t ury .S li g d v l pm il l
t a rt db c l n i e e o e nt s us t r a t e y a t ua
o
e x pe r
m I
ent s . i l wt k f ci ific i s not d on y a or o s ent n t e re s t an
a ut h i b
or i ty,i d d—f h g ut l d big s n t en e or t e e n e ra re a er, e n
w i r i
tten ppl l n il ad d b v o u ar st y e ea s y un e rs t o o y e e ry o n e .
394 p g f lly ill
a es , d N w Ed i i u us t r a t e . e t o
n . Pric e,

L O C O M O T IV E E N G I NE E R I N G

A ir B ra k e C -
a t e c h is m .

OB T BL CK L T h i b k i
By R E R H d d x b k A AL s oo s a s t an ar te t oo
p c ic l d c mp l w k p b li h d T
. . .

I i t h s l t e on y ra t a an o et e or u s e re at s
q ipm m f c d b h W i gh
.

on h t e e u Ai ent anu a t u re y t e e st n o us e r
B k C mpra e i cl d i g h o E T L c m iv B k E q ip
any , n u n t e o o ot e ra e u
m K ( ! i c k S v i c ) T ip l V l v f f igh v
-

enth t e u er e r e a e or re t ser
i ce h L H i gh S p d T i p l V lv h P C P
; t
,

e g ee r e a e ; t e asse n er
B k E q ipm C C mp d P mp T h
-

ra e d h u ent an t e ro s s o o un u e
Op i f ll p pp xp l i d i d il
.
,

e rat o n f h io a a rt s o t e a ar at us s e a ne n et a
an d p c i c l w f l c i g h i p c li i i
a ra t d a m ay o o at n t e r e u ar t es an re
e dy i g h i n d f c i giv t E d d d d b i
e r e e ts s en . n o rs e an us e y a r
b k i c
ra e d x mi
n s t ru t o rs l v il d an e a n e rs on ne ar y e e ry ra ro a
in h U i d S
t e Tw v h di i
n te 11 p g t at es . en t y s e en t e t on 4 a es ,
f ll i l l d w i h f ld i g p l d di g m
-
.

u y us t r a t e N w t o n at es an a ra s e
di i
.

e t on . P ric e ,

W e s t in g h o us e E T A ir B ra k e In s t ruc t io n Po c k
'

-
. .

et b o o k C a t e c h is m .

By W WOOD A i B k I c
WM
’

A p c ic l w k r ra e n s t r u t o r. tra a or
c i i g x mi i q i
-
. .
,

ont a n n d w e h E T a n at o n ue s t o n s an a ns e rs on t e
Eq ipm C v i g wh h E T B k i H w i
. .

u e nt o er n at t e ra e s. o t
ld b p d Wh d f c iv N
. . . ‘

sh ou d whe o e ra t e at to o en e e t e ot a
q i k d f h gi m p m i
. .

ue s t o n b c anf e as e o t e en ne an up or ro o t on

on i h h
e t N 5 h N 6 E T
er q ipm h i
t e o or t e o. e u en t t at s n ot
k d d w d i h b k If g
. . .

as an w h
an s hl ere n t e oo you a nt to t o ro u y
d e
d h E T q ipm c p f hi b k I
.

un e rst an t e u en t g et a o y o t s oo t
xm
e
cv v d il M k i b k bl
.
. .

o e rs e ery d et a a es a r ra e t ro u es an e a i na

F ll ill d w i h c l d pl
-
.

ti ons h w g u y u s t ra t e t o o re at e s , s o in

i
v a r o us p S m f h pl
ea s y
p i d i 16
.

r e s s u res o e o t ese at e s a re r nt e n
d iff cl dl d B k
.

e re n t Thi i h o o rsh E T s s t e s t an ar oo on t e
Ai B k Cl h R vi d d gd d
. . .
.

r- ra e. ot . e se an en ar e e i t i on .
L ink M o t io n s , V a lv e s an d Va lv e S e t t in g .

By F D H COLV A ci Ed i RE f A m ic M I N, s so at e t or o
“
er an a
A h d b k h cl h m f v lv
.

hi i i
”
c n st an y oo t at e a rs up t e y st er es o a e
t i g S h w h d i ff v lv g
.

se t n i h w
o h ys t e e re n t a e e a rs n us e , o t e
w k li d v lv f d iff p
.

or d wh Pi and y st o n an s e a es o e rent ty es
d d xp l i d A b k h v
,

d
.

a re i ll us t r a t e il an e a ne oo t at e e ry ra ro a
m iv p w d p m gh h v F ll
.

m i
an h n t e ot e o er e a rt ent ou t to a e. u y
t d vi d d c t ly p b li h d
-

ill us t r a e N w . e re se e i t i on re en u s e .

Pric e , 75 c ent s

T rain Rul e E x a m in a t io n s M a d e E a s y .

By G C LL G WOOD T h i i h l p c ic l w k
E O IN s s t e on y ra t a or on
p i E v d il i c v d d p zz li g
. . .

i
t ra n r u e sl ni r nt e ry et a s o ere , an u n
xp l i d i imp l c mp h iv l g g
.

p i
o nt s a re e a ne n s e, o re ens e a n ua e ,
m k i g i p c ic l
a n t a ra t a i
t r e at s e f h i
o r t e t ra n d i p ch s at er, en

gi ne m an , t ra in m
an an d ll
a h
ot wh
e rs h v
o d
a e to wi h h
o t t e
mvm
o e e nt s o f
t ra n si C i c mp l
o nt a n s o d
et e an li b l
re ai f e n or
m i f h S d d C d f T i R l f i g l ck
.

at o n o t e t an ar o e o ra n u es or s n e t ra
S h w ig l i c l d d iff d E
.

o s s na s n o o r s , a s us e h
on t e e r en t r o a s x
p l i f ll h p c ic l pp lic i f i d givi g
.

a ns u y t e ra t a a at on o t r a n o r e rs , n
a cl d d fi i
ear d an d i g f ll d wh ic h m
e n te un ers t a n n o a or e rs ay
b e d S c d di i
us e v i d 234 p ge on F ll ill e t on re se
'

a es . u y us
ig l i cl
. .

t d wi h
ra t e ,
i t t ra n P i s na s n o o rs . r c e,

L o mo t i e B
co kd w n nd T h eir Re m di s
v re a o s a e e .

By G L F LEO R vi d b W m W W d Ai B k
OW ER. e se y oo r ra e
c P ck di i
-

q i
.
. . .
,

I n s t ru t o r I i f h o et e t on. t s o ut o t e ue s t o n t o t ry
b v bj c h i c v d i h i
.

an d ll te y ou a o ut e e ry su e t t at s o ere n t s
p c k d i i f L c m iv B k d w
o et e t on J im gi ll
o o ot re a o ns u st a ne a
xp c h pp
o e
c mm bl h gi
.

t h e o on m
t ro u es t at an en neer ay e e t to a en
so m im d h d d l l f h
e t e, xp c d
an t en bl d a a o t e un e e t e o nes , t ro u es
t h c ld cc b h y h d v h gh b
at ou o ur , ut t at ou a ne er t ou t a o ut an

y ou w ill fi d h h ll n d wi h h v b
t at t ey are a t reat e t t e er y
,

e st
m h d pi W l h L c m iv V lv G
'

et f o s o re a r a sc a e rt o o ot e a e e ar
b l El c ic H dligh T b l
.

T ro u es , e w ll
tr ! i ea t ro u es , as e as ue s t o n s
an d A h Ai
n s w e rs B k ll i c l d d
on Ei h h
t e r ra e, a re a n u e g t
di i 2 94 p g F ll i ll d
.

e t o n. a P i es. u y us t r a t e . r c e,

Pra c t ic al I n s t ruc t o r a n d R e fe re n c e Book fo r

Loc om m o t iv e Fir e e n a n d E n g in e e r s .

By CH F L O CK H T A
AS i l w b k h l c AR n e n t re y ne oo on t e o o
m iv I pp l v dm
. . .

ot e. il t a i l l h im h w
ea s to e e ry ra ro a an, as t te s o
t hi g n d s d h a re ig h w d h m
on e W i by an t e r t ay to o t e r t t en
f p c i c l xp i c i l m
. .

a m wh anh h d y o as a e a rs o ra t a e e r en e n oco o
t iv eh p d
s h o dfiig d s ani g Th on i f t e roa r n an r un n n e n or
g iv i h i b k c f d i
.

m i at o n b en n ht s oo an n o t e o un n an y ot er
s im i l i
ar Ei gh h d d d fif
t r e at q i wi h
se. t un re an ty one ue st o n s t
i c l d d w h i c h w i ll p v p c i lly h lpf l
-

th i w
e r ans e rs are n u e ro e s e a e u
t o h t p p i g f x mi i
ose 36 2 p g
re 8 8 i ll
ar n or e
,

a n at o n . a es , us t ra
ti o ns .Cl h ot . P i r c e,

D iary o f a R o un d Ho us e Fo e m an -
r .

By T S R L L Thi i h g b k f il d
EI Y s s t e r ea t e st oo o ra ro a ex

p i er e n c e sv p ub li h d C i i g f d f i f m i
. .

e er
.

s e o nt a n n un n at o n
gg i g h li f h dli g m g iz i g a
. o or
an d su l e st o n s a on t e ne o an n en, or an n
ff d m i 1 76 p g ,

t
e c ., th t t a one c an no a or to ss. a es.
 L m
oc o o t v e En g ne Runnin
g a nd Ma n a g e m en t
i i
B y Am GU SE CL N M E f m ly E di
S IN R i w d AI R, or er t or
.

Lc vd g i g Sh w h w m g an
. .
, ,
a l ay
”
o o ot i e n i ne er n
l o s o to ana
mc v d c pbe d giv ci f h e a oco
.

ot i e, es i ri s it s a rt s an n s t ru t o n s
p es t
l c m iv c c or e
a re , an i d re h i a i rs i o o o ot es an t t o ns
CAO NT ENT S —
e r o nn e
E g H w E gi
‘ .

d Th i D i n i n e e rs an e r ut e s
re M d
R d
I p c i a f h Lcm v G ig R d
e. ns e t on o t e o o ot i e.
. o
et t n
n n ee rs

i g F F igh T i G i g U p ea y
f or h t Re oa un n n a ast t ra n et t n
F h i g h T ip H d S m i g E gi
. re
H ll
.
.

h
.

t e i ini s n t e r ar t
Sh f W bx A n
ea
d F cc id
. .
-
n n e s.
o rt ne s s B il o at e r. o er s an i re e nt s.
C c hg R d S i d R d d W dg
o es .
o n ne t in o V lv M i
s, e o s an e es . ot
St W
-

V lv T c
a on.
-
e
et tin Th
t e i gh Ai B k a es . e est n o us e
v c f A pp c r ra e. ra
-

i e w d T i o R i er D an li C m ra n e s s t an e. ra t
b us t i o n
_

S
Ex m
am d M iv P w S
tei gh F d L b i an ot e o e r. t
an es. o

f Fi m P m i R vi d
ee u
-
. -
. r
c a t o r s. i f a i na t on o re en or ot on.
T w t y T h d Ed i 4 36 p g d P i
ro e se
en -
ill
ir t i on , a es , u s t rat e . r ce,

L o c o m o t v e s S mple C o mp un d a n d El e t i c i i o c r
H C R G L c m iv E gi D c ib
, , , .

B y EA h
A N, o o ot e n n e e r. es es t
d l g c i c i Op i pi f v y t p
.
. . r e
es i n, d
on s t ru t on, e ra t on, an
c m v —V f ll i ll d
re a r o e er y e
o f o o ot e e ry u y us t r a t e
Ci O NT ENT S L m iv B il F S m C l
. .

E d
‘

: oco ot e o er . ro n t n t
d c i F m D ivi g B x d Sp i g
. ea y
'
n ersd C an o nn e t on ra e s, r n
d C
o es, an
R iggi g ci V lv G i g C m
r n
-
.

R dn o s an on n e t o n s. a e ea r n
p d L c m iv I d ic C d S p h o
.
.

o un o o ot I j e. n at o r ar s. u er eat e rs . n ec
B k d B k R iggi g Li q id F l El c i c
-

t o rs , ra es an ra e n u ue tr
L c m iv App Op
e
. .

o o ot E esi l h i f a r a t us ssen t a t o t e er a t o n
El c i c L c m t iv El c ic C l Sy t m T p ic l
.
o
e tr o o o es, e tr on t ro s e s y
El c i c E gi e Fift h Edit i 9 32 p g
a
e tr n n s. P on , a es . ri c e ,

Pra c t c al L o c o m o t e Run n n g a n d Ma na g e m en t
i iv i
W G K GHT A p c ic l b k f h il d m
.

B y EO NI ra t a oo or t e ra an ,
p p i g f x mi i
ro a
p ci lly h lpf l
. . .

s e a h e u T he
to t ose re ar n or e a nat on
c d v i d di i k d l wi h h
.

ne w se on f hi w re se e t on o t s or ea s t t e
p i c ip l f l c m iv gi i g i p c ic l m
r n es o o o ot e en ne er n n t an n e r,
d xp l i
a ra
f ll d c l l t h bj c h t
a
an e a ns u y lly an ear y ose su e ts t a a re u s ua
d iffi c l u t d d b m w h c ll Op
t o un e rs t a n y en o a t ua y e r at e an d
m i i l c m iv T h b k i p f l i l l
a nt a n o o ot d d es e oo s ro us e y ust ra t e an
i cl d m y p d ci f d wi g d m d l d
.

n u es an re ro u t ons o ra n s an o e s us e
b y h t h e i
aut c f h p p or f m ki g
as an n st ru t o r or t e ur o ses o a n
c l h p i c ip l t h
e ar t e d li h c r n ci d p es at un er e t e o n st ru t on an o e ra
t on i f h v i p t f h l c m iv gi
t e a r o us Th ar s o t e o o ot e en ne e
imp li it w h ic h h d p bl m d h
o .

i h n t ese s t re a t e as
xm
s c ar ro e a re
m d h w k v p p l Th p p i g f
a e t
y
e or e ry o u ar ose re ar n or an e a

i i
nat o n f l c m t iv g or fi m w i ll fi d t h i
o o o e en i n e er or re an n s
v l m m t h lpf l 54 1 P g , 1 6 9 i ll
o u e os i e u . a es ust ra t o n s .

Pric e,

M A C HI NE S HO P PR A C T IC E

C mple t e P c t l M c h n t
o ra ica a i is
J O HU R O T h w w i h v i d d l g d
.

B y S A SE. e ne t ent et re se an en a r e
di i i w d T h i i
t on sf h b k w b k
no re a y s
,

s one o t e est no n oo s
m ch i h p w k d w i p c ic l w k
e .
-

on a f h
ne s o or an r t t en or t e ra t a or
g g f t h w k h p I giv f ll p i
-

m i
an h l n t e an ua e o e or s o t es u ra c t
ci f ll k i d f m l w ki g
,
.

ca l i h
n st ru t o n s o n l t e use o a n s o et a or n t oo s,
b h h d d m ch i ld b
-

ot an d ll h w h w kan h a ne, an te s o t e or s ou e
p p l d
ro I c v
er y l h w k v i w k d ill d
on e. t o e rs at e or se or r s an

d illi g p d d i h d i g d t mp i g h m k g , ,

r n , ta s an es , ar en n an e er n t e a in
l g i d i g m ki g w k m chi
,

an d f luse o t oo s, t oo r n n ar n o ut or a ne
N m ch i i lib c mp l w i h , ,

i hi
’
t l
oo s, et c . o a n st s ra ry s o et e t o ut t s

vo ul m 54 7 p g 4 32 ill
e. i P i a es , us t r a t o n s . r c e,

28
A bras iv e s and Ab rasive W h eel s
B F D B J COB A wb kf v di
.

y RE A i t S ne oo or e e ry o ne n e re s t e n
b v g i di g A c f l d i g f t h b k w ill
. .

a ra s i es or r n n a re u rea n o e oo
ly m k m c ic b b b iv
.

n ot on h la e i
e l an s et t er a e to us e a ra s es nt e
l g i t ly ben i w ill l ll h ut h p p it d
t f m a so te t e s o su er n e n e nt o any
S h c
o rt d ffi i
,

y i c
ut s i g ki k
an Th c mic d
e c e nc n re a s n n s. ono
f lly xp l i d
e e
v g mg l g g i d i g w h l
a
-

ant a e in us ar e r n n ee s are u e a ne
to g h wi h m
et er h hi g t h w i ll d giv hany ot er t n s t at t en to e t e
,

su p d
eri n t en w km k i ig h i
ent orb iv or an a een ns t nt o
‘
a ra s e en
g 34 0 p g
i n e e ri n
g 1 74 ill i Thi i i di
a es , us t ra t o n s . n
p n bl b k f v y m ch i i t s s an s
.

e sa e oo P ior e er a n s . r c e,

M ac h in e Sh o p A it h m et ic r
B COLV CH Y M p p l b k f h p m S h w
.

y IN EN E o st o u ar oo or S O en . o s
ll h p p b l m w k d I cl d
-
.

h w o a s o d why ro e s are or e o ut an
“ ”
n u es
ch g g c i g y t h d ; d ill p m ic
.

an f
e e a rs or ut t n an rea s r s, ta s ; et r
m fm
sy st e m o d h d U d b ll c l
e as u r e f e nt s an t rea s se a a sse s o
m c h ic d f i t c i i Y M C A d h y
.

e an s an or n s ru t o n n an ot er
c h l S v t h d it i 1 31 p g
. . . .

s o o s. e en P i 75 te o n. a es ; r c e, c en s

Sh o p Kin k s
”

O B T G M H W T h i h w p ci l m h d f d i g
.

By R ER RI S A s s o s s e a et o s o o n
w k f v i ki d d l i g c f p d c i
.

or o a r o us H n s, an re e as n ost o ro u t on as
d ki k f m m f h l g h p i hi c
.

hi nt s an n s ro so e o t e ar est s o s n t s o un
d E
t ry a n p Y lm uro fi d m h pply
e ou a re a o st s ur e t o n so e t at a
w k ch v im d b l
.

to y o ur d i or an n su a w ay as t o sa e t e an t ro u e.
39 3 p g F if h d i i d Cl h P i
,

a es I ll
. t e t on . u s t ra t e . ot . r ce ,

Ho m e M c h n W k h p C mp n i n
e a ic s or s o o a o
A D W J CK O J Thh i i cl d c mpil
.

B y N RE A S i N, R s t r e at se n u es a o a
f l gg i c f il i
.

ti fon o us e u su h est ons t at annot a to n t e re s t t e

h d m
an yd w h il i ian , i d d f m ch ic l
an e t s not n t en e or e an a ex
p e rt s c i i i w i ll p v
or s b v i bl
ent st s , f t ro e to e a er ta e s t o re o
i f m i
n or f at o nwh d i ig or m ll h any o n e o es res to r up a s a s Op
wh dd j b
ere b
o c id o P i 75
s tuc an .
e a rr e on. r c e, c en

T h re a d s ut t in g
an d T h re a d C
ST B L c m m
.

By C O L V I N a n d A E T h is l e a r s up a ny o f t h e y s t e r ie s
o f t h re adc g c
ut t i n , s u h a s d b
_

p d .

o u l e a n d t r i l e t h r e a s , in t e r n a l
d c c g
t hrea s , at h in d b C
t h r ea s , u s e o f h o s , e t c o n t a in s a l o t
f v b d d
.

o f u s e u l h i n t s a n d s e e r a l t a le s T h i r e it io n
‘
35 c e n t s . .

Sh p P o t ic f Ho m M c h an ic s
ra c e or e e
R YM O D F C YT A h gh ly p c ic l d
.

B y A N RA N IS A ES t o ro u ra t a an
h lpf l b k p p d p ci ll fo h w h h v h d li l
.

e u oo re ar e es e a y r t ose a e a tt e
x p i c i h p w k T h i d c i i giv
o
or no e er en e n s o or e n t ro u t on s en
v l m xpl i f h f d m l f
.

o er to an e e e n t ar y e an at o n o t e un a e nt a s o
m ch ic l ci c T h i i f ll w d b v l c h p
e an a s en e t e rs o n
s s o o e y se e ra a

h
t e us e o f m ll
s a l d m ch
t o o s an ic l m
e an a i i m
ea s ur n g n s t ru e nt s

El m d m dv c d l h w k i di d
.

e e n t ar y a n o re a an e at e or s t r e at e n e
ta il d di c i
an re t o ns gi v f h cen or t e ci f mb
o n st ru t o n o a nu er
of f l h w ppli c D illi g d m i g h
use u s o a an e s r n an re a n , e at t re at
m p ci l l h Op i m ki g
.

e nt f
o l
t oo l
st e e , s e a at e e ra t o n s , pa t t e r rr a n ,
g i di g d g i di g p i h m f d w k
r n n , an r n n o e r at o n s , o e o u n ry o r , et c ,
mk b k mi hi g
.

a e up t h e re st f h
o li m
t e vo i Th e e oo o t s not n .

h
t at w il l b e o f h
us e t o t o s ewh l h wh
o u s e t o o s o r t o t o se o

wi h to l e a rn t h e us e of l Th
t oo s g e mb f cl
rea t nu er o ea r
g vi g d d m h h x m
s
vl f
.

e n ra n s a uc to t e t e t d h
at t e r a n to t e a ue o
h
t e vlmo u e as a vi l i c
s ua Si 6 x 9
n s t r u t o r. ze 32 0 p g a es
g v i g N w Ed i i
. .

3 09 en ra n s e t on . P i r c e, .
 T HE W H O L E F I E L O F M E C HA NI C A L D
M O V E M E NT S I S C O V E RE BY D
HI S C O X S T W O B O O KS
’
.

p bli h w b k by G d D H i c x h w ill
We u s t o oo s ar n er s o t at
k p f m i v g hi g h h v b e d b
.

“
ee you ro n en t i n t n s t at a e en o ne e
f gg w f d g h g h h v
e

d an su e st ay s o oin t in s t at you a e not

t h gh f b f
o re
ou M t m p d im d m e o re . a ny a an s en s t e an o n ey
p g v m m c h ic l p b l m l l
o n d e ri n
o
o f
er s o e e an a ro e on y to e a rn , a t er
lv d p bl m h h m h i g h b ,

h e h as h so e t e ro e t at t e sa e t n as een
a cc mp li h d d i p c ic b h l g b f
o s e T im
an put n ra
,

t e y ot e rs on e o re . e
an d m p i ff
o n ey cc mp li h w h h l s e nt n an e o rt to a o s at as a
re a d b y cc mp li h d im
e en d m l aTh o s e ar e t e an o n ey o st e
w h l fi ld f m c h c v k w m ch ic l m v m
.

o e e o e an i s, e e ry no n e an a o e e nt
d p c i c ll v d v ic i c v d b h b k ,

an ra t a w y e e ry e e s o ere y t ese t o oo s
hi g b i v d i i ill di
.

If h t e w ht n y ou ant as e en n e nt e t s us t rat e n
h m b iv d h h m
'
,
’ ’
t e If i h ll fi d i
t asn t e en n ent e t en y ou n n t e
hi g Wh t m mvm
.
,

th e n e are s t w t n s to a you ant so e o e e nt or

d v ic h w ill pp l i
e e t c p hp at w h ic h w ill a y n y o ur ase,
,

er a s ; or
g iv e k f m w h ich w k N b k
you a f
ey ro to or . o oo or s et o
b o o ks e v e r pu bli s h e d i s o f m o r e r e a l v a lu e t o t h e i n v e n t or ,
d r aft s m a n o r pr a c t i c al m e c h a n i c t h a n t h e s e t w o v o lu m es .

E a c h b o o k s o ld s e pa r a t e ly .

M ec h a nic al M o ve m e n t s Po w e r s a nd e v ic es . D
By G D D H AR Thi i NER c c rs c o x
,
s s a o ll e t i o n of
g v i g f di ff m c h ic l m i ppli c
. .

en ra n s d o e re n t e an a ot ons an a an es,
a cc mp i d b y pp p i
o an e x m ki g it b k f g t a ro r at e te t, a n a oo o re a
vl a ue h i v toh d f m t d e ll d n e n t o r, t e ra ts an , an to a rea e rs
w i h m ch
t ic l The b k i d iv i d d i
an igh a t ast e s e oo s e nt o e t e en
ci ch p w h ic h t h bj c m i cl ifi d
.

se t o ns i or a t ers , n e su e t at t e r s a ss e
d h f ll w i g h d M c h i c l P w mi
-

un er t e o T o n ea s : e an a o e rs ; ra n s s
i
s on f P w M m f P w ; S m P w Ai
er ; e a s u re en t o o er t ea o er ;
App li c El c ic P w d C
o o r
P w o er c i N vi
an es ; e tr o er an o n s t ru t on ; a
d R d G ig M i d D vi c
,

g at i on an C oa l s ; e ar n ; ot on an e es ; o nt ro
li g M i
n ; H l gic lot M i i g M i ll d F c
on A ppli o ro o a ; n n ; an a t o ry
au c C esci ; d D v ic D f i g D vi c
o n s t ru Mi l t on an e es ; ra t n e es ; sc e
l D v ic
a n e o us F if h d i i e 4 09 c v pg e s, et c . t eent e t on . o ta o a es .

Pri c e ,

M e c h a n i c al ppli n c s M e c h n ic al M o v e m ent s A a e , a
an d N l t s o f C o n t ru c t n o ve ie s io
By G D H x Thi i ppl m y v l m
.

D AR N ER i sco s s a su e e nt a r o u e
p m c h ic l m v m U l ik fi
. .

t th e o ne U h
on e an a o e e nt s . n e t e rs t
v l m w h ic h i m l m c c v m
o
o u e,
y i h h i l
s o re e e en t a r n ar a t e r, t s o u e
c i ill
o nt a ns i d d c p i f m c mb i
u s t r at o n s an es ri t ons o an o na
ti on s f m i d f m ch i c l d v ic
ot on s pp li c an o e an e es an a an es
f d i d iff t li O f m ch i y ch d vic b i g
o a
o un n e r en nes a ner ea e e e n
sh w o by n li d w i g w i h d c ip i h w i g i
a ne ra n t a es t on
,

r s o n ts
w ki g p
or n d h m hd f p i a rt s F m h an t e et o o e r at o n ro t e
m l i d f d v i c d c ib d d i l l d m igh t b m
o .

u t tu e o e es es r e an u s t ra t e e en
ti d
on e i p i g ch i m n c v ass nd l v su te s as on ey o rs an e e at o rs ,

y b k h mm v i p f b il
, ,

P ro n ra es, t l er o e t e rs , ar o us ty es o o e rs , s o ar
en gi il f
n es , l b c d o vp t ue C li u rne rs , on en s e r s , e a o ra o rs , or ss
v lv g gv gi w m
-

an d th o er g a e ea rs , o e rn o rs , as en nes , at e r o t o rs
o f v i d c ip i
a r o us i h ip m d d
es m r t ons, a r s s, o t o rs an yn a os,
a ut om b il d m
o b i cl es ilw l ck
an ig l ot or cy es, ra ay o s na s , c ar
c pl li k d g m i b ll b i g b ch bl ck
ou e rs , n an ea r ot o n s , a e ar n s, re e o
m ch i m f h v g
e an s d l g cc m l i Of
or ea y un s , an a ar e a u u at o n
ot h f q
e rs l i mp o c e p ci ll m d g vi g
ua o rt a n e s e a y a e en ra n s.
ct v p g F h vi ed di i
.

396 o a o a P i es . o urt re s e t o n. r c e,

30
 M A R I NE E NG I NEE R I NG
Nav Sh ipb uil d e r Po c k e t
’ °
Tl e al A rc h it e c t s an d s
éook
of F m l Rl or d T bl d M i
u ae , E gi d
u es , an a es , an ar ne n n e er s
’
an
S v ur H dy B k f R f c B CL M T M CK
ey o r s
’
an oo o e e re n e y E EN A
WOOLL D T h l v h vi d d
.

Ro w d L an L O YD AR e e e en t re se an en
l g d di i f t hi m c mp h iv w k h j b
.

ar e e t on o s o st o re en s e or as us t e en

i d I i b l t ly i d i p b l t l l g g d i h
s s ue t s a so u e n s en s a e o a en a e n t e

S h ipb ild i g I d t y it c d c mp c f m
.

u n i n us r as on e ns es nt o a o a t or
ll d d f m l di ily q i d T h b k ,
a at a h t an or u ae t a ar e or n ar re u re e oo
i c mp l d i cl di g m g h bj ct
.

s lyo p et e u t o at e , n u n a on o t er su e s a
ci
se t on A ut ic 7 50 p g
on limp l h b i di g
er o n a s. a es, ea t er n n .

Pr i c e , net

M arin e D e s gn a nd
E n g in e s a n d B o il e r s , T h e ir i
C o n s t ru c t i o n T h e St a n d a rd B o o k
G B U L L S RO B T O d S B
. .

B D y R A D E R, ES IE ER S N an RYA N ON
d fD B h p k w i
. . . .

KI N I h w n t ew or s o r. a ue r , t e re s en t or o es ts
or ig f f l w
in f
to c d d an i o mb d ii g
t e t an t o a on en s e t r ea t se e o y n
th h e ic lt d p c ic l
e o r etl d i d ig i g m l
a an ra t a ru e s us e n es n n ar n e
en gi d b il
ne s Th w k i cl an l w i ho ghhers e or s ea r y rt t e n , t o ro u y
m ic h i c ll d w h i l h ch c
.

sy st e at t f
e o r et a y s o un ; e t e a r a t er o t e
pl d w i g bl
an s , d i ic
ra
,

i wi h n pl w ch
s, ta es an st at st s s t o ut r e ro a
c f l p d ci f m c k
.

T h ill e i u s t ra t o n s a re a re u re ro u t ons ro a t ua or
i g d wi g
n wi h
ra m w ll x c d p h g ph i c vi w f
n s, t so e e e e ut e ot o ra e s o
mp l d gi d b il 74 4 p g
-

co et e 5 5 0 i ll
en ne s an o e rs . a es , us t ra t i o n s ,
an d m nu bl e r o usP i ta t es . r c e, ne

M A NU A L T R AI NI NG

Ec o n o mi c s of M anua l T ra in in g .

By L b k
ou i s gv j T h e o n ly
RO U IL oo t h at
L I O N. i e s us t t h e in
f m
or dd
at i o n d m
n ee e g
b y a ll i n t e r e s t e in a n ua l t r a in in re
g d g b d g q pm
ar i n pp S
u i l i n s , e ui xc e nt and su li e s h o w s e a t ly
,

dd g d kf m K d
.

w h at I S n e e e fo r a l l r a e s o f t h e w o r ro t he i n er
g m Sc Gv mz d
g a r t e n t o t h e Hi h a n d No r a l h o ol i es i t e i e li s t s
.

v g dd j g c
.

o f e e r y t h in n ee e a n d t e ll s u s t w h a t it o u h t t o o st
A pp d Sc d
.

l s o s h o w s w h e re t o b uy s u lies Illus t ra t e e on
d C
. .

e it io n lo t h . . Pr i c e ,

M I NI NG
Pro s pe c t o r Fi e l d B o o k Guide
’
s -
and
S O BO N w 1 92 0 d i i vi d d nl g d
.

By H S RN e e t o n, re se an e ar e
M W di i f h i v l m
. . .

by B wi Th l v on e rn e tz e as t e t on o t s o u e
p b li h d i 1 9 1 0 I d h p vi v di i
. . .

was u s e n t an t e re o us se en e t on s
i bl im d i i w ill
.

w e re f h
su t a Th w i h
e or t o se t es e ne n nt e t on
f d i bl f h p im W h il h l d i m
.

b e o un su ta e or t e r e s en t t e e t e o t e
p p c w ill lw b imp fc k w l dg
-
.

ro s e t or h a ay s e an o rt a n t a t or, t e no e e
o f d anch f h c mm d
s e ar m i l i b i gi gor t e o on an r a r er n e ra s s r n n
o ut m wh t
en i d t m dg I
o h fi ld h
a re ra n e o so e e r ee . n t e e t ey
nee d h d— d gg iv p ck b k c i —i g h i
a an y an su est e o et oo o nt a n n nt s on
p p c i g wh ch d h w t c ch d i
-

ro s e t n e re to s ea r an o o t e st ou e n
Simp l m 375 p g 57 ill
e t er i s.N w di i a es . us t rat o n s . e e t on.
P ri c e ,
 MO DEL M A KI NG
M o d e l M a kin g .

YMO D F C Y T A w b k f t h m ch i
By RA N RA N IS A ES ne oo or an c
m d l m k T h i i h fi b k f i ki d b e e
.

an d o e a er. s s t e rs t ts
oo n to e
p bli h d i h i c
u s d ell h i d i mdl
n t s o unt r y , an a t ose nt erest e
o
n e
engi i g h ld h v c p T h fi igh c h p
n eer n s ou a e a o y e rs t e t a t e r s a re
o

dv d ch bj c S ilv S ld i g H T m
.

e ot e to su su e ts as er o er n , e at re a t en t
of S l L h W k Pt ee M ki g G i di g at Th e or a t t er n a n r n n et c e
m i i g w f c h p d c ib h c ,

ci f , , .
,

re a n n t ent y o ur a t e rs es r e t e o n s t ru t on o
v i m d l ch p id fi vlg p d b
-

a r o us o e s su as ra re na a un s , s ee o at s .
mdl m g bi 4 00 p g
.

o e s t ea 30 1 i ll
en i n es , t ur n es , et c . a es . us
t rat i o ns . Pri c e ,

M O T O R B O AT S
M o t o r B o a t s an d B o a t M o t o rs .

By V W PA G E a n d A C L EI T C H A ll wh o are in t e re s t e d
m b k m c mp v
. . . . .

in ot o r w i ll fi n d t h i s l a t e s t w o r a
o at s o st o re h e ns i e
d g c
t r e a t is e o n t h e es i n , o n s t r u t i o n , o e r a t io n a n d r e a i r o f c p p
m b ot or p
o at s a n d t h e i r o we r la n t s I t is r e a l ly t w o c o m p
b k cv c p c
.

ple t e oo s in o n e o e r , a s it o n s is t s o f t w o a rt s , e a h
c mp
o f
le t e in i t s e l Pa rt o n e e a ls w i t h T H E U A ND d H LL
F GS p c d W LA
.

IT S IT T I N a rt t w o o n s i e r s T HE PO ER P NT
A ND I T S A LA S ,

UX I I RIE a lu a le e a t u r e o f t h is oo Av b f b k
c mp dm d k gd g d g
.

is t h e o le t e s e t o f i e n s i o n e w o r in r a w in s e t a ili n
c
t he c df
o n s t ru t io n o f fi v e i f e r e n t t y es o a t s r a n in ro p Of b g gf m
a 16 f o ot d f
s h a ll o w ra t , t un n e l s t e rn e n e r a l u t i li t y ra t to g c f
f cb c c mp v k
-

a 2 5 oot a in r u is e r I t is a o rehe nsi e w o r o f ref

c d m b g
-
.

e re n e fo r a ll i n t e r e s t e in ot or o at in i n a n y o f it s
p h a s es 3 72 i llus t ra t io n s
. 52 4 a es New E it io n . pg d . .

Pric e,

M O T O RC YC L E S

M o t o rc y c le s a n d Sid e C a r s : T h e ir C o n s t ruc t i o n ,
M a na g e m e n t a nd R e p a ir .

By V C TO I c ib f lly ll l di g p i f
R W PA E G Des r es u a ea n ty es o
m ch i d ig c ci m i c pl .
.

a h i ne s, t e r es n, o n s t ru t o n, a n t e n an e, o e ra t o n

an d p i S h w ll w imp v m i m c c
re a r. o s a ne ro e ent s n ot or y e c on
ci
s t ru d g iv
t h
on m c mpl i c i
an v esb t e o st o et e n st ru t o n s e er pu
li h d f
s e i g d iv i g
or d p i i g ll p f m
s t a rt n r n an re a r n a ty es o ot or
c cl T h i
y es. m 1 xp i i f m d
e re si g
,

a co p et e e os t on o o e rn s t a rt n
m h d d f ll xp l i f h Op i g p c pl
et o s an a u
_

e a n at o n o t e e r at n ri n i es

an d pi f h w re m i c l c i c l ig h i g
a r o t m e ne a ut o at e e tr t n sy st e s.
Th c e f h g
ar e o b t m ic e e n e r at o r , s t o r ag e at t e ry , a ut o at c u t o ut
p i c l l x p d d A ll p f c h g
-

an d h ot er a rt s s ear y e o un e ty es o an e
p dg d cl ch f ll d l f ll i
.

s ee e ar s li an ut es a re u y o ut ne a so u n s t ruc
ti onsf h i A c mpl
or t w ch p
e r h b us edd d o et e ne a t er
,

as e en a e
gh v h li g d p i i g f m c c l
.

on h h
t e t o ro u o er au n an re a r n o ot or y e
en gi ll p c
n es , f l l d c ib d d i l l
a ro d Thes s es a re u y es r e an us t r at e e
r d ld w h p w d c d p ci i
.

ea i er s h w
to at a rt s e a r, o to et e t e re at on
an d h w m k ll p i
o d to dj m c a e a re a rs an a us t e nt s n e ess ary to
m k h gi
a e t g d e w en 6 93 p g 3 7 1 ill
ne as oo as ne a e s, us t ra
N w R vi d d E l g d Ed i i
.

ti ons. e P e se an n ar e t on. ric e ,

33
 PA T T E R N M A KI NG
Pra c t i c a l Pa t t e rn M a king
F OW c mp v b k
.

By B A RR W S T h is oo is a o reh e n s i e and
p c c bj c p mk g
-
. . .

e nt i r e ly ra t i a l t r e a t is e o n t h e su e t of a t t e rn a in ,
i llu s t r a t in g
at t e rn w o r in p k b
o t h w oo d an d m e t a l , a n d w it h
dfi e n it e in st r u t io n s o n t h e u s e c Of p p
la s t e r o f a r is in t h e
d
t ra e It i es s e i g v p c fic
and d
e t a ile d d c p
e s r i t io n s of t he
m d p mk d c b
.

at e r i a ls us e by at t e r n a ers an d e s ri e s t h e t o o ls ;
b o t h t h o s e fo r t h e en h b c
a nd t h e m gmc
o r e i n t e r e s t in a h in e
t o o l s ; h a in o v g c mp c p c c
l e t e h a t e r s o n t h e l a t h e , t h e i r u la r s a w
and t h e an s aw b It i es d gv m
an y e a x mp Of p
le s k at t e r n w o r
pg d
. .

Ne a r ly 3 5 0 a es , 1 70 i l lu s t ra t io n s T h ir , 1 9 2 2 , e dit i o n ,
v d gd
.

r e is e a n d e n la r e . Pri c e,

PE R F U M E R Y

Pe rfu m a n d C o s m e t i c s T h e ir P p t i n a n d
es , re a ra o
M n uf t u a ac re .
B G W A
y P f m A c mp h v i
S K I N S O N, er u e r. o re en si e t r e at s e,
w h ic h b hi g m i d h c ld b f
. .

i n h h t e re as een not n o tte t at ou e o

vl a ue h p f m to t m fc e Of il p p i
er u er or an u a t ur e r t et a rat o n s .
C mp l di c i
o re
o et e f m ki g h dk ch i f p f m
re t ons or a n an er e er u
‘
es,
s m l li g le ch
n f m i g i g p il ; p p i f
sa ts, sa et s , u at n ast s re a ra t o n s or
c k i t h m h h h i c m ic h i
-

t h e f h a re o t e s n, e o ut t e a r, os et s, a r
d yes d h an l ic l ot gi v l er d il d
t oi et a rt es a re
,

en , a so a et a e
d c ip i
es r f m ic b c ; h i
t on o a ro f at su st an es t e r n a t u re , t es t s o
p i ur t y , d wh l l m fc
an i cl di g ch p
o esa e an u a t ure, n u n a a t er on
s y h nt c p d c wi h f m l f h i
et i ro A b k f
u t s, t or u as ort e r us e oo o
g p f i l i m g h w
.

l
e nera w ll as e as ro es s o n a nt e r e s t , eet i n t e an t s
not l f h
on d ggi t d p f m m f c
y o t e b l
ru s an er u e an u a t ure r , ut a so
o f h t e g l p b li c F h di i m ch l g d d
ene ra u o urt e t o n, u en ar e an
b gh t p t d 3 54 p g t d
.

ro u u i ll
-
o- P i
at e . a es , us t r a e . r c e,

PL U M B I N G

Plu mb
e rs , St e a m Fit t ers an d T inn e s Re fe enc e ,
r r
Bo o k
By H G R C H Y T hi b k h ld b i t h h d f ll
.

I E s oo s ou e n e an s o a
c c d wi h h Pl mb i g S m H i g T d It
. . .

onn e te t t e u n or t ea e at n ra es .
i s m c mp h iv w k d w i b y m w h
a o st o re en s e or an r t t en a an o
un d d h bj ct h gh l d wh h g h d
e rs t a n s t e su e t o ro u y an o as at ere
i n i pg j
ts ch ma es b d wh
us t su at t er as c an e t ur n e to en
h lp i d d C i 52 9 p g f lly ill t d p ck t
.

e s ne e e o nt a n s a es , u u s ra t e o e
b k f m ,
.

oo or . P ié r e,

S t n d d P c t i c l Plumb in g
a ar ra a
R M ST B U CK T h i i c mpl t t t i d c v
.

B y AR s s a o e e re a se an o er s
bj c f Ml d Pl mb i g i ll i b l ch
. . .

t h e su t It e rn u n n t s ra n es.
x h iv
e o a
kill d w k f t h p mb
o
t re at s y on t e s
e h aus t e d e or o e u er an
t h h d l i g p l mb i g d v ic
e t eo ry un e r y n u d p ti It n e es an o e ra ons.
c mm d i lf
o en s t se t o a ny o n e w ki g i th p l mb i g t d or n n e u n ra e.
Al g mar e a o un t Of p c i d v d t p c i c l
S a e s m e ot e o a ra t a t re a t e nt
f h ot w
at er su pp l ci c l i
y, r u d g b il w i k at o n an r an e o er or
A h v l bl f
o
p ci l c h p d w g
.

n o t er a ua e e a t ur ei sh t e s e a a t er on ra n
f p l mb Th
u
— l OO f w h ic h
b k h 4 06 p g
ers . i c l d i g 34 7 i ll e oo as a es , n u n us
f ll p g p l whdich w mi d
or
t ra ti o ns o are u a e a t es ere a e
ex p ly f
re s s hi b k d h w h m
or m t Am c
s oo an s o t e o st o e rn er an
p c t ic
ra p l mb g c t c i
e
.

in 6% u in
_

o n s ru t o n . 2:
Pri c e ,
w h a t y o u a r e lo o in fo r k g
i n e o f in o r a t io n up t o at e Am f m d
v pc mm mb f m
- -
.

in e e ry re s e t C o n t a in s a n i ense nu er o f or u las
v g v f d
.

th a t e e r y o n e o u h t t o h a e t h a t a r e n o t o un in a n y o t h e r
wo r k
New 1 92 1 e it io n
. 8 07 o t a o pag es d lo t h in i n . c v C . b d g .

Pri c e ,
RU B B E R

Rub b e r Ha nd S t a mp s a nd the M a nip ula t i o n of

In d i a Ru bb e r
CO O S LO T h i b k g iv f ll d i l f l l
.

By T O ’
N R A N E. s oo es u et a s o a
pi i g i c ci d imp l m l m
.

o nt s, t re a t n h n a on se an S e a nn e r t e e e e nt s
o f l v hi g i i c
n e ar y ed d f
e ry t n t s ne es sa ry to un e rs t a n or a
c mm c m i
o en b ch Of h I di bb m
e ent n any ra n t e n a ru er anu
fc a Th
t ur em k i g f ll k i d f bb b d mp e a n o a n s o ru er an st a s,
m ll icl f I di bb U S G v m c mp i
.

s a a rt es o n a ru e r, o e rn ent o t s

d i g h d mp h m ip l i f h
. .

i
t on, at n an bL st a s, t e an u at o n o s ee t ru e r,
t oy b ll I di abb l i
o on s, cm b l ck i g n a ru er s o ut o n s , e ent s , a n s,
v i g v ih d
re n o at nm f I d i bb h a rn s an t r eat ent or n a ru er s o e s,
h k g ph mp i k d m i c ll
,

et c h ; t e e to ra st a n s, an s e an e o us n o t es ,
cc d i c v c ll c i d m
.

wi h t h a f h s o rt a o unt o t e s o e ry , o e t on an an u
fc a f I di
t u re bb o f h i m n d ig d a ru er a re s et o rt n a ann e r es ne
t b
o dil e d d h xp l i b i g p l i d
re a y un e rs t o o t e e an at o n e n a n an
imp l di i 1 75 p g
,

s Thi d e. i ll d P i
r e t on . a es , us t r at e . r c e,

SA W S

Saw Fi li n g and M an a g e m e nt of S aw s
O B T G M H W A p c ic l h d b k fili g
.

By R ER RI S A ra t a an oo on n
g mm g w gi g h mm i g d h b z i g f b d w
-
.
,
u in s a n a er n an t e ra n o an Sa s,
th p d w k d p
e s ee ci c l
,

w Aor
,
an o wer to run r u ar sa s, et c
d b k f h wh h v h g f w
.
, ,

h an y oo f h or t o se o a e C ar e o sa s, or or t ose
m c h i c w h d h i w fi li g i d l w i h h p p
e
’

an s o o t e r o n n as t ea s t t e ro er
h p d p i ch Of w h f ll k i d d giv m y ,

s a e an t es sa t e et o a n s an es an
f l hi
us e u d l f g mm i g i g d fili g d i
nt s a n ru es or u n set t n an n an s
a p c i c l id h
ra th w f a p p F h
a t o t o se w o us e s a
,

s o r any
,

ur ose
,

o ur t
di i vi d d l g d I ll d P i
.

e t o n, re se an e n ar e . u s t r at e . r c e,

S C RE W C U T T I NG

T h re a d s an d T h re a d C ut t in g
COLV ST BL c m m
.

By I N an d A E T h is le a r s u p an y o f t h e y s t e rie s
dc g c d b p d
.

o f t h r ea u t t in , s u h a s o u l e a n d t r i l e t h r e a s , i n t e rn a l
t h re a s , d c c g
a t h in d t h re a s , us e o f h o s, e t c C o n t a i n s a lo t o f b
f v b d d
.

u s e u l h in t s a n d s e e r a l t a l e s T h ir e it i o n . .

P r i c e , 35 c e n t s

ST E A M E N G I NE E R I N G

A meri c an S t a t io n a ry En g in e e rin g
W b k C A
.
)

By E RA N E n ew oo b y a w e ll k n o w n aut h o r
g b m k p p
-
. . . .

B e in s a t t h e o il e r r o o a n d t a e s in t h e w h o l e o we r la n t
C p c c xp c
.

o n t a in s t h e r e s u lt o f y e a r s o f ra t i al e e r i e n e i n a ll
g m gv x c f m
s o r t s o f e n in e r o o c
s an d i e s e a t i n o r a t io n t h a t an n o t
f d
b e o un p g p c c
e ls e w h e r e
’
It s l a in e n o u h fo r r a t i a l me n a n d

Of v g p f c mp
.

y et a lu e t o t h o s e h i h i n t h e r o e s s io n
'

Ha s a o l et e
xm c d d v d
.

e a in a t io n fo r a li e n s e T h ir e it i o n re i s e an d eu
pg C
.

la rge d 3 1 1 a e s , 1 31 illus t ra t i o n s .
. lo t h Pr i c e , .
 m E ng in e T ro ub le s
St e a .

By H H I i f t y ht A M KE N S . b k l ‘ t s sa e o sa t a no
b p b li h d w h ich giv t h p c ic l gi l
oo as
.
e
l z
’

i
_
l
e en u s e es e ra t a en neer
d c mp h iv i f m i m g i d ig s uc i v a ll
bl e an o re e ns e n or at o n on st ea en
an d bl T h t ro u d c ip i f c li d
es .
“

v lv e re are es r t o ns o n
ne es n

pi f m
st o ns , pill w b l ck d h b i g c c :
ra es , o o s an ot er
y
ear n
e rs , a es

d w i pl d hp v lv g
s, onne t
i g n ro s, h d r st at e s , as ot s, r e ac ro s, a e
p ip i g t h l d m g cy v lv
e rn o r s , n f
g
p rot t e an e er en a es ,
“

s a et
e ars ,
st o
ov.

fl wh l O il
y ee s , If h i y bl w i h t h
,

e rs , et c . t ere s an t ro u e t
y s,

p t th
ar s , b k g iv y h e d t ll h w t
oo m dy es ou t e r ea s o n s a n e o o re
ese

h m N w Edi i 28 4 p g
e
t e . 2 76 i ll t t i
e t on. a e s, us ra on s .

Pric e ,

M o d ern St eam En g in ee ring in T h e o ry an d Pra e

t ic e .

By G D D H AR x T h i i c mpl
NER d p c ic l i s co s s a o et e an ra t a
k i d f gi d fi m d li g
. .

wo r i
s s uey or st a t o nar en n e ers an re en ea n
wi t h h c td m e g m t f b il
a re gi an p mp an a e en o o e rs , en n es , u s,
su p h d m f ig i g m c h i
er e at e d m m
st ea re r e ra t n a n e ry , y na os, o t o rs ,
l v i c mp b c h w i h w h ic h ,

e e at o rs , d ll
a r h o re s s o r s , an a ot er ra n es t
th mde gi o m b f m ili N l 2 00 q i
e rn en n eer ust e a a r. ea r y ue s t o n s
wi h h it wt e r m d l c ic l gi i g lik l
an s e rs on s t ea an e e tr a en n ee r n e y
t b k d b h x mi i g b d
e as e i cl d d
y t F h e e n n n u
,

o ur t
g vi g C l t h P i
o a o ar a re e
di i 487 p g
.
,

e t on. 4 05 a es, en ra n s. o . r c e,

S t e m En g in e er s A rit h m t ic
’
a e .

By COLV C H Y A p i l p ck b k f h
IN ENE m ra c ca o et oo or t e s t ea
g in S h w h w t w k h p b l m f h gi
-
.

en e e r. o s o o or t e ro e s o t e en ne
m d h w w hy T ll h w fig h p w
an s o s
“ ”
e s o to ur e o rs e o er
roo
gi d b il f b il bl f
-
.

f en ;
nes an h o ers a rea o o e rs ; as t a es o a reas

d c i c mf c m t bl ; h d ic i gi
o !
.

an r u e re n f es ; s t ea a es as a t o n a ry o en
i g
n ee r n m P y t er ll f h
s l l ki k i ut s ou ont o a o t e it t e n s n
fig i g w h v t h i t fig d p w pl
-
.

an t
'

ur n at e er ere s o ure a ro u n a o er
b i ; b l z d i b ic
.

T ll e s h h
you a o ut t e eat un t a so ut e e ro ; a a at ex

p i ; d
an s o n f gi ; f c f
ut yf — d o h en n es a tor o sa et y; an ot er
thi g n d v y h i g i p l i d imp l
s ; an e h
er h d t
t n s a n an s e not t e ar es
w ay fig b t t h
t o
_

i t S c d di i
u re , u e e as es . e on e t on .

Pric e , 75 c en ts

S t e a m En g in e C
“

a t e c h is m .

By R ER OB T G M H W
RI S A v m T h is o lu e o f 4 13 a es is n ot pg
c c q p cp
.

o n ly a a t e h is m o n t h e ue s t i o n a n d a n s w e r r i n i le b ut
c f m kd
i t o n t a in s o r ul a s a n d w o r e o u t a n s w e r s fo r a ll t h e s t e a
,

m
b m pp p m gm
-

pr o l e s t h a t a e r t a in t o t h e o e r a t io n a n d an a e e nt o f

t h e st ea m g Sx
e n in e d
i t e e n t h e it i o n Pric e ,
. .

En g in e Runn e r
’
s C a t e c h is m .

O B T G M H W T ll h w
By R ER c dj d
t o e re t , a
RI us t a n
S run
A e s o
h p i c ip l m gi i U i d S
.

t e r n a st ea en i
n esh n us e n t e Th
n te t at es e
w k i d iz f h p ck T g gi
.

or f
s o h a an y s e or t e o et O y o un en n e e rs
hi c ch i m w ill b f g v l p ci ll
.

t s at e s e o re at h
a ue , e s e wha y to t o se o
m b p p i g
ay e re ar n f w d b x mi d f
t o go or ar to e e a ifi ne o r c e rt

f c mp
c at e s o o c ; d
et en y gi
an g ll i w i ll b
t o e n n e e rs en e ra y t e
of no li l vic
t t e ser h w ill fi d i
e , as t ey hi v l m
n m
n t s o u e o re
ll
re a y p c ic l d f l i f m i h i
ra t a an us e u n or b f d
at o n t an s to e o un
a nywh l wi h i
e re e s e tlik n amp 38 7 p g
e co ass Sv h a es e e nt
di i
. .

e t o n. P i r c e,
ST E A M HE A T I N G and V E NT I L A T I N G

Pra c t ic a l S t e a m , Ho t W a t e r He a t ing
-
a nd V en
t il a t i o n .

By A G K G T hi b k h b p p d f h IN s oo as een re ar e or t e us e
ggd i h b m h w i g
. . .

o f ll a en f a e h n t e us i n e ss o s t ea ot at e r eat n
d v i g c c hw
-

an il i T ll h w
ent h at on. e s o to g et e at n o n t ra t s, o to
i ll h
nst a i g d v il i g pp
eat n h b b i an en t at n a a r a t us , t e e st us n e s s
m hd et b o d w i h T ick f h T d f h
s to e us e t
“
r s o t e ra e
”
or S ep
d d im i g di i d c
,

use R ul f es an d at a or e st at n ra at on an o st an
ch b l d i f m i mk i di p bl
.

su ta es an n or at on as a e it an n s ensa e
w k for v or di m h w h ig d
e e ry o n e i n t e re st e n s t ea ot at er eat n an
v il i I d c b p i cip l m f m
-
,

en t at ll hon t es ri es a t e r n a s y st e s o s t ea
vc m vp d v c mv p h i g g h ,
.

h otw at e r, a uu a or an a uu a or ea t n to et er
cc l d m Of h w ci c l i
- -
, ,

wi h t h w t e ne a e e ra t e sy st e s ot at er r u at o n,
i cl d g ch p d m hd fv l i
-

n u in a d
t e rs on up t o at e et o s o en t i a t o n an
bl m f h i g d v il i T hi d
- -

t h fe an or o wer s y st e o e at n an ent at o n . r
e d i i 4 02 p g 300 d il d g v i g P i
t o n. a es, et a e en ra n s. r c e,

5 00 Pl in A n w t D i t ! u t i n s n St m
a s e rs o re c es o o ea ,

H t W t oV p -
nd V um H t in g F
a e r, a or a ac c ea ra c
ti ce.
B AL y D G K G Thi w k iF RE gdi q i d IN s or s ar ran e n u est o n a n
f m i i i dd g id d x b k f h
. .

an s w er or ; t s nt en e as a u e an t e t oo t e
g i xp i c d fi
or
f c b k f ll
-

y o un er d ne e r en e tt er an as a re e r en e oo or a
fi t t e rs A ll l g d di di c i d d c ip i on an te ous s us s o n s an es r t ons
f m l c id d imp h v b l im d d
.

or er y ons e re so o rt a n t a e een e i n at e an
d h v i d m d
,

t h h
e t d l f he o ry ld
an aw s o e at an t e ar ous o an o e rn
m h d d pp li c
et sd f h i g d v il i g
an a an es us e or e at n an en t at n a re
d i c ci m d d! i
o
t re at e Thi i
n h a on se a n n er. s t e s t an ue s t o n
d A x 1m i i b k S m d H W
s ar
an w ns er e a nat o n on t ea an ot at e r
Cl h
oo
H i g eat 2 4
n g 1 2 7 ill, i et c . Oc v p a es, us t r a t o n s . ta o. ot .

P ri c e ,

ST E E L

Ha rd e n in g mp e ing A nn e aling an d Fo g in g , Te r , r
o f St l ee
B J V WOOD W O TH A b k c i i g p ci l di c i
.

y R oo o nt a n n s e a re t o ns
cc f l h d i g d mp i g Of ll l l
. . .

f or h t e su es s u ar en n an te er n a st ee t oo s
M illi g c p h d di m b h li d d
.
“

n ut t e r s , t a s, t rea es, r ea e rs , ot so an
s h ll h ll w m ill
e p ch d di o d ll k i d of h s, un es an es, an a n s o s e et
m l w k i g l h bl d
et a
,

w fi
or c l a d n t oo s, s e ar a es, sa s, ne ut e ry n
m l c i g l f ll d c i p i
et a ut t n w ll f ll t oo s o a es r t ons, as e as or a
i mp l m Of l b h l g d m ll h mp l
-

e ent s d st ee ot ar e an s a t e Si es t an
m i f c
o st h d i g d mp i g p c
s at s a t o ry
,

ar en n an t e er n
,

ro e s s es
,

a re
p d 32 0 p g 2 1 5 ill
re s e n t e i F if h v i d d i i a es, us t r a t o n s t re se e t on .
Cl h
. .

ot . P i r c e,

St e el : I t s S el e c t io n , A nn e al in g , Ha rd e n in g an d
mp in g
Te er
E R M KH M Thi w k w f m l k w
.

B y AR A s or as or er y no n as
A m ic S b W k d dw k
. . .

“
Th e Thi i h er an t ee or er
”
s s t e s t an or
h d g mp g l d li g ll k i d
. ar
on ar t l
en i n f te eri n an an n ea n s ee n
Thi b k ll h w
s c oo d h w w k mp
te
,

s o to
,

se e t an o to
o a
t
s.

h d v hi g , or , e er ,
ar d en , l l f an h I i an n e a s t ee or e e ry t n on e art t
th ed d b k
st an l c i g h d i g d
ar mp i g oo on se e t n ar en n te
. s

ll g d
an er n
4 00 p g V f ll ill d ,
a f l ra es o s t ee a es. e ry u u s t r at e
d y
. .

F
, .

h
o ur t e P i i t i on . r ce ,

38
 The M o st V a lua ble T e c h n o C h e ic a l Re c ipe -
m
Bo o k Ever O ffe re d t o t h e Pu li c ! b

Henley s Twent iet h C ent ury Bo ok

’

REC IPES, FORMUL AS

AND PROC ESSES
Pric e
b k f 8 00 p g i
T HI S oo o m c mpl B k f R ip
a es s t he ost o et e oo o ec es
ev p b l i h d g iv i g h
er u s e d f cip f h m n t o us a n s o re es or t e a nu
f c Of v l b l icl v d H i H lp
,

a t ure fa ua e a rt es or e e ry ay us e nt s , e s,
P c ic l I d d S c t
-
.

ra t a e as a n e r e
P c v l d wi hi ro e ss e s are re ea e t n
i pg I cv v ts a es. t o e rs e e ry
b ch f h fl dra n o t e us e u a rt s an
ll h d fw f m k
te s t o us a n s o ay s o a
i m d i j h b k ng o n ey an s ust t e oo
v h ld h v t ehi e ry o n e s ou a e a s
c mm d o an
pg fill d wi h
.

Th e a es a re e t
m f i i d a t t e rs o n t ens e n t e re st an
i mm b l p c ic l v l e asu ra e ra t a a ue to
h Ph g ph h P f m t e ot o ra e r, t e er u e r,
he P i h M fc t a n t er, t e a nu a t u r er
f Gl P Cm o d
.

ue s , a s t es , e ent s an
M cil g h Ph ic i h u a es, t e ys an , t e
D ggi t h El c ici h ru st e e tr an, t e
E gi
,
D i t h h e n t s t e n ne er, t e
F d m h M ch i i h o un ry an ,
,
t e a n st , t e
P h T
t er, t e h C
an n e r , ott e on
f i h
e c t o n er, Ch i p di h
t e ro o st , t e
M fc f C h m ic l
a n u a t ur e r o e a
l i d T il
e t es an P p o et i r e a ra t o ns,
h D t e h El c
y e r, t e pl h
e t ro at e r , t e
E m l
na h E g v
e e r, t e P vi i
n ra e r , e ro h Gl W k
s o ner, t e ass o r er,
h
t e G ldb h W ch m k
e at e r t e at d J w l
a er an he I k M
e er, t e n anu

h Op i c i F m h Di m P p
o
f a c t u r er , t ht an , t er, t e h an , t a er
’

e a ry e
Mk h M l W k h S p Mk h V i y
e ar
a e r, t et a o r er, t e oa a e r, t e et er nar
S g
e
ur e o n and h T cht e l gi
e i
no o gst nl e n e ra
A b k w h ic h wi h c fid c h
-
.

to m you a y t u rn t on en e t at y ou
ki g f A m i f i f m i
oo
w i ll fi d w h
n l
at y o u a re oo n ne o n or at on ,
d i v pc C i imm mb
or .

up t o at e n e e ry r es e t o nt a ns an en se nu er
f f m l v gh h v h f d
- -
.

o or h
u a s t a t e e ry o n e o u t to a e t at a re n ot o un
i h
n any o t er w k or .

Prac t ic al Fo rmulas and Pro c esses

10 000 The Best Way t o Make Everyt hing
ONE USEFUI REC IPE WIL L BE WORTH MORE .

THAN TEN TIMES THE PRIC E OF THE BOOK

( See pg a e 3 5 fo r f ur t h e r d c ip i
es r t on Of t he b k)
oo .

40