CONTENTS

1. Introduction .. 2-3 2. Migmatites: processes and morphologies.4-12 2.1 Principle parts 2.2 Types of melting 2.3 Types of Migmatites 2.4 Structure in migmatites 2.5 Texture (microstructure) 3 Geochemistry of migmatites. 13-14 4 Paragenesis 14-15

4.1 Models of formation of migmatites 5.Migmatites in Higher Himalayan Crystalline. 17 6 Migmatites and the generation of granites.. 7.Conclusion 8. References cited 18-19 21-23 21-23

INTRODUCTION
1

The term was coined by Sederholm (1907), and means mixed rock,referring to a mixture of apparently igneous and metamorphic component or frontier between metamorphic and igneous rock. The rocks do indeed do indeed appear mixed,having a dark schistose components(the melanosome) that is intimately associated with light coloured,coarse grained,cm scale layers, veins, pods of poorly schistose material (the leucosome). Only. dehydrated rocks and restite become dry and depleted granulite facies rocks. Many other rocks at high grades develop felsic segregations,and are called Migmatites. It appear to represent the culmination of high grade metamorphism under more hydrous conditions than characterize the granulite facies.Migmatites are best developed in metapelites, but also occur in metamorphosed sandy and arkosic sediments,mafic rocks, and granitoids migmatite is the same material as gneiss, but brought near melting by regional metamorphism so that the veins and layers of minerals became warped. In many cases the darker part of the rock, consisting of biotite mica and hornblende, has been intruded by veins of lighter rock consisting of quartz and feldspar. Migmatites are often thought to represent fossil partially molten source regions of granites. One view is that compositions of mesosomes, melanosomes, and leucosomes represent analogues to parent rocks, residues, and partial melts, respectively.

Fig1. Migmatite on the coast of Saaremaa

The dynamic evolution of orogenic belts at convergent plate boundaries is associated with extensive partial melting of the continental crust as attested by the genesis and exhumation of migmatitic and granitic terranes (Vanderhaeghe , 2001b). Migmatite Granite connection refers usually to mechanism of melt transfer during orogeny The rheologic impact of partial melting affects the mechanics of rocks from the outcrop to the crustal scale whereas melt segregation and magma mobility are considered as the main processes leading to crustal differentiation

2. MIGMATITES: PROCESSES AND MORPHOLOGIES

2.1 Principal parts: Some rocks because they have suitable bulk composition will have
been affected by partial melting whereas others of unsuitable composition will not. Those rocks newly formed by partial melting are called nesosome means new rock; the term is defined as follows a) Neosome: The newly formed parts of a migmatite (metatects and restites). b) Leucosome: The lightest-coloured parts of a migmatite. c) Mesosome: Rock portion of a migmatite,that is intermediate in colour between leucosome and melanosome. If present, the mesosome is mostly a more or less unmodified remnant of the parent rock (protolith) of the migmatite. Mesosome is often described as the relatively little modified schist or gneiss component. d) Melanosome: The darkest parts of a migmatite, usually with prevailing dark minerals. It occurs between two leucosomes or, if remnants of the more or less unmodified parent rock (mesosome) are still present, it is arranged in rims around these remnants.

Fig 2: Parts of migmatite

e)Palaeosome: Part of a migmatite representing the parent rock (cf. mesosome). f)Restite: Remnant of a metamorphic rock from which a substantial amount of the more mobile components have been extracted without being replaced. g) Resister: Rock offering greater resistance to granitisation than another by virtue of its composition or its impenetrable fabric. Whereas restites are rock portions, which have undergone essential changes of their earlier composition, resisters are rocks, which have survived the formation of the surrounding migmatite (or granite) without significant changes to their mineralogical and chemical composition.

ML N S M = ei u E A O O E R sde
3

Fig3: Dark colour restite part

h)Metatect: Discrete, mostly light-coloured body in a migmatite formed by metatexis

2.2 Types

of Melting:

a)Anatexis(slow): differential, or partial, melting of rocks, especially in the forming of metamorphic rocks such as migmatites. b)Metatexis(moderate): Initial stage of anatexis where the parent rock (palaeosome) has been partly split into a more mobile part (metatect) and a non-mobilised (depleted) restite (cf. palaeosome, metatect, restite). c)Diatexis(extensive): Advanced stage of anatexis where the dark-coloured minerals are also involved in melting; the melt formed has not been removed from its place of origin d)Palingenesis: Formation of a new magma by complete or nearly complete melting of preexisting rocks

Fig4: Anatexis

Fig5: Metatexis

Fig6:Diatexis

2.3 Types of Migmatites:

The migmatites can be subdivided into metatexites and diatexites on the basis of their gross primary fabric (e.g. bedding, compositional and lithological layering) of the country rock (i.e. the paleosome). a)Metatexite: Metatexites include rocks that have been affected by limited amount of partial melting as well as rocks affected by much larger degrees of partial melting, but with segregation efficient enough to keep the partially molten rock below the threshold for transition to meltdominated rocks (Sawyer 1994). These various types of metatexites can be distinguished on the 4

basis of the morphology of their pre anatexis structuresMetatexite represent the rheology of a solid b)Diatexite: Diatexite migmatites show widespread textural modification and have lost their pre- anatexis structures, such as continuous bedding or foliation, but have the widespread development of flow structures (Brown1973, Sawyer 1996). Diatexite have the rheology of a magma The transition from rock-dominated metatexite to melt-dominated diatexite rnigmatites is correlated with the disruption of the solid crystal framework (Sawyer 1994;Vanderhaeghe 2001b) in the melt-bearing rock. Therefore, the most important factor in the transition from metatexite to diatexite in migmatites is the development of a pervasive melt fraction throughout a substantial rock volume (Brown 1973) and this may not be simply due to a higher degree of partial melting (Sawyer 1996).

Fig 7: Metatexite-Diatexite division in migmatites

c)Arterite: A type of migmatite where the darker parts are injected by veins of lighter material (leucosomes) introduced from outside.

Fig8:Arterite

d)Venite: A type of migmatite in which the material of the lighter veins (leucosomes) is extracted from the parent rock. e)Phlebite: A veined rock; the veins may have been injected from outside or exuded in situ.

2.4 Structure in Migmatites:

Migmatites are classified structurally on the basis of the relationship between the leucosome and melanosome.:

a)Palimpsest structure: Structure in a migmatite or granitised rock that can be recognised as pre-migmatitic (or pre-granitic).Definition of Mehnert (1968) unchanged. The term is also used inmore general term for relict features .

Fig9: Flake of schist in migmatite

b)Vein-type migmatites: The leucosome forms a fairly random network of distinct veins that separate irregular blocks of melanosome. c)Dictyonite: A type of migmatite with a reticulated structure formed by a network of small veins.

Fig 10. Vein structure

d)Stromatic migmatites : A type of migmatite with regular layers, the layers having two or more different compositions or appearances, for example, the alternation of mesosome and leucosome. In this leucosome forms concordant layers that commonly parallel the schistosityofthe melanosome.Lower temperature migmatites.

Fig 11. Stromatic structure

Fig 12. Breccia structure in agmatite

e)Nebulite:The leucosome occurs as irregularly-shaped patches that grade into melanosome Migmatite with diffuse relics of pre-existing rocks or rock structures.Higher temperature migmatites f)Patch migmatites:The patch migmatites are morphologically more varied than the stromatic migmatites and range from small,irregular patches, <1020 cm across, to dyke networks with individual dykes 3040 cm across and 34m long Most of the patches contain coarse-grained granitic topegmatitic-textured, strongly recrystallized leucosome,containing subhedral to euhedral, poikiloblastichornblende up to 5 cm long.

Fig:Patch leucosome g)Agmatite:Numerous blocks of paleosome are surrounded by subordinate and relatively narrow veins of leucosome.Agmatites are typically enclave-rich zones marginal to granitoid intrusions : Migmatite with breccia-like structure. h)Schollen: In a migmatite, blocks or rafts of palaeosome within the neosome; the structure is similar to agmatite but the neosome is more abundant so that the disrupted blocks float like rafts.

Fig13. Schollen Structure

Some other common structures are 1.Net like structure similar to veins,but accompanied by shear. 2.Raft of matrial that are similar to agmatite,but smaller,more rounded.and commonly sheared. 3.Dilation structure in which leucosome fills openingin stretched competent layers 7

4.Schleiren stretched or sheared irregular streaks of melanoome that tapers at the ends.schleiren is most commonly fond in stromatic migmatites.

Fig 14 . Schleiren Structure

Fig 15. Dilational structure

2.5 Texture(Microstructure):

Texture are important as indicators of processes of migmatization,though they may be profoundly modified by post migmatization events.Migmatite textures are the product of thermal softening of the metamorphic rocks.Various textural properties are: a)Grain Size: Leucosome vary greatly in grain size and usually coarser.Sometimes in parallel with .mesosome.Pegmatitic(coarser)leucosome may grow from aqueous fluids.whilewater saturated melts produce aplitic leucosome.Grain size evolution in anatexites is sensitive to degree of melt segregation.. b)Grain Shape: It defines in the form of aspect ratio.It defines length as as the maximum dimension of a grain in thin section and width as short side enclosing grain.It is able to discriminate between anatectic and non-anatectic trondhjemitoids by aspect ratio of plagioclase. c)Primary replacement textures:Leucosome texture is the replacement of some grains by aggregates of minerals that also occur as primary minerals.K-feldspar is often replaced by a muscovite-quartz intergrowth together with myrmekite(plagioclase-quartz intergrowth).This texture is interpreted in terms of reaction between the cooling melt and mineral crystallizing from it

Fig16: Replacement Texture

d)Idiomorphic zoning in plagioclase:In leucosome,an idiomorphic zone-boundary is found in normally zoned plagioclase.This effect is present in diatexite.Asworth(1976) and McLellan(1983a) use this argument to support an anatectic origin for some leucosome lacking K-feldspar(trondhjemitoidi.e. predominantly quartz+ plagioclase,leucosome)

Fig17: Idiomorphic Zoning in plagioclase

e)Ptygmatic folds :McLellan(1984) notes irregular folding in migmatites which are inferred to have been partly molten when folded. These are formed by highly plastic ductile deformation of the gneissic banding, and thus have little to no relationship to a defined foliation unlike most 9

regular folds. Ptygmatic folds can occur restricted to compositional zones of the migmatite, for instance in fine-grained shale protoliths versus in coarse granoblastic sandy protolith.

Fig 18.:Ptygmatic Fold

3. Geochemistry of Migmatite
Geochemistry of migmatites and granite coupled together permit further expansion of the examination whether migmatites are source or feeder zones for granites(Brown 1994).Granite geochemistry reflect source composition and magma fractionation The occurrence of LILE-, HFSE- and LREE-enriched and -depleted residues within the leucosomes implies that both quartzo-feldspathic and pelitic rocks were subjected to partial melting. Isotope ratios of the leucosomes are rather constant (143Nd/144Nd (500 Ma): 0.5117180.511754, Nd (500 Ma): 3.54 to 5.11) and Sr (87Sr/86Sr (500 Ma): 0.7141190.714686), the metasedimentary units have rather constant Nd isotope ratios (143Nd/144Nd (500 Ma): 0.5116220.511789, Nd (500 Ma): 3.70 to 6.93) but variable Sr isotope ratios Sr (87Sr/86Sr (500 Ma): 0.7135270.722268The leucosomes of the stromatic migmatites are too felsic and too depleted in FeO, MgO and TiO2, and have Zr and REE contents too low to be representative of primary intrusive granitic magmas. 10

Their chemical compositions suggest that they are not the precursor of granitic melts of sizeable masses found in the complex. These intrusive granitic melts, which are derived from metasedimentary sources, usually have higher FeO, TiO2, MgO, LREE, Th, U and Zr contents ( Sawyer, 1996). This study suggests that (1) melts generated in most migmatite terranes are unlikely to represent the precursors of S-type granitic plutons (e.g. Sawyer, 1996) and (2) granitic melts generated in the deeper crust must undergo considerable modification during ascent to achieve the chemical characteristics of pluton-sized granitic bodies. This study also emphasizes that significant volumes of crustally derived melts intrude amphibolite-facies terranes rather than being derived from them. Therefore, because volatile phase-present melting is common in most amphibolite-facies migmatite terranes, it seems unlikely that these terranes are the source for large melt fractions, which constitute larger-sized granite bodies. The REE patterns of leucosomes are very variable. Most leucosomes exhibit a strong positive Eu anomaly , demonstrating the influence of plagioclase on their REE budget. Leucosomes enriched in REE or with rather flat REE patterns lack a Eu anomaly and only the most REE-enriched leucosomes show a slight negative Eu anomaly. Some leucosomes within granulites have high contents of HREE indicative of the presence of garnet as a peritectic or entrained phase The REE patterns of mesosomes and neosomes indicate that these lithologies may have been closed systems (for REE) during the formation of the migmatites. No indication of metasomatic reactions, melt segregation or injection could be detected. Withinthe neosomes, leucosomes are depleted and melanosomes enriched in REE contents. This is interpreted to be due to separation and concentration of accessory minerals (monazite, epidote, allanite, zircon, sphene, apatite, garnet) into the melanosomes. The behaviour of accessory minerals during migmatite formation is closely allied to that of biotite, which is also concentrated in the melanosomes

fig:19 REE pattern of migmatites

11

fig:Geochemisrty of Leucogranite

4. Paragenesis
Migmatites consist of melanosomeswith biotite+sillimanite+garnet+cordierite+hercynite and leucosomes are garnet and cordierite-bearing. Metamorphic grade throughout the area is in the upper amphibolite to lower granulite facies (56 kbar at 730750 C). Field evidence, petrographic observations, chemical data and mass balance calculations suggest that intrusion of granitic magmas and concomitant partial melting of metasedimentary units were the main processes for the generation of the migmatites.Leucosomes in migmatites are often enriched in alkali and alkali earth elements relative to leucogranites. suggesting that concentrations of these elements in leucosomes may not represent those of metapclite- andmetagraywacke-derived partial melts. Migmatites form under extreme temperature conditions during prograde metamorphism, where partial melting occurs in pre-existing rocks The high geothermal gradient inferred from the metamorphic conditions was probably caused by exhumation of deep crustal rocks and contemporaneous intrusion of huge masses of granitoid magmas Migmatites are not crystallized from a totally molten material, and are not generally the result of solid-state reactions. Migmatites are composed of a leucosome, new material crystallized from incipient melting, and a mesosome, old material that resisted melting.The leucosomes are essentially composed of KFeldspar and quartz with minor biotite, muscovite, plagioclase, garnet and sillimanite . The 12

melanosomes are predominantly formed by biotite, quartz and sillimanite with minor plagioclase, garnet, tourmaline, apatite and monazite. Some muscovite grew late in replacement of sillimanite and biotite during retrograde metamorphism Commonly, migmatites occur within extremely deformed rocks that represent the base of eroded mountain chains, typically within Precambrian cratonic blocks. The formation of migmatites has been the subject of many recent studies. The results of these investigations, demonstrating the progress in migmatite researchwithin the last decades, are reviewed in Migmatites, Melting and Metamorphism (edited by Atherton and Gribble, 1983), in Migmatites (edited by Ashworth, 1985) and in volume 6 of the Journal of Metamorphic Geology (1988). As illustrated by Mehnert (1968) migmatites may result from different rockforming processes such as: 1.Metamorphic differentiation at subsolidus temperatures by chemical and/or mechanical processes (Robin, 1979; Ashworth and McLellan, 1985; Lindhand Wahlgren, 1985; Blom, 1988). 2.Metasomatism at subsolidus or hypersolidus conditions( Olsen, 1984, 1985;). 3.Injection of foreign magmas along foliation planes (Sederholm, 1907, 1913, 1934 Barbey et al., 1990). 4.Partial melting (anatexis) with or without segregationof initial melts (Holmquist, 1921; Process require open system Process does not require open system

Process require presence of melt Process does not require presence of melt

Magmatic Injection Metasomatism

Anatexis Metamorphic Differentiation

Winkler,1961; Mehnert, 1968; Johannes and Gupta,1982).

4.1

Model Of Formation of migmatites

(1) The parent rock is a heterogeneous layered paragneiss. During migmatite formation some layers of the gneiss are transformed into neosomes,others remain unchanged and become mesosomes.Mesosomes are migmatite lithologies which have still conserved their metamorphic appearance.

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(2) Neosomes and mesosomes have different chemical compositions which correspond to different rock compositions already present in the paragneiss. The layers remain almost closed systems except for fluids. Changes of non-volatile components are not significantduring migmatisation. An exception may be K20 which seems to be concentrated in the leucosomes of lowgrade migmatites. (3) Leucosomes are leucocratic lithologies of a migmatite and have plutonic appearance. Melanosomes are dark coloured lithologies. They usually occur between leucosomes and mesosomes in form of selvages rich in biotite (Fig. 1). The formation of the plutonic leucosome texture is believed to be due to partial melting processes. (4) The melanosomes are formed by concentrationof biotite at the periphery of the neosomes. The biotitecontent of gneiss layers transformed into neosomes islower than the biotite content of gneiss layers transformed into mesosomes (Johannes, 1988). The wayby which biotite is concentrated in the melanosomes is not yet clear. Biotite may be transported mechanically or by diffusion of Fe and Mg (Ti) in the partial melt(Maaloe, 1992). The reasons for the concentration of biotite in melanosomes are probably different surface energiesof biotite-melt and biotitecrystal contacts

5. Migmatites in Higher Himalayan Crystalline

The Higher Himalayan Crystalline is characterized by an intracontinental ductile shear zone of regional dimension and has also been considered as an extruding channel flow in the middle of lower crust marked by the magmatic zone.Migmatite exhibit extreme flowage in high grade metamorphic within the Higher Himalayan Crystalline(HHC),part of the Himalayan Metamorphic Belt (HMB).The Tertiary Higher Himalayan Leucogranite(HHL) Belt is made up of tourmaline bearing leucogranite and is located along the northern/ upper margin of HMB with Tethyan Sedimentary The rocks of the HHCS are well foliated, amphibolite grade metamorphic rocks which are intruded by Palaeozoic and Tertiary granitoids. The metamorphic rocks are garnet gneiss, garnet-kyanite gneiss, garnet-sillimanite-biotite gneiss, quartzite, schist, amphibolite and marble The HHC consists predominantly of high-grade pelitic migmatites with subordinate calc-silicate rocks, metabasites and granites. The pelitic migmatites are stromatic, with layer-parallel granitic leucosomes and biotite-rich melanosomes. Granite, pegmatite and deformed pegmatite are the igneous rocks. In the upper section, south of Gokyo-Ri, very coarse grained; highly sheared augen gneisses of about 300 m thick are exposed. These rocks are pinkish in color due to abundant pink feldspars. This gneiss could be the Cambro-ordovician granite. The middle section surrounding Namche Bazar is dominated by migmatite with migmatitic biotite gneiss, augen gneiss, granitic gneiss, all carrying more or less sillimanite. The amount of migmatitic granite decreases southward. Numerous layers of calc-silicate rocks and minor quartzite occur throughout the HHC. Small bodies of metabasic rocks are generally conformable to the gneissic and migmatitic layering. Intrusive bodies of biotite and tourmaline leucogranites, rarely exceeding a few tens of metres, occur in great profusion in the upper parts of the HHC. Approximately 3050% of the map area of the Central Crystalline Complex of the Higher Himalayas in Zanskar, Kulu, Lahoul and Kishtwar-Kashmir (NW India) is composed of Miocene leucogranites intruding metamorphic basement rocks. Ultrametamorphism at deeper crustal levels resulted in in situ anatexis, migmitization and lit-par-lit intrusions or stromatic layering within high-grade metasedimentary rocks. Garnet, tourmaline and muscovite-bearing granites locally contain biotite, apatite or kyanite. 14

Leucogranites at higher crustal levels are associated with a widespread network of anastomosing dykes and sills with high tourmaline content Radiometric ages of Himalayan leucogranites (28 12 Ma) follow closely in time a thermal peak of metamorphism (4025 Ma). Inversion of metamorphic isograds during large-scale crustal subduction along several major thrust zones in the Higher Himalayas followed immediately after generation of the leucogranites. The leucogranites are interpreted as anatectic melts of high-grade metamorphic crystalline basement, generated at depth by residual (Barrovian) heat with a large amount of volatile and fluid flux. Frictional heating along the N-dipping Main Central Thrust is not considered a major source of heat for generation of the leucogranites.

6. Migmatites and the generation of granites

The word "melt" describes a crystal-free silicate liquid, whereas magma refers to a silicate liquid which contains suspended crystals.. Felsic magma is a general term used to describe magma that is broadly granitic or tonalitic in composition and contains greater than 10 % of quartz. Magmas which have an initial bulk composition of granite (subequal amounts of K-feldspar, quartz and plagioclase)can give rise to more diverse bulk compositions through the effects of fractional crystallization. Felsic magma bodies may take the form of batholiths, sills, sheets,swarms of plutonic intrusions or migmatite complexes. They form a significant part of the surface exposure of the continental crust. In general, two types of magmatic theories explain the generation of granites: 1) the magmatic theory which states that granite is derived by the crystal fractionation of mafic magma through the steps outlined by Bowen (1928). Thus, if crystal fractionation of a magma of tholeiitic basalt composition were to occur, one of its end products would be granite. 2) The anatectic theory explains the origin of granite by the process of ultra metamorphism and partial melting of crustal rock.Granite that invades and crystallizes in a metasedimentary pile can be the likely source of the fluid and heat that promoted partial melting and migmatization of the surrounding country rocks. significant melting is possible in the upper amphibolite facies provided that there is an excess of H2O (Yardley & Barber, 1991) as well as heat at the peak of metamorphism. It is possible that the stromatic migmatites [metatexites sensu Brown, (1979) represent lower-temperature migmatites and the nebulites are higher-temperature migmatites (diatexites). As more melt is produced during rising temperature, a pervasive melt fraction is produced in the nebulites and hence more effective melt migration is possible (Tracy & Robinson, 1983) Thus, migmatites may result in to granite generation from anatexis of crustal rocks along with segregation,aggregation, ascent and emplacement of resultant magma (Brown,1994).These bodies have also been attributed to the crutal dehydration melting reactions, which involves hydrous reactants give rise to anhydrous melanosome and hydrous silicate melt as leucosomes.Migmatites may represent an arrested stage of granite development in which leucosome did not coalesce to form large scale bodies (Obata et al.,1994).Alternatively, migmatites and granites may not be genetically related (White & Chappel,1994)

15

Fig21`: Intrusion granite dyke

Fig22: A transition from metasedimentary rock via diatexite migmatite to anatectic granitic magma

16

7. Conclusion:
Migmatites are of crucial importance in understanding the genesis of huge volume of granitic magma that are found in batholiths and that make much of continental crust. The migmatites contain a mineralogical and microstructural record of metamorphism and melting along an overall clockwise pressuretemperature evolution Melts generated in most migmatite terranes represent the precursors of S-type granitic pluton Granitic melts generated undergo considerable modification during ascent to achieve the chemical characteristics of pluton-sized granitic bodies Crustal melting and granite generation play important role in crustal recycling and magma differentiation Texture,used sensibly in conjunction with other petrological and field data,can help to elucidate the origin of migmatite with little subsequent metamorphic history,and post migmatization history. Study of mass balance in migmatites indicate that migmatite form either in close system or open system(Oslen,1985).Thi also indicate that local mass transfer was mainly perpendicular to leucosome-melanosome boundary and any external introduction is along the strike of leucosome.

17

 The gradual change between the concentration of mafic material and schlieren-like xenoliths on one side and increasing concentration of melt on the other side might further indicate some separation of melt and residue

Thus, migmatites are widely considered to be examples of assemblages where magma caught in the act of being generated and escaping, thus furnishing unique perspective on fundamental process in the evolution of Earth.

8. References Cited

Ashworth, J.R. and McLellan,E.L., 1985. Textures. In: J.R. Asworth(Editor), Migmatites. Blackie, Glasgow, pp. 180-203. Blom, K.A., 1988. Subsolidus migmatization in high-grade metatuffs(Kurkijarvi, southwest Finland). Lithos, 2 1: 263-278. Brown M.1994.The generation.segregation,ascent and emplacement of granitic magma:the migmatite-tocrustally-derived granite connection in thickened orogens.Earth Science Reviews,36,83-130 Brown M. The petrogenesis of the St. Malo migmatite belt, Armorican Massif, France, with particular reference to the diatexites. Neues Jahrbuch fr Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 1979;135:48-74 Brown M 1973 The De_nition of Metatexis, Diatexis andMigmatite; Proc. Geol. Assoc. 84 371-382 Brown, M., Averkin, Y.A., McLellan, E.L. and Sawyer, E.W., 1995. Melt segregation in migmatites. J. Geophys. Res. 100, pp. 1565515679 Brown, M. and Dallmeyer, R.D., 1996. Rapid Variscon exhumation and the role of magma in core complex formation: southern Brittany metamorphic belt, France. J. Metamorph. Geol. 14, pp. 361379 Burg, J.P., Vanderhaeghe, O., 1993. Structures and way-up criteria in migmatites, withapplication to the Velay dome (French Massif central). Journal of Structural Geology,15, 1293-1301 Clemens and Droop, 1998. J.D. Clemens and G.T.R. Droop , Fluids, P-T paths and the fates of anatectic melts in the Earth's crust. In: J.D. Clemens and D.H. Hutton, Editors, Generation of granitic rocks and deep crustal processes. Lithos 44 (1998), pp. 2136. Ellis D. J., Obata M. Migmatite and melt segregation at Cooma, New South Wales. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1992;83:95-106 Finger F., Clemens J. D. Migmatization and secondary granitic magmas: effects of emplacement and crystallization of primary granitoids in Southern Bohemia, Austria. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 1995;120:311-326

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