HARD Although most large public relations firms can afford to run information technology centers in-house, some

niche firms are discovering that the cost associated with maintaining an information technology staff and from continuously improving hardware and software are larger than they initially estimated. A) B) C) D) E) cost associated with costs associated from costs associated with cost arising from costs arising from

Written in Austria in 1762, the composer of Symphony No. 5 was a brilliant musician, Franz Joseph Haydn, who many later called the "Father of the Symphony" for his contribution to classical music while court musician for the Esterhazy family. A) the composer of Symphony No. 5 was a brilliant musician, Franz Joseph Haydn, who many later called the "Father of the Symphony" for his B) Franz Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. 5, who many later called the "Father of the Symphony" for his C) Symphony No. 5 was composed by a brilliant musician, Franz Joseph Haydn, who many later called the "Father of the Symphony" for his D) Symphony No. 5's composer was a brilliant musician, Franz Joseph Haydn, whom many later called the "Father of the Symphony" for his E) Symphony No. 5 was composed by a brilliant musician, Franz Joseph Haydn, whom many later called the "Father of the Symphony" for his Just as listening to Franklin D. Roosevelt's famous fireside chats helps students of history understand the 1930s, an era marked by incredible domestic economic distress and unparalleled foreign conflict, so Abraham Lincoln's famous Second Inaugural Address helps students grasp the immense strife and challenge America faced in the post-Civil War era. A) so Abraham Lincoln's famous Second Inaugural Address helps students grasp the immense strife and challenge America faced in the post-Civil War era. B) Abraham Lincoln's famous Second Inaugural Address helps students grasp the postCivil War era, a time of immense domestic challenge and strife. C) reading Abraham Lincoln's famous Second Inaugural Address helps students grasp the post-Civil War era, a time of immense domestic challenge and strife D) so reading Abraham Lincoln's famous Second Inaugural Address helps students grasp the post-Civil War era, a time of immense domestic challenge and strife E) so reading Abraham Lincoln's famous Second Inaugural Address helps students grasp a time of immense domestic challenge and strife--the post-Civil War era

Although many citizens enjoy spacious and well-kept state parks, some fiscally conservative State Representatives are quick to point out that maintaining state parks cost far more than other state land. A) B) C) D) E) maintaining state parks cost far more than other state land state parks costs far more to maintain than other state land does maintaining state parks costs far more than other state land state parks cost far more to maintain than other state land does to maintain state parks is far more expensive than other state land

During the 1992 Presidential campaign, President George H. W. Bush and his promise four years earlier to never raise taxes experienced considerable criticism from economic conservatives who felt betrayed by Bush's 1990 tax-hike, which he implemented over the objections of economic conservatives who decried tax hikes, insisted that low taxes created wealth, and contended that deregulation promoted innovation. A) President George H. W. Bush and his promise four years earlier to never raise taxes experienced considerable criticism from economic conservatives who felt betrayed by Bushs 1990 tax-hike, which he implemented over the objections of economic conservatives who decried tax hikes, insisted that low taxes created wealth, and contended that deregulation promoted innovation B) President George H. W. Bush experienced considerable criticism from economic conservatives who felt betrayed by Bushs 1990 tax-hike, which he implemented despite his past promises and the objections of economic conservatives who decried tax hikes, insisted that low taxes created wealth, and contended that deregulation promoted innovation C) President George H. W. Bush and his promise four years earlier to never raise taxes experienced considerable criticism from economic conservatives who felt betrayed by Bushs 1990 tax-hike, which he implemented despite his past promises, the objections of economic conservatives who decried tax hikes, the insistence that low taxes create wealth, and the contention that deregulation promoted innovation D) President George H. W. Bush experienced considerable criticism from economic conservatives who felt betrayed by Bushs 1990 tax-hike, which he implemented despite his past promises and the objections of economic conservatives who decried tax hikes, having insisted that low taxes created wealth and contending that deregulation promotes innovation E) President George H. W. Bush experienced considerable criticism from economic conservatives who felt betrayed by Bushs 1990 tax-hike, which he implemented despite his past promises and the objections of economic conservatives who decried tax hikes, insist that low taxes created wealth, and contend that deregulation promoted innovation

By confronting a devastated economy through actions such as creating the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, opening the Securities and Exchange Commission, suspending the gold standard, launching massive public works programs, and improving the morale of a demoralized nation through his fireside chats, First Inaugural address, and other motivational speeches, Franklin Roosevelt both lifted the spirits of Americans across the country and set the United States on a course that helped propel it out of the Great Depression. A) launching massive public works programs, and improving the morale of a demoralized nation through his fireside chats B) and launching massive public works programs, and improving the morale of a demoralized nation through his fireside chats C) and launching massive public works programs, and by improving the morale of a nation demoralized through his fireside chats D) and through the launch of massive public works programs, and by improving the morale of a demoralized nation through his fireside chats E) and launching massive public works programs, and by improving the morale of a demoralized nation through his fireside chats In his best-selling book The Omnivore's Dilemma, which social critics see as yet another piece of evidence to support their thesis of a burgeoning interest in natural food among Americans, Michael Pollan elucidates industrial farming, explains organic farming, and discusses hunting and gathering food for oneself. A) In his best-selling book The Omnivore's Dilemma, which social critics see as yet another piece of evidence to support their thesis of a burgeoning interest in natural food among Americans, Michael Pollan elucidates industrial farming, explains organic farming, and discusses hunting and gathering food for oneself. B) Michael Pollan, in his best-selling book The Omnivores Dilemma, which social critics see as yet another piece of evidence to support their thesis of a burgeoning interest in natural foods among Americans, elucidates industrial farming, explaining organic farming and discussing hunting and gathering food for oneself. C) In his best-selling book The Omnivores Dilemma, elucidating industrial farming, explaining organic farming, and discussing hunting and gathering food for oneself, Michael Pollan gives social critics yet another piece of evidence to support their thesis of a burgeoning interest in natural food among Americans. D) Michael Pollan, in his best-selling book The Omnivores Dilemma, serving as yet another piece of evidence to support the thesis of a burgeoning interest in natural food among Americans, elucidates industrial farming, explains organic farming, and discusses hunting and gathering food for oneself. E) In his best-selling book The Omnivore's Dilemma, which is seen by social critics as yet another piece of evidence to support their thesis of a burgeoning interest in natural

food among Americans, Michael Pollan elucidates industrial farming, explaining organic farming and discussing hunting and gathering food for oneself. By the year 2000, A Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens' gripping book portraying the suffering of the proletariat under the brutal subjugation of the French aristocracy had around 200 million copies in print, making it more than that of almost any other English book ever written. A) book portraying the suffering of the proletariat under the brutal subjugation of the French aristocracy had around 200 million copies in print, making it more than B) book portraying the suffering of the proletariat under the brutal subjugation of the French aristocracy had around 200 million copies in print, which is more than C) book portraying the suffering of the proletariat under the brutal subjugation of the French aristocracy, had around 200 million copies in print, more than D) book portraying the suffering of the proletariat under the brutal subjugation of the French aristocracy, had around 200 million copies in print, making it more than E) book portraying the suffering of the proletariat under the brutal subjugation of the French aristocracy had around 200 million copies in print and is more than In an August 1, 2002 legal memo that would later become a lightning rod for controversy, Assistant Attorney General for the Office of Legal Counsel Jay Bybee went on record as one of the first and most senior government officials to consider controversial interrogation tactics to be permissible and international laws such as the Geneva Conventions irrelevant in dealing with so-called unlawful enemy combatants. A) controversial interrogation tactics to be permissible and international laws such as the Geneva Conventions irrelevant in dealing B) controversial interrogation tactics permissible and international laws such as the Geneva Conventions irrelevant in dealing C) controversial interrogation tactics as permissible and international laws such as the Geneva Conventions irrelevant in dealing D) controversial interrogation tactics permissible and international laws such as the Geneva Conventions to be irrelevant in dealing E) controversial interrogation tactics permissible and international laws such as the Geneva Conventions as irrelevant in dealing

Recent elections in a relatively young and historically unstable country in East Africa saw record numbers of voters, the peaceful rejection of an incumbent administration, the unprecedented access of media, campaigning marked by civility, and a renewing of nationalism. A) numbers of voters, the peaceful rejection of an incumbent administration, the unprecedented access of media, campaigning marked by civility, and a renewing of nationalism B) voter turnout, the peaceful rejection of an incumbent administration, unprecedented media access, campaigning marked by civility, and a renewing of nationalism C) voter turnout, the rejection of an incumbent administration in a peaceful manner, the unprecedented access of media, campaigns marked by civility, and renewed nationalism D) numbers of voters, the peaceful rejection of an incumbent administration, unprecedented media access, campaigns marked by civility, and renewed nationalism E) voter turnout, the peaceful rejection of an incumbent administration, unprecedented media access, campaigns marked by civility, and renewed nationalism

Under most conditions, an atom of one of the noble gases is inert because their outer orbital contains the maximum number of electrons; the completion of their outer orbital makes these elements more stable and less able to react with other atoms and molecules. A) because their outer orbital contains the maximum number of electrons; the completion of their outer orbital makes these elements more stable and less able to react with other atoms and molecules. B) because its outer orbital contains the maximum number of electrons; the completion of the outer orbital makes the atoms of the elements more stable and less able to react with other atoms and molecules. C) because its outer orbital contains the maximum number of electrons, which makes these elements more stable and less able to react with other atoms and molecules. D) because their outer orbital contains the maximum number of electrons, making these elements more stable and less able to react with other atoms and molecules. E) because their outer orbital contains the maximum number of electrons, and the completion of their outer orbitals makes these elements more stable and less able to react with other atoms and molecules. In geometry, polygons with up to twelve sides have different given names; however, if the number of sides is greater than twelve, name the polygon by placing the suffix "gon" after the number of sides in the polygons.

A) if the number of sides is greater than twelve, name the polygon by placing the suffix "gon" after the number of sides in the polygons. B) if the number of sides is higher than twelve, the polygon is named by placing the suffix "gon" after the number of sides in the polygons. C) if the number of sides is higher than twelve, name the polygon by placing the suffix "gon" after the number of sides in the polygons. D) if the number of sides is greater than twelve, the polygon is named by placing the suffix "gon" after the number of sides in the polygons. E) if the number of sides is higher than twelve, place the suffix "gon" after the number of sides in the polygons. Heightened land erosion, caused by human activity, has many negative effects including the following: algae blooms, coral reef destruction, imbalance of the fish population, and the introduction of harmful chemicals to the ocean's environment. A) including the following: algae blooms, coral reef destruction, imbalance of the fish population, and the introduction of harmful chemicals to the ocean's environment. B) including: algae blooms, coral reef destruction, imbalance of the fish population, and harmful chemicals entering the ocean's environment. C) including: algae blooms, coral reef destruction, imbalance of the fish population, and the introduction of harmful chemicals to the ocean's environment. D) including the following: algae blooms, coral reef destruction, imbalance of the fish population, and harmful chemicals entering the oceans environment. E) including the following: algae blooms, coral reef destruction, certain fish populations rising, certain fish populations falling, and the introduction of harmful chemicals to the oceans environment. Because chickens lack teeth, they need another way to break apart the food they eat before reaching the stomach, and for this reason, chickens have a gizzard in which stones they swallow are used to grind their food. A) before reaching the stomach, and for this reason, chickens have a gizzard in which stones they swallow are used to grind their food. B) before it reaches the stomach, and for this reason, chickens have a gizzard in which stones they have swallowed is used to grind their food. C) before it reaches the stomach, and for this reason, chickens have a gizzard in which stones they swallow are used to grind their food. D) before reaching the stomach, and for this reason, chickens have a gizzard in which stones they have swallowed is used to grind their food. E) before it reaches the stomach, and for this reason, chickens have a gizzard in which stones they have swallowed are used to grind their food.

The purring noise of a cat, although most people think that cats purr because they are content, is actually involuntary and is not directly related with the emotion of the cat. A) The purring noise of a cat, although most people think that cats purr because they are content, is actually involuntary and is not directly related with the emotion of the cat. B) Although most people think that cats purr because they are content, the purring noise of a cat is actually involuntary and is not directly related with the emotion of the cat. C) Although most people think that cats purr because they are content, the purring noise of a cat is actually involuntary and is not directly related to the emotion of the cat. D) The purring noise of a cat, although most people think that cats purr because they are content, is actually involuntary and is not directly related to the emotion of the cat. E) Although most people think that cats are purring because they are content, the purring noise of a cat is actually involuntary and is not directly related with the emotion of the cat.

EASY

World War II, which resulted in the death of over 70 million individuals, proved to be the deadliest conflict in human history, claiming nearly twice as many lives than would be killed in World War I. A) B) C) D) E) lives than would be killed in World War I lives as would World War I lives than those who were killed in World War I lives than World War I lives as World War I

With the advent of YouTube, Facebook, and Flickr, many savvy political consultants undertook revolutionary micro-targeting and get-out-the-vote techniques that enabled political candidates with cash-strapped budgets to be able to reach numerous likely voters and succeed in raising large numbers of money from enthusiastic and committed supporters in a short period of time. A) cash-strapped budgets to be able to reach numerous likely voters and succeed in raising large numbers of money B) cash-strapped budgets to reach numerous likely voters and be successful in raising large amounts of money C) cash-strapped budgets to reach numerous likely voters, succeeding in raising large amounts of money D) cash-strapped budgets to reach numerous likely voters and succeed in raising large amounts of money E) cash-strapped budgets to be able to reach numerous likely voters and succeed in raising large amounts of money

After years of working on Wall Street, an apartment in lower Manhattan still felt like his home for famed investment banker John E. Callan, even though he also owned a house in Rye and in East Hampton. A) an apartment in lower Manhattan still felt like his home for famed investment banker John E. Callan, even though he also owned a house in Rye and in East Hampton B) famed investment banker John E. Callan still considered his lower Manhattan apartment home, even though he also owned a house in Rye and in East Hampton C) an apartment in lower Manhattan still felt like home for famed investment banker John E. Callan, even though he also owned a house in Rye and in East Hampton D) John E. Callan, a famed investment banker, still considered his lower Manhattan apartment home, even though he too owned a house in Rye and in East Hampton E) famed investment banker John E. Callan still considered his lower Manhattan apartment home, even despite his owning of a house in Rye and in East Hampton The people of the ancient Assyrian Empire were renowned warriors, although they also crafted some of the best-preserved ancient art. A) B) C) D) E) were renowned warriors, although they also crafted had been renowned warriors, although they also crafted were renowned warriors, and also crafted was renowned warriors, although they also crafted were renowned warriors, but also crafting

According to a recent study, financial problems, together with their serious ramifications, ranks as one of the high causes of marital stress in America. A) B) C) D) E) ranks as one of the high causes of marital stress in America rank as one of the leading causes of marital stress in America rank as one of the most high causes of marital stress in America ranks as one of the leading causes of marital stress in America rank as one of the most leading causes of marital strife in America

Warning that terrorists remain determined to strike the country, senior government officials urged citizens to remain vigilant and report suspicious behavior, taking actions necessary to speed up the recovery from an economic catastrophe should terrorists succeed in launching an attack. A) to remain vigilant and report suspicious behavior, taking actions necessary to speed up the recovery from an economic catastrophe B) to remain vigilant, reporting suspicious behavior and take actions to speed up the recovery from an economic catastrophe

C) to be remaining vigilant, reporting suspicious behavior, and taking actions necessary to speed up the recovery from an economic catastrophe D) to remain vigilant, report suspicious behavior, and take actions to speed up the recovery from an economic catastrophe E) to be more vigilant in reporting suspicious behavior and taking actions necessary to speed up the recovery from an economic catastrophe

Among the litany of threats that many Israelis face, the potential for a nuclear-armed Iran is perhaps the more scary as this scenario could engulf the region in a violent war. This would likely result in historically unseen amounts of destruction, even for a region whose history is marred by perennial violence. A) B) C) D) E) perhaps the more perhaps the most possibly, perhaps the most possibly the greatest possibly the great

After the Detroit Lions' abysmal 0 win and 16 loss season in 2008, the owner of the team fired the head coach. In the days that followed this decision, one professional sporting analyst said: "the prospects of the Lions becoming a competitive franchise depends on if the team can procure a talented and disciplined coach." A) B) C) D) E) depends on if depend on whether depends on whether depend on if depend whether

After meeting together near Mediolanurn in 313, Roman Emperors Constantine Augustus and Licinius Augustus issued The Edict of Milan in the hopes to ending years of internal religious strife and the persecution of minorities. The Edict expanded religious toleration and ordered the return of property confiscated from Christians, even if it had been subsequently resold. A) B) C) D) E) in the hopes to ending in the hope to ending with the hope to ending with the hope of ending in the hope to end

During the worst years of the Great Depression, America faced tremendous challenges as unemployment topped 25%. Many historians credit the New Deal and the World War II industrial complex for propelling America out of the depression and into a thenunparalleled time of economic prosperity. A) B) C) D) E) for propelling with having propelled as propelling to propelling with propelling

Environmentalists associated with the United Nations Environment Programme predict that if the current trends associated with global warming continue, thousands of acres of pristine land is in danger to undergo potentially irrevocable changes that could alter the planet's ecosystem forever. A) B) C) D) E) is in danger to undergo are in danger of undergoing is in danger of undergoing are in danger to undergo are in danger for undergoing

Despite being thousands of years old, the writing of Augustine of Hippo has inspired and captivated countless individuals, fundamentally because they convey the moving innerjourney of man searching for the divine in a lucid and compelling fashion. A) B) C) D) E) because they convey the moving inner-journey due to the fact that it conveys the moving inner-journey because of their conveying the moving inner-journey because it conveys the moving inner-journey for the reason that it conveys the moving inner-journey