OSI Reference Model

If you have been reading any braindumps for the CCNA, or if you know anyone who has taken the test, then you know the importance of knowing the OSI layers. This is a must know for the test! Here is a quick reference of the 7 OSI layers. It shows the names and their number in the model, a quick overview of what they do, examples, and lastly the name of the data at the layer and which hardware works on that layer, if any. Please see the added notes at the bottom of the page.
Layer Description Responsible for identifying and establishing the availability of the communication partner and determining if sufficient resources for the communication exsist Responsible for tasks like data compression, encryption, decryption, and negotiating data transfer sytax, which for this layer the standard data sytax used is Abstract Syntax Notation (ASN.1) Responsible for coordinating communication between systems, which is accomplished by connection establishment, data transfer and connection release Responsible for session establishment, tear-down of virtual circuits, ensuring data integrity, and maintaining flow control Responsible for path determination, sending packets from the source netwrok to the destination network, and packet switching Responsible for ensuring that messages are delivered to the proper device, translating the Examples FTP, WWW, Browsers, Telnet, SMTP, X.400 mail, chat, BBS, & Search Engines Data & Hardware

Layer 7 Application Layer

DATA

Layer 6 Presentation Layer

TIFF, GIF, PICT, ASCII, EBCDIC, MPEG, MIDI, HTML, and Quicktime

DATA

Layer 5 Session Layer

PC, SQL, NFS, NetBIOS names, AppleTalk, ASP, X Window, DECnet SCP

DATA

Layer 4 Transport Layer

TCP, UDP, SPX

SEGMENT

Layer 3 Network Layer Layer 2 Data Link Layer

IP, IPX, AppleTalk DDP

DATAGRAM, Routers

Frame Relay, HDLC, PPP, IEEE 802.2, 802.3,

FRAME, Bridges

messages into bits, formatting the message into data frames, and adding a customized header

&802.5, FDDI, ATM EIA/TIA 232, EIA/TIA 449, V.35, V.24, RJ45, Ethernet, 802.3, 802.5, FDDI, NRZI, NRZ, B8ZS

Layer 1 Physical Layer

Responsible for sending bits and receiving bits, which come in values of 1 or 0

BITS, Hubs & Repeaters

Special additional notes to the layers.

Session Layer: y Simplex mode; monologue communication with one transmitting and another receiving y Half-duplex mode; nodes take turns transmitting and receiving y Full-duplex mode; communication flows unregulated and uses flow control

Transport Layer: y Segments delivered are acknowledged back to sender when received y Segments not acknowledged are retransmitted y Upon arrival segments are sequenced back into their proper order y Data flow is maintained to avert congestion, overloading, and data loss

Data Layer: y There are two sublayers, LLC (Logical Link Control) and MAC (Media Access Control) y Aware of the destination address (DA) and the source address(SA) y In data frames, a preamble is a special bit pattern that informs devices to the beginning of a data frame, while the FCS field is at the end of a data frame, and allows the receiver to determine if the frame was damaged or corupted. Checksum

Subnetting
Class A B C Format Net.Node.Node.Node Net.Net.Node.Node Net.Net.Net.Node Default Subnet Mask 255.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 255.255.255.0

The test will ask questions on determining the maximum number of subnets and the maximum number of host id's per subnet. So let's look at how to figure that out.

Maximum number of subnets

2 (to the power of number of masked bits in subnet mask) -2 = number of subnets We start with a Base 2 (binary), then figure to the power of masked out bits (or in laymens terms, the number of 1's in the binary form of the subnet mask). For an example of this, let's look at a Class B subnet mask of 255.255.192.0 which is 11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000 in binary. The number of masked out bits in this number is 2. We get that from 192 (11000000), count the 1's. So at this point we have 2 to the power of 2 which is 4. For the last step, we then minus 2 from that number. So for this example, the maximum number of subnets would be 2.

Maximum number of host id's per subnet

2(to the power of number of unmasked bits in subnet mask) -2 = number of host id's Once again, we start with a Base 2 (binary), then figure to the power of unmasked bits (or in laymens terms the number of 0's in the binary form of the subnet mask). For an example, let's look at that Class B subnet mask of 255.255.192.0 again, which is 11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000 in binary. The number of unmasked bits in this number is 14. We get that from 192.0 (11000000.00000000), count the 0's. So at this point,

we have 2 to the power of 14 which is 16,384. For the last step we then minus 2 from that number. So for this example, the maximum number of host id's would be 16,382.

Wan Devices

Routers ATM Switches

Offer both internetwork and WAN interface controls High-speed cell switching between both LANs and WANs

Connect private data over X.25 and Frame Relay public circuits using digital Switches signals Modems Connect private data over public telephone circuits using analog signals

Customer Premises (CSU/DSU) Channel Equipment(CPE) which is used Service Units/Data to terminate a digital circuit at Service Units the customer site Communication Servers Dial in/out servers that allow dialing in from remote locations and attach to the LAN Device that allows more than one signal to be sent out simultaneously over one physical circuit

Multiplexors

WAN Protocols
PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol):

Data Link protocol that can be used over either asynchronous (dial-up) or synchronous (ISDN) media using LCP (Link Control protocol) to build and maintain Data Link connections.LCP's features include authentication using PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) or CHAP (Challenge-Handshake Authentication protocol), and compression of data for transmission across media.

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network): A set of communication protocols that simultaneously convey data, text, voice, music, graphics, and video to end users over existing telephone networks.

HDLC (High-Level Data-Link Control): A proprietary link layer protocol that specifies an encapsulation method for data on synchronous serial data links. Transfer modes HDLC supports: 1. NRM (Normal Response Mode): Secondaries can't communicate with a primary until the primary asks it to under this transfer mode. 2. ARM (Asynchronous Balanced Mode): Allows secondaries to communicate with a primary without its permission. 3. LAPB (Link Access Procedure Balanced): Establish circuits with either DTE (data terminal equipment) or DCE (data circuit-terminating equipment), and devices that initiate communication are deemed primaries, those that respond are called secondaries.

LAPB (Link Access Procedure Balanced): This bit-oriented protocol makes sure that frames are error free and properly sequenced. LAPB's Frame Types: 1. I-Frames (Information frames): Send and receive sequence numbers and relate to jobs such as sequencing, flow control, error detection, and recovery. 2. S-Frames (Supervisory Frames): Receive sequence numbers and handle both requests for an the suspension of transmission, and report on the status and acknowledge when Iframes have been received.

3. U-Frames (Unnumbered Frames): Handles link setup and disconnection, and error reporting. Does not carry sequence numbers.

Test dump 4 Note: This version of dump is corrected, reformatted and missing options added by How2Pass.com staff. You will see TestDump question ID at the start of each question. (QID:463)1. Which of the following are true regarding the bridges &switches (choose three)

A. Switches are primary software based while bridges are hardware based. B. Both bridges & switches forward layer 2 broadcast. C. Bridges are frequent faster than switches. D. Switches have higher number of ports than Most bridges. E. Bridges define broadcast domain while switches define collision domain F. Both bridges & switches Map forward decision based on layer 2 address.
Ans. B,D,F (QID:454)2. Which of the following characteristics of layer 2 Ethernet switches? (choose Two)

A. Establish a single collision domain. B. Establish multiple collision domains. C. Build a dynamic MAC address Mapping table. D. Maintain a routine table. F. Forward unicast frames only.
Ans. B,C (QID:470)3. Which command display RIP Routing update as they are sent & received by the Router ? (choose One)

A. Show IP Protocols B. Show IP Route RIP C. Debug IP RIP D. Debug IP Update E. Debug IP transaction
Ans. C (QID:471)4. Which Command is used to display the placement & direction of an IP access control list on a router ?(choose one)

A. Show access list B. Show IP Router C. Show IP Interface D. Show interface list E. Show IP interface brief

Ans. C (QID:472)5. Which of the following WAN Services uses two datalink layer encapsulations one for data & one for signaling?(choose one)

A. ISDN B. Frame Relay C. ATM D. FDDI

Ans.A (QID:473)6. Which of the following are true regarding Full Duplex Ethernet(F.D.E) when compare to Half Duplex Ethernet(H.D.E)? (choose two)

A. F.D.Econsist of a shared Broadcast Domain while half-Duplex Ethernet (H.D.E) consist of Private Broadcast domain. B. F.D.E. is collision free while H.D.E. is subject to collision C. F.D.E. provide higher throughput than H.D.E. on the same bandwidth. D. F.D.E. provides lower throughput than H.D.E. on the same bandwidth. E. F.D.E. consist of shared cable segment while H.D.E. provide point to point throughput.
Ans. B,C (QID:474)7. Which of the following statements regarding the routed & routing protocols are true ?(choose two)

A. A routed protocol is assigned to an Interface and determines the method of packet delivery. B. A routing protocol determines the path of a packet through a network. C. A routed protocol determines the path of a packet through a network. D. A routing protocol operates at the transport layer of the OS1 model. E. A routed protocol updates the routing table of a router.
Answer: A, B (QID:476)11. What does the word any means in the extended access list? (choose 1) Access-list 101 permit IP any 192.168.69.0 0.0.0.255 eq TCP

A. Check any of the bits in the same address B. Permit any wild card mask of the address. C. Accept any source address. D. Checks any bit for the destination address. E. Permit 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0.0 F. Accept any destination address.
Ans. C (QID:468)12. A routing table contains the static, rip, and igrp routes for the same destination network which route would normally be used to forward data. (choose 1)

A. igrp route B. static route C. rip route D. all three will load balance
Ans. B (QID:479)13. Which of the following are true for the frame relay multipoint subinterface? (choose 1)

A. IP address is required for the physical interface of the central router. B. All routers required to be fully meshed. C. All routers must be in the same subnet to forward routing updates and broadcasts. D. Multipoint is the default configuration for the frame relay subinterface.
Ans. C

(QID:480)14. You need to add new vlan named accounts to your switched network. Which of the following are true regarding the configuration of the vlan (choose 3)

A. Vlan must be created B. vlan must be named. C. IP address must be configured for accounts vlan. D. the desired ports must be added to vlan. E. the vlan must be added to the STP domain.
Ans.A,B,D (QID:481)15. Which of these is hybrid protocol (choose 1)

A. RIP B. EIGRP C. IGRP

Ans. B (QID:482)16. Which command is to be used to connect DCE to DTE? (choose 1)

A. serial up B. clockrate C. clock rate D. bandwidth

Ans. C (QID:467)17. Which of these WAN services uses fast digital signals and packed switched? (choose 1)

A. ISDN B. Frame Relay C. ATM d. FDDI

Ans. B (QID:483)18. A new host has been connected to a workgroup switch. Although its Layer 3 configuration is correct, the host is unable to access the server resources in its network segment. What is a likely cause of this problem?

A. The router lacks a routing table entry for the new host B. The host switch port is assigned to the Incorrect VLAN. C. The host MAC address is incorrectly configured. D. A VTP Instance for the new host has not been initialized.
Ans. B

(QID:484)19. Which two statements about the store and forward switching method are true? (Choose two)

A. Latency remains constant regardless of frame size. B. Latency through the switch varies with frame length. C. The switch receives the complete frame before beginning to forward it. D. The switch checks the destination address as soon as it receives the header and begins forwarding the frame immediately.
Answer: B,C (QID:485)20. What is the result of segmenting a network with a router into segments 1 and 2?

A. It increases the number of collisions. B. It decreases the number of broadcast domains. C. It connects segment 1's and broadcasts to segment 2. D. It prevents segment 1's broadcasts from getting to segment 2.
Ans. D - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- Dump 5 Note: This version of dump is corrected, reformatted and missing options added by How2Pass.com staff. You will see TestDump question ID at the end of each question. 1. What is the default encapsulation type for Frame Relay on a Cisco router? A. HDLC B. PPP C. IETF D. Cisco E. ANSI Ans. D (QID:451) 2. The following is a partial representation of the result obtained when entering the show interface serial command: Router# show int s 0 Serial 0 is down, line protocol is down ------ output omitted -------------

The problem lies at what layer? A. Physical B. Data Link C. Network D. Transport Ans. A. (QID:452) 3. Cabling questions - about 2-3 remember the three different types of cable Cisco uses: Straight, Cross Over, and Rollover. You will get a picture of these cables with questions like this: A. Connect Cisco router to ether net interface you need ? Ans. Straight through cable : Pin colors on both ends are in the same sequence. B. Connect host to host? Ans. Cross over cable: It is the cable where Pin 1 on first end is Pin 3 on other endand pin 2 on first end is pin 6 on other end. C. Connect PC to the consol port? Ans. Roll over cable: It is the cable where pin colors at one end are in reverse order at other end. (QID:460,461,462) 4. Which of the following are the default settings for IGRP? A. Update Timer is 90 sec. B. Hold down expires after 280 sec. C. Bandwidth and Delay are the default metrics. D. Subnet Mask information is sent in routing updates. E. Maximum hop count is 255 Ans. A, B, C, E (QID:455) 5. Below is the partial output of show ip routecommand: 172.16.50.0 [100/1200] via 172.16.40.2, 00:01:11, Serial1 Looking at this routing configuration, what are the default routing metrics for this protocol that determines the administrative distance 100? A. The protocol is RIP, metrics are bandwidth and delay B. The protocol is IGRP, metrics are bandwidth and reliability C. The protocol is EIGRP, metrics are bandwidth and delay D. The protocol is IGRP, metrics are bandwidth and delay Ans. D (QID:456) 6. Which command successfully pings an individual IP address? A. Router> ping 192.5.5.0 B. Router# ping 192.5.5.30 C. Router> ping 192.5.5.256 D. Router# ping 192.5.5.255 Answer: B (QID:477) 7. The two simulation questions -they are easy and here how you answer them First one- Setting the password for enable, vty 04, and consol. The trick is to save your running configuration after you do that. Copy run start, remember you must set the terminal emulation "hyper Terminal" to default setting to get access to the Cisco interface.

Second one- The routing problem with three site- The problem site "s0" has the wrong IP, change it to the correct IP and set the interface to "no shutdown" and REMEMBER save your running configuration and ping. Copy run start 8. Which of the following statements are true regarding bridges and switches? (Choose 3) A. Switches are primarily software based while bridges are hardware based. B. Both bridges and switches forward Layer 2 broadcasts. C. Bridges are frequently faster than switches. D. Switches have a higher number of ports than most bridges. E. Bridges define broadcast domains while switches define collision domains. F. Both bridges and switches make forwarding decisions based on Layer 2 addresses. Ans. B,D,F (QID:463) 9. What is the encapsulation steps/order ? An. Data, segment, packet, frame, bits. (QID: 464) 10. Write down the IPX address for host having MAC address 0000.0c56.de33. The host will be participating in network 4a1d. Ans4a1d.0000.0c56.de33 (QID:457) 10. Which of the following methods will prevent routing loops? A. Split horizon B. Hold-down timers C. Poison reverse D. SPF algorithm E. Hop count Ans. A, B, C, E 11. Image files like GIF, PICT, and JPEG are contained in what OSI layer? A. Application B. Session C. Transport D. Presentation Ans. D (QID:48) 13. What is the TOTAL bandwidth for ISDN BRI Channels? Ans. 144 Kbps (QID: 25,33,275) 14. Which Cisco IOS command confirms that a router has established Layer1 and Layer2 communication with telephone companys ISDN switch? A.show isdn active B.show isdn bri0/0 C.show isdn status D.showip interface E.show isdn channel Ans. C (QID:465) 15. Full duplex Ethernet can operate between which of the following devices? (Choose two) A. switch to host B. switch to switch C. hub to hub D. switch to hub E. hub to host

Ans. A, B (QID: 466) 16. Which of the following should be done prior to backing up an IOS image to a network server? (choose three) A. Make sure that the network server can be accessed. B. Check that the authentication for access is set. C. Assure that the network server has adequate space for the code image. D. Verify any file naming and path requirements. E. Make sure that the server can load and run the bootstrap code. Ans. A, C, D (QID:475) 17. What spans the OSI 7 layer model completely (choose 3) A.Network host B. Network management station C. Hub D. Switch E. Web server F. Router Ans. A, B, E (QID:487) 18. With frame-relay point-to-point and multipoint. What is it that you don't need to setup? (Without options it is difficult to guess what cisco wants to ask. No other occurrence of this question could be found) 19. What are the default settings for Frame-Relay? Ans. Encapsulation cisco, Inverse ARP on by default 20. Which of the following WAN services uses circuit switching? A. Frame Relay B. ATM C. ISDN D. X.25 Ans. C. (QID:488) 21. What will happen to the traffic flowing into E0, given the following standard access-list? access-list 1 deny 1.1.1.1 access-list 1 deny 2.2.2.2 inte0 ip access-group 1 in A. IP packets from hosts 1.1.1.1 - 2.2.2.2 to interface E0 will be blocked. B. IP packets from hosts 1.1.1.1 & 2.2.2.2 to interface E0 will be blocked. C. All incoming IP traffic to interface E0 will be blocked. D. It will not have any effect on incoming IP traffic. Ans. C (QID:1) 22. What command moves the cursor to the beginning of the line in CLI ? A. Ctrl-R B. Ctrl-N C. Ctrl-W D. Ctrl-A

Ans. D (QID:42) 23. You want to stop IPX SAP incoming traffic to serial interface. What is the correct access list? A. ipx output-sap-filter B. access-list 802 deny ipx 0.0.0.0 sap C. ipx input-sap-filter 1010 D. ipx input-sap-filter 1010 in Ans. C. (QID:277) 24. What is the range of access list numbers for standard IP access lists? Ans. 1-99 25. What protocol resolves IP to MAC address? Ans. ARP (QID:18) 26. A routing table contains static, RIP, and IGRP routes for the same destinationnetwork. Which route would normally be used to forward data? A. TheIGRP route B. The static route C. The RIP route D. All three with load balance Ans. B (QID:468) 27. At what point between the customers site and the phone carrier is responsibility transferred? A. CO B. Demarc C. CPE D. DTE Ans. B (QID: 58) 28. Which of the following uses "Packet switching"? A. ISDN B. Frame Relay C. FDDI Ans. B 29. What does PPP use for security? Ans. PAP and CHAP (QID:124) 30. What technology prevents network loops in a switched environment? A. Defining a Maximum B. Split Horizon C. Poison Reverse D. STP Ans. D (QID:56) 31. What are two purposes of segmenting a network with a bridge or switch? (Choose two) A. To reduce collisions. B. To increase collisions. C. To add collision domains. D. To reduce collision domains. E. To have more broadcast domains.

Ans. A, C (QID:469) 32. The network 172.12.0.0 needs to be divided into subnets where each subnet has the capacity of 458 IP address. What would be the correct subnet mask to accomplish this division keeping the number of subnets at the maximum. Type the correct value in each box below. Ans. :255.255.254.0 (QID:486) 33. What Cisco keyword matches IPX frame type Ethernet_802.2? A. sap B. arpa C. snap D. novell-ether Ans. A (QID:51) ---------------Dump 6 - A little harder than the CCNA 1.0 which I took about 2 years ago. I used Cisco Press = Excellent prep tool + this site (very good). - If you can pass all the tests on this site + know the answer to every question on braindump#5 and 6 you should pass. - Every question on Braindump #5 was on the exam. - The simulation are extremely easy. 2 total. Note: This version of dump is corrected, reformatted and missing options added by How2Pass.com staff. You will see TestDump question ID at the end of each question. - Turn 010110 to decimal and hex. Ans. Decimal= 22 Hexadecimal= 16 (QID:458,459) 1. Which of the following are true regarding the bridges & switches (choose three) A. Switches are primarily software based while bridges are hardware based. B. Both bridges and switches forward Layer 2 broadcasts. C. Bridges are frequently faster than switches. D. Switches have a higher number of ports than most bridges. E. Bridges define broadcast domains while switches define collision domains. F. Both bridges and switches make forwarding decisions based on Layer 2 addresses. Ans. B,D,F (QID:463) 2. Which of the following are characteristics of layer 2 ethernet switches? (choose Two) A. Establish a single collision domain. B. Establish separate collision domains. C. Build a dynamic Mac address Mapping table. D. Maintain a routine table. E. Forward unicast frames only. Ans. B C (QID:454) 3. Which command displays RIP Routing update as they are sent & received by the Router ? (choose One) A. Show IP Protocols b. Show IP Route RIP

C. Debug IP RIP D. Debug IP Update E. Debug IP transaction Ans. C (QID:470) 4. Which Command is used to display the placement & direction of an IP Access Control List on a router ?(choose one) A. Show access list B. Show IP Router C. Show IP Interface D. Show interface list E. Shor IP interface brief Ans. C (QID:471) 5. Which of the following WAN Services uses two datalink layer encapsulations one for data & one for signaling ?(choose one) A. ISDN B. Frame Relay C. ATM D. FDDI Ans. A (QID:472) 6. Which of the following are true for Full Duplex Ethernet(F.D.E) when compare to Half Duplex Ethernet(H.D.E)? (choose two) A. F.D.Econsist of a shared Broadcast Domain while Half-Duplex Ethernet (H.D.E) consist of Private Broadcast domain. B. F.D.E is collision free while H.D.E. is subject to collision. C. F.D.E provide higher throughput than H.D.E. on the same bandwidth. D. F.D.E provides lower throughput than H.D.E. on the same bandwidth. E. F.D.Econsist of shared cable segment while H.D.E. provide point to point throughput. Ans. B,C (QID:473) 7. Which of the following statements regarding the routed & routing protocols are true? (choose two) A. A routed protocol is assigned to an Interface and determines the method of packet delivery. B. A routing protocol determines the path of a packet through a network. C. A routed protocol determines the path of a packet through a network. D. A routing protocol operates at the transport layer of the OS1 model. E. A routed protocol updates the routing table of a router. Ans. A, B (QID:474) 8. What does the word any means in the extended access list? access-list 101 permit ip any 192.168.69.0 0.0.0.255 eqtcp A. Check any of the bits in the same address. B. Permit any wild card mask of the address. C. Accept any source address.

D. checks any bit for the destination address. E. Permit 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0.0 F. Accept any destination address. Ans. C (QID:476) 9. A routing table contains the static, rip, and igrp routes for the same destination network. Which route would normally be used to forward data? (choose 1) A. igrproute B. static route C. rip route D. All three will load balance Ans. B (QID:468) 10. Which of the following are true for the frame relay multipoint subinterface? (choose 1) A. IP address is required for the physical interface of the central router. B. All routes required to be fully meshed. C. All routes must be in the same subnet to forward routing updates and broadcasts. D. Multipoint is the default configuration for the frame relay subinterface. Ans. C (QID:479) 11. You need to add a new VLAN, named ACCOUNTS, to your switched network. Which of the following are true regarding configuration of this VLAN?(Choose three) A. The VLAN must be created. B. TheVLAN must be named. C. An IP address must be configured for the ACCOUNTS VLAN. D. The desired ports must be added to the new VLAN. E. TheVLAN must be added to the STP domain. Ans.A,B,D (QID:480) 12. which of these is hybrid protocol (choose 1) A. rip B. eigrp C. igrp Ans. B (QID:481) 13. Which command is to be used to connect DCE to DTE? (choose 1) A. serial up B. clockrate C. clock rate Ans. C (QID:482) 14. Which of these uses fast digital signals and is packet switched? (choose 1) A. ISDN B. Frame relay C. ATM D. FDDI

Ans. B (QID:467) 15. A new host has been added to the workgroup switch. Although the layer three configurations are correct, the host is unable to access the server resources in its network segment. What is the most likely problem? (choose 1) A. The router lacks a routing table entry for the new host. B. The host switch port is assigned to the incorrect vlan C. The host MAC address is incorrectly configured. D. The vtp instance for the new host has not been initialized. E. TCP/IP is not configured correctly on the host. Ans. B (QID:483) 16.They give you some MAC number and Network number, for example: Network = yyyy; Ethernet Card Mac Address = xxxx.xxxx.xxxx You have to fill in the blanks in the correct order. Pretty easy. Example Answer: yyyy.xxxx.xxxx.xxxx Remember Network comes first. (QID:458) I also had about 3 or 4 Scenario Problem solving question. I can't remember what they were. Passing score was 849. -----------------Dump 7 - A little harder than the CCNA 1.0 which I took about 2 years ago. I used Cisco Press = Excellent prep tool + this site (very good). - If you can pass all the tests on this site + know the answer to every question on braindump#5 and 6 you should pass. - Every question on Braindump #5 was on the exam. - The simulation are extremely easy. 2 total. Note: This version of dump is corrected, reformatted and missing options added by How2Pass.com staff. You will see TestDump question ID at the end of each question. - Turn 010110 to decimal and hex. Ans. Decimal= 22 Hexadecimal= 16 (QID:458,459) 1. Which of the following are true regarding the bridges & switches (choose three) A. Switches are primarily software based while bridges are hardware based. B. Both bridges and switches forward Layer 2 broadcasts. C. Bridges are frequently faster than switches. D. Switches have a higher number of ports than most bridges. E. Bridges define broadcast domains while switches define collision domains. F. Both bridges and switches make forwarding decisions based on Layer 2 addresses. Ans. B,D,F (QID:463) 2. Which of the following are characteristics of layer 2 ethernet switches? (choose Two) A. Establish a single collision domain.

B. Establish separate collision domains. C. Build a dynamic Mac address Mapping table. D. Maintain a routine table. E. Forward unicast frames only. Ans. B C (QID:454) 3. Which command displays RIP Routing update as they are sent & received by the Router ? (choose One) A. Show IP Protocols b. Show IP Route RIP C. Debug IP RIP D. Debug IP Update E. Debug IP transaction Ans. C (QID:470) 4. Which Command is used to display the placement & direction of an IP Access Control List on a router ?(choose one) A. Show access list B. Show IP Router C. Show IP Interface D. Show interface list E. Shor IP interface brief Ans. C (QID:471) 5. Which of the following WAN Services uses two datalink layer encapsulations one for data & one for signaling ?(choose one) A. ISDN B. Frame Relay C. ATM D. FDDI Ans. A (QID:472) 6. Which of the following are true for Full Duplex Ethernet(F.D.E) when compare to Half Duplex Ethernet(H.D.E)? (choose two) A. F.D.Econsist of a shared Broadcast Domain while Half-Duplex Ethernet (H.D.E) consist of Private Broadcast domain. B. F.D.E is collision free while H.D.E. is subject to collision. C. F.D.E provide higher throughput than H.D.E. on the same bandwidth. D. F.D.E provides lower throughput than H.D.E. on the same bandwidth. E. F.D.Econsist of shared cable segment while H.D.E. provide point to point throughput. Ans. B,C (QID:473) 7. Which of the following statements regarding the routed & routing protocols are true? (choose two) A. A routed protocol is assigned to an Interface and determines the method of packet delivery. B. A routing protocol determines the path of a packet through a network. C. A routed protocol determines the path of a packet through a network. D. A routing protocol operates at the transport layer of the OS1 model.

E. A routed protocol updates the routing table of a router. Ans. A, B (QID:474) 8. What does the word any means in the extended access list? access-list 101 permit ip any 192.168.69.0 0.0.0.255 eqtcp A. Check any of the bits in the same address. B. Permit any wild card mask of the address. C. Accept any source address. D. checks any bit for the destination address. E. Permit 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0.0 F. Accept any destination address. Ans. C (QID:476) 9. A routing table contains the static, rip, and igrp routes for the same destination network. Which route would normally be used to forward data? (choose 1) A. igrproute B. static route C. rip route D. All three will load balance Ans. B (QID:468) 10. Which of the following are true for the frame relay multipoint subinterface? (choose 1) A. IP address is required for the physical interface of the central router. B. All routes required to be fully meshed. C. All routes must be in the same subnet to forward routing updates and broadcasts. D. Multipoint is the default configuration for the frame relay subinterface. Ans. C (QID:479) 11. You need to add a new VLAN, named ACCOUNTS, to your switched network. Which of the following are true regarding configuration of this VLAN?(Choose three) A. The VLAN must be created. B. TheVLAN must be named. C. An IP address must be configured for the ACCOUNTS VLAN. D. The desired ports must be added to the new VLAN. E. TheVLAN must be added to the STP domain. Ans.A,B,D (QID:480) 12. which of these is hybrid protocol (choose 1) A. rip B. eigrp C. igrp Ans. B (QID:481) 13. Which command is to be used to connect DCE to DTE? (choose 1)

A. serial up B. clockrate C. clock rate Ans. C (QID:482) 14. Which of these uses fast digital signals and is packet switched? (choose 1) A. ISDN B. Frame relay C. ATM D. FDDI Ans. B (QID:467) 15. A new host has been added to the workgroup switch. Although the layer three configurations are correct, the host is unable to access the server resources in its network segment. What is the most likely problem? (choose 1) A. The router lacks a routing table entry for the new host. B. The host switch port is assigned to the incorrect vlan C. The host MAC address is incorrectly configured. D. The vtp instance for the new host has not been initialized. E. TCP/IP is not configured correctly on the host. Ans. B (QID:483) 16.They give you some MAC number and Network number, for example: Network = yyyy; Ethernet Card Mac Address = xxxx.xxxx.xxxx You have to fill in the blanks in the correct order. Pretty easy. Example Answer: yyyy.xxxx.xxxx.xxxx Remember Network comes first. (QID:458) I also had about 3 or 4 Scenario Problem solving question. I can't remember what they were. Passing score was 849. -------------Dump 8 Note: This version of dump is corrected, reformatted and missing options added by How2Pass.com staff. These all questions are already part of TestDump 2.0. ================================================================ 1. A Cisco router connected to another non-Cisco router. Link between them is down. The show ip interface output on the Cisco router is shown. It shows encapsulation HDLC. What will you do to bring them up? A. No shutdown B. Encapsulation ppp C. Interface serial point-to-point D. Clock rate 56000 Ans. B (Always use ppp when connecting to non-Cisco) 2. Which Cisco IOS command confirms that a router has established Layer1 and Layer2 communication with telephone companys ISDN switch?

A. show isdn active B. show isdn bri0/0 C. show isdn status D. show ip interface E. show isdn channel Ans. C 3. Simulations were easy. One - Connectivity lost between 2 routers. One router has incorrectly assigned IP address. Correct it and it comes up (See braindumps!!). Second -Enable, console, and telnet passwords. I feel getting the simulations right is 2/3rd's of the job done !! 4. You are given a PC, a router, and a cable. Select the correct combination that will allow you to log into the router locally using a terminal emulation program such as Hyper Terminal. A. Connect the PCs COM port to the routers console port using a straight-through cable. B. Connect the PCs COM port to the routers console port using a rollover cable. C. Connect the PCs COM port to the routers Ethernet port using a slight-through cable. D. Connect the PCs Ethernet port to the routers Ethernet port using a rollover cable. E. Connect the PCs Ethernet port to the routers Ethernet port using a straight-through cable. Ans. B 5. 2 questions on IGRP. Both on the same lines. What does IGRP use by default to calculate metric? Another had given an output of ip route with [100/1200]. What does it use by default to calculate the value 1200? Ans. Bandwidth, Delay. 6. Total Output of ISDN BRI (Data+Signaling) Ans. 144 Kbps (64+64+16). (Please read the Q carefully. Sometimes they ask for a single BRI channel, only data or Total, as in my case) 7. Modem networks are often described as using 100Base-TX components. What is meant by the term 'Base' in this definition? A. It describes the signaling method for communication on the network. B. It refers to the type of media used in the network. C. It relates to the speed of transmission of network signals. D. It defines the allowable length of media that can be used. E. It defines half-duplex or full-duplex operation. Ans.A8. Which OSI layer ensures reliable end-to-end delivery of data? A. Application B. Presentation C. Session D. Transport E. Network Ans. D 9) Find usable subnets & usable hosts for network address 201.105.13.0/26 Ans. 2 subnets & 62 usable hosts . 10. Which two statements about the store and forward switching method are true? (Choose two) A. Latency remains constant regardless of frame size.

B. Latency through the switch varies with frame length. C. The switch receives the complete frame before beginning to forward it. D. The switch checks the destination address as soon as it receives the header and begins forwarding the frame immediately. Ans. B, C 11. Which two commands allow you to verify address configuration in your internetwork? A. Ping B. Trace C. Verify D. Test IP E. Echo IP F. Config IP Ans. A, B Please Note: In some questions one option is Tracert. Tracert is not Cisco IOS command, it is Trace (see next question) 12. Which commands could be used at the command line interface of router to troubleshoot LAN connectivity problems? (Choose three) A. Ping B. Tracert C. Ipconfig D. Show ip route E. Winipcfg F. Show interface Ans. A, D, F 13. Following commands were issued to configuration IGRP on two directly connected routers: Router A RouterA(config)#router igrp 10 RouterA(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 RouterA(config-router)#network 192.168.4.0 RouterA(config-router)#network 192.168.5.0 RouterA(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0 Router B RouterB(config)#router igrp 100 RouterB(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 RouterB(config-router)#network 192.168.6.0 RouterB(config-router)#network 192.168.7.0 Assuming a properly configured network, which networks will be found in RouterB's routing table? A. 192.168.3.0 192.168.4.0 192.168.5.0 B. 172.16.0.0 C. 192.168.3.0 192.168.4.0 192.168.5.0 192.168.6.0 192.168.7.0 172.16.0.0

D. 192.168.3.0 192.168.6.0 192.168.7.0 E. 192.168.3.0 192.168.4.0 192.168.5.0 192.168.6.0 192.168.7.0 Ans. D 14. Which command is used to display the placement & direction of an IP Access Control List on a router? A. show access list B. show ip router C. show ip interface D. show interface list E. show ip interface brief Ans. C 15. You are the network administrator of a Company. You receive a call from a user who is unable to reach a server at a remote site. After further review, you discover the following information: Local PC 10.0.3.35/24 Default gateway 10.0.3.1 Remote server 10.0.5.250/240 You then conduct the following tests from the offending local PC: Ping 127.0.0.1 successful <----- (Loopback) Ping 10.0.3.35 successful Ping 10.0.3.1 successful Ping 10.0.5.250 unsuccessful Which of the following problems would create the test results listed above? A. TCP/IP not correctly installed B. Local physical layer problem C. Local NIC not functioning D. Remote physical layer problem Ans. D 16. The network 172.12.0.0 needs to be divided into subnets where each subnet has the capacity of 458 IP address. What would be the correct subnet mask to accomplish this division keeping the number of subnets at the maximum? Type the correct value in box below. Answer: 255.255.254.0 17. Full duplex Ethernet can operate between which of the following devices? (Choose three) A. switch to host B. switch to switch C. hub to hub D. switch to hub E. hub to host F. host to host Ans. A, B, F 18. What is the default encapsulation type for frame-relay? A. HDLC B. CISCO

C. IETF D. ANSI Ans. CISCO19. What is the correct order of protocol data units in data encapsulation? A. Data,Frame,Packet,Segment,Bit B. Data,Frame,Segment,Packet,Bit C. Data,Packet,Frame,Segment,Bit D. Data,Packet,Segment,Frame,Bit E. Data,Segment,Frame,Packet,Bit F. Data,Segment,Packet,Frame,Bit Ans. F - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Dump 9 I have tried my best to get all 50 questions. Below are 47 questions and two simulation questions that were on my exam. I am 99 % sure that they are word for word like the real thing. Study hard and good luck! Note: This version of dump is corrected, reformatted and missing options added by How2Pass.com staff. These questions are already part of TestDump 2.0. ================================================================ Simulations questions are very easy two in total.

Simulations #1(troubleshooting)
There are 3 routers East, Central and West. East and Central one day stop talking see whats wrong and fix the problem. The problem is at router East the serial 0 has the wrong IP address or subnet mask. On my exam was router East has the wrong subnet mask on serial 0 (or you my get a wrong IP address) just change it back to 255.255.255.0 and set it to NO SHUTDOWN do your clock rate 56000 remember to COPY RUNN START. IF you can do it less than 5 min. like me ping the interfaces. You will see it will all ping successfully. Hey Members! you can get topology snapshot of this problem plus downloadable Try it yourself simulations which you can solve in new router simulator software ver 3.0. See details on Simulations page in members area. Download new version of router simulator from downloads page and contact customer support for new password (new members are provided automatically) Here are the steps: Enable Router# config t Router# ints0 Router# ip address (ip address) (subnet mask) Router# no shutdown Router# clock rate 56000 Router# Ctrl Z Router# copy run start (* NOTE: You may get a different story to your question but the problem is the same something wrong with serial 0 interface on one of the two router that are not talking. Just do a show configure and check the interfaces.)

Simulations #2 (Configuring)
All you have to do is configure the passwords word for enable secret, console 0, and line vty 0 4. They will provide you with the passwords. Write down which password go with which so to save you time. This is what I had: Type: Password: Enable secret present Line console 0 door

Line vty 0 4 (cant remember) (* NOTE: your may get a different passwords than mine) Here are the steps. Enable Router# config t Router# enable secret (your password) Router# line console 0 Router# login Router# password (your password) Router# line vty 0 4 Router# login Router# password (your password) Router# Ctrl Z Router# COPY RUN START

===================================================
Exam Questions the good stuff 3. What is the default encapsulation type for Frame Relay on a Cisco router? A. HDLC B. PPP C. IETF D. Cisco E. ANSI Ans. D 4. The following is a partial representation of the result obtained when entering the show interface serial command: Router# show int s 0 Serial 0 is down, line protocol is down ------ output omitted ------------The problem lies at what layer? A. Physical B. Data Link C. Network D. Transport Ans. A 5. Cabling questions - about 2-3 remember the three different types of cable Cisco uses. You will get a question. Mine was connect router to router (use cross over cable. Pick the cable with the right color code of both end. 6. Which of the following are the default settings for IGRP? A. Update Timer is 90 sec. B. Hold down expires after 280 sec. C. Bandwidth and Delay are the default metrics. D. Subnet Mask information is sent in routing updates. E. Maximum hop count is 255 7. Below is the partial output of show ip route command: 172.16.50.0 [100/1200] via 172.16.40.2, 00:01:11, Serial1 Looking at this routing configuration, what are the default routing metrics for this protocol that determines the administrative distance 100? A. The protocol is RIP, metrics are bandwidth and delay B. The protocol is IGRP, metrics are bandwidth and reliability C. The protocol is EIGRP, metrics are bandwidth and delay D. The protocol is IGRP, metrics are bandwidth and delay Ans. D 7. Which command successfully pings an individual IP address? A. Router> ping 192.5.5.0 B. Router# ping 192.5.5.30

C. Router> ping 192.5.5.256 D. Router# ping 192.5.5.255 Ans. B (All others are not valid host address) 8. Which of the following statements are true regarding bridges and switches? (Choose 3) A. Switches are primarily software based while bridges are hardware based. B. Both bridges and switches forward Layer 2 broadcasts. C. Bridges are frequently faster than switches. D. Switches have a higher number of ports than most bridges. E. Bridges define broadcast domains while switches define collision domains. F. Both bridges and switches make forwarding decisions based on Layer 2 addresses. Ans B, D, F 9. What are the encapsulation steps/order ? An. Data, segment, packet, frame, bits. 10. Write down the IPX address for host having MAC address 0000.0c56.de33. The host will be participating in network 4a1d. The one is a fill-in the blank question. Ans4a1d.0000.0c56.de33 11. Which of the following methods will prevent routing loops? A. Split horizon B. Hold-down timers C. Poison reverse D. SPF algorithm E. Hop count If the question does not mention the type of routing protocols, as this question, then the answer is A, B, C, E. However if question mentions Distance Vector routing protocols, then the answer is A, B, E. Poison reverse is implemented by Link state routing protocols. 12. Image files like GIF, PICT, and JPEG are contained in what OSI layer? A. Application B. Session C. Transport D. Presentation Ans. D 13. What is the bandwidth for ISDN BRI B Channels? You may get one that ask for the total bandwidth. (144 total) Ans. 64 Kbps 14. Which Cisco IOS command confirms that a router has established Layer1 and Layer2 communication with telephone companys ISDN switch? A show isdn active B. show isdn bri0/0 C. show isdn status D.showip interface E.show isdn channel Ans. C 15. Full duplex Ethernet can operate between which of the following devices? (Choose two) A. switch to host B. switch to switch C. hub to hub D. switch to hub E. hub to host Ans. A, B (Also host to host if given an option) 16. Which of the following should be done prior to backing up an IOS image to a network server? (choose three) A. Make sure that the network server can be accessed. B. Check that the authentication for access is set. C. Assure that the network server has adequate space for the code image. D. Verify any file naming and path requirements. E. Make sure that the server can load and run the bootstrap code.

Ans. A, C, D 17. What are the default settings for Frame-Relay? Ans. Encapsulation cisco, Inverse ARP on by default 18. What command moves the cursor to the beginning of the line in CLI ? Ans. Ctrl-A 19. What spans the OSI 7 layer model completely (choose 3) A. Network host B. Network management station C. Hub D. Switch E. Web server F. Router Ans. A, B, E 20. Which of the following WAN services uses circuit switching? A. Frame Relay B. ATM C. ISDN D. X.25 Ans. C 21. What will happen to the traffic flowing into E0, given the following standard access-list? access-list 1 deny 1.1.1.1 access-list 1 deny 2.2.2.2 inte0 ip access-group 1 in A. IP packets from hosts 1.1.1.1 - 2.2.2.2 to interface E0 will be blocked. B. IP packets from hosts 1.1.1.1 & 2.2.2.2 to interface E0 will be blocked. C. All incoming IP traffic to interface E0 will be blocked. D. It will not have any effect on incoming IP traffic. Ans . C (there is no permit statement at the end to allow all other traffic. If it was then the answer would be B). 22. You want to stop IPX SAP incoming traffic to serial interface. What is the correct access list? A. ipx output-sap-filter B. access-list 802 deny ipx 0.0.0.0 sap C. ipx input-sap-filter 1010 D. ipx input-sap-filter 1010 in Ans. C 23. What is the range of access list numbers for standard IP access lists? 1-99 24. What protocol resolves IP to MAC address? ARP 25. A routing table contains static, RIP, and IGRP routes for the same destination network. Which route would normally be used to forward data? A. TheIGRP route B. The static route C. The RIP route D. All three with load balance Ans. B 26. At what point between the customers site and the phone carrier is responsibility transferred? A. CO B. Demarc C. CPE D. DTE Ans. B 27. Which of the following uses "Packet switching"? A. ISDN B. Frame Relay C. FDDI D. ATM

Ans. B 28. What does PPP use for security? Ans. PAP and CHAP 29. What technology prevents network loops in a switched environment? A. Defining a Maximum B. Split Horizon C. Poison Reverse D. STP Ans. D 30. The network 172.12.0.0 needs to be divided into subnets where each subnet has the capacity of 458 IP address. What would be the correct subnet mask to accomplish this division keeping the number of subnets at the maximum? Type the correct value in each box below. An. 255.255.254.0 31. What are two purposes of segmenting a network with a bridge or switch? (Choose two) A. To reduce collisions. B. To increase collisions. C. To add collision domains. D. To reduce collision domains. E. To have more broadcast domains. Ans. A, C 32. What Cisco keyword matches IPX frame type Ethernet_802.2? A. sap B. arpa C. snap D. novell-ether Ans. A 33. Which of the following are characteristics of layer 2 Ethernet switches? (choose Two) A. Establish a single collision domain. B. Establish separate collision domains. C. Build a dynamic Mac address Mapping table. D. Maintain a routine table. E. Forward unicast frames only.Ans. B, C 34. Which command displays RIP Routing update as they are sent & received by the Router? (choose One) A. Show IP Protocols b. Show IP Route RIP C. Debug IP RIP D. Debug IP Update E. Debug IP transaction Ans. C 35. Which Command is used to display the placement & direction of an IP Access Control List on a router ?(choose one) A. Show access list B. Show IP Router C. Show IP Interface D. Show interface list E. Show IP interface brief Ans. C 36. Which of the following WAN Services uses two data link layer encapsulations one for data & one for signaling ?(choose one) A. ISDN B. Frame Relay C. ATM D. FDDI Ans. A

37. Which of the following are true for Full Duplex Ethernet(F.D.E) when compare to Half Duplex Ethernet(H.D.E)? (choose two) A. F.D.E consists of a shared Broadcast Domain while Half-Duplex Ethernet (H.D.E) consist of Private Broadcast domain. B. F.D.E is collision free while H.D.E. is subject to collision. C. F.D.E provide higher throughput than H.D.E. on the same bandwidth. D. F.D.E provides lower throughput than H.D.E. on the same bandwidth. E. F.D.Econsist of shared cable segment while H.D.E. provide point to point throughput. Ans. B, C 38. What does the word any means in the extended access list? access-list 101 permit ip any 192.168.69.0 0.0.0.255 eqtcp A. Check any of the bits in the same address. B. Permit any wild card mask of the address. C. Accept any source address. D. checks any bit for the destination address. E. Permit 255.255.255.255 0.0.0.0.0 F. Accept any destination address. Ans. C 39. You need to add a new VLAN, named ACCOUNTS, to your switched network. Which of the following are true regarding configuration of this VLAN? A. TheVLAN must be created. B. TheVLAN must be named. C. An IP address must be configured for the ACCOUNTS VLAN. D. The desired ports must be added to the new VLAN. E. TheVLAN must be added to the STP domain. Ans. A, B, D 40. A new host has been added to the workgroup switch. Although the layer three configurations are correct, the host is unable to access the server resources in its network segment. What is the most likely problem? (choose 1) A. The router lacks a routing table entry for the new host. B. The host switch port is assigned to the incorrect vlan C. The host MAC address is incorrectly configured. D. The vtp instance for the new host has not been initialized. Ans. B 41. Which of these uses fast digital signals and is packet switched? (choose 1) A. ISDN B. Frame relay C. ATM D. FDDI Ans. B 42. Which level does the packet reside at?

A. Network B. transport C. data link D. physical Ans. A

43. Which two statements are true, about store and forward switching (choose two) A. latency remains constant regarding the frame size B. latency through the switch varies the frame length C. the switch receives the complete frame before forwarding it D. the switch checks the destination address as soon as it receives the frame Ans. B, C 44. You have two routers A and B configured with IGRP as follows: RouterA has RouterB has Router igrp 100 Router igrp 101 Network 192.23.3.0 Network 192.23.5.0 Network 192.23.4.0 Network 192.23.6.0 Network 192.23.5.0 Network 192.23.7.0 If you issue the show ip route command, whic networks will be in the routing table of RouterB? Ans. Network 192.23.5.0 Network 192.23.6.0 Network 192.23.7.0 45. What is the switching technology for loop avoidance? a. vlans b. router c. spanning tree Ans. C 46. Which of the following command is correct? a. access-group 101 b. ip access-group 101 in c. ip access-group d. access-group 101 out e. ip access-list 101 out Ans. B 47. There will be subnet question where you have to pick the correct host rang 3 out of 5 class C address. The IP address is X.X.X.X/26. So know your subnet. 48. With frame-relay multipoint subenterfaces what is it that you don't need to configure? I do not remember all the choices but I know the answer is CONFIGURE IP ADDRESS. That was one of the choices. A. The Frame Relay encapsulation on the physical interface. B. The local DLCI on each subinterface. C. An IP address on the physical interface. D. The subinterface type as multipoint. Ans. C 49. You have two switches joined together with a trunk link that compose of port 1-1, 2-2, 3-3, and 4-4 you will get a picture with cable connecting the two switches. You have to pick 3 of 5 the choices. Exhibit A. Host 1-1 can ping Host 1-2 B. Host 1-1 can ping Host 4-2 C. Host 1-1 can not ping Host 1-2 D. Host 4-1 can not ping Host 1-2 E. Host 4-1 can ping Host 4-2 Ans. A, D, E (QID:504)