Arc View

Ti liu ging dy v GIS
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Phn 1:
Lm quen vi Arcview
1.1. Gii thiu v Arcview

1.1.1. Arcview l g?
Phn mm Arcview GIS l phn mm ng dng cng ngh h thng thng tin a l (GIS) ca Vin nghin cu h thng mi trng (ESRI). Arcview cho php bn:
To v chnh sa d liu tch hp (d liu khng gian tch hp vi d liu thuc tnh).
Truy vn d liu thuc tnh t nhiu ngun v bng nhiu cch khc nhau.
Hin th, truy vn v phn tch d liu khng gian. To bn chuyn v to ra cc bn in c cht lng trnh by cao.
1.1.2. Bn c th lm g vi Arcview?
To d liu trong Arcview t cc phn mm khc nh Mapinfo, ARC/INFO, Microstation, AutoCAD, MS Access Data, DBASE file, Excel file.
Ni suy, phn tch khng gian, v d: t ng bnh c th to m hnh b mt khng gian ba chiu; t m hnh khng gian 3 chiu ni suy ra hng dng chy, hng sn, dc. Hoc, da vo gi tr o c nhng trm thu vn trong mt khu vc, bn c th ni suy bn lng ma, nhit ti cao, ti thp ca khu vc .
To ra nhng bn thng minh c kt ni nhanh (hotlink) vi nhiu ngun d liu khc nhau nh: biu , bng thuc tnh, nh v cc file khc.
Pht trin nhng cng c ca Arcview bng ngn ng lp trnh Avenue

1.1.3. Cc khi nim c bn trong Arcview
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Project: l mt cp ti liu ln, trong lu tr 5 loi ti liu tng ng vi 5 ca s lm vic: View, Tables, Charts, Layouts, Scripts. File Project l mt file c nh dng ASCII (m nh phn) m thng c ui (*.apr). Khi Save Project l bn ghi li trng thi lm vic hin thi ca tt c cc ca s lm vic trn. View: l ca s hin th v lm vic vi d liu khng gian. Mi view c th c nhiu lp thng tin khc nhau (theme). Theme: l nhng lp thng tin th hin hnh dng, phn b khng gian ca cc i tng. Mi mt theme tng ng l mt file d liu ca Arcview. N c th l 1 shape file (*.shp); l 1 image (*.tif, *.jpj); 1 Grid, 1 TIN. Shapefile: l nh dng chun ca Arcview, lu tr d liu vector. Mi mt Shape file cha mt dng d liu duy nht di dng im, ng, hoc vng. Image: l file d liu dng nh. Cc nh dng nh thng thng ca window nh *.bmp, *.tif, *.jpg u m trc tip c trong Arcview. Grid: l mt dng d liu raster m t mt b mt mang gi tr lin tc. Gi tr mi li (cell) l gi tr ca b mt ti v tr . TIN: Tng t Grid nhng theo dng li tam gic khng u. Table: L bng thuc tnh cha cc thng tin v cc i tng khng gian hoc c th l mt bng c s d liu nh .dbf, .mdb, . Avenue: L ngn ng lp trnh ca Arcview. Bn c th s dng Avenue tu bin giao din Arcview, t ng ho chc nng GIS thng thng v to ra cc ng dng ng b trn ca s Script.
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1.2. Cc bi tp thc hnh lm quen vi Arcview

Bi tp 1.2.1. Lm quen vi giao din ca Arcview
1. Khi ng Arcview: chn menu Start => programs => ESRI => Arcview 3.2. Hoc kch p vo biu tng trn mn hnh Desktop.
2. nh du vo With a new View trong hp thoi Welcome to ArcviewGIS. With a new View: to mt View mi.
- As a blank project: to mt project mi. - Open an existing project: m mt project c.
3. Xut hin hp thoi hi bn c mun m d liu vo View va to khng => Chn Yes => Xut hin hp thoi Add Theme 4. M File d liu v ng file d liu - Chn ng dn n th mc lm vic C:\BaitapAV\Introduction trong hp Add Theme - Chn Bacgiang_h.shp - Bm OK File bacgiang_h.shp c chn ra ca s lm vic (View1) v tn ti di dng l 1 Theme. Theme bacgiang-h th hin cc n v hnh chnh huyn ca tnh Bc Giang. Bi tp tip theo s gip cc bn tm hiu v khm ph d liu ca 1 theme bng cc
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cng c ca Arcview Bn c th m nhiu theme khc cng vi theme Bacgiang-h bng cch: - T ca s View, chn biu tng trn thanh lnh n m thm
cc Theme khc => Xut hin hp hi thoi Add Theme. - Chn ng dn n th mc lm vic: C:\BaitapAV\Introduction. - Gi phm Shift v chn 2 Theme diadanh.shp, quoclo.shp. - Bm OK. Bn c th xo mt hoc nhiu theme bng cch: - Kch hot theme Bacgiang_h.shp bng cch bm chut tri vo Bacgiang_h.shp. - T thanh Menu chn Edit => Delete Themes. => Xut hin hp thoi hi li bn c mun xo Bacgiang_h.shp ra khi View hin hnh khng. - Chn Yes Theme dng kch hot 5. t cc thng s cho View - Trn thanh Menu chn View => Properties => Xut hin hp thoi. - Trong hp Name, nh tn View l bacgiang. - Trong hp Creator nh tn ngi to View: Nga - Chn Map Units (n v bn ): meter. - Chn Distance Units (n v khong cch): kilometers. - Bm chut tri vo Projection. => Xut hin hp thoi.
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- Chn Yes. => Xut hin hp thoi - Bm chut tri vo trn trc trc ch Standard (php chiu chun mc). - Chn trn thanh cun hp Category v Type ln lt cc gi tr sau: Projection of the World, Geographic. - Bm OK hp thoi Projection Properties. - Bm OK hp thoi View Properties. Sau khi t li thng s cho View, bn s khng nhn thy cc Theme trn ca s lm vic. hin th cc Theme bn chn biu tng View).
Bi tp 1.2.2. Tm hiu, khm ph d liu
(nhn tng th
1. Xem thng tin ca cc i tng bng cch - Chn biu tng trn thanh cng c
- Kch chut tri vo i tng bn mun xem thng tin. Kt qu xut hin trong bng 2. Phng to ni dung d liu bng cch - Chn trn thanh cng c
- Kch chut tri vo mn hnh hoc v mt hnh ch nht ti v tr cn phng to phng to ni dung d liu. 3. Thu nh ni dung d liu bng cch - Chn trn thanh cng c
- Kch chut tri vo mn hnh hoc v mt hnh ch nht ti v tr cn thu nh thu nh ni dung d liu. 4. Dch chuyn mn hnh n v tr cn xem thng tin bng cch
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- Chn
trn thanh cng c
- Gi chut tri vo mn hnh v di biu tng n v tr cn xem thng tin. 5. Thu ton b bn v v trong ca s View bng cch - Chn trn thanh lnh n.
Bn c th nhn thy tt c cc Theme trn View hin thi. 6. Xem ton b thng tin thuc tnh ca mt Theme bng cch - Bm chut tri vo Theme Quoclo.shp chn theme active. - Chn
-
trn thanh lnh n.
Xut hin bng thuc tnh ca Theme c chn active
Bi tp 1.2.3. Tm kim d liu
Bi ny hng dn s dng cc cng c tm kim thng tin, chn la i tng v xem mi lin kt gia bng thuc tnh v cc i tng trn view. 1. Tm kim i tng theo mt thuc tnh bit trc. V d tm v tr huyn Lc Nam. - Chn theme Bacging-h ch active - Chn t thanh cng c.
=> Xut hin hp thoi - Kch p chut vo trng [Thuochuyen]. - Bm chut tri vo biu tng du =. - Kch p vo Lc Nam. - Bm New Set. Trn View i tng c chn t ng chuyn sang mu vng.
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Bng cch trn bn tm kim v tr cc i tng sau: 1. Tm tt c nhng huyn c dn s >= 162710 v =< 193411 trn Theme Bacgiang_h.shp 2. Tm quc l 1 trn Theme Quoclo.shp 3. Tm a danh Hong Hoa Thm trn Theme Diadanh.shp. 2. Chn cc i tng trn View v tm cc bn ghi thuc tnh tng ng trong bng thuc tnh - Chn theme cha i tng cn chn ch active - Chn cng c Select Feature trn thanh lnh n
- Bm tri chut vo nhng i tng cn xem bn ghi trn View - Chn - chn t thanh lnh n m bng thuc tnh trn thanh lnh n ca ca s lm vic Table ko tt c
cc la chn ln u bng.
- Chn
trn thanh lnh n b la chn trn.
3. La chn i tng da trn mi quan h khng gian gia cc Theme. Cc mi quan h khng gian c th c gia cc Theme l: Quan h nm trong; Quan h gn k; Quan h giao nhau. Vd. Tm tt c cc con sng chy qua th x Bc Giang - M theme Bacgiang-h.shp v Bacgiang-song.shp trong th mc C:\BaitapAV\Introduction. - Chn theme Bacgiang-h.shp ch active => Chn Th x Bc Giang - Chn theme Bacgiang-song.shp ch active - T thanh Menu chn Theme => Select By Theme
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- Trong hp Select feature of active Theme that chn Intersect - Trong hp The selected features of chn Bacgiang-h.shp - Bm New Set
S dng cch chn la trn chn tt c nhng huyn no c Quc l 1A chy qua.

Bi tp 1.2.4. Thay i cch hin th d liu
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Khi bn chn Theme ra ca s View, Arcview s t ng to biu tng ng nht cho cc i tng trn cng mt Theme. Bn c th thay i mu sc, ng nt, kiu nn cho cc i tng hoc to bn chuyn theo cc thng tin thuc tnh ca n. 1. Trnh by mu sc cho cc huyn ca tnh Bc Giang - Kch p chut tri vo Bacgiang_h.shp - Trong thanh cun Leged Type ca hp hi thoi khi ko xung => Chn Unique value - Trong hp Values Field chn trng Thuochuyen.
- Kch p chut tri vo tng huyn tng ng trong hp bin tp mu sc cho cc huyn => Chn Apply.
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2. Trnh by mu sc v kiu ng cho cc ng giao thng - Kch p chut tri vo theme Quoclo.shp - Trong thanh cun Leged Type ca hp hi thoi khi ko xung => Chn Unique value - Trong hp Values Field chn trng Loaiduong.
- Kch p chut tri vo tng ng tng ng trong hp bin tp kiu ng, mu sc v lc nt ca ng => Chn Apply
3. Trnh mu sc v kiu k hiu cho cc im a danh ca tnh Bc Giang - Kch p chut tri vo Bacgiang_diadanh.shp - Trong thanh cun Leged Type ca hp hi thoi khi ko xung => Chn Unique value - Trong hp Values Field chn trng Diadanh.
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- Kch p chut tri vo tng im tng ng trong hp bin tp kiu k hiu, mu sc v kch thc ca k hiu => Chn Apply
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Phn 2:
Lm vic vi d liu dng bng
2.1. Cc bi tp v truy vn v phn tch bng thuc tnh

Bi tp 2.1.1. To mt bng d liu mi v nhp thuc tnh cho Bng
1. Khi ng ArcView -> To mi (hoc Open ) mt Project 2. Trong ca s Project chn Table -> Chn New 3. Trong hp thoi File Name -> nhp tn bng biu Directories -> chn ng dn lu tr file va to 4. chn OK kt thc
5. Vo menu Table trong ca s Attribute, chn Start Editing kch hot ch chnh sa d liu thuc tnh trong bng. To mi cc trng d liu : 6. Vo menu Edit trong ca s Attribute, chn Add Field
Ti Name -> nhp tn trng ( cho php tn c di ti a : 9 k t) Type -> nhp kiu trng (c 4 kiu : Number -> kiu s, String ->
kiu k t, Boolean -> kiu logic, Date -> kiu ngy thng)
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Width -> rng ca trng Decimal Places -> s ch s sau du phy (vi Type l : Number), lu rng : ln ca trng Decimal Places lun lun phi nh hn ln ca trng Width t nht 2 gi tr. Thc hnh to bng biu CactinhVn.dbf c cc trng sau :
Name
ID
Type Number Number Strring Strring Number Number
Width 3 4 25 10 10 10
Decimal Places 0 0 4 0
MaTinh Tentinh Loai Dientich Danso
To mi cc bn ghi Record d liu : 7. Vo menu Edit trong ca s Attribute, chn Add Record 8. Nhp d liu Field, Record theo s liu sau :
ID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Maso 101 103 104 105 106 107 109 111 113 115 117 201 203 205 207 209 211 213 215 217 Tentinh H Ni TP. Hi Phng Vnh Phc H Ty Bc Ninh Hi Dng Hng Yn H Nam Nam nh Thi Bnh Ninh Bnh H Giang Cao Bng Lo Cai Bc Cn Lng Sn Tuyn Quang Yn Bi Thi Nguyn Ph Th Loai Thnh ph Thnh ph Tnh Tnh Tnh Tnh Tnh Tnh Tnh Tnh Tnh Tnh Tnh Tnh Tnh Tnh Tnh Tnh Tnh Tnh Dientich 921.0260 1519.3000 1371.4000 2191.7000 803.8000 1654.1000 923.0920 849.5000 1637.5400 1542.2000 1382.2000 7884.3700 6691.0800 8057.1000 4857.2000 8305.2000 5868.2000 6882.9200 3541.3000 3518.5800 Danso 2675166 1672425 1092040 2378438 942106 1650624 1069158 793103 1890240 1786382 884155 602525 490335 594364 275165 676174 676174 679068 1045906 1261559
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Xo Field 9. Chn 1 field d liu cn xo. 10. Vo menu Edit trong ca s Attribute, chn Delete Field 11. Xut hin hp thoi yu cu khng nh : c mun xo hay khng ?
Xo cc Record 12. Chn 1 hoc nhiu record d liu cn xo. 13. Vo menu Edit trong ca s Attribute, chn Delete Records 14. Sau khi to v nhp d liu cho bng biu xong -> Vo menu Table trong ca s Attribute, chn Stop Editing kt thc ch chnh sa d liu thuc tnh trong bng. 15. Xut hin hp thoi yu cu khng nh : c mun lu li nhng thay i trong bng thuc tnh hay khng ?
Bi tp 2.1.2. Sp xp thuc tnh
Sp xp cc bn ghi theo mt th t nht nh: 1. Vo menu Field 2. Chn trng cha thuc tnh cn sp xp 3. Chn Sort Ascending nu mun xp theo th t tng dn. 4. Hoc chn Sort Descending nu mun xp theo th t gim dn. Thng k c s d liu trong trng : 5. Vo menu Field 6. Chn Statistics, xut hin hp thoi : Sum ( tng i s), Count (s record), Mean (gi tr trung bnh), Maximum (gi tr ln nht), Miximum (gi tr nh nht), Range (khong chnh lch ln nht), 7. Standard Deviation ( lch chun )
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Bi tp 2.1.3. Tnh ton
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Cc php ton n gin : Cng, tr, nhn, chia 1. Chn field Matdo 2. Vo menu Field trong ca s Attribute, chn Calculate
Ca s ghi cc cng thc tnh ton 3. Trong ca s ghi cc cng thc tnh ton, thc hnh tnh mt dn s theo cng thc : Matdo = Danso chia Dientich. 4. Trong ca s Requests cho php la chn cc cng thc tnh ton VD : php nhn (*), php cng (+), php tr (-), php chia (/). Mt s php ton phc tp : php ton khng c sn trong Requests . Tnh t ng chiu di v din tch ca cc i tng khng gian. thc hnh bi tp ny, yu cu phi c: - mt theme cha d liu dng ng hoc dng vng - Ca s View c t n v o khong cch Tnh chiu di cc i tng dng ng :
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1. Trong ca s View, Add Theme Songsuoi-1N.shp Attribute Table.
trong C:\BaitapAV\
2. Chn lp thng tin Songsuoi-1N.shp ch active v nhp chut vo tool m bng thuc tnh. 3. Vo menu Table trong ca s Attribute, chn Start Editing kch hot ch chnh sa d liu thuc tnh trong bng. 4. To mi mt field c : Name -> Chieudai, Type -> Number, > 10, Decimal Places -> 3 s. 5. Chn field Chieudai 6. Vo menu Field trong ca s Attribute, chn Calculate 7. Trong ca s ghi cc cng thc tnh ton, thc hnh tnh chiu di cc on sng sui bng lnh : [Shape].returnlength Width -
Tnh din tch cc i tng dng vng : 1. Trong ca s View, Add Theme Hanhchinh-xa.shp trong C:\BaitapAV\ Attribute Table. 2. Chn lp thng tin Hanhchinh-xa.shp ch active v nhp chut vo tool m bng thuc tnh.
3. Vo menu Table trong ca s Attribute, chn Start Editing kch hot ch chnh sa d liu thuc tnh trong bng.
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4. To mi mt field c : Name -> Dientich, Type -> Number, > 10, Decimal Places -> 4 s. 5. Chn field Dientich 6. Vo menu Field trong ca s Attribute, chn Calculate
Width -
7. Trong ca s ghi cc cng thc tnh ton, thc hnh tnh chiu di cc on sng sui bng lnh : [Shape].returnarea
Bi tp 2.1.4. Tng kt
Thc hin cc php tnh thng k i vi bng thuc tnh da vo cc gi tr thuc tnh ca trng c chn. 1. Vo menu Field 2. Chn Summarize, xut hin hp thoi
3. Trong hp thoi Save As -> nhp tn file u ra *.dbf 4. Trong hp thoi Field -> chn tn trng cn tm tt 5. Trong hp thoi Summarize by -> Chn cch tm tt. 6. Chn Add khng nh cch tm tt ny 7. OK Thc hnh vi cc phng thc khc nhau cho file Hanhchinh-xa.shp trong C:\BaitapAV\ Attribute Table. Vd : chn Field -> Danso1999 Summarize by -> Sum
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Bi tp 2.1.5. Tm kim v Truy vn d liu
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1. M 1 file dng bng biu ( hoc bng thuc tnh) VD : Hanhchinh-xa.shp trong C:\BaitapAV\ Attribute Table. 2. Trong ca s Attribute, chn 1 field bt k Vd: field Dientich
Truy vn theo d liu bn ghi : 3. Chn menu Table -> chn Query hoc vo biu tng
Ca s ghi cc lnh tm kim 4. Ti Fields -> Chn trng lm c s tm kim -> bng cch nhp p chut tri vo Field cn chn - Chn cng thc tm kim (ti v tr khoanh trn hnh v ) - Chn gi tr ti : Values -> bng cch nhp p chut tri vo Value cn chn hoc vit trc tip trn ca s lnh. Thc hnh : Tm a danh c tn P.Ng Quyn, ch ca s lnh ( [Diadanh] = "P.Ng Quyn" ) Tm tt c cc vng c Din tch nh hn 1.232 , ch ca s lnh : ( [Dientich] < 1.232 ) Tm kim d liu (ch p dng vi i tng c trng Text ) 5. Chn menu Table -> chn Find hoc vo biu tng 6. Ti (hnh v) -> Nhp a danh hoc 1 on Text cn tm kim VD : tm a danh c tn P. Ng Quyn, trong file Hanhchinh-xa.shp
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7. Chn OK, hoc n Enter. Thc hnh : Tm a danh c tn Lc Ngn, P. L Li . 2.2. Cc bi tp thc hnh cc chc nng gn, lin kt cc bng thuc tnh Yu cu : thc hin lin kt d liu, yu cu trong bng thuc tnh : - Vi Hot Link : phi c mt trng lu tr ng dn file lin kt. - Vi Link, Join : trong 2 bng d liu dng lin kt phi c mt trng ging nhau v tn trng, cc gi tr trong trng (record)
Bi tp 2.2.1. Gn, nhp 2 bng thuc tnh thnh 1 (Join tables)
Thc hnh trn c s 2 bng d liu : - Bng d liu : Hientrang-Bg.dbf C:\BaitapAV\ Attribute Table - Bng d liu : Hanhchinh-xa.dbf C:\BaitapAV\ Attribute Table 1. M ng thi c 2 bng d liu
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Cc bn lu rng, c 2 bng d liu u phi c 1 trng d liu chung, y l trng : Maso 2. Join d liu VD : Gn kt d liu trong file Hientrang-bg.dbf (file ngun) v file Hanhchinh-xa.dbf (file ch) - Chn ct Maso trong file : Hientrang-Bg.dbf - Chn ct Maso trong file : Hanhchinh-xa.dbf - Khi trn thanh cng c ca s Table, nt cng c php thc hin Join gn kt. 3. Trong ca s Table, chn menu Table -> chn Join hoc chn biu tng gn kt d liu. s bt sng, cho
4. Khi trong bng d liu ca file Hanhchinh-xa.dbf , ngoi cc field c sn (Maso, Diadanh, Loai, Thuochuyen, Dientich, Danso) s xut hin thm cc field ca file Hientrang-Bg.dbf (Cayhangnam, Trongthuysan, RungTn, .). Ch , cc trng mi ny ch mang tnh cht hin th, khng lu tr trong c s d liu ca file Hanhchinh-xa.dbf . 5. lu tr d liu mi ny vo c s d liu ca file Hanhchinh-xa.dbf , chng ta phi to mi cc field c kiu tng ng, sau sao chp li. Thc hnh : - Khi ng ch chnh sa bng Start Editing - To mi cc trng sau :
Name
Dat rung
Type Number Number Number Number
Width 8 8 8 8
Decimal Places 2 2 2 2
Thuy san Dat Xd Dat Gt
- Tnh ton Calculate.t s liu ca cc trng Join.
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Dat rung = Cayhangnam Thuysan = Trongthuys Dat Xd Dat Gt = Xaydung = Giaothong
- Kt thc ch chnh sa bng Stop Editing, lu d liu. 6. Trong ca s Table, chn menu Table -> chn Remove All Joins xo b d liu gn kt Join.
Bi tp 2.2.2. Lin kt cc bng thuc tnh (Link tables)
im khc nhau c bn gia Join v Link l : - Join cho php gn v tnh ton ly gi tr trc tip trn bng s liu - Link khng cho php tnh ton ly gi tr trc tip trn bng s liu, ch mang tnh cht lin kt cc bn ghi, ngha l khi ta chn 1 bn ghi th ng thi bn ghi Link ca bng kia cng s c chn. M ng thi c 2 bng bi tp 2.2.1 1. Trong ca s Table, chn menu Table -> chn Link lin kt d liu. 2. Khi trong cc bng d liu ca file Hanhchinh-xa.dbf v file Hientrang-Bg.dbf , v c bn khng thay i, ch khc l : khi ta chn 1 bn ghi trong file Hanhchinh-xa.dbf th ng thi trn file HientrangBg.dbf cng s chn bn ghi tng (nu c Link).
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3. Trong ca s Table, chn menu Table -> chn Remove All Links xo b ch lin kt Link.
Bi tp 2.2.3. Kt ni nhanh (Hot Links)
Hot links l mt dng kt ni nhanh cho php lin kt vi mt s dng d liu khc t bng. Hot Links c th c s dng truy cp n cc file c nh dng nh : Text File (*.txt), Image File (*.bmp, ), Video (*.avi). Trong phn bi tp ny, chng ti s gip cc bn lm quen vi cch dng Hot Link lin kt cc file dng nh Images, c th l cc file nh *.tif i vi Image file, Arcview cho php Hot links vi cc nh dng sau: X-Bitmap (generated by bitmap utility on X Windows) Microsoft DIB (Device-Independent Bitmap) GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) TIFF (Tag Image File Format) TIFF/LZW compressed image data .
1. Khi ng ArcView -> To mi (hoc Open ) mt Project 2. To mi (hoc Open ) mt View. 3. Nhp 1 Theme vo View VD : Hanhchinh-h.shp Attribute Table. 4. thc hin c chc nng Hot Links, cc bn phi to dng 1 field d liu trong bng thuc tnh ca file , Field ny dng u lu tr ng dn Links file. VD : Trong bng thuc tnh ca file Hanhchinh-h.shp cc bn nhp d liu cho 1 field c tn : Lienket , c kiu String, c Width l 45. trong C:\BaitapAV\
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Thuochuyen Hip Ho Lng Giang Lc Nam Lc Ngn Sn ng TX. Bc Giang Tn Yn Vit Yn Yn Dng Yn Th
Lienket
C:\BaitapAV\ Attribute Table \Anh1.tif C:\BaitapAV\ Attribute Table \Anh2.tif C:\BaitapAV\ Attribute Table \Anh3.tif C:\BaitapAV\ Attribute Table \Anh4.tif C:\BaitapAV\ Attribute Table \Anh1.tif C:\BaitapAV\ Attribute Table \Anh2.tif C:\BaitapAV\ Attribute Table \Anh3.tif C:\BaitapAV\ Attribute Table \Anh4.tif C:\BaitapAV\ Attribute Table \Anh1.tif C:\BaitapAV\ Attribute Table \Anh2.tif
5. Trong ca s View, chn active lp thng tin cn Hot Links, y l: Hanhchinh-h.shp 6. Chn menu Theme -> chn Properties hoc chn biu tng -> Xut hin hp thoi Theme Properties
Pha tri ca s chn : Hot Link ( hnh v)
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Ti hp thoi Field : chn trng lin kt VD : Lienket Ti Predefined Action : chn kiu lin kt
Chn Predefined Action l Link to Image File , tng ng trong Script l Link to Image File 7. Bm OK, Khi trn mn hnh View, bn hy chn biu tng thc hin chc nng Hot Link. 8. Thc hnh bm Hot Link ln tng vng huyn ca file Hanhchinh-h.shp ,
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Phn 3:
Chuyn i php chiu - Trnh by v In bn
3.1. Chuyn i php chiu

3.1.1 Gii thiu mt s php chiu bn c s dng trong Arcview
Php chiu bn c s dng chiu b mt elipsoid ln mt mt phng. y l mt php nh x khng hon ho bi v mt mt cu khng bao gi c th tri thnh mt mt phng v vy lun tn ti cc sai s khc nhau. Trong phn mm Arcview thng s dng mt s php chiu sau:
Php chiu hnh tr (Mercator)
Php chiu hnh tr (Mercator) c cc ng kinh v v tuyn l cc ng thng song song. Khong cch gia cc ng kinh tuyn cch u nhau, gia cc ng v tuyn th khong cch cng ln khi tin gn v cc cc. Hn ch: Cc cc khng c th hin trn li chiu Mercator. Li chiu c th to ra tt c cc ng kinh tuyn nhng gii hn cao hn hoc thp hn gn 800 v pha bc v nam. Php chiu Mercator c sai s v din tch ln nn khng ph hp vi bn a l chung ca th gii.
Li chiu hnh tr ng din tch (Peters - Cylindrical equal-area projection)
y l mt php chiu ph bin, phi cnh trn mt ng tip tuyn hnh tr ti xch o
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Li Kinh tuyn v v tuyn l cc ng giao nhau. Cc ng kinh tuyn cch u nhau. Nu chn ng v tuyn chun cng xa vi ng xch o th sai s bin dng chiu di cng ln. Cc ng dng: - Thch hp cho nhng vng gn xch o. - Thch hp cho nhng vng tri di theo pha nam v pha bc dc theo mt ng kinh tuyn no y.
Php chiu hnh tr gi (Robinson - Pseudo cylindrical)
Khong cch gia cc ng kinh tuyn l u nhau v ging vi cc cung ca ellip, lm hng v kinh tuyn trung tm. Kinh tuyn trung tm l mt ng thng c chiu di bng 0.51 ln chiu di ca xch o. Cc ng v tuyn l nhng ng thng c khong cch u nhau gia 380 bc v nam, khong cch gim dn khi nm xa nhng gii hn ny. Ti cc cc l 0.53 ln chiu di xch o. Php chiu c da trn bng to thay v s dng cc cng thc ton hc. Hn ch: khng gi hnh dng v cng khng gi nguyn v din tch. Ch thch hp vi cc bn th gii.
Cc ng dng: - c pht trin s dng trong cc bn tng quan v th gii v cc bn chuyn
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- c s dng bi Rand McNally t nm 1960 v bi hi a l quc gia nm 1988 cho bn tng quan v th gii v cc bn chuyn .
Php chiu hnh nn (Lambert Conformal Conic)
Php chiu hnh nn da trn c s hai v tuyn chun. Khong cch gia cc ng ca v tuyn tng ln khi nm ngoi cc v tuyn chun. y l mt php chiu hnh nn thng dng biu din cc cc nh mt im n. Gn cc v tuyn chun s bin dng v din tch rt nh. T l din tch gim i gia cc v tuyn chun v tng ln khi nm bn ngoi cc v tuyn chun. Hn ch: ch thch hp vi cc vng thuc phm vi pha ng- ty v v tr cc v tuyn gia bc v nam. Tng v khng nn vt qua 350 Cc ng dng: - y l li chiu c s dng nhiu trong cc bn USGS sau nm 1957. N thay th cho li chiu Polyconic. - Phn lc a ca nc M: cc v tuyn chun l 33 v 45 bc - Ton b nc M: cc v tuyn chun l 37 v 65 bc
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3.1.2. Bi tp chuyn i cc php chiu
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Bi tp 3.1.2.1 Chn php chiu Mercator cho bn Th gii
1. Khi ng Arcview v m mi mt Project v mt Vew 2. M file world94.shp v deg30.shp trong th mc c:\baitapAV\Projection 3. La chn li chiu - Trn thanh menu chnh ca ca s phn mm Arcview chn View =>properties, xut hin hp thoi View properties - Chn Projection =>Xut hin hp thoi Projection properties
- nh du vo Standard
- Trong
hp
Category
chn:
Projections of the world - Trong hp Type chn: Mecator - Nhn OK
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Bi tp 3.1.2.2 i php chiu t Mecator sang php chiu Robinson
1. Gi nguyn ca s mn hnh kt qu ca Bi tp 3.1.2.1 2. Trn thanh menu chnh chn View => properties, xut hin hp thoi View properties chn Projection nh du vo Standard trong hp thoi projection properties Trong hp Category chn:
Projection of the world Trong hp Type chn: Robinson Phn pha di s lit k cc tham s c ca php chiu chn Bm OK
Bn th gii s dng php chiu Robinson
Bi tp 3.1.2.3 i php chiu t Robinson sang php chiu Peters
1. Gi nguyn ca s mn hnh kt qu ca Bi tp 3.1.2.2
nh du vo Standard trong hp projection properties Trong hp Category chn: Projection of the world Trong hp Type chn: Peters
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Phn pha di s lit k cc tham s c ca php chiu chn
Bm OK
Bn th gii s dng php chiu Peters

Bi tp 3.1.2.4 i php chiu t Peter sang php chiu Lambert
1. Gi nguyn ca s mn hnh kt qu ca Bi tp 3.1.2.3 2. nh du vo Custom trong hp thoi
Projection properties - Trong hp Projection chn:
Lambert Conformal Conic - Trong hp Spheroid chn: WGS 84 - Phn pha di s lit k cc tham s cn nhp cho php chiu chn - Bm OK
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Bn th gii s dng php chiu Lambert Conformal Conic 3.2. Trnh by in bn hnh chnh
Bi tp 3.2.1 Chun b d liu
D liu u vo bao gm cc file d liu nm trong ng dn c:\baitapAV\maplayout nh sau:

STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ni dung th hin im dn c th x im dn c th trn im a danh Khung bn ng a gii tnh ng a gii huyn ng st ng quc l ng tnh l ng huyn l Sng, sui 1 nt Vin sng 2 nt, h Nn sng 2 nt Vng a gii huyn Vin bo a gii tnh Tn file thixa-point.shp thitran-point.shp diadanh.shp khung.shp diagioi-tinh.shp bacgiang-xa-line.shp dsat.shp quoclo.shp tinhlo.shp bacgiang-hl.shp bacgiang250-1n.shp bacgiang250-2nvien.shp bacgiang250-2n.shp bacgiang-h.shp bacgiang-buff.shp Loi i tng
im
ng
Vng
Yu cu sn phm l mt bn hnh chnh tnh Bc Giang bin tp vi ni dung th hin n cp huyn c in ra kh giy A3.
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Bi tp 3.2.2 Chun b nn c s ton hc cho trang trnh by (view) bin tp
1. To mt ca s hin th (view) 2. M ton b file (*.shp) d liu trong th mc d:\bacgiang\map_layout 3. Chn n v o cho bn Trn thanh menu chnh ca phn mm Arcview chn View => properties xut hin hp thoi View properties Trong hp Map Units chn: meters Trong hp Distance Units chn: meters Bm Ok hin th Dng chut nhn vo theme cn di chuyn theme xut hin dng theme active, sau dng chut ko theme n v tr cn . Sp xp th t cc theme theo i tng: im, ng v vng theo bng 3.2.1
Bi tp 3.2.3 Bin tp cc i tng dng im
4. Sp xp th t cc file trn mn hnh
1. Bin tp k hiu cho i tng im dn c th x Dng chut nh du hin th v chn theme thixa-point.shp Trn mn hnh xut hin v tr ca im dn c th x Bc Giang Bm p chut vo theme thixa-point.shp Xut hin hp thoi Legend Editor
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Trong hp thoi Legend type chn : Single Symbol Nhp p chut vo biu tng ca Symbol Xut hin hp thoi Marker Palette Bm chut vo biu tng La chn kiu k hiu t kch thc cho k hiu trong hp Size t gc quay cho k hiu trong hp Angle Bm chut vo biu tng Hp thoi i thnh Color Palette Trong hp thoi Color chn: Foreground Chn mu cho k hiu
Bm chut vo du x gc trn bn phi ca hp thoi Color Palette ng hp thoi
Chn Apply trn hp thoi Legend Editor Bm chut vo du x gc trn bn phi ca s Legend Editor ng li
2. Bin tp k hiu cho i tng im dn c th trn Bin tp tng t nh im dn c th x i li kiu k hiu cho im dn c th trn t li kch thc cho im dn c th trn l 7.0
3. Bin tp k hiu cho cc im a danh Dng chut nh du hin th v chn theme diadanh.shp Trn mn hnh xut hin v tr cc im a danh ca tnh Bc Giang Nhn p chut vo theme diadanh.shp Xut hin hp thoi Legend Editor
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Trong hp Legend type chn: Unique Value Trong hp Values Field chn: loai Nhn chut p chut vo tng loi k hiu cn i Chn kiu k hiu, t kch thc v chn mu cho k hiu tng t bin tp k hiu cho im dn c th x
Bm phm Apply
Bi tp 3.2.4 Bin tp cc i tng dng ng
1. Bin tp i tng ng st Dng chut nh du hin th v chn theme dsat.shp Trn mn hnh xut hin v tr cc tuyn ng st i qua tnh Bc Giang Nhn p chut vo theme dsat.shp Xut hin hp thoi Legend Editor Trong hp Legend type chn: Single Symbol Nhn p vo biu tng ng xut hin hp thoi Pen Palette La chn kiu ng t kch thc cho kiu ng trong hp Size Chn mu cho kiu ng trong Color Palette nh ghi ch cho ch thch kiu ng Bm Apply trong hp thoi Legend editor ng cc s pen Palette v Legend editor li
2. Bin tp tng t cho cc i tng ng quc l quoclo.shp; ng a gii tnh diagioi-tinh.shp; a gii huyn bacgiang-xa-line.shp; sng
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sui 1 nt bacgiang250-1n.shp; vin sng 2 nt v h bacgiang2502nvien.shp v khung bn khung.shp 3. Bin tp cc i tng ng huyn l Dng chut nh du hin th v chn theme bacgiang-hl.shp - Trn mn hnh xut hin v tr cc tuyn ng st i qua tnh Bc Giang - Nhn p chut vo theme bacgiang-hl.shp - Xut hin hp thoi Legend Editor - Trong hp Legend type chn: Unique Value - Trong hp Value Field chn: Loaiduong - Nhn p chut vo tng symbol thay i kiu ng cho tng loi ng - Chn kiu ng, mu ng v kch thc ng nh phn bin tp cho i tng ng st 4. Lm tng t nh trn bin tp i tng ng tnh l
Bi tp 3.2.5 Bin tp cc i tng dng vng
1. Bin tp i tng vng a gii huyn tnh Bc Giang Dng chut nh du hin th v chn theme bacgiang-h.shp Trn mn hnh xut hin vng hnh chnh cc huyn trong tnh Bc Giang Nhn p chut vo theme bacgiang-h.shp xut hin hp thoi Legend Editor Trong hp Legend type chn: Unique Value Trong hp Value Field chn: Thuochuyen Nhn p chut vo tng symbol thay i mu vng cho tng huyn
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Xut hin hp thoi Fill Palette La chn kiu vng Nhn sang biu tng thnh Color Palette Trong hp color chn: Foreground ri chn mu cho nn vng v chn outline chn mu cho vin vng hp thoi chuyn
Bm Apply trn hp thoi Legend Editor ng ton b hp thoi kt thc
2. Bin tp tng t vi i tng vng l nn sng 2 nt, h bacgiang2502n.shp; vin a gii tnh bacgiang-buff.shp
Bi tp 3.2.6 Bin tp cc ch ghi ch
1. Gn nhn t ng (Auto-label) tn huyn Chn theme cn gn nhn bacgiangh.shp Trn thanh menu chnh ca Arcview chn theme => Auto label xut hin hp thoi Auto label: bacgiang-h.shp Trong hp Label field chn: Thuochuyen nh du vo cc ch : Find Best Label Placement, Remove Duplicates v Scale Labels Bm OK Mn hnh xut hin tn ghi ch cho cc huyn Dng chut chn mt ch ghi ch Trn thanh menu chnh ca Arcview chn menu Window => Show symbol window xut hin hp thoi Font Palette Chn kiu cho ch ghi ch: VnTimeH t kch thc cho ch ghi ch size: 14
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Chn kiu cho ch ghi ch trong hp Style: Bold Chn biu tng hi thoi chuyn thnh Color Palette
Trong hp Color chn: text Chn mu cho ch ghi ch: en m Kim tra cc ch ghi ch v di chuyn sao cho v tr t cc ch ghi ch hp l nht
2. Gn nhn t ng tng t i vi tn im dn c th x, th trn, tn cc im a danh, tn ng quc l v tn sng 2 nt, h 3. Vit mi tn cc tnh ln cn Trn thanh cng c ca Arcview chn cng c Text t con tr vo v tr cn vit ch ghi ch Xut hin hp thoi Text Properties (nh hnh trn) nh ni dung tn cc tnh ln cn cn ghi ch vo phn vit Nhn OK Ri chn kiu ch VnTimeH, kch thc 16, kiu Bold v mu en m
3.3. To trang in (layout) v bin tp trn trang in Trang in l trang dng trnh by ni dung bn s in ra bn trn giy. C cc loi trang in sau: trang in trnh by theo chiu ngang (Landscape), trang in trnh by theo chiu dc (Portrait). Tu theo hnh dng ca vng thnh lp bn m bn c th chn trang in trnh by.
Bi tp 3.3.1. Cch to trang in v la chn kh giy
1. Cch to mt trang in (layout) Trn thanh menu chnh ca phn mm Arcview chn menu view => layout Xut hin hi thoi Template Manager Chn chiu t kh giy: Landscape Bm OK
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Xut hin ca s Layout
2. Chn kh giy Trn thanh menu chnh chn Layout => Page setup xut hin hi thoi Page setup Trong hp thoi Page Size chn kh giy: A3 t khong cch pha trn, di, tri v phi trong hp Top, Bottom, Left v Right t cht lng in trong hp Output Resolution: High Nhn OK Nhn vo cng c Zoom to page trang in trn mn hnh
Bi tp 3.3.2. Bin tp bn in
trn thanh cng c view ton b
1. t t l cho bn cn in Nhn p chut vo phn bn cn in Xut hin hi thoi View Frame Properties Trong hp Scale chn: User Specified Scale Nhp t l cn in vo hp text bn di Bm OK Sau dng chut nhn chn bn cn in ri t con tr v v tr cc gc i tng sao cho con tr hnh mi tn. Dng con tr cn chnh v tr bn v gia trang in. 2. To khung ngoi cho bn in Chn bn Nhn chut vo cng c Neatline Xut hin hi thoi Neatline Settings nh du vo Place around the selected graphics Trong hp Width (pts) chn: 1.5
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t khong cch gia khung v bn vo hp Top, Bottom, Left v Right Nhn OK
Bi tp 3.3.3. Bin tp tn bn
Trn thanh cng c ca Arcview chn cng c sau t con tr vo v tr cn nh tn bn . Xut hin hp thoi Text Properties
nh tn bn ri nhn Ok Chn tn bn sau trn thanh menu chnh chn window => show symbol window. Chn kiu ch, kch thc ch v mu sc cho tn bn Lm tng t nh vy i vi ch ghi ch l t l bn , tn ch gii bn
Bi tp 3.3.4. Bin tp thc t l
Khi mi to trang in bao gi phn mm cng t to cho bn mt thc t l. Nu bn chp nhn c thc t l th bn la chn v tr t thc, nu khng bn xo b v to mi mt thc t l theo ca bn. Cch to nh sau : Trn thanh cng c ca Arcview chn cng c view frame xung chn n cng c Scale Bar frame t con tr vo v tr cn t thc t l, xut hin mt hp thoi Scale Bar Properties La chn kiu thc trong hp Style t khong cch cho t thc th nht v cc t thc cn li trong hp Interval v intervals t khong phn chia v pha bn tri
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Bm Ok
Bi tp 3.3.5. Bin tp k hiu ch hng
Khi mi to trang in bao gi phn mm cng t to cho bn mt k hiu ch hng. Nu bn chp nhn c k hiu ch hng th bn la chn v tr t k hiu ch hng, nu khng bn xo b v to mi mt k hiu ch hng theo ca bn. Cch to nh sau : Trn thanh cng c ca Arcview chn cng c view frame xung chn n cng c North Arrow t con tr vo v tr cn t k hiu hng, xut hin hi thoi North Arrow Manager. La chn kiu th hin hng t gc quay cho k hiu trong hp Rotation Angle Nhn Ok ko di
Bi tp 3.3.6. Bin tp bng ch gii
Khi mi to trang in bao gi phn mm cng t to cho bn mt bng ch thch. Nu bn chp nhn c bng ch thch th bn la chn v tr t bng ch thch, nu khng bn xo b v to mi mt bng ch thch theo ca bn. Cch to nh sau: Trn thanh cng c ca Arcview chn cng c view frame xung chn n cng c Legend frame t con tr vo v tr cn t bng ch thch, xut hin hi thoi Legend Frame Properties t ch hin th cho bng ch thch trong hp Display Chn cht lng hin th cho bng ch thch trong hp Quality
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Bm Ok Bng ch thch lc ny th hin l mt khi khng thay i ni dung ca i tng. Mun thay i ni dung ca cc i tng trong bng ch thch bn lm nh sau:
La chn bng ch thch Trn thanh menu chnh chn Graphics => Simplify La chn i tng cn chnh sa chnh sa. Nu l cc k hiu bn nhp i chut vo biu tng chn li kiu, kch thc v mu sc cho k hiu. Nu l ch ghi ch bn nhp i chut vo ch ghi ch sa li ni dung ca ch v la chn ch ri vo window => show symbol window trn thanh menu chnh chn li kiu, kch thc v mu sc ca ch.
Sau khi chnh sa xong cc i tng trong bng ch thch, bn dng chut la chn ton b cc i tng ri vo window => Group nhm tt c cc i tng thnh mt nhm.
Bi tp 3.3.7. Bin tp bng biu v th
1. Cch to mi mt bng biu hin th trn trang in nh sau:
Trn thanh cng c ca Arcview chn view frame n cng c Table frame t con tr vo v tr bng biu, xut hin hi thoi Table frame properties Chn ch hin th bng biu trong hp Display Chn cht lng hin th cho bng biu trong hp Quality
ko di xung chn
2. Cch to mi mt th hin th trn trang in nh sau:
Trn thanh cng c ca Arcview chn view frame n cng c Chart frame
ko di xung chn
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t con tr vo v tr bng biu, xut hin hi thoi Chart frame properties Chn ch hin th biu trong hp Display Chn cht lng hin th cho biu trong hp Quality
Bi tp 3.3.8. In bn
Sau khi bin tp hon chnh bn , tin hnh in bn . Trn thanh menu chn file => Print xut hin hi thoi Print Chn Setup xut hin hp hi thoi Print Setup La chn my in trong hp Name t kh giy in trong hp Size nh du vo Landscape Bm OK
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Phn 4:
Xy dng c s d liu GIS
4.1. S ho bn qut bng Mapping Office Mc ch ca bi hc ny l gip cc bn Chuyn d liu t trn bn giy, bn diamat, .. thnh cc file d liu vect bng h thng phn mm MicroStation v Mapping Office.
Bi tp 4.1.1. Khi ng v lm quen vi giao din ca MicroStation v Mapping Office.
1. T Windows Start Programs MicroStation MicroStation xut hin hp hi thoi MicroStation Manager:
2. M thm cc phn mm Mapping Office bng cch: chn geovec ti hp Workspace. 3. Chn a v th mc cha file Design s m bng cch nhp i vo a v th mc trong ca s Directories (VD: C:\Mic_data\bd_dchinh\dgn). 4. Chn tn file cn m ti ca s Files (VD: 24.dgn). 5. Bm OK. 6. Xut hin hp Select Active Feature Table:
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7. Chn bng phn lp i tng bng cch cch nhp i vo a v th mc trong ca s Directories (VD: C:\Mic_data\bd_dchinh\resource). 8. Chn tn file cn m ti ca s Files (VD: diachinh.tbl). 9. Bm OK. Lm quen vi thanh cng c Iu khin mn hnh: Cc cng c s dng phng to, thu nh hoc dch chuyn mn hnh c b tr gc di bn tri ca mi mt ca s (Window). Ngoi ra cn c th m thanh cng c iu khin mn hnh bng cch: chn Menu Tools ca MicroStation chn View Control.
1. Update: v li ni dung ca ca s mn hnh . 2. Zoom in: phng to ni dung. 3. Zoom out: thu nh ni dung. 4. Window area: phng to ni dung trong mt vng. 5. Fit view: thu ton b ni dung ca bn v vo trong mn hnh. 6. Pan: dch chuyn ni dung theo mt hng nht nh. 7. View previous: quay li ch mn hnh lc trc.
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8. View next: quay li ch mn hnh lc trc khi s dng lnh View previous. Lm quen vi thanh cng c bt Im Snaps: tng chnh xc cho qu trnh s ho trong nhng trng hp mun t im Data vo ng v tr cn chn, phm Tentative (hoc bm ng thi 2 phm Data v Reset) s c dng a con tr vo ng v tr trc. Thao tc c gi l bt im (Snap to Element). Cc ch chn la cho thao tc bt im gm: Nearest: con tr s bt vo v tr gn nht trn i tng . Keypoint: con tr s bt vo im nt gn nht trn i tng. Midpoint: con tr s bt vo im gia ca element Center: con tr s bt vo tm im ca i tng. Origin: con tr s bt vo im gc ca cell. Intersection: con tr s bt vo im ct nhau gia hai ng giao nhau.
Bi tp 4.1.2. To li Km
Li Km c to da vo ta ca cc gc khung v khong cch gia cc mt li vung c trn mnh bn . Li Km c s dng lm c s cho vic chn cc im khng ch khi nn bn . to c li Km cn lm ln lt cc bc sau: - Nhp to ca cc im. - Ni 4 im gc khung to thnh 4 cnh ca khung. - Copy cc cnh ca khung to thnh cc ng li Km trong khung.
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Nhp to ca 4 im gc khung: 1. Chn thuc tnh ho cho cc im: T thanh cng c Primary Tools:
- Bm vo nt Color xut hin bng mu chn mu. - Bm vo nt Level xut hin bng 63 level chn level. - Bm vo nt Line Style xut hin 7 kiu ng chun, chn kiu ng s 0. - Bm vo nt Weight xut hin bng lc mt chn lc nt. 2. Chn cng c nhp im Place Active Point t thanh cng c Main ca MicroStation:
3. T ca s lnh ca MicroStation nh lnh XY=x1,y1 sau bm phm ENTER trn bn phm. VD: xy=542500,313500 xy=543000,313500 xy=543000,313000 xy=542500,313000
Ni 4 im gc khung to thnh 4 cnh khung: 1. t thuc tnh ho cho ng.

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2. Chn cng c v ng Place Line:
3. Chn mode Snap l Keypoint. 4. Snap vo 1 im gc khung. 5. Bm phm Data chp nhn. 6. Snap vo im gc khung tip theo. 7. Bm phm Data chp nhn. Copy cc cnh gc khung to thnh cc ng li Km:
1. Chn cng c Copy parallel:
2. nh du vo 2 Make Copy v Distance trong hp cng c Move
Parallel.
3. t khong cch gia cc ng copy trong hp text Distance. (V d:
100).
4. Bm phm Data nh du mt cnh cn copy ca khung. 5. Bm phm Data bt u lnh copy. 6. Bm phm Reset kt thc lnh.
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Bi tp 4.1.3. Nn Bn
M file nh (file raster) cn nn: 1. T thanh Menu ca IRASB chn File chn Open:
xut hin hp hi thoi IRASB LOAD:
2. T hp Text File, nh tn v ng dn ch th mc cha file. (Nu) khng nh ng dn n file bm nt List Directories. hp hi thoi IRASB LOAD cho php chn ng dn: xut hin
3. Chn th mc cha file bng cch nhp i vo cc hp th mc bn hp danh sch cc th mc Directories (VD: C:\Mic_data\bd_dchinh\raster). 4. Chn tn file bng cch nhp chut vo tn file bn hp danh sch cc file (VD: 24.tif).
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5. Bm Ok quay tr li hp hi thoi IRASB LOAD. 6. Chn kiu m nh l Interactive placement by rectangle bng cch bm vo thanh mode m nh xut hin hai ch m nh chn ch th hai:
7. Bm nt Open xut hin dng nhc Place corner of rectangle trn ca s lnh ca MicroStation:
8. Bm phm Data ti im bt k pha trn bn tri ca li Km. 9. Ko chut v bm phm Data ti im bt k pha di bn phi ca li Km. Nn nh:
1. Chn cng c nn nh Warp:
Warp
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xut hin dng nhc Enter source point #1 trn ca s lnh ca MicroStation:
2. Chn im khng ch th nht trn file Raster xut hin dng nhc Enter destination point #1 trn ca s lnh ca MicroStation:
3. Chn im khng ch th nht tng ng trn li Km (trn file dgn) xut hin dng nhc Enter source MicroStation: point #2 trn ca s lnh ca
4. Tng t nh vy tip tc chn cc im khng ch cn li. 5. Khi chn xong im khng ch cui cng bm phm Reset xut hin bng IRASB WARP.
6. Chn m hnh chuyn i bm phm Transformation model chn m hnh chuyn i: Chn m hnh Affine 7. nh gi sai s:
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Trong qu trnh nn nh ngi s dng buc phi theo di v nh gi sai s chnh xc ca m hnh chuyn i hin thi v cc im sai s i n quyt nh c chn m hnh chuyn i khng. Khi sai s gia im khng ch trn file raster v file dgn vt qu mc ti thiu, thng kh c th gn cc cp im khng ch vo nhau mt cch chnh xc. Cc gi tr sai s c th hin bng n v o chnh Master Unit. + Sai s chun Standard error phi nh hn hoc bng hn sai cho php ca bn x mu s ca t l bn . + Sai s tng bnh phng SSE (Sum Squared Error - l khong cch tht gia cc cp im khng ch). Sai s i vi tng im khng ch ny cng phi nh hn hoc bng hn sai cho php ca bn x mu s ca t l bn . Nu im no c sai s ln hn gi tr cho php nn xo im i v chn li bng cch: chn im cn xo bm nt Delete point trong hp IRASB WARP. 8. Hon thnh lnh nn nh: sau khi chn m hnh nn chuyn v chp nhn sai s cho qu trnh nn. bm nt Perform Warp trong hp IRASB WARP. 9. Sau khi nh c nn cc bn phI ghi lai file nh a nn bng cch: T thanh Menu ca IRASB chn File chn Save chn Save Active Layer.
Bi tp 4.1.4. S ho cc i tng trn nn nh bng cng c ca Micro
M file nh bn nn. 1. T thanh Menu ca IRASB chn File chn Open.
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xut hin hp hi thoi IRASB LOAD. 2. T hp text File, nh tn file v ng dn ch th mc cha file. (Nu) khng nh ng dn n file bm nt List Directories xut hin hp hi thoi IRASB LOAD cho php chn ng dn v tn file nh cn m (VD: C:\Mic_data\bd_dchinh\raster_nan\24-n.tif). 3. Chn mode m nh use raster file header transformation bng cch bm vo thanh mode m nh xut hin hai ch m nh chn ch m nh th nht.
4. Bm nt Open .
t ch t ng iu khin mn hnh. Ch t ng iu khin mn hnh l ch t ng dch chuyn v t ng phng to hoc t ng thu nh tr v ch mn hnh t (ch c tc dng khi s dng cng c v ng t ng ca Geovec).
1. Phng to mn hnh n mc thch hp khi lm vic. 2. T thanh Menu ca MicroStation chn Application chn Geovec chn Preferences chn View xut hin hp hi thoi View Preferences 3. nh du vo ch Auto Zoom bm phm Apply. 4. nh du vo ch Auto Move bm phm Define. 5. Dch con tr ra ngoi mn hnh nh ngha khu vc hot ng (=1/3 din tch ca mn hnh).
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6. (Nu) bt phm Show, trn mn hnh s xut hin mt vung nh du vng hot ng va nh ngha. 7. T Layout chn Save as xut hin hp hi thoi Save As Layout. 8. nh tn (bt k) vo hp text Layout. 9. Bm nt OK.
10. T Layout chn Exit ng hp hi thoi View Prefrences
Vect ho i tng dng ng. 1. Chn thuc tnh cho cc i tng ho bng cch: - Chn cng c FC Select Feature trn thanh MSFC xut hin hp thoi Feature Collection.
- Chn Category cha i tng ng cn s ho t hp Category Name bng cch bm chut vo tn Category cn chn (VD: chn Category Thua dat) xut hin danh sch i tng bn ct Feature Name - Chn i tng s ho trong hp Feature Name (VD: chn feature ng ranh gii tha t) - Bm OK. 2. Chn cng c Place Smartline. 3. t ch v ng trong hp Place SmartLine. Segment Type: chn Lines Vertext Type: chn Sharp.
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nh du vo hp Join Element. 4. Bm phm Data bt u mt ng. 5. Snap vo im tip theo nu cn thit. 6. Bm phm Data v v tr tip theo ca ng. 7. Bm phm Reset kt thc ng. Ch : i vi bn a chnh khng nn t qu nhiu Im trn mt i tng. Ch nn t Im ti nhng v tr gp khc ca ng hoc nhng v tr giao nhau gia cc ng. Vect ho i tng dng im 1. Chn cell bng cch: - T thanh Menu ca MicroStation chn Element chn Cells xut hin hp hi thoi Cell Library.
- T thanh Menu ca Cell Library chn File chn Attach xut hin hp hi thoi Attach Cell Library. - Chn th mc cha cell bng cch nhp i vo cc hp th mc bn hp danh sch cc th mc - Chn tn file hp danh sch cc file. - Bm phm OK, lc ny trong hp Cell Library hin th cc cell trong th vin cell va m
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- Chn cell theo tn cel pha bn tri ca hp hi thoi Cell Library hoc theo hnh dng cell pha bn phi. - Bm vo phm Placement trong hp hi thoi Cell Library. 2. Chn thuc tnh cho cc i tng ho 3. Chn cng c v cell. 4. t thng s v cell trong hp - Place Active Cell. Active Cell : tn cell va chn. Active Angle: gc quay ca cell X Scale : T l theo chiu X Y Scale: t l theo chiu Y. - Chn ch Relative: khi mun t cell theo ng cc thng s t. - Chn ch Interactive: khi t l v hng quay ca cell khng c gi tr nht nh. Cch v cell - a cell n v tr cn t. - Bm phm Data Vect ho i tng dng cha vit 1. Khi ng chng trnh nh ting Vit v d ABC hoc Vnkey. 2. Chn thuc tnh ho cho i tng cn s ho 3. Chn cng c Place text
4. t thng s ca ch vit trong hp Place Text.
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Method: Chn By Origin, kch thc ch v hng ch s c t theo cc thng s xc nh. Height: chiu cao ca ch (kch thc ch khi in x mu s t l bn ). Width: chiu rng ch (kch thc ch khi in x mu s t l bn ). Font: s hiu font v tn font. Justification: im t ch Active Angle: gc quay hng ch. Cc thng s trn c th t trong hp thoi Place text hoc trong hp thoi Text (xut hin khi chn Element > Text). Trong hp thoi Text ta c th quy nh thm ch c gch chn hay khng (Underline) hoc nghing chnh xc ca text(slant). 5. nh ni dung ca ch trong hp text Editor.
Cch t ch - a ch n v tr cn t.
- Bm phm Data
Bi tp 4.1.5. Kim tra, chnh sa d liu, v ng vng t ng
Kim tra li t ng Phn mm MRFClean c s dng - Kim tra li t ng, nhn din v nh du v tr cc im cui t do bng mt k hiu (ch D, X, S). - Ct ng: Tch mt ng ra thnh 2 ng ti im giao.
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- T ng loi cc on tha c di nh hn Dangle_factor nhn vi tolerence. MRFFlag c thit k tng hp vi MRFClean, dng t ng hin th ln mn hnh ln lt cc v tr c li m MRFClean nh du trc v ngi dng s s dng cc cng c trong MicroStation sa. 1. Khi ng v t cc thng s trong MRFclean - M file d liu cn sa li (VD: C:\mic_data\bd_dchinh\dgn\24.dgn). - T ca s lnh ca MicroStation nh lnh MDL L MRFCLEAN sau bm phm ENTER trn bn phm.
Bm phm Parameters trong hp hi thoi MRFClean.
Xut hin hp hi thoi:
- t ch Remove_duplicates: Chn By attribute - t ch s dng cell Use_cel_as: chn Node - t ch lm vic vi level By level: khng nh du
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- t ch i cc i tng c kiu l arc thnh linestring: nh du vo Stroke_arc - t ch to im giao: Chn phm Fuzzy Intersection to cc im cn giao v sa cc li bt im cha ti Chn phm True Intersection to cc im giao gia hai ng ct nhau. Chn phm Del_sub_tol_ele tt c cc ng c di nh hn hoc bng h s sai s ca n s b xo (sa cc li bt qu ng). - Free and flag level M s level cha cc flag nh du nhng li cha x l c: level 63 - Flag font number: S font ch c dng hin th flag (flag thng l mt trong nhng ch ci D, X, S). - t ch i cc i tng c kiu l curve thnh linestring (Curve_factor): t 0.01 - t ch xo im cui t do (Dangle_factor): t 0.0 - t ch lc im tha trn ng (Filter_factor): t 0.0 - Nhp h s x l cho mi level l 0.1. Level no khng cn sa li nguyn gi tr l -0.1. - Sau khi chn ht cc thng s bm chn vo MRFclean. Ch : Trc khi chy Mrfclean cn phI lu file d liu. 2. Khi ng MRFflag - T ca s lnh ca MicroStation nh lnh MDL L MRFFLAG sau bm phm ENTER . - Bm vo phm Flag_type khai bo loi c(D). - Khai bo level cha c trong hp text Flag_level. - nh h s zoom vo hp text zoom_factor.
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- Trong thanh Edit_status s bo s lng c Vd: 4 - Bm cc phm: Next chy n v tr li tip theo. Prev chy n v tr li trc . Zoom_in phng to hnh. Zoom_out thu nh hnh. Delete_flag xo c hin thi. Delete_elm xo i tng hin thi. Delete_all xo tt c cc c trong file. - Khi nt Next m i v Edit_status bo done tc l tt c cc li trong file c sa. Sa li bng cc cng c cua MicroStation
Ch : Dng kt hp vi ch Snap nu c th. 1. Modify element (dch chuyn im): Chn cng c Bm phm Data chn im cn dch chuyn Dch con tr n v tr mi Bm phm Data. 2. Delete part of element (xo mt phn ca ng): Chn cng c Bm phm Data vo im bt u ca on ng cn xo Bm phm Data v ko chut xo on ng cn xo Bm phm Data ti im cui ca on ng cn xo. 3. Extend line (ko di ng theo hng ca on thng cui ca
ng): Chn cng c Bm phm Data vo im cui ca on
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ng cn ko di Bm phm Data v ko chut di on ng Bm phm Data ti v tr mi ca im cui ca ng. 4. Extend 2 elements to intersection (ko di hai ng n im giao
nhau ca hai ng): Chn cng c Bm phm Data chn ng th nht Bm phm Data chn ng th hai. 5. Extend element to intersection (ko di ng n im giao nhau ca
hai ng): Chn cng c Bm phm Data chn ng cn ko di Bm phm Data chn ng cn gp. 6. Trim element (ct mt ng hoc mt chui cc ng ti im giao
ca chng vi mt ng khc): Chn cng c Bm phm Data chn ng lm chun Bm phm Data chn on ng cn ct. (thm im): Chn cng c Bm phm Data chn on
7. Insert vertext
ng cn thm im Bm phm Data n v tr cn chn im. (xo im): Chn cng c Bm phm Data chn im
8. Delete vertext cn xo.
ng vng t ng bng cng c MrfPoly - T ca s lnh ca MicroStation nh lnh MDL L MRFpoly sau bm phm ENTER trn bn phm.
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- Chn Parameters Ti hp Select Linework Levels chn cc lp i tng cn ng vng (VD: level 10) - Bm chn Mrfpolygol.
Bi tp 4.1.6. S ho bn t ng cc i tng trn nn nh bng cng c ca Geovec
Cng c Trace LineString l cng c s ho cc i tng dng ng ca phn mm Geovec. Cng c ny ch nn dng khi: File nh r nt, cc i tng t giao nhau, khng b t qung (Thng thng c dung s ho ng bnh hoc ng vin sng, sui.). 1. Khi ng phn mm MicroStation v Mapping Office. 2. M file design cn s ho (VD: C:\Mic_data\bd_dhinh\dgn\150.dgn). 3. Chn bng phn lp i tng (VD: C:\Mic_data\bd_dhinh\resouce\ ftbdh25.tbl). 4. t ch t ng di chuyn mn hnh. 5. Chn thuc tnh ho cho i tng cn s ho (VD: Category dh; Feature dg binh do co ban).
6. Chn cng c Trace LineString
7. t ch lm vic trong hp cng c Trace LineString
Raster Mode : ch Reverse Video bt khi s ho vi cc black pixel v ngc li. Intersection: hng x l ca lnh Trace LineString khi bt gp cc ng giao nhau. (chn Stop) Vect Snap: ch bt im khi s ho
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(Chn Ignore). Gap: chn ch Conection khi s ho cc ng t qung. Khong cch v gc quay gia cc bc ngt c t trong Set up (khng nh du vo Gap). Smooth &Filter: ch lc im v lm trn ng ngay trong qu trnh s ho (Chn None). 8. Chn ng cn s ho. Con tr s t ng dt ng v s dng li to nhng ch d liu b t qung hoc gp nhng ch giao nhau gia cc ng. Xut hin dng nhc <D> to Enter point / <R> to end this direction trn ca s lnh ca MicroStation.
9. Dich chuyn con tr qua ch ngt hoc ch giao nhau n v tr tip theo ca ng bm phm Data. (Hoc bm phm Reset quay ngc tr li u bn kia ca ng). Xut hin dng nhc <D> to Enter point / <R> to end manual digitizing trn ca s lnh ca MicroStation.
10.
Bm phm Reset kt thc ch v bng tay.
xut hin dng nhc <D> to continue / <R> to end this direction trn ca s lnh ca MicroStation.
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11.
Bm phm Data, con tr s tip tc dt ng. (Hoc bm phm Reset
quay ngc tr li u bn kia ca ng). 12. 13. Tip tc t bc 4-6. Khi v ht mt ng, bm phm Reset cho n khi thy xut hin
dng nhc Identify raster item trn ca s lnh ca MicroStation.
14.
Chn mt ng mi v bt u li t bc 3-8.
4.2. S ho v chnh sa d liu trong ArcView Phn ny hng dn s dng cc cng c s ho ca Arcview s ho v chnh sa d liu. Trong trng hp d liu ho c nhp t cc phn mm khc sang cha c hon thin hoc thiu i tng, cc cng c s ho ca Arcview s c s dng phc v cho mc ch ny.
Bi tp 4.2.1. S ho cc i tng dng im.
2. Khi ng ArcView 3. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 4. M file nh Yenbai.tif trong th mc C:\baitapAV\Digitize lm nn c s cho vic s ho bn . 5. To mi mt Theme bng cch: Trn thanh Menu chn View => chn New Theme. 6. Trong hp thoi New Theme, chn kiu i tng Point.
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7. To mt theme mi c tn : Diemdancu.shp cho i tng dng Point => Chn ng dn lu tr file Vd : C:\baitapAV\Digitize Diemdancu.shp 8. Chn cng c v Point 9. S ho cc im dn c trn bn Nhp thuc tnh cho cc im dn c s ho trn theo bng sau Name Dia danh Dan so Dien tich Matdo Type String Number Number Number Width 30 8 9 9 Decimal Places 0 2 3 3 -> OK
Tnh gi tr cho ct Matdo bng cch Calculate gia 2 ct : Danso chia Dientich.
Diadanh Yn Th Yn Bnh Mu A C Phc M Cang ChI TX. Ngha L Lin Sn Trm Tu TP. Yn Bi Danso 96 200 96 700 106 200 93 500 38 200 18 400 18 400 1 682 73 600 Dientich 807.00 762.25 1335.80 690.35 1199.30 10.90 1223.25 742.30 58.00
Bi tp 4.2.2. S ho cc i tng dng ng.
1. Khi ng ArcView 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. M file nh Yenbai.tif trong th mc C:\baitapAV\Digitize lm nn c s cho vic s ho bn . 4. To mi mt Theme bng cch: Trn thanh Menu chn View => chn New Theme. 5. Trong hp thoi New Theme, chn kiu i tng Line.
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6. To mt theme mi c tn : Duonggiaothong.shp cho i tng dng Line > Chn ng dn lu tr file Vd : C:\baitapAV\Digitize \ Duonggiaothong.shp -> OK 7. Chn cng c v i tng dng Line 8. S ho cc i tng ng giao thng trn bn Nhp thuc tnh cho cc ng giao thng s ho trn theo bng sau Name Ten duong Loai duong Chieudai Type String String Number Width 30 30 9 Decimal Places 0 0 3
Tnh gi tr cho ct Chieudai bng cch Calculate bng lnh Return Length.
Tenduong ng 70 ng 32 ng 37 ng 151 ng 152 Bi tp 4.2.3. S ho cc i tng dng vng. Loaiduong Quc l Quc l Quc l Tnh l Tnh l
1. Khi ng ArcView 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. M file nh Yenbai.tif trong th mc C:\baitapAV\Digitize lm nn c s cho vic s ho bn . 4. To mi mt Theme bng cch: Trn thanh Menu chn View => chn New Theme. 5. Trong hp thoi New Theme, chn kiu i tng Polygon.
6. To mt theme mi c tn : Hanhchinhhuyen.shp cho i tng dng Polygon -> Chn ng dn lu tr file Vd :
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C:\baitapAV\Digitize \ Hanhchinhhuyen.shp -> OK

7. Chn cng c v i tng dng Polygon 8. S ho cc huyn trn bn
Nhp thuc tnh cho cc huyn s ho trn theo bng sau Name Ma so Ten huyen Dientich Danso Matdo Type Number String Number Number Number Width 6 30 8 9 9 Decimal Places 0 0 2 3 3
Tnh gi tr cho ct Matdo bng cch Calculate gia 2 ct : Danso chia Dientich.
Maso 21305 21309 21301 21303 21317 21311 21315 21307 21313 Tenhuyen Lc Yn M Cang Chi TP. Yn Bi TX. Ngha L Trm Tu Trn Yn Vn Chn Vn Yn Yn Bnh Danso 95939.0000 38267.0000 71299.0000 18370.0000 19126.0000 92770.0000 140556.0000 107272.0000 95469.0000 Dientich 807.3316 1196.0354 56.6882 11.3868 743.1990 679.8443 1227.9287 1383.7876 730.7016
Bi tp 4.2.4. Chnh sa d liu ho.
1. Chn lp thng tin cn chnh sa ch active Vd : Hanhchinhhuyen.shp. 2. Vo menu Theme trn ca s View, chn Start Editing kch hot ch chnh sa d liu ho trong A.V. 3. Dng cc cng c Select la chn i tng. 4. Chn cng c Vertex Edit chnh sa i tng (Thm mi, Xo
(Del), dch chuyn (Move) cc im nt trn i tng ). 5. Trn thanh menu chn Theme => chn Stop Editing kt thc ch chnh sa d liu ho trong A.V.
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Bi tp 4.2.5. Chnh sa d liu thuc tnh.
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1. Chn lp thng tin cn chnh sa ch active Vd : Hanhchinhhuyen.shp v nhp chut vo cng c m bng thuc tnh.
2. Trn thanh menu chn Table trong ca s Attribute, chn Start Editing kch hot ch chnh sa d liu thuc tnh trong bng. 3. Dng cc cng c Select la chn Record. 4. Dng cng c Edit
Maso 21305 21309 21301 21303 21317 21311 21315 21307 21313
chnh sa d liu ca cc bn ghi sau.

Danso 100 256.0000 38 374.0000 96 584.0000 25 321.0000 22 389.0000 95 680.0000 150 269.0000 110 625.0000 100 556.0000 Dientich 807.3316 1196.0354 56.6882 11.3868 743.1990 679.8443 1227.9287 1383.7876 730.7016
Tenhuyen Lc Yn M Cang Chi TP. Yn Bi TX. Ngha L Trm Tu Trn Yn Vn Chn Vn Yn Yn Bnh
5. Trn thanh menu chn Table trong ca s Attribute, chn Stop Editing kt thc ch chnh sa d liu thuc tnh trong bng. Cu hi : 1. Bn c nhn xt g v kh nng s ho bn bng phn mm A.V ( cc cng c s ho, tnh d s dng, mc chnh xc, chnh sa d liu . )? 2. Hy so snh kh nng s ho bng A.V vi mt s phn mm chuyn dng khc trong thnh lp bn nh MicroStation, MapInfo.
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4.3. Nhp d liu t cc phn mm khc vo ArcView

Bi tp 4.3.1. Nhp d liu t Cad drawings.
Mc ch : lm quen vi cc nhp d liu vo ArcView t file Cad drawings. Arcview tng thch vi 2 dng file AutoCAD (t phin bn AutoCAD 13 tr ln) l : *.DWG hoc *.DXF v file MicroStation design : *.DGN (t phin bn MicroStation 5.5 tr ln) 1. Khi ng ArcView v Extension CAD Reader To mi (hoc Open ) mt Project T menu File, chn Extension Trong hp thoi Extension, chn hp kim CAD Reader. OK 2. To mi 1 View - Trong ca s Project chn Views - Chn New -> OK Nhp d liu t nh dng file AutoCad : *.Dwg v *.Dxf 3. Trong ca s Views, bm vo phm Add Theme 4. M file FileDwg.dwg trong th mc C:\baitapAV\Digitize 5. Nhp chut tri vo biu tng bn cnh file, m cc lp i tng
6. La chn mt i tng trong file ny Vd : chn i tng Line , C th la chn nhiu lp i tng trn nhiu file cng mt lc bng cch gi SHIFT.
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7. OK Nhp d liu t nh dng file ca MicroStation : *.Dgn 8. Trong ca s Views, bm vo phm Add Theme 9. M file Diachinh.dgn trong th mc C:\baitapAV\Digitize 10. Nhp chut tri vo biu tng bn cnh file, m cc lp i tng 11. La chn mt i tng trong file ny Vd : chn i tng Line , C th la chn nhiu lp i tng trn nhiu file cng mt lc bng cch gi SHIFT.
Thay i cch hin th i tng trn View : 12. Chn Diachinh.dgn ch active v nhp p chut m bng ch gii. 13. Thay i kiu, ln (Size) v mu sc ca k hiu
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-> Apply
Bi tp 4.3.2. Chuyn d liu t Cad drawings (.dgn, .dxf,.dwg) sang nh dng ca Arcview (.shp)
1. Khi ng ArcView v Extension CAD Reader 2. To mi 1 View 3. Trong ca s Views, bm vo phm Add Theme 4. M file Diachinh.dgn trong th mc C:\baitapAV\Digitize 5. Nhp chut tri vo biu tng bn cnh file, m cc lp i tng
6. Chn mt lp thng tin VD : Line -> bm OK 7. Chn lp thng tin Line ch Active 8. Trn menu Theme chn Convert to Shapefile
9. Ti hp thoi File name -> nhp tn file Shapefile s xut ra Diachinh-line.shp.
VD :
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10. 11. 12.
Ti hp thoi Directories -> nhp ng dn lu tr cho file mi. Chn OK Xut hin hp thoi yu cu xc nh c hay khng Add Theme va to
VD : C:\baitapAV\Digitize
ra ln View.
Bi tp 4.3.3. Nhp d liu t nh dng file ca Arc/Info Coverages
Mc ch : Nhp d liu t cc file Coverages ca Arc/Info Cc file Coverage c xy dng v qun l theo nguyn l tch kiu i tng, ngha l trong 1 file Coverage s c 4 file nh : Polygons (cc i tng dng vng), Arcs (cc i tng dng ng), Annotation ( ch ghi ch), Label Points (tm im nhn). 1. Khi ng ArcView v Extension CAD Reader 2. To mi (hoc Open ) mt Project 3. To mi 1 View 4. Trong ca s Views, bm vo phm Add Theme 5. Chn vo th mc C:\baitapAV\Digitize \Coverage 6. La chn cc i tng trong cc file tng ng, C th la chn nhiu file cng mt lc bng cch gi SHIFT. 7. OK
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Bi tp 4.3.4. Nhp c s d liu dng biu bng (khng c file *.shp)
Mc ch : Nhp d liu dng bng biu thng k vo Arcview Arcview cho php nhp dBASE vo thnh dng bng nh:

dBASE *.dbf -> bng biu thng thng dBASE ArcViews SQL -> c s d liu quan h dBASE Delimited Text *.txt -> chuyn t dng Text vo bng. dBASE INFO format (ARC / INFO) -> thng tin ca file Coverages trong ArcGIS.
1. Trong ca s Project chn Table 2. Chn New nu mun to bng biu *.dbf mi; chn Add nu mun nhp mt bng biu c; chn Open khi mun m 1 bng biu c nhp. 3. Chn Add 4. Trn hp thoi List Files of Type chn kiu d liu cn nhp.

dBASE (*.dbf ) : cho file dbf INFO: cho file dBASE INFO format (ARC / INFO) Delimited Text (*.txt): cho file dng Text (*.txt)
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Lm vic vi cc file : dbf 5. Chn ng dn file *.dbf trong hp thoi Directories C:\baitapAV\Digitize \dbase
6. La chn file cn nhp hc.dbf -> OK Tng t, Tin hnh thc hnh Add c s d liu vi file :

*.dbf theo ng dn C:\baitapAV\Digitize \dBASE\ *.dbf *.txt theo ng dn C:\baitapAV\Digitize \dBASE\ *.txt INFO format theo ng dn C:\baitapAV\Digitize \Info\ *.aat, *.bnd, *.tic
Nhp bng biu i vi c s d liu ArcViews SQL : 1. Trong ca s Project, chn menu Project 2. Chn mc SQL Connect
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3. Trong hp thoi Connection chn nh dng file SQL tng ng nh : MS Acces Database -> cho file *.mdb, Visual FoxPro Database -> cho file Database trong Visual Basic.Vd : chn MS Acces Database 4. Chn Connect . lin kt. 5. Thc hnh vi file Danhsach.mdb trong ng dn C:\baitapAV\Digitize \dBASE
6. Trong hp thoi Tables -> s lng bng trong file, hp thoi Columns cho bit s lng trng tng ng trong Table. Vd : table Tinh c 2 columns l : trng MATINH v trng TENTINH
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7. Trong hp thoi Select chn tn trng (Columns) bng cch nhp p chut tri vo trng mun chn tren hp thoi Columns , trong hp thoi From chn tn bng tng ng, trong hp thoi Outputs Table vit Tn bng s to ra. 8. Chn Query
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Phn 5:
Cc chc nng truy vn, o c v chng xp khng gian
5.1. Cc chc nng o c khng gian : Tnh ton o c khong cch l mt trong nhng php ton c bn c tch hp trong mt phn mm GIS. Vi d liu Vector, cc i tng a l (khng gian) c tham chiu bi cc kiu i tng dng im (points), ng (Lines) v dng vng (polygons). Do , ng vi mi mt cng c hay mt cch o c khc nhau s tch hp hay tng thch vi mt dng i tng. Trong ArcView, thc hnh n gin nht l v trc tip cc i tng ln View; cc gi tr o c c t ng tnh ton v hin th trn thanh trng thi (status) ca ca s View.
Bi tp 5.1.1. t n v hin th gi tr o c
Mc ch : t tham s cho n v o c trn bn . 1. Khi ng ArcView 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. Trong ca s View 4. M Shapefile bt k VD : Diemdocao.shp C:\BaitapAV\NhapData\Shp lm nn c s cho View. 5. Trong ca s View chn menu View, chn Properties, xut hin hp thoi, cho php xc nh cc n v - MapUnit : n v hin th trn View - Distance Unit : n v o c trong th mc
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6. t tham s cho phn MapUnit l : meters 7. Distance Units : meters 8. Chn OK kt thc.
Bi tp 5.1.2. o c i tng dng im
Thng tin o c quan trng nht ca cc i tng dng im trn ca s View chnh l to cc im ; c th l to (x,y) ca im. Thng tin to (x,y) c hin th trn thanh cng c pha phi mn hnh (hnh v), to (x,y) ny xc nh v tr point ca chut trn View. Gi tr to (x,y) hay n v ca n c tham chiu thng qua tham s c xc nh trong bi tp 5.1.1. Gi tr x : to vung gc theo chiu ngang (Kinh ) Gi tr y : to vung gc theo chiu dc (V )
y x (x,y y x
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Bi tp 5.1.3. o c i tng dng ng
Thng tin o c cc i tng dng ng trn ca s View chnh l chiu di ca i tng. Trong A.V tch hp 2 dng Line : on thng (ch gm 2 im ) v ng thng (gm nhiu on thng ni vi nhau) v nh vy s c phi xc nh 2 gi tr di : Chiu di on (Segment Length) v chiu di c ng (Total Length). Trong A.V, v c bn c 2 cch o khong cch i tng dng Line : S dng cng c o khong cch (Measurement tool). Mc ch : Lm quen vi cng c o c trc tip trn A.V. 1. Khi ng ArcView 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. Trong ca s View, chn cng c Measure tool 4. a con tr chut ra ngoi mn hnh View, v 1 ng bt k 5. Quan st gi tr khong cch c hin th trn thnah trng thi pha di ca s A.V (Hnh) 6. hon thnh (kt thc) vic o c, bn ch cn nhn p chut tri.
trong : Segment Length : gi tr chiu di on cui cng Length : gi tr tng chiu di.
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S dng cc cng c v ha (Drawing tools) : C 2 la chn trong trong bng lit k cc cng c v Line : + o on thng + o ng gp khc. Thc hnh : 1. Khi ng ArcView 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. o chiu di ca cc on thng : 3. Chn cng c v Draw Straight Line 4. V 1 on thng trc tip trn View bng cch nhp chut tri vo im bt u , gi chut tri ri ko r chut n im kt thc v quan st nhng thng tin c hin th trn thanh trng thi ca A.V. Trong , Length Tng chiu di, Start v End cha ta (x,y) ca im bt u v im kt thc.
V Points V on V ng V Polygon (vung gc) V hnh trn V a gic
o chiu di ca cc ng gp khc (gm nhiu on thng) : 5. Chn cng c v Draw Line
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6. V 1 ng thng (bao gm nhiu on thng ) trc tip trn View bng cch nhp chut tri vo im bt u , nhp chut tri vo im tip theo v v im kt thc bng cch p chut tri, hy quan st nhng thng tin c hin th trn thanh trng thi ca A.V. Trong , Length Tng chiu di, Segment Length chiu di on cui cng. 7. lu tr nhng i tng dng ng thng ny, th trc khi v, bn cn tin hnh cc cng vic sau : + Trong ca s View, to mi hoc m mt shapefile dng Line + Chn file dng Active, vo thc n Theme chn Start Editing + Chn cng c v Draw Line + V cc i tng. + M bng thuc tnh to mi 1 trng c tn : Dodai, kiu Number -> Tnh ton chiu di cc i tng v theo cng thc ton hc : [Shape].ReturnLength (xem bi Lm vic vi Bng thuc tnh trong A.V) + Vo thc n Theme chn Stop Editing, dng qu trnh v i tng v ghi li nhng i tng ha ny.
Bi tp 5.1.4. o c i tng dng vng :
Thng tin o c quan trng nht i vi cc i tng dng vng trn ca s View chnh l din tch ca i tng. Trong A.V tch hp 3 dng Polygon (vng) :
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+ Rectangle : a gic c cc gc trong a gic bng 900 VD nh Hnh ch nht, hnh vung . + Circle : Hnh trn + Polygon : a gic c hnh dng bt k.
Rectangle : Hnh ch nht , hnh vung Circle : Hnh trn. Polygon : a gic bt k
Trong A.V, v c bn c 2 dng o c i tng dng vng : o c i tng dng Rectangle (Measuring Rectangles). Mc ch : Lm quen vi cng c o c vi vng Rectangle trn A.V. 1. Khi ng ArcView. 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. Trong ca s View, chn cng c Draw Rectangle 4. a con tr chut ra ngoi mn hnh View, v 1 hnh bt k trc tip trn View cch nhp chut tri vo gc bt u, gi v ko r chut ti gc kt thc, th chut. 5. Hy quan st nhng thng tin c hin th trn thanh trng thi ca A.V. Trong , Origin Ta (x,y) ca gc pha di bn tri ca hnh v. Extent chiu rng v chiu cao ca hnh v. Area Kch thc (din tch) ca hnh v.
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o c i tng dng Circle v Polygons: Mc ch : Lm quen vi cng c o c vi vng Circle (hnh tr) v vng Polygons (a gic) trn A.V. 1. Khi ng ArcView. 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. Trong ca s View, chn cng c Draw Circle 4. V mt hnh bt k trn ca s View 5. Hy quan st nhng thng tin c hin th trn thanh trng thi ca A.V. Trong , Center Ta (x,y) ca tm hnh v. Radius - Bn knh hnh trn. v vng dng Circle
6. Trong ca s View, chn cng c Draw Polygon

7. V mt hnh bt k trn ca s View
v vng Polygon.
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8. Hy quan st nhng thng tin c hin th trn thanh trng thi ca A.V. Trong , Segment length chiu di on thng cui cng khp kn ng bao vng. Perimeter Tng chiu di ng bao vng (chu vi) Area Kch thc hay din tch ca vng. 9. lu tr nhng i tng dng vng ny, th trc khi v, bn cn tin hnh cc cng vic sau : + Trong ca s View, to mi hoc m mt shapefile dng Polygon + Chn file dng Active, vo thc n Theme chn Start Editing + Chn cc cng c v vng (Rectangle, Circle, Polygons) + V cc i tng. + M bng thuc tnh to mi 1 trng c tn : Dientich, kiu Number -> Tnh ton din tch cc i tng v theo cng thc ton hc : [Shape].ReturnArea (xem bi Lm vic vi Bng thuc tnh trong A.V) + Vo thc n Theme chn Stop Editing, dng qu trnh v i tng v ghi li nhng i tng ha ny.
5.2. Cc chc nng truy vn khng gian D liu trong A.V bao gm 2 phn chnh : D liu ho v d liu thuc tnh. Do , c th truy vn tm kim d liu A.V tch thnh 2 dng truy vn : theo i tng ho v theo d liu thuc tnh. - D liu ha: la chn cc i tng trn View v hin th thuc tnh ca chng. - D liu thuc tnh : da vo bng thuc tnh ca i tng, tm kim truy vn , sau hin th v tr ca chng trn View.
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Bi tp 5.2.1. Truy vn theo d liu ha
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C 2 cch truy vn theo d liu ha sau : M t i tng (Identification) Dng cng c Identification la chn i tng.
Trong trng hp ny, i tng c chn ch l nhng i tng c trong theme ang c kch hot (active) v cc d liu bn khng c chnh sa (Edit) thng qua cng c ny. Khi dng cng c Identification chn vo mt i tng trn View th thng tin thuc tnh ca i tng trong c s d liu thuc tnh (file dbf) s c hin th trn mt hp thoi ring. 1. Khi ng ArcView. 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. Trong ca s Views, bm vo phm Add Theme 4. Chn vo th mc C:\ BaitapAV\ NhapData\ Shp\ Nhp vo View 2 file Shp : Hanhchinh-H.shp v Songsuoi-2n.shp 5. Kch hot 1 trong 2 file ny hoc kch hot c hai bng cch gi Shift khi chn file. 6. Dng cng c Identification tng trn bn . la chn v xem thuc tnh ca i
Ton b c s d liu lin quan n i tng s c hin th trn mt c s mi. Ca s ny gm c 2 phn :
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Pha bn phi : lit k tt c cc trng d liutrong bng thuc tnh v gi tr lin quan lin quan n i tng. Pha bn tri : m t tm lc v s ln Identification, tn file, gi tr trng text u tin trong c s d liu.(Trong trng hp khng c trng Text no, gi tr ny s c thay bng m ho ca i tng).
Thc hnh : Kch hot 2 hoc nhiu theme cng lc, s dng cng c Identification chn i tng. Nhn xt kt qu t c. S dng cc cng c la chn (Select) la chn i tng Cc cng c la chn i tng (Hnh v) cho php bn la chn mt hoc nhiu i tng trn ca s View.
Clearn Selected Features Select Feartures Using Graphy
Select Feature
Nhng i tng c chn s hin th vi mu sc sng hn m c th l mu mu vng ( yellow by default). Bn c th thay i mu mc nh ny trong thc n Project \ Properties ca ca s Prj.
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La chn cc i tng theo mt hnh bt k Trong AV tch hp mt s cng c cho php v im, ng (o v ng thng ) v i tng dng vng (hnh ch nht, hnh trn hay a gic bt k). Trn ca s View, nhng i tng ny c th c chn lm c s la chn cc i tng khc t mt hay nhiu Theme (lp thng tin ) nm hon ton pha trong hay ch chng mt phn ln i tng ny. Mi mt dng i tng c chn lm c s ch c th tng thch vi 1 vi dng c s d liu trong A.V. VD nh, mt i tng dng ng c th c dng chn cc ng khc hay Vng khc trong Theme. Bng sau y, lit k loi i tng ho dng lm c s cho vic la chn i tng khc. i tng ha im (Point) ng (Line) Vng (Polygon) 1. Khi ng ArcView 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. Nhp mt shapefile mi (Add Theme) Hanhchinh-h.shp theo ng dn sau : C:\BaitapAV\ NhapData\ shp 4. Kch hot file ny ch Active. 5. Trong ca s View, v mt hnh trn hoc mt a gic trc tip trn View. 6. Dng cng c Pointer v gi Shift chn c hai i tng trn. Cc i tng c th c chn trong Theme im (Point) ng (Line) Vng (Polygon)
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Cng c Select Features Using Graphic
7. Chn cng c Select Features Using Graphic 8. Khi tt c nhng i tng trong file shapefile nm hon ton hoc mt phn trong hnh trn v a gic s c chn v c mu sng hn (mu mc nh l mu vng). C th thay i mu ny bng cch vo thc n Project \ Properties\ chn Select Color trong ca s Project.
Thc hnh : - Nhp vo t 2 theme tr ln (VD : Vo C:\BaitapAV\ NhapData\ shp\ nhp vo mt file i tng ng Songsuoi-1N.shp, mt file i tng im Diemdancu.shp , mt file i tng vng Hanhchinh-h.shp ) - V mt s vng bt k hoc v mt ng thng trn View v chn chng. - Active cc Theme . - Thay i cch la chn cch hnh v v cc Theme active
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- Chn cng c Select Features Using Graphic - Quan st v cho nhn xt kt qu.
Bi tp 5.2.2. Truy vn theo thng tin thuc tnh
Cng nh truy vn theo i tng khng gian, truy vn theo thng tin thuc tnh trong AV c 2 cch : - S dng cng c Select la chn cc dng bn ghi (Record) trong bng thuc tnh (Atributes Table). - S dng cng c Query Builder tm kim i tng. La chn cc i tng vi cng c Select S dng cng c Select la chn i tng
Cng c Select trong bng thuc tnh
1. Khi ng ArcView 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. Trn ca s View, Nhp mt shapefile mi (Add Theme) Hanhchinh-h.shp theo ng dn sau : C:\BaitapAV\ NhapData\shp 4. Chn lp thng tin ny ch Active 5. Chn cng c Open Attributes m bng thuc tnh ca shapefile.
6. Trong ca s bng thuc tnh, chn cng c Select 7. Chn mt vi bn ghi trong bng thuc tnh, c th nhn v gi Shift chn nhiu bn ghi cng lc.
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Khi cc bn ghi c lc chn cng nh cc i tng ho gn vi chng trn View s c nh du bng mt mu sng hn (mu vng). 8. hin th nhng i tng la chn vo tm mn hnh, bn quay sang ca s View v chn cng c Zoom to Selected 9. b chn tng bn ghi, nhn v gi Shift, la chn cc bn ghi cn loi b. Trong trng hp b tt c cc la chn, dng cng c Select None La chn cc i tng vi cng c Query Builder S dng cng c Query Builder la chn i tng. .
Cng c Query Builder trong bng thuc tnh
Trong A.V, cng c Query Builder lm vic da trn gi tr bng thuc tnh, mt lnh truy vn n gin s bao gm : Tn trng (field Name), ton t v gi tr. V cch vit cu lnh, cng thc truy vn trong vic khai thc tm kim d liu bng truy vn, cn ch nhng im sau : - Ton b cu lnh phi c vit trong du ngoc n : (..) - Tn trng d liu -> vit trong du ngoc vung : [..] - D liu dng ch (Text, string) -> vit trong du nhy kp : .. 1. Khi ng ArcView
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2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. Trn ca s View, Nhp mt shapefile mi (Add Theme) VD nh Hanhchinh-h.shp theo ng dn sau : C:\BaitapAV\ NhapData\ shp\ 4. Chn lp thng tin ny ch Active 5. Chn cng c Query Builder s hi thoi. , khi trn mn hnh s xut hin mt ca
Cc trng d liu trong bng thuc tnh
Cc gi tr trong mt trng d liu
Cu lnh truy vn
Cc ton t
6. Nhp cu lnh truy vn vo ghi cu lnh truy vn VD nh tm huyn Hip Ha, khi cu lnh s l : ( [Thuochuyen] = "Hip Ho" ) 7. C th ghi cu lnh trc tip hoc chn cc phn t trc tip trong hp thoi - Chn tn trng bng cch nhp p chut tri. - Chn ton t - Chn gi tr (Values) bng cch nhp p chut tri. 8. Chn New Set, khi nhng gi tr no tho mn cu ln truy vn s uc chn v c t mt mu sng hn (thng l mu vng). C th thay i mu ny bng cch vo thc n Project \ Properties\ chn Select Color trong ca s Project. 9. sp xp cc i tng chn ln pha trn danh sch cc bn ghi trong bng thuc tnh, chn cng c Promote trong ca s bng thuc tnh.
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10. hin th nhng i tng la chn vo tm mn hnh, bn quay sang ca s View v chn cng c Zoom to Selected
11. b cc la chn, dng cng c Select None Thc hnh
- Thao tc nhp thm mt s file shp mi vo View VD nh thm mi file Hanhchnh- xa.shp trong thu muc C:/BaitapAV/NhapData/ Shp. - Dng cng c Query Builder la chn i tng, ng dng cc ton t And, Or, Not.
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Tm tt c cc x phng c : Dientich > 618.208 v Danso99 < 162710
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Bi t 5.2.3. Cc tnh ton thng k ca cc i tng c chn:
Lnh Statistics cho php thng k mt s tham s lin quan cc i tng c chn nh Sum (Tng gi tr), Count (s lng cc i tng c chn), Mean (gi tr trung bnh). (tham kho thm trong phn Lm vic vi d liu dng bng ). Lnh Statistics ch cho php thao tc da trn trng d liu dng s (khng thao tc trn d liu dng ch ) 1. Khi ng ArcView 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. Trn ca s View, Nhp mt shapefile mi (Add Theme) VD nh Hanhchinh-xa.shp theo ng dn sau : C:\BaitapAV\ NhapData\ shp\ 4. Chn lp thng tin ny ch Active 5. Chn cng c Open Theme Table m bng thuc tnh ca i tng.
6. Dng cc cch trong phn 5.2.2 la chn i tng. 7. Trong ca s bng thuc tnh, chn mt trng d liu c kiu s VD nh trng Maso.
8. Chn lnh Statistics t thc n Field. Khi trn mn hnh s xut hin mt ca s hi thoi thng k cc thng s lin quan.
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Bi tp 5.2.4. Lu cc kt qu truy vn
Vi cc kt qu truy vn, bn c th lu tr ring li thnh mt file hon ton mi nh d liu dng bng (*.dbf) hay d liu dng Shapefile ( ho v thuc tnh i km). Lu cc bn ghi c chn thnh bng mi Cc bn ghi trong c s d liu dng bng (*.dbf) c th c lu tr ring(ch c d liu dng biu bng, khng c i tng ha i km) thnh mt trong cc nh dng sau : dBASE : c s d liu dng bng *.dbf INFO : c s d liu bng tng t file Info ca file Coverage Comma-delimited text : dng text (*.txt)
1. Khi ng ArcView 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. Trn ca s View, Nhp mt shapefile mi (Add Theme) VD nh Hanhchinh-xa.shp theo ng dn sau : C:\BaitapAV\ NhapData\ shp\ 4. Chn lp thng tin ny ch Active 5. Chn cng c Open Theme Table m bng thuc tnh ca i tng.
6. Dng cc cch trong phn 5.2.2 la chn i tng.

7. Trn thc n File ca ca s bng thuc tnh chn lnh Exportxut hin
ca s Export Table, cho php chn kiu d liu s xut ra.

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8. Chn nh dng file VD nh dBASE

9. Chn OK, nhp tn file mi v ng dn th mc lu tr. -> OK.
Thc hnh : - Thao tc tm kim v la chn cc bn ghi thuc tnh ca file Hanhchinh-xa.shp tho mn iu kin sau : Cc x phng thuc huyn Lc Ngn v c Dientich nh hn 100 km2. - Lu tr cc bn ghi ny thnh file mi nh dng *.dbf v *.txt - Nhn xt cc kt qu. Lu cc i tng c chn thnh Shapefile mi Cc i tng ho c th c lu tr ring ( cc i tng ha v thuc tnh ca chng i km) thnh mt Shapefile mi. 1. Khi ng ArcView 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. Trn ca s View, Nhp mt shapefile mi (Add Theme) VD nh Hanhchinh-xa.shp theo ng dn sau : C:\BaitapAV\ NhapData\ shp\ 4. Chn lp thng tin ny ch Active
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5. Dng cc cch trong phn 5.2.2 la chn i tng. 6. Trn thc n Theme ca ca s View chn lnh Convert to Shapefilexut hin ca s Convert, cho php nhp tn file mi v ng dn lu tr.
7. Chn OK
Nu bn mun Add lun d liu ny ln View th chn Yes v ngc li chn No. Thc hnh : - Thao tc tm kim v la chn cc i tng ca file Hanhchinh-xa.shp tho mn iu kin sau : C loi l X v thuc huyn TX.Bc Giang - Lu tr cc i tng ny thnh file mi nh dng Shapefile. - Nhn xt cc kt qu.
Bi tp 5.2.5. Cc truy vn da trn mi quan h khng gian
Trong A.V bn c th thao tc la chn cc i tng da trn mi quan h khng gian, c th l : - La chn mt hoc nhiu i tng trong mt Theme (d liu gc). - Tnh ton da trn mi quan h khng gian ca cc i tng la chn, truy vn v tm kim i tng. (Select by Theme) - Hin th nhng i tng c chn trn View v trong bng thuc tnh.
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Trong phn ny ch yu thc hnh lm quen vi cc cng c v chc nng Select by Theme, Trong ca s View, vo thc n Theme / chn Select by Theme..Khi s xut hin mt hp thoi sau :
Trong mc Select features of active theme that chn cc chc nng truy vn. Trong mc the selected features of chn file shp cn tm kim d liu(Theme chn ). La chn cc i tng nm trong i tng khc Cng c ny cho php tc ng da trn mi quan h khng gian ca i tng chng hn nh cc i tng nm trong, b ph bi hoc cha ng i tng khc. Do vy, khng phi kiu i tng no cng c th p dng cng c ny, v d nh cc i tng dng im khng th cha trong n cc i tng ng hay i tng vng.... Thc hnh : La chn tt c nhng im dn c trong phm vi Ranh gii ca mt huyn. 1. Khi ng ArcView 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. Trn ca s View, Nhp hai shapefile mi (Add Theme) Diemdancu.shp v Hanhchinh-xa.shp theo ng dn sau : C:\BaitapAV\NhapData\ shp 4. Dng cc cch trong phn 5.2.2 la chn i tng trong file Hanhchinh-H.shp VD nh chn TX.Bc Giang. 5. Chn lp thng tin Diendancu.shp ch Active. 6. Chn Selected by Theme trn thc n Theme. 7. Ti mc Select features of active theme that chn cc chc nng Are Completely Within.
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8. Ti mc the selected features of chn file Hanhchinh-H.shp
9. Chn New Set, khi tt c cc i tng Diemdancu.shp nm trong pham vi ranh gii ca TX.Bc Giang s c chn v c mu sng hn (mu vng).
Thc hnh : - Thao tc nhp 2 lp thng tin Hanhchinh-H.shp v Hanhchinh-xa.shp trong th mc C:/ BaitapAV/ NhapData/ Shp .
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Thc hnh thao tc chc nng trn cho vic la chn tt c cc i tng vng trong lp Hanhchinh-xa.shp nm trong Ranh gii huyn Lc Ngn ca lp Hanhchinh-H.shp.
La chn cc i tng nm (Overlay) ln i tng khc: Da trn mi quan h khng gian chng lp ca i tng, chc nng Intersect tng thch vi tt c nhng i tng khng ch nm mt phn m c th hon ton trn i tng gc.
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Thc hnh : La chn tt c nhng on sng sui 1 nt nm chn ln Ranh gii ca mt huyn (polygon). 1. Khi ng ArcView 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. Trn ca s View, Nhp hai shapefile mi (Add Theme) Songsuoi-1N.shp v Hanhchinh-xa.shp theo ng dn sau : C:\BaitapAV\shp 4. La chn i tng trong file Hanhchinh-H.shp VD nh chn huyn Hip Ho. 5. Chn lp thng tin Songsuoi-1N.shp ch Active. 6. Chn Selected by Theme trn thc n Theme. 7. Ti mc Select features of active theme that chn cc chc nng Intersect.
8. Ti mc the selected features of chn file Hanhchinh-H.shp
9. Chn New Set, khi tt c cc i tng Songsuoi-1N.shp nm ln hoc nm hon ton trong ranh gii ca huyn Hip Ho s c chn v c mu sng hn (mu vng).
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La chn cc i tng nm tip gip (k cn) vi i tng : Chn v tr li cu hi nh : - Vng t rng no nm cnh vng t ang b chy ? - Nhng H, m nui thu sn ca nhng ai nm k cn vng h ca Cng ty A - Khu t canh tc, nui trng thu sn nm cnh dng sng thng gy ra l. Hai i tng trong khng gian c coi l k cn nu gia chng c ranh gii chung do ch nhng i tng dng vng mi c coi l k cn. Chc nng, cng c tnh ton lin quan vng k cn trong A.V c tch hp trong iu khin Are Within Distance of nhng vi khong cch bng 0. Thc hnh : La chn tt c nhng huyn nm gip mt huyn cho v d gip TX.Bc Giang 1. Khi ng ArcView 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. Trn ca s View, Nhp shapefile(Add Theme) Hanhchinh-H.shp theo ng dn sau : C:\BaitapAV\shp 4. Dng cc cch trong phn 5.2.2 la chn i tng trong file Hanhchinh-H.shp VD nh chn TX.BcGiang 5. Chn lp thng tin Hanhchinh-H.shp ch Active. 6. Chn Selected by Theme trn thc n Theme. 7. Ti mc Select features of active theme that chn cc chc nng Are Within Distance Of, Ti mc the selected features of chn file Hanhchinh-H.shp, ti mc Selection distance chn gi tr 0m ( khong cch = 0).
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8. Chn New Set, khi tt c cc i tng vng k cn TX.Bc Giang trong lp Hanhchinh-H.shp s c chn (k c i tng TX.Bc Giang ) v c mu sng hn (mu vng). La chn cc i tng nm trong phm vi (gii hn khong cch) tnh t i tng Chc nng, cng c tnh ton lin quan n phm vi gii hn khong cch tnh t i tng trong A.V c tch hp trong iu khin Are Within Distance of vi mt khong cch nht nh. Thc hnh : La chn tt c nhng im dn c nm cch im dn c c a danh Phng Lan 10 000 mt trn bn . 1. Khi ng ArcView 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. Trn ca s View, Nhp shapefile(Add Theme) Diemdancu.shp theo ng dn sau : C:\BaitapAV\shp 4. Dng cc cch trong phn 5.2.2 la chn i tng a danh Phng Lan trong file Diemdancu.shp. 5. Chn lp thng tin Diemdancu.shp ch Active. 6. Chn Selected by Theme trn thc n Theme. 7. Ti mc Select features of active theme that chn cc chc nng Are Within Distance Of, Ti mc the selected features of chn file Diemdancu.shp, ti mc Selection distance chn gi tr 10 000 m ( khong cch = 10 000 m).
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8. Chn New Set, khi tt c cc i tng nm cch im dn c c a danh Phng Lan mt khong cch 10 000 mt trong lp Diemdancu.shp s c chn (k c i tng im dn c c a danh Phng Lan ) v c mu sng hn (mu vng).
5.3. Cc chc nng chng lp khng gian : Cc chc chc nng chng lp d liu khng gian (Overlay) da trn mi quan h khng gian gia cc i tng trong 1 Theme v gia cc Theme vi nhau c tch hp trong chc nng GeoProcessing Wizard trong thc n View. Chc nng GeoProcessing Wizard trong thc n View c tch hp thnh mt Extension c tn GeoProcessing. Vo thc n File \ chn Extension \ nh du vo hp kim GeoProcessing khi ng n. GeoProcessing Wizard cung cp 6 chc nng chnh x l v phn tch thng tin t nhiu lp thng tin (Theme) khc nhau.C th l : Dissolve (Dissolve features based on an attributes) : Chp cc i tng k
nhau c cng chung mt thuc tnh c la chn no thnh mt i tng duy nht. -> khi qut ho bn .
V d nh khi thnh lp bn hin trng s dng t t bn a chnh bn c th s dng cng c ny nhp cc tha t k nhau c cng mc ch s dng (VD : t th c ) thnh mt i tng duy nht (t ). Merge (Merge Theme together) : Chp hai hoc nhiu lp bn thnh mt
lp duy nht (mt Shapefile).Theme mi s cha ng ni dung ca tt c cc Theme u vo (c ho v cc trng d liu thuc tnh)
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Clip (Clip one theme based on another) : Chc nng ny cho php to ra mt
Shp mi m nhng i tng trong c tnh ton chng lp t 2 theme u vo ( Input Theme) hay ni cch khc l ct cc i tng ca theme u vo (Input Theme) ch gi li phn nm trong ng bao ca cc i tng trong Clip theme.
Clip Theme phi l mt Theme cha cc i tng dng vng (polygon) Input Theme c th cha cc i tng l Polygon (Vng), Line (ng) hoc Point (im). Nhng i tng trong Theme mi s cng kiu i tng nh Theme u vo (c v ho v thuc tnh), khng cha i tng ca Theme Clip Theme. Intersect (Intersect two theme) Giao nhau gia cc i tng trn 2 theme
khc nhau to thnh mt i tng mi (nh hn) c tt c cc thuc tnh ca 2 theme. Theme dng Overlay phi l Polygon, nhng polygon ny s dng ct (split) cc i tng trong Input Theme.
Ch nhng din tch c c trn Overlay Theme v Input Theme (giao nhau) mi c to ra trn Output Theme. Nhng i tng trn Input Theme c th l polygon hoc Line. Nhng i tng trong Theme mi s cng kiu i tng nh nhng i tng ca Theme u vo (c v ho v thuc tnh) nhng s b ct nh ra theo Overlay Theme. Union (Union two themes): Chc nng Union cho php to ra 1 theme mi
c chng lp t 2 theme polygon.
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Khc vi cng c Intersect, cng c Union khng ct cc i tng ca Input Theme theo ranh gii trong Overlay Theme, Output Theme s cha ng i tng trong c 2 theme u vo (i tng b ct nh). Assign data by location (Spatial Join) :
Da trn mi quan h khng gian gia cc i tng trn 2 theme, chc nng ny cho php ni di c s d liu bng trong bng thuc tnh ca i tng. Khi trong d liu bng thuc tnh ca theme ch s cha tt c cc trng d liu ca c hai theme u vo.
Bi tp 5.3.1. Chng lp d liu khng gian dng chc nng CLIP
Mc ch : S dng cc i tng dng vng trong Theme vng ct (clip) cc i tng (im, ng hoc vng) trong Theme khc Thc hnh : To mt Theme cha tt c sng sui 1 nt c ct theo ranh gii ca mt huyn no . 1. Khi ng ArcView, kch hot extension GeoProcessing 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. Trong ca s View nhp vo 2 shapefile(Add Theme) Songsuoi-1N.shp v Hanhchinh-H.shp theo ng dn sau : C:\BaitapAV\NhapData\shp 4. Dng cc cch trong phn 5.2.2 la chn huyn Lc Nam trong file Hanhchinh-H.shp. 5. Chn lp thng tin Hanhchinh-H.shp ch Active. 6. Vo thc n View chn mc GeoProcessing Wizardkhi trn mn hnh s xut hin mt hp hi thoi, cho php chn cc chc nng chng xp d liu : chn Clip one theme based on another.-> chn Next
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7. Trong mc 1) Selected input theme to clip chn theme u vo s b ct (clip ) l : Songsuoi-1N.shp , trong mc 2) Selected a polygon overlay theme chn theme ct l : Hanhchinh-H.shp, trong mc 3) Specify the output file nhp tn file mi v ng dn lu tr file. 8. Chn Finish 9. Nhn xt kt qu. Thc hnh : - To dng cc lp thng tin theo ranh gii 1 huyn, c th huyn Lc Ngn trong file Hanhchinh-H.shp. nh Sng sui, im dn c. - Cc lp thng tin sau : Songsuoi-1N.shp, Songsuoi-2N.shp, Diemdancu.shp trong ng dn C:\ BaitapAV\ NhapData\ Shp lm ngun d liu u vo.
Bi tp 5.3.2. Chng lp d liu khng gian dng chc nng INTERSECT
Mc ch : S dng cc i tng dng vng trong Theme vng ct cc i tng (ch yu l i tng dng ng) trong Theme khc Thc hnh : To mt Theme cha tt c sng sui 1 nt c ct nh ra theo ranh gii ca cc huyn trong tnh.
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Sng sui
Cc huyn Input Theme Output Theme
1. Khi ng ArcView, kch hot extension GeoProcessing 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. Trong ca s View nhp vo 2 shapefile(Add Theme) Songsuoi-1N.shp v Hanhchinh-H.shp theo ng dn sau : C:\BaitapAV\NhapData\shp 4. Chn lp thng tin Hanhchinh-H.shp ch Active.
5. Vo thc n View chn mc GeoProcessing Wizardkhi trn mn hnh
s xut hin mt hp hi thoi, cho php chn cc chc nng chng xp d liu : chn Intersect two Themes .-> chn Next
6. Trong mc 1) Selected input theme to intersect chn theme u vo s b ct (clip) l : Songsuoi-1N.shp , trong mc 2) Selected a polygon overlay theme
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chn theme ct l : Hanhchinh-H.shp, trong mc 3) Specify the output file nhp tn file mi v ng dn lu tr file. 7. Chn Finish 8. Nhn xt kt qu v so snh vi chc nng CLIP. Thc hnh : - To dng cc lp thng tin b ct nh theo ranh gii 1 huyn, c th cc huyn trong file Hanhchinh-H.shp. V d nh Sng sui 2 nt. - Nhp vo lp thng tin sau :Songsuoi-2N.shp trong ng dn C:\ BaitapAV\ NhapData\ Shp lm ngun d liu u vo. - Trong file Shapefile c to mi, trong bng thuc tnh ca n, cc bn to thm 1 trng c tn : Dientich, c kiu : Number -> tnh gi tr bng gi tr din tch cc khc sng sui cho trng ny (c th tham kho li trong phn Lam vic vi bng thuc tnh).
Bi tp 5.3.3. Chng lp d liu khng gian dng chc nng UNION
Mc ch : Chp 2 lp thng tin li thnh (k c i tng ho v d liu thuc tnh) Thc hnh : To mt Theme mi cha tt c sng sui 2 nt (vng) v cc vng ranh gii ca cc huyn trong mt tnh (ti nhng v tr vng huyn c sng i qua, vng huyn s b ct i v thay vo l vng sng 2 nt). 1. Khi ng ArcView, kch hot extension GeoProcessing 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. Trong ca s View nhp vo 2 shapefile(Add Theme) Songsuoi-2N.shp v Hanhchinh-H.shp theo ng dn sau : C:\BaitapAV\NhapData\shp 4. Chn lp thng tin Hanhchinh-H.shp ch Active. 5. Vo thc n View chn mc GeoProcessing Wizardkhi trn mn hnh s xut hin mt hp hi thoi, cho php chn cc chc nng chng xp d liu : chn Union two Themes .-> chn Next.
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6. Trong mc 1) Selected input theme to union chn theme u vo l : Songsuoi-2N.shp , trong mc 2) Selected a polygon overlay theme to union chn theme b ct l : Hanhchinh-H.shp, trong mc 3) Specify the output file nhp tn file mi v ng dn lu tr file. 7. Chn Finish
8. Nhn xt kt qu v so snh vi chc nng CLIP, INTERSECT.
Bi tp 5.3.4. S dng chc nng DISOLVE
Mc ch : Chp cc i tng k nhau c chung thuc tnh li thnh mt. Thc hnh : To mt Theme mi cha cc vng ranh gii huyn c tng hp t cc x thuc n. 1. Khi ng ArcView, kch hot extension GeoProcessing 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. Trong ca s View nhp vo 1 shapefile(Add Theme) Hanhchinh-xa.shp theo ng dn sau : C:\BaitapAV\NhapData\shp 4. Chn lp thng tin Hanhchinh-xa.shp ch Active. 5. Vo thc n View chn mc GeoProcessing Wizardkhi trn mn hnh s xut hin mt hp hi thoi, cho php chn cc chc nng chng xp d liu : chn Dissolve features based on an attributes .-> chn Next.
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6. Trong mc 1) Select theme to dissolve chn theme u vo l : Hanhchinhxa.shp , trong mc 2) Selected an atribute to dissolve chn trng d liu cn gi li ca Theme u vo, chn trng Thuochuyen , trong mc output file nhp tn file mi v ng dn lu tr file. -> Chn Next. 3) Specify the
Cc trng s c tnh thm vo Theme u ra 7. Chn gi tr cho cc trng d liu s c thm vo trong c s d liu ca Theme u ra, V d chn Dientich by Sum khi trong bn thuc tnh mi s c thm mt trng l tng din tch ca cc x c chung thuc tnh Thuochuyen.... 8. Chn Finish 9. Nhn xt kt qu.
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Bi tp 5.3.5. S dng chc nng MERGE
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Mc ch : Chp cc lp thng tin k nhau li thnh mt. Thc hnh : To mt Theme mi cha cc vng ranh gii huyn ca 2 tnh k nhau. 1. Khi ng ArcView, kch hot extension GeoProcessing 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. Trong ca s View nhp vo 2 shapefile(Add Theme) Hanhchinh-H.shp v Haiduong-H.shp theo ng dn sau : C:\BaitapAV\NhapData\shp 4. Chn lp thng tin Hanhchinh-H.shp ch Active.
5. Vo thc n View chn mc GeoProcessing Wizardkhi trn mn hnh
s xut hin mt hp hi thoi, cho php chn cc chc nng chng xp d liu : chn Merge Theme together.-> chn Next.
6. Trong mc 1) Select at leas two themes to merge chn cc theme u vo l : Hanhchinh-H.shp v Haiduong-H.shp , trong mc Use field from chn lp thng m theo cc trng d liu ca Theme u ra s tng t nh vy, trong mc2) Output file nhp tn file mi v ng dn lu tr file. 7. Chn Finish. Thc hnh : - Nhp vo 3 file vng ranh gii huyn : Hanhchinh-H.shp, Bacninh-H.shp v Haiduong-H.shp trong th mc C:\ BaitapAV\ NhapData\ Shp.
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- Dng chc nng MERGE chp c 3 file li thnh 1 file, ly cc trng d liu ca file Haiduong-H.shp lm c s. - Nhn xt kt qu.
Bi tp 5.3.6. S dng chc nng ASSIGN DATA by LOCATION
Mc ch : lin kt 2 c s d liu dng biu bng li vi nhau Thc hnh : Xy dng thm c s d liu cho lp thng tin Diemdancu.shp v d nh xc nh xem im dn c ny thuc x no, din tch x l bao nhiu 1. Khi ng ArcView, kch hot extension GeoProcessing 2. To mi mt Project v mt ca s New View. 3. Trong ca s View nhp vo 2 shapefile(Add Theme) Hanhchinh-xa.shp v Diemdancu.shp theo ng dn sau : C:\BaitapAV\NhapData\shp. 4. Vo thc n View chn mc GeoProcessing Wizardkhi trn mn hnh s xut hin mt hp hi thoi, cho php chn cc chc nng chng xp d liu : chn Assign data by location (Spatial Join).-> chn Next.
5. Trong mc 1) Select a theme to assign data to chn cc theme xy dng thm c s d liu trong bng thuc tnh l : Diemdancu.shp, trong mc 2)
Selected a theme to assign data to chn lp thng tin cha d liu lin kt vi theme mc 1). 6. Chn Finish.
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Phn 6:
Arcview 3D Analyst
6.1. Gii thiu ArcGIS 3D Analyst ArcView 3D Analyst l mt trong nhng extension ca ArcView cung cp cc cng c chuyn dng cho vic x l v hin th d liu khng gian 3 chiu. 3D Analyst cho php:

To b mt t d liu c gi tr Z Phn tch b mt Tm kim cc gi tr ti mt v tr trn b mt Xc nh din tch v th tch ca mt b mt Trnh by v hin th b mt trong khng gian 3 chiu
6.2. Hng dn s dng ArcView 3D Analyst

Bi tp 6.2.1. To m hnh TIN t nhng feature c gi tr z
1. Khi ng ArcView v Extension 3D Analyst To mi (hoc Open ) mt Project T menu File, chn Extension Trong hp thoi Extension, chn hp 3D Analyst. OK 2. To mi 1 View - Trong ca s Project chn Views - Chn New -> OK 3. M Feature theme laichau-h.shp, dc-f48a3.shp, bd-f48a3.shp trong th mc c:\BaitapAV\3D data. 4. Chn huyn Mng T trong theme laichau-h.shp 5. Chn c 3 theme trn ch active 6. Trn thanh Menu chn Surface => Chn Create TIN from Features
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7. t cc thng s u vo ca m hnh cho tng theme theo cc bng sau
(1) Laichau-h.shp
(2) dc-f48a3.shp
(3) f48a3.shp
8. Bm OK 9. t ng dn cho TIN u ra 10. Bm OK

Trnh by, hin th TIN
Bi tp 6.2.2.
1. Nhp i vo tn m hnh TIN trong danh sch cc layer 2. nh du vo Lines nu mun hin th cc ng c trng ca m hnh. 3. Bm phm Edit => xut hin hp Legend Editor chn mu v kiu ng 4. nh du vo Faces xc nh cc thng s hin th m hnh 5. Bm phm Edit => xut hin hp Legend Editor xc nh li bc v mu hin th ca tng bc. 6. Trong hp Legend Editor, chn Classify xc nh li phng php phn bc v s bc cho thang tng mu (vd. s bc: 7) 7. Hoc l nh cc gi tr chia bc vo hp Value (vd. 200 -500, 500 1000, ). 8. Thay i mu cho tng bc (xem phn 1, 3)
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Bi tp 6.2.3. Tnh ton din tch v th tch khi lng ca mt b mt
1. Chn TIN cn tnh ch active 2. Chn Surface trn thanh Menu 3. Chn Area and Volume Statistics 4. Xc nh cao ca b mt bng (Vd: 250m) => Bm OK 5. La chn ch tnh din tch v th tch b mt pha trn (above) hay pha di (below) ca b mt bng => Bm OK 6. Ghi kt qu u ra trong hp Area and Volume Statistics
Bi tp 6.2.4. To b mt dng Grid t m hnh TIN
1. Chn TIN to Grid ch active 2. Chn Theme trn thanh Menu ca 3D Analyst 3. Chn Convert to Grid 4. Chn ng dn cho Grid u ra 5. t cc thng s u ra cho Grid kt qu (vd. Extent= Same as Display; Cell Size=100 m) 6. Bm OK
Bi tp 6.2.5. To bng a hnh
Compute Hillshade c s dng tnh ton chiu sng ca b mt a hnh khi mt tri mt v tr nht nh. V tr ca mt tri c xc nh bng gi tr gc phng v (azimuth) v cao ca mt tri (altitude). 1. Chn b mt TIN ch active 2. Chn Surface trn thanh Menu 3. Chn Compute Hillshade
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4. Nhp gi tr gc phng v (azimuth) = 315 v cao mt tri (Altitute) = 45 5. Bm Ok 6. S dng cng c get information kim tra gi tr ca cell kt qu
Bi tp 6.2.6. Ni suy ng bnh
ng bnh c ni suy da trn gi tr gia 2 nh ca tam gic, gi tr khong cao u v ng bnh c s do ngi s dng xc nh. 1. Chn b mt TIN ch active 2. Chn Surface trn thanh Menu 3. Chn Create Contours 4. Nhp gi tr khong cao u (Contour interval) = 500 5. Nhp gi tr ng bnh c s (Base contour) = 0 6. Bm Ok
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Phn 7:
Arcview Spatial Analyst
7.1. Gii thiu ArcView Spatial Analyst ArcView Spatial Analyst l mt trong nhng extension ca ArcView GIS cung cp cc cng c chuyn cho cc ng dng v cc php phn tch, x l khng gian. N c s dng trong rt nhiu cc bi ton phn tch khng gian c lin quan n: M hnh ho v phn tch b mt (tnh dc, hng phi, ni suy cc ng t thu, ) M hnh ho v tm cc v tr thch hp Tm ng ngn nht gia hai im Hn ch cc tc ng n mi trng ca cc im nhim Tm cy trng thch hp da trn phn tch c im ca t v nng sut cy trng v.v. 7. 2. Hng dn s dng ArcView Spatial Analyst (A.S.A) Phn ny gm nhng bi tp nh gip hc vin lm quen vi cc cng c v chc nng ca Spatial Analyst. Cc yu cu c bn: - Hc vin quen vi mi trng lm vic ca ArcView - Trong th mc c:\baitapAV\spatial phi c y d liu lin quan n cc bi tp
Bi tp 7.2.1. Lm quen vi mi trng ca A.S.A
Mc ch ca bi ny l hng dn hc vin lm quen vi cc cng c m, hin th v kho st ni dung ca mt Grid theme. 1. Khi ng Spatial Analyst extension 2. M Grid theme Elevgrd trong th mc c:\BaitapAV\spatial 3. Chn Elevgrd theme ch active v nhp p chut m bng ch gii
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4. Thay i mu sc v phn tng mu cao 5. S dng cng c get information kim tra gi tr ca cell
Hin th Elevgrd theme vi sng ti bng cch 6. M Grid theme Hillshd trong th mc c:\BaitapAV\spatial 7. M bng ch gii ca Elevgrd theme 8. Bm vo phm advance v chn Hillshd trong hp Brightness Theme 9. Bm phm OK v Apply To biu gi tr ca Grid 10. Chn Elevgrd theme ch active 11. Bm vo phm Histogram
Bi tp 7.2.2. Ni suy dc
to biu gi tr
Mc ch ca bi ny l hng dn hc vin ni suy gi tr dc t mt grid cao. Nguyn tc ni suy dc ca ASA l xc nh mc thay i ln nht v gi tr ca 1 cell vi cc cell ln cn (3 x 3). 1. M Grid theme Elevgrd trong th mc c:\ BaitapAV \spatial 2. Chn Elevgrd theme ch active 3. Chn Surface trn thanh Menu 4. Chn Derive Slope 5. S dng cng c get information kim tra gi tr ca cell
Grid u ra ca qu trnh ni suy dc mang gi tr mc nh (default) l phn trm dc. Cng thc tnh phn trm dc v dc c trnh by hnh 7.2.2
Hnh 7.2.2. Cng thc tnh dc
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Bi tp 7.2.3.
Tnh gi tr phn trm dc ra
Mc ch ca bi ny l hng dn hc vin s dng cng c Map Calculator trong vic thc hin cc php tnh thay i gi tr ca cell. Theo kt qu ca bi tp 7.2.2, gi tr ca mi cell trong Grid Slope of Elevgrd l gi tr % dc. G tr ca mi cell s c tnh bng cng thc sau: = arctg (Phn trm / 100) Cng c Map Calculator ca ASA s c s dng tnh ton phng trnh trn cho cc gi tr ca cell. Map calculator c s dng nh mt my tnh thng thng tnh ton cc php tnh i s, lng gic, logarithms, p dng cho cc gi tr ca cell. N cng c s dng nh mt cng c chng ghp (overlay) gia cc grid. Nguyn tc c bn ca Map Calculator c m t hnh 7.2.3
Hnh 7.2.3.
1. Chn Analysis trn thanh Menu 2. Chn Map Calculator 3. Trong danh sch cc layers nhp i vo Slope of Elevgrd 4. Chn php / v nh 100 5. Trong hp phng php tnh chn Trigonometry 6. Chn Atan 7. Bm vo Evaluate thc hin php tnh. 8. S dng cng c get information kim tra gi tr ca cell trong Grid kt qu.
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Bi tp 7. 2.4. Ni suy hng phi a hnh
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Hng phi l hng sn dc ca b mt a hnh. ASA xc nh hng phi bng cch tnh hng dc ca 1 cell n cc cell ln cn (3 x 3). Gi tr u ra biu din hng dc theo chiu kim ng h. 0o l hng chnh Bc, 90o l chnh ng, 1. Chn Elevgrd theme ch active 2. Chn Surface trn thanh Menu 3. Chn Derive Aspect 4. S dng cng c get information kim tra gi tr ca cell kt qu
Bi tp 7.2.5. To b mt t cc im mang gi tr
Mt b mt c th c ni suy t cc im mang gi tr thuc tnh. ASA cung cp hai phng php chnh ni suy b mt t cc im mang gi tr l: Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) v Spline IDW: trong phng php ny gi tr ca cc cell trn b mt kt qu s ph thuc vo khong cch ca cell n im. Nhng cell gn im gc s c gi tr ln hn nhng cell xa. Khong cch gii hn tnh ton c th l chu vi xc nh (fix radius) hoc s im gn k (Nearest Neighbors) Spline: l mt phng php ni suy chung nht. N nn b mt i qua nhng im u vo. Phng php ny c s dng tt nht cho ni suy cc b mt un ln nh cao a hnh, cao mt nc, hoc b mt nhim. 1. M Feature theme Soilsamp.shp trong th mc c:\ BaitapAV \spatial 2. M Feature theme thefarm.shp trong th mc c:\ BaitapAV \spatial 3. Chn Soilsamp.shp ch active 4. Chn Surface trn thanh Menu 5. Chn Interpolate Grid 6. Trong hp Output Grid Extent chn Same as thefarm.shp 7. Trong hp Output Grid Cell chn Same as specified below 8. Trong hp Number of row nhp 100 9. Bm OK
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10. Trong hp Interpolate surface chn cc thng s nh hnh 7.2.5
11. Bm OK 12. Lm tng t nh trn vi method l Spline 13. So snh kt qu ca 2 phng php
Bi tp 7.2.6. Xc nh khong cch t nhng v tr cho trc
Bi tp ny hng dn hc vin to ra mt Grid m mi cell mang 1 gi tr khong cch t v tr ca cell n im cho trc. Bi ton ny thng c p dng cho cc trng hp tnh ton gi tr b nh hng theo khong cch. V d: - Phn tch mc nhim bn ca ngun nc: cng gn ngun nc b nhim, mc nh hng cng cao. Trong trng hp , ASA s gip ngi s dng khoanh vi cc khu vc vi nhng mc nh hng khc nhau ph thuc vo khong cch n ngun nc. - Xc nh tt c cc vi nc cu ho trong khong cch l 500m quanh khu vc b chy - Xc nh khong cch i li ca ngi dn xung quanh cc ca hiu 1. M Feature theme Store.shp trong th mc c:\BaitapAV\spatial 2. Chn Store.shp ch active 3. Chn Analysis trn thanh Menu 4. Chn Find Distance
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ng Lin - VIRILA
5. Trong hp Output Grid Extent chn Same as display 6. Trong hp Output Grid Cell size nhp gi tr 100 7. Bm phm Table 8. Bm OK
Bi tp 7.2.7. Xc nh vng gii hn gn nht (Assign Proximity)
T nhng im gc xc nh assign Proximity s khoanh vi vng gii hn quanh cc im sao cho mi mt im trong vng c khong cch ngn nht n im gc tng ng. Bi ton ny thng c ng dng trong vic xc nh cc khu vc phc v hoc khu vc ph sng. 1. M Feature theme Store.shp trong th mc c:\lophoc\spatial 2. Chn Store.shp ch active 3. Chn Analysis trn thanh Menu 4. Chn assign Proximity 5. Trong hp Output Grid Extent chn Same as display 6. Trong hp Output Grid Cell nhp gi tr 100 7. Bm phm Table 8. Bm OK
Bi tp 7.2.8. Tnh mt dn c (Calculate Density)
Cng c Calculate Density tnh ton v phn b gi tr ca cc im u vo trn b mt lin tc. V c bn, php tnh ny c tnh n mi quan h khng gian gia cc im. V d tnh mt dn c da trn cc im dn c mang gi tr tng s dn. Do ngi dn khng ch sng ti im dn c m h khai bo m cn c s i li giao lu gia cc im vi nhau. V vy tnh ton mt dn c trong khu vc nghin cu, ASA phi xc nh v tr ca cc im dn c, mi quan h khng gian gia cc im, s dn ca mi im, v c bao nhiu cell cn chia s mt phn ca tng s dn ti cc im. Nhng cell gn cc im dn c s nhn c phn chia ln hn nhng cell xa.
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1. M Feature theme Pop.shp trong th mc c:\BaitapAV\spatial 2. M Feature theme Lifstyle.shp trong th mc c:\ BaitapAV \spatial 3. Chn Pop.shp ch active 4. Chn Analysis trn thanh Menu 5. Chn Calculate Density 6. Trong hp Output Grid Extent chn Same as Lifstyle.shp 7. Trong hp Output Grid Cell chn nhp gi tr 100 8. Bm phm Table 9. Bm OK
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Ti liu ging dy v GIS

1.1. Gii thiu v Arcview

Pht trin nhng cng c ca Arcview bng ngn ng lp trnh Avenue

Ti liu ging dy v GIS

Ti liu ging dy v GIS

1.2. Cc bi tp thc hnh lm quen vi Arcview

- As a blank project: to mt project mi. - Open an existing project: m mt project c.

Ti liu ging dy v GIS

Ti liu ging dy v GIS

Ti liu ging dy v GIS

trn thanh cng c

trn thanh lnh n.

Xut hin bng thuc tnh ca Theme c chn active

Bi tp 1.2.3. Tm kim d liu

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trn thanh lnh n b la chn trn.

Ti liu ging dy v GIS

Ti liu ging dy v GIS

Ti liu ging dy v GIS

Ti liu ging dy v GIS

Ti liu ging dy v GIS

Lm vic vi d liu dng bng

2.1. Cc bi tp v truy vn v phn tch bng thuc tnh

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Type Number Number Strring Strring Number Number

MaTinh Tentinh Loai Dientich Danso

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Ti liu ging dy v GIS

Ti liu ging dy v GIS

1. Trong ca s View, Add Theme Songsuoi-1N.shp Attribute Table.

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Ti liu ging dy v GIS

Ti liu ging dy v GIS

Ti liu ging dy v GIS

Type Number Number Number Number

Thuy san Dat Xd Dat Gt

- Tnh ton Calculate.t s liu ca cc trng Join.

Ti liu ging dy v GIS

Dat rung = Cayhangnam Thuysan = Trongthuys Dat Xd Dat Gt = Xaydung = Giaothong

Ti liu ging dy v GIS

Ti liu ging dy v GIS

Pha tri ca s chn : Hot Link ( hnh v)

Ti liu ging dy v GIS

Ti liu ging dy v GIS

Chuyn i php chiu - Trnh by v In bn

3.1. Chuyn i php chiu

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Cc ng dng: - c pht trin s dng trong cc bn tng quan v th gii v cc bn chuyn

Ti liu ging dy v GIS

Ti liu ging dy v GIS

Bi tp 3.1.2.1 Chn php chiu Mercator cho bn Th gii

Projections of the world - Trong hp Type chn: Mecator - Nhn OK

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Bi tp 3.1.2.2 i php chiu t Mecator sang php chiu Robinson

Bn th gii s dng php chiu Robinson

Bi tp 3.1.2.3 i php chiu t Robinson sang php chiu Peters

1. Gi nguyn ca s mn hnh kt qu ca Bi tp 3.1.2.2

Ti liu ging dy v GIS

Phn pha di s lit k cc tham s c ca php chiu chn

Bn th gii s dng php chiu Peters

1. Gi nguyn ca s mn hnh kt qu ca Bi tp 3.1.2.3 2. nh du vo Custom trong hp thoi

Projection properties - Trong hp Projection chn:

Ti liu ging dy v GIS

D liu u vo bao gm cc file d liu nm trong ng dn c:\baitapAV\maplayout nh sau: