Information Booklet Series:

CITY STATE

First Printing, July 2011

Copyright STATE ECONOMIC PLANNING UNIT MELAKA CHIEF MINISTER'S DEPARTMENT MELAKA MALAYSIA All rights reserved. This publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopy. Published in Malaysia by: STATE ECONOMIC PLANNING UNIT MELAKA CHIEF MINISTER'S DEPARTMENT MELAKA MALAYSIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Overview Developed State 2010 Melaka Roadmap 2020 Malaysian Urban Indicators Network (MURNInet) MURNInet Ratings Melaka City State MURNInet Indicators

4 5 6 7 10 11

OVERVIEW
Urban development has traditionally been seen as a national concern. This report shows its international relevance. Cities and towns contribute significantly to climate change - from the fossil fuels used for electricity generation, transport and industrial production, to waste disposal and changes in land use. I commend this report to all concerned with improving the ability of towns and cities to mitigate climate change and adapt to its impacts. How cities and towns are planned affects not just the health and wellbeing of their inhabitants, but the global environment and our prospects for sustainable development. - UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon in UNHabitats Global Report on Human Settlements 2011.

Cities are therefore at the frontline in the drive towards high income. The challenge is to enhance the liveability of cities to ensure that the benefits of agglomeration are not lost to escalating crime, grime and time (congestion). Presently, 67 per cent of the population are living in urban areas. To cater for the increasing density, the Government will ensure that urban areas are vibrant and liveable, complete with the necessary infrastructure and facilities. In this regard, the National Physical Plan 2, which will be finalised this year, will pave the way for more strategic and better planning in the creation of compact yet efficient urban areas.. Datuk Seri Najib Tun Abd Razak, Prime Minister during 10th Malaysia Plan Speech in Parliament, 10.6.2010 The government aims to develop four conurbations in the next five years to attract investment and increase global competitiveness, in line with the 2nd National Physical Plan (NPP). The four conurbations Kuala Lumpur, George Town, Johor Bahru and Kuantan will act as focal points for foreign and domestic investment, given that 75 per cent of peninsular Malaysias population are expected to live in urban areas by 2020. This strategy of concentrated decentralisation will be supported by Melaka and Ipoh, as well as respective state capitals. - Datuk Chor Chee Heung, Minister of Housing and Local Government

After the declaration as a developed state, for the next 10 years Melaka will focus on enhancing its status as a sustainable city by Going Green and becoming a Green Technology City State by the year 2020 - Datuk Seri Mohd Ali bin Mohd Rustam, Chief Minister of Melaka during Melaka Developed State Declaration 20.10.2010 at 20.10 pm

DEVELOPED STATE 2010

MELAKA ROADMAP 2020

GREEN TECHNOLOGY STATE (133 UN-UEA Indicators)

CITY STATE

(23 Indicators MURNInet)

MY BELOVED DEVELOPED GREEN TECHNOLOGY CITY STATE 2020

(185 Indicators 8 sectors)

DEVELOPED STATE

(29 Indicators OECD Benchmark)

MALAYSIAN URBAN INDICATORS NETWORK (MURNInet)

BACKGROUND The rapid rate of development in Malaysia has effected the urban economy, infrastructure and utility, public facilities and the environment which in turn effect the residents quality of life. To achieve sustainable development, urban development needs to balance economic growth with other aspects of urban life which includes housing, education, transportation, public safety and the environment. Sustainability of a city in Malaysia is still hard to measure as there are no criteria or measurement tool for urban sustainability. What is available and similar to sustainability indicators is standards for various sectors that were produced by technical departments. To simplify the usage of these indicators, a Malaysia Urban Indicators Network (MURNInet) application system has been produced. MURNInet was created based on a computer network that was designed to analyze current urban conditions; effects of development, survey temporal change and formulate sustainable urban scenarios for the future based on fixed standards. DEFINITION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT According to the Our Common Future report that was published by The World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED), 1987, sustainable development is a development that fulfils the needs of the current generation taking into account the ability of future generations to fulfil theirs. A main point that is stressed upon in the sustainable development policy is that citizens of the world must live in the carrying capacity of Earth. Basically sustainable development contains two (2) important concepts, which are the concept of needs, especially the basic needs of poor countries and the concept of limitations that are determined by technological advances and social organizations towards the capability of the environment to fulfil current and future needs. Even though there are various differing definitions of sustainable development, one common theme is shared by all of them, which are the environment, futurity and equity. All the definitions also stress that future generations needs to be given compensation for whatever shortcomings caused by the current generation. The issue that is still being debated today is how to implement these compensations. DEFINITION OF A SUSTAINABLE SETTLEMENT Sustainable settlement following the definition of the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (HABITAT) in the Sustainable Settlement Program is 'a settlement that is able to maintain achievement in social, economic and physical development for posterity'. Whereas the definition of sustainable settlement that was articulated by the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) is: 'A metropolitan region that can compete successfully at the global level but still maintains its cultural and environmental uniqueness'. THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT Malaysia, in principle, welcomes the concept of sustainable development. In Malaysia the urban sustainability concept is seen not only from the urban sustainability perspective at the international level but is fully absorbed into the Global Planning and 7

Development Principles that are used by JPBD (Global Planning and Development Guideline [Second Edition] JPBD No 4/2000). This guideline advocates that development planning (including urban) need to contain fairness and equity, kindness, peace and security, cleanliness and beauty, respect of knowledge and always keeping the Creator in mind. 11 urban planning sectors have been chosen to give insight into a major portion of the main principles that are stated in the Global Planning and Development Guideline. DEFINITION OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN INDICATORS Indicators are a measurement that gives concise information about a subject or insight about a specific problem. Indicators are used to show trends and prepare information in a quantative and qualitative form. Indicators that are policy oriented facilitate State Authorities and Local Authorities to give priority towards problematic sectors and map out objectives that are to be reached. Indicators are measurement tools that can be used effectively to enable relevant parties gauge the achievement of a society or city. It shows if the results are progressive or recessive, increasing or decreasing, positive or negative or remain as the status quo (ICLEI 1996). INDICATORS AS A SURVEY TOOL IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT The usage of indicators surveying development towards sustainability is the latest trend practiced in many countries. At the international level, the initiative was implemented comprehensively, especially the urban indicator project that was implemented by the UN Conference on Human Settlements (UNCHS 1996), UN Development Programmess Human Development Reports (UNDP 1996), World Resources Institute (1994), Worldwatch Institute (Brown et. al.1997), World Bank (1996). and OECD (1994). For example, the Lancashire case where indicators were used comprehensively and it played various roles including administration and technical, formation of political objectives; public participation and also surveying action plan implementation. Indicators are also accepted as a necessity for planning and enable the future to be more sustainable at the local and global level. For survey purposes, indicators have to be associated with its objective. Data has to be easily obtainable and also easily prepared as structured information. URBAN INDICATOR CHARACTERISTICS Urban indicators as generated by UNCHS (HABITAT) advocate that gathered indicators have to adhere to the HABITAT Agenda. This is because the indicators that are collected from various countries will be grouped within the Global Urban Indicator Database. Indicator selection of a city needs to take into account the primary indicator that has been proposed by UNCHS (HABITAT) so that a comprehensive and uniform evaluation of a city can be made. Other indicators can be added following local and national requirements and situations. For sustainable urban indicator selection in Malaysia, issues of settlement, policies related to it and indicators that are commonly used by Local Authorities, State Governments and Federal Government would be taken into account. Sustainable urban indicator characteristics are as follows: Easily understood by stakeholders; Can be measured using data that is easily obtainable locally or nationally; Clearly related to the aim of the primary policy and can be changed with the 8

adoption of new policies; Easily collected often and does not cost much; Easily measured and can emphasize the magnitude of the predicament faced; Reliable; Sensitive and van be revised if the situation change; Needs to have a clear definition and refers to specific objectives; Each indicator needs to measure different issues; and Can be easily obtained following a specific area or group.

MURNInet RATINGS

SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS: >80% = SUSTAINABLE 50% - 79% = MODERATELY SUSTAINABLE <50% = LESS SUSTAINABLE

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MELAKA CITY STATE INDICATORS OBJECTIVE 2: TO ENHANCE CITY STATE STATUS (CITY STATE)
SUB-CATEGORIES URBAN DEVELOPMENT AREA DENSITY COMMUNITY RELATION ROAD SAFETY NO 1 SUB-CODE B1-1-1 INDICATOR Urbanization Rate 2010 TBD 2020 TBD

2 3 4

B1-2-1 B4-2-1 B6-1-1

Population Density Civic Hall and Population Ratio Ratio of Road Accident Cases Per 10,000 Population Percentage Of Fatal Road Accident Cases Percentage of C.F.O Approvals Percentage of development budget for tourism projects per capita Local Authority Per Capita Revenue

TBD TBD TBD

TBD TBD TBD

DRIVER AWARENESS LOCAL AUTHORITY SERVICES TOURISM COMMITMENT REVENUE MANAGEMENT

5 6 7

B6-2-1 B7-1-1 B7-2-1

TBD TBD TBD

TBD TBD TBD

B7-3-1

TBD

TBD

B7-3-2

Cash Flow Ratio As Compared To Emoluments Development Expenditure Per Capita Ratio Of Population Per Professionals and Management Officers Percentage of Administration Expenditure As Compared to Revenue Tax Collection Rate Kindergarten and Population Ratio

TBD

TBD

10 11

B7-3-4 B7-3-5

TBD TBD

TBD TBD

12

B7-3-6

TBD

TBD

QUALITY OF LIFE EARLY EDUCATION

13 14

B7-4-1 B4-1-1

TBD TBD

TBD TBD

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SUB-CATEGORIES YOUTH MORAL SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY FAMILY HARMONY EDUCATION WATER MANAGEMENT IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE MANAGEMENT HOUSING

NO 15 16

SUB-CODE B5-1-1 B5-2-1

INDICATOR Ratio of Juvenal Case Per 1,000 Population Ratio of Arrests Due to Social Ills Per 1,000 Population Divorce Rate Per 1,000 Marriages Primary Schoolchildren and Teacher Ratio Water Loss

2010 TBD TBD

2020 TBD TBD

17 18 19

B5-3-1 M3-6-1 B3-1-1

TBD TBD TBD

TBD TBD TBD

20

B3-2-1

Percentage of Flooding Prone Area

TBD

TBD

21 22 23

B2-1-1 B2-1-2 B2-2-1

Average Household Size Ratio of Floor Space Area Per Person Percentage of unsold houses

TBD TBD TBD

TBD TBD TBD

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NOTES

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State Economic Planning Unit Melaka Chief Minister's Department Level 5, Bentara Block Seri Negeri Complex Ayer Keroh, Hang Tuah Jaya 75450 Melaka Malaysia 6-06-3333333 6-06-2312950 www.melaka.gov.my

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