Exercise 8

Electric Power System 2003

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Exercise 8
8.1 PW preparation: Currents during unsymmetrical fault in five-bus system Example 7.5 (pp 336) and Example 9.8 (pp 424) describe symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults in a five-bus power system shown on p 339. The per unit zero, positive and negative sequence bus impedance matrices Zbus0, Zbus1 and Zbus2 are:
Zbus0=0.0125 0 0 0 0 Zbus1=0.0280 0.0177 0.0085 0.0123 0.0204 Zbus2=Zbus1 0 0.1089 0 0.0044 0.0112 0.0177 0.0570 0.0136 0.0197 0.0256 0 0 0.0125 0 0 0.0085 0.0136 0.0182 0.0164 0.0123 0 0.0044 0 0.0089 0.0021 0.0123 0.0197 0.0164 0.0236 0.0178 0 0.0112 0 0.0021 0.0158 0.0204 0.0256 0.0123 0.0178 0.0295

Calculate the fault current for an unsymmetrical fault at bus two. Use the bus impedance matrices and a prefault voltage VF=1.05 p.u. to determine Thvenin equivalents of the sequence networks as seen from bus two. Then use the fault currents in the formula sheet to determine the sequence currents at the faulted bus. Do this for: a) Zero impedance single-line to ground fault in phase a. As a comparison, the phase A current is 14.14 p.u. according to Table 9.4 on p 424. b) Zero impedance line to line fault between phases b and c. c) Zero impedance double line to ground fault on phases b and c. 8.2 PW preparation: Voltages during unsymmetrical fault in five-bus system Determine the sequence voltages at buses two and five for an unsymmetrical fault at bus two. Use the expression below (Eq. 9.5.9) with n=2, k=2 and 5:

Vk0 0 Z kn0 Vk1 = VF 0 Vk2 0 0

0 Z kn1 0

0 In0 0 In1 Z kn2 In2

Use the sequence fault currents from Exercise 8.1 for: a) Zero impedance single-line to ground fault in phase a. As a comparison the phase A voltage at bus 5 is 0.7562 p.u. according to Table 9.5 on p 425. b) Zero impedance line to line fault between phases b and c. c) Zero impedance double line to ground fault on phases b and c.

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Exercise 8

Electric Power System 2003

2(2)

8.3 Unsymmetrical faults (Exam 011025 Problem 3) Sequence fault currents (a-c) and phase fault currents (A-C) are shown below as phasors for three different fault types (I-III) all with fault impedance ZF=0.
I2

I2 I0

I0=0

a)

I1

b)
Ib=Ic=0

I1

c)

I0=I1=I2

Ib
B)

Ia=0

Ic

Ib
Ia

Ia=0

Ic

A)

C)

I. Double line-to-ground II. Single line-to-ground III. Line-to-line Combine phasor diagrams with the appropriate fault type. Do this by using the characteristics of the fault types in terms of sequence and phase currents. Mention this characteristic in each case as motivation to your choice. Show how the phase currents and sequence currents are related by drawing how each phase current is composed in the three cases. Prefault currents are zero. Answers 8.1 a) I0=I1=I2=j4.71 p.u. b) I0=0, I1=j9.21 p.u., I2=j9.21 p.u c) I0=j3.82 p.u., I1=j11.12 p.u., I2=j7.30 p.u 8.2 a) Bus 2: V0=0.5131 p.u., V1=0.7818 p.u., V2=0.2682 p.u. Bus 5: V0=0.0528 p.u., V1=0.9296 p.u., V2=0.1204 p.u. b) Bus 2: V0=0, V1=0.5255 p.u., V2=0.5245 p.u. Bus 5: V0=0, V1=0.8145 p.u., V2=0.2355 p.u. c) Bus 2: V0=0.4161 p.u., V1=0.4167 p.u., V2=0.4157 p.u. Bus 5: V0=0.0428 p.u., V1=0.7657 p.u., V2=0.1867 p.u. 8.3 LLG: I+b+C LL: III+a+B SLG: II+c+A
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