Askari Commercial Bank Ltd

Chapter No: 1

Introduction of Organization

Askari Commercial Bank Ltd

1.1 History of Askari Bank Ltd

Askari Bank was incorporated in Pakistan in October 9, 1991, as a public limited company. It commenced its operations on April 1, 1992, and is principally engaged in the business of banking, as defined in the banking Companies Ordinance, 1962. The Bank is listed on the Karachi, Lahore & Islamabad Stock Exchanges and its share is currently the highest quoted from among the new private sector banks in Pakistan. Askari bank has expanded into a nation wide presence of 57 branches, and on Offshore Banking Unit in Bahrain. The delivery channels for customer services are supported by a shared network of over 250 on-line ATMs covering all major cities in Pakistan. As at December 31, 2003, the Bank had equity of PKR 5.047 billion and total assets of PKR 85.387 billion, with over 350,000 banking customers. To meet the current challenges and prepare for the future, our strategy focused on the following: Increase our market share in most areas of business activity Develop Retail Banking Business Introduce fresh initiatives for Corporate and Investment Banking activity Open an Offshore Banking Unit (OBU) in Bahrain Implement various technology initiatives to enhance customer service Pursue an acquisition opportunity to achieve a manifold increase in the branch network. Despite the difficult operating environment, Askari Bank was able to substantially improve our earnings during 2003 by posting operating profits. Considering our historically high liquidity, our emphasis during 2003 was more on the expansion of our credit portfolio rather than deposit mobilization. During the year, we were also able to successfully implement the two important elements of our credit management strategy: 2

Askari Commercial Bank Ltd (a) Well diversified credit expansion (b) Containing non-performing advances. This was achieved despite intense competition for private sector credit in the market. While some banks were able to achieve substantial growth in consumer financing, our credit expansion was primarily commercial based, as we remained prudent in identifying opportunities for sound consumer lending. However, Askari Bank does realize that the potential for growth in the area of Retail Banking is tremendous, and we will be pursuing a more aggressive stance in 2005.

1.2 Mission & Vision of Askari Bank

To be the leading private sector bank in Pakistan with an international presence, delivering quality service through innovative technology and effective human resource. Management in a modern and progressive organizational culture of meritocracy, maintaining high ethical and professional standards, while providing enhanced value to all our Stakeholders, and contributing to society. Askari Information Systems Limited is an esteemed organization that provides global IT Solutions in software development. Companys Vision is to become an international leader in information technology and provide quality people, products and services with a personal touch.

1.3 Companys Objectives

To achieve sustained growth and profitability in all areas To build and sustain a high performance culture, with a continuous improvement focus. To develop a customer-service oriented culture with special emphasis on customer care and convenience. To build an enabling environment, where employees are motivated to contribute to their full potential To effectively manage and mitigate all kinds of risks inherent in the banking business 3

Askari Commercial Bank Ltd To maximize use of technology to ensure cost-effective operations, efficient management information system, enhanced delivery capability and high service standards. To manage the Bank's portfolio of businesses to achieve strong and sustainable shareholder returns and to continuously build shareholder value. To deliver timely solutions that best meet the customers' financial needs To explore new avenues for growth and profitability

1.4 Strategic Planning

To comprehensively plan for the future to ensure sustained profitability. To facilitate alignment of the Vision, Mission, Corporate Objectives and Corporate Philosophy, with the business goals and objectives To provide strategic initiatives and solutions for projects products, policies and procedures. To provide strategic solutions to mitigate weak areas and to counter threats to profit To identify strategic initiatives and opportunities for profit To create and leverage strategic assets and capabilities of business for competitive advantage 1.5 Corporate Information Lt. Gen. Waseem Ahmed Ashraf Lt. Gen. (R) Masood Parwaiz Mr. Kalim-ur-Rahman Brig (R) Muhammad Shiraz Baig Brig (R) Asmat Ullah Khan Niazi Brig (R) Muhammad Bashir Baz Brig (R) Shaukat Mahmood Chaudhari Mr. Zafar Alam Khan Sumbal Mr. Kashif Mateen Ansari Mr. Muhammad Najam Ali Mr. Muhammad Afzal Munif Chairman Chairman Executive Committee President & Chief Executive Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director growth and

Askari Commercial Bank Ltd

Company Secretary
Mr. Saleem Anwar

Audit Committee
Mr. Mohammad Afzal Munif, FCA Brig (R) Muhammad Shiraz Baig Brig (R) Asmat Ullah Khan Niazi Mr. Zafar Alam Khan Sumbal Chairman Member Member Member

Registered Office /Head Office

AWT Plaza, The Mall, P.O.Box 1084, Rawalpindi. Tel : (051) 9063000 Fax: (051) 9272455 Website: http://www.askaribank.com.pk/

Departments of Organization
Askari Bank having the aim of winning market is functioning with twenty departments at head office. Out of these twenty departments every branch of Askari Bank indifferent areas of country is operating with eight to ten departments. Twenty departments at head office are the following: 1. Administration 2. Audit Branch 3. Central Finance 4. Central Operation 5. Corporate Banking Group 6. Credit Administration 7. Customer Services & Quality 8. Marketing 9. Small & Medium Entp. Group 10. Special Operation Management 11. Division Treasury Operations 12. Division Financial Institution 13. Management Information System 14. Small & Medium Entp. Group 15. Treasury Operations 16. Human Resource Division

Chapter No: 2

Information System of Askari Bank

2.1 Information System of Askari Bank

Information is the life blood of an organization. Managers depend upon accurate accessible and useful information, this requires the information system to be responsive to their unique information needs, to empower them to think and act strategically ,develop effective plans, and make decisions that increase their own and their organizations competitiveness. Today, largely through advances in computer and communications technology, we are living at a time that many people call the information age. One major reason our era is named so is because most working people today have jobs that are information intensive. For example jobs such as teaching, accounting, retailing and managing are all predominantly based on the handling of information. This emphasis differs from that of the earlier decades, in which most jobs involved some type of physical labor applied on farms and factories. Askari information Systems Limited (AIS) has software that manages the leave record of the organization. Organization has a developed web-based application, which will automate the leave management system of Askari Information Systems Limited (AIS).

2.2 Department of Information System

The information system department has to be of fundamental importance. And it turned out not only to be just that but also a department with one of the friendliest atmospheres. Their GM Mr. Kamal Ahmed is him self an inspiration and clearly sets the tone for his department. Information system department is divided into three subdivisions: Billing IS System Enhancement

2.2.1 Billing Once they get the data from customer services and the finance department about the bills of the customers then it is their responsibility to make sure that the bill gets delivered rightly to the customer. This is done in a series of three tasks

a. b. c. 2.2.2 IS

Input data Bill Presentment Bill Processing

Though the IS department has been divided into four main functions 1. 2. 3. 4. MIS LAN/WAN Database Administration Network Maintenance However, these four can be categorized into two main functions: i. ii. System Operations Data Networks

i. System Operations This is there to see to it that if a remote location wants to access a certain piece of information, which is stored centrally, and then it should gain access to it. It does that by covering all of the technicalities regarding the LANs and the WANs and they also manage Askari Bank Information Systems. ii. Data Networks

Once system operations gives access to an external or internal inquiry to their data bank then it is the responsibility of the data networks department to insure connectivity and smooth and secure transfer of data.

2.2.3

System Enhancement

This subdivision is basically indulged in activities like new product development, system enhancement and up gradation, software maintenance. Though they usually

make use of the technology and Research and Development of Nortel but further system enhancement is very much important for Askari Bank.

2.3 Business Activities

Following are the Business Activities implemented in Askari Information Systems. 1) All employees in development department request for leave to their respective project Manager. 2) All employees in marketing department request for leave to the marketing executive. 3) The Project Manager can approve or reject a smaller duration leave request. But he can only recommend a long duration leave request to the General Manager Development. 4) Similarly the Marketing executive can approve or reject a small duration leave request but for a longer duration leave, General Manager Marketing must approve request. 5) The Project Managers and Marketing Executive do the leave request to the GMD and GMM respectively. 6) The General Manager Development and General Manager Marketing can both accept or reject the leave request. 7) The employee in Finance department, Admin department and Human Resource department do the leave request directly to the CEO (Chief executive officer). 8) The General Manager Marketing and General Manager Development do the leave request directly to the CEO. 9) The CEO can approve or reject any of the leave requests. 10) The record of all the approved leave requests is kept and maintained by the Human Resource Manager.

2.4 Leave Management System (For Employees)

A leave management system keeps record of all the information related to leave scheduling, request, approval etc of an employee. Askari information Systems Limited (AIS) has software which keeps record of all the activities related to leave management. Leave Management system will automate the leave management system of the Askari Information Systems Limited (AIS). It is an automated leave management System. On leave request employees can view his/her previous leaves history. Authority user can view employees previous leave history while approving leave application. System automatically keeps check on the late coming and early going employees and provides functionality to administrator to mark half leave of the employee (integration with time and attendance system). Leave Management System will provide efficient way to manage the reports of leaves of the employees. On year completion system will automatically manage the earned leaves and transfer employees earned leave to next year.

2.6 System Development Life Cycle

2.6.1 Feasibility report The MIS manager prepares the Feasibility Report to check cost effectiveness and the required results of developing software.

2.6.2 Specification Requirement MIS manager sees what is required for making system i.e., staff, time, programmes and programmers, PCs and its peripherals. The previous system is analyzed to check what were the short comings due to which new software is required. 2.6.3 System Design At this stage no actual programming is done but you will design the required fields i.e., what are the fields for which entry of data is necessary e.g. name, address etc and

then their queries are designed, modules are formed, data entry forms are made. It is just paper work. 2.6.4 System Construction At this stage actual programming is done. A skeleton of system is made and the programmer programmes the software exactly up to the requirement of the MIS manager. 2.6.5 System Implementation After testing and debugging, the system is implemented, when MIS manager is fully satisfied.

2.7 Information Resource Management

Because so many of the organizations key operations and decision making process depends upon the use of information, Askari Bank perceives it as key resource. One such example of that of Bank Accountant whose skillful handling of information has great effect on the data that is being used to take decisions. Thus along with such tangible assets such as property, plant, equipment, personnel and financial resources-information and knowledge have substantial value to organizations. The term used to describe this view of information is Information Resource Management (IRM): a concept that recognizes information as a key resource that should (as should any vital resource) be properly managed. Other fields also think of their assets in this way. For example the business fields of organizational behavior and human resource management are based on the recognition of an organizations employee as key assets. In IRM, information is seen as a desirable investment that can be used strategically to provide a competitive edge, rather than only as a necessary expense that must be controlled for example it is only through information that Banks take crucial decisions such as whether to invest in a firm or not? etc., MIS is perceived as an area that can generate opportunities or value for the organization, not mainly as a source of problems.

Because MIS is seen as a playing a pivotal role in the future successes of IRM-oriented firms including Banks. The person in charge of the MIS area is often found at the middle managerial level. In this position the information system department participates in strategic planning and other key decisions that are made by the organizations top level managers.

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Chapter No: 3

Management Information System

3.1 Management Information System

Management information system is said to be any system that provides people with either data or information relating to an organizations operations. Information systems support the activities of employees, owners, customers, and other key people in the organizations environment either by effectively processing data to assist with transaction work load or by effectively supplying information to authorized people in a timely manner. For example, the transaction processing (data processing) system used to perform accounting and clerical operations in a Bank or any other organization are information systems. Management Information Systems (software) has become a driving force. It is engine that drives business decision-making. It serves as the basis for modern scientific investigation and engineering problem solving. Today, Management Information System takes on a dual role. It is product, and at the same time, the vehicle for delivering a product. Decision support systems, office information system/office automation system, and knowledge based systems are also viewed as facets of an organizations information system, along with inter organizational electronic data inter change (EDI) system that strategically link a firm to its customer and suppliers.

3.2 Management Information Subsystems

Management Information System include many subsystems such as Decision Support System, Transaction Processing System, management reporting system, Office Automation System, Forecasting System etc however these will be discussed in detail later in the report.

3.3 Data versus Information

Many people use the terms data and information synonymously. However theres a distinct and important difference. Data refers to facts. When data is filtered through one or more processors so that they take on meaning and value to person they become information, it is information rather than data which people use to make decisions.

3.4 Data Processing-Information Cycle

Both computer and human mind act as processors that select data and transform them into meaningful information. As information is generated from data it too becomes a part of the data store. The data processing-information cycle shown above illustrates this. Some of the types of information that may be provided to decision makers after data are transformed into information by computers or some other kind of processing. The format of the information received is often dictated by the needs and preferences of the decision makers.

3.5 Information Technology

Computers are an essential part of modern information systems, and it is virtually impossible to study information systems today without knowing something about them and how it operates. In fact, without computers it is unlikely that information systems would even be considered a serious field of study. Some of the basic components of a computer-based information system described below:

3.6 What is a system?

A system is a set of interrelated components that collectively work together to achieve some common purpose or goal. A CBIS is a collection people, hardware, software, data, and procedures that interact to provide timely data and information , both internally and externally, to authorized people who need it, this information may be required by a client who wants to have the balance of his credit account checked, by an executive who wants to know how much the bank has loaned to a particular company ,or by a human resource manager who wants know the particulars of a certain employee , all these people can get any type of information required through a CBIS in which data is saved in databases and files.

3.7 Components of Computer-Based Information System

A computer-based information system (CBIS) is an information system in which the computer plays a major role. Such a system consists of the following elements:

3.7.1 Hardware The term hardware refers to machinery. This category includes the computer itself, which is often referred to as the central processing unit (CPU), and all of its support equipment. 3.7.2 Software The term software refers to computer programs and the manuals that support them. Computer programs are machine-readable instructions that direct the circuitry within the hardware parts of the CBIS to function in ways that produce useful information from data. 3.7.3 Data Data are facts that are used by programs to produce useful information. Data is generally stored in machine-readable form on disk or tape until the computer needs them. The technical operations of a CBIS consist of items: Input Processing Output Storage

Programs available on a CBIS are either systems software or applications software. Traditionally, programmers write computer programs, users or end users work with the results. A system analyst assesses the computer-related needs of the users and designs systems to meet those needs. To be processed by a CBIS, data must be systematically organized. Usually they arrange into fields, records, files and databases. Data can also be updated in these databases but only authorized persons can do that. 3.7.4 Procedures

Procedures are the policies that govern the operation of a computer system. Procedures often specify the actions that people should take in a step-by-step manner. 3.7.5 People Every CBIS needs people if it is to be useful. Often the most over looked element of the CBIS, people are probably the components that most influence the success or failure of information systems.

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Chapter No: 4

Management Information System

Chapter No: 5

Personnel & Management of Management Information System

5.1 MIS Personnel

The MIS personnel can or cannot be non IT persons. The Information System Manager is present in all departments of the bank. The Management Information System (MIS) Manager looks after the I.T Staff and controls their operations, the planning and implementation of System Development Life Cycle also is done by the Information System Manager. Following are the job titles of people who interact directly with managers and users and in general manage the whole information system-although these are not the only personnel working the I.T Department, many other job titles may be found within this area.

5.1.1 Computers Operations Personnel

These are the people responsible for the day to day operations of Transaction Processing System s, management reporting system, and all other shared multi-user computers. Some of the job titles for the people in this category are the following: i. Computer operations manager/System Manager The computer operations manager is in charge of the entire operations activity. He has the responsibility of hiring and assigning work to the other operations personnel, he is generally a supervisor, he also plans the installation and removal of equipment with consent of the concerned authorities, and generally all other tasks to ensure that data get processed as efficiently as possible. ii. Computers operators They are in charge of running the equipment in the I.T Department. Their job is to load disks and tapes, create backup files and ensure their safe transport to the second

branch of the Bank; they also initiate solutions to equipment malfunctions and similar functions.

iii. Data Entry Personnel These are the people within the banks I.T Department who enter data into the main computer system. iv. System Librarians They are responsible for managing data stored on such media such as disks. Including among these are the backup copies of important programs and data records kept pertaining to the daily transactions of the bank. Accounting data, debit and credit entries, customer info etc.

5.1.2 System Analysts

System Analysts are the technology professionals charged with analyzing, designing and implementing large computer-based information systems. Because they are the crucial interface among users, upper management, and programmers, they must be skilled in business, computers, and other technology-based areas. They must also possess good interpersonal communication skills as they are the one who basically have to communicate with the employees of the organization and perceives whatever they may need in the Information System that is being designed...

5.1.3 Programmers
The computers professional who are specifically charged with writing computer programmers are called programmers. Some of the types of programmers, maintenance programmers, and systems programmers. i. Application Programmers The programmers code the applications programs-the software that serves the direct needs of end-users. Generally it is the systems analyst who initially specifies what programs needed must do. Armed with a set of formal-often technical-specifications from the analyst, the applications programmer then write programs from them.

ii. System Programmers System programmers code the systems software that controls the operation of computer hardware and makes it possible to run applications programs.

5.2 MIS Management

At the top of the computer hierarchy are MIS executives. In Askari Bank Limited I.T Managers or I.T Director is at top of the I.T Department Hierarchy. These MIS executives oversee the full range of MIS-related activities, including Transaction Processing which traditionally accounts for the largest share of the information processing- as well as telecommunication, data administration, and end-user support. 5.2.1 Database Administrators Database administrators are responsible for ensuring that users and programmers have access to the data that they need in order to make decisions or run applications. They are also responsible for ensuring both the integrity and security of the data in the database. Managers and users are likely to have to contact and work with database administrators in order to gain access to the data they need.

5.2.2 Telecommunications and Network Management/Network Administrator

Telecommunications mangers and network managers/Network Administrators are responsible for meeting the data communications needs of users in the organization. The increasing trend toward networking and distributed processing has increased the importance of these positions.

5.3 Duties of MIS Personnel

They manage information inflow from start of any work to its final destination and scrutinize all the information. They generate report for a top manager e.g. is target matched or not? Audit: they scrutinize the systems that are already present for the purpose of compliance of system in bank.

Payrolls: it is made on MIS. In it information about employees, his salary allowances, deductions, provided fund, tax, net and gross salary is recorded and is given to employees in printed form. Communication: E-mail is used with URL i.e., www.askaribank.com.pk Through ASKARI BANK lines

They dont use a secret net connection b/c they dont have web-based server and they use dial-up connections.

5.4 Data Management

The issue of how to manage data receives a great deal of attention from information system professionals. Managerial decision making is likely to be more effective when managers are able to quickly access the data they need on demand. Most of the other databases data has been stored on computer-files and databases. These databases include: Customer/client databases Employee databases Accounting databases Credit databases

Data has been physically stored on a variety of media, including magnetic disks, compact Discs and paper such as business forms, memos and reports. However it has been experienced that Computer based storage offers several advantages over paper based storage, such as abilities to; store data compactly and efficiently quickly edit and modify stored data make backup copies rapid access

5.5 File Based Management System

File processing refers to an environment in which data is physically organized into files (collection of related records). The file processing environment is linked to the specific application programs that are being used in the organization. These data and files are shared by many application programs. Although file management is done manually as files on the computer cannot be manually signed, but files are also created on computer for record and references. Files made on FMBS include:Basic borrowers fact sheet (personal & professional record) Their Securities (legal documents are manually kept0 Correspondent Files Credit Files Legal Files

Working Askari Bank uses a file processing system with different customer files for example: checking, savings and loans. Often, customers call the bank questions on several of their accounts. Suppose the customer called in with questions about his or her savings, checking, and loan account. Service representative now has to go through the following procedure: Enter the checking-account-balance program Get the required checking Information Leave program Enter saving-account-balance program Get the required saving Information and leave program Enter loan-account-balance program Get the required loan Information and leave program

5.6 Data Based management System

Database management system is a collection of software that has been designed to provide a systematic and flexible approach to organizing and access to data that could possibly exist as separate files In database management all of the Information is put into a central database and only one program or file entry is required. When a customer makes an enquiry all the checking, savings and loan data are instantly available. DBMS has not yet been fully implemented in Askari Bank and will be used when web-access is made. It is used for references only and soft copies are made for example a credit database may include: Name Location approval authority of credit expiry/tenure securities sort of finance

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Chapter No: 6

Hardware

6.1 Hardware Resources

Hardware resources include all physical devices and material used in information processing. Specifically, it includes not only machines, such as computer and other equipment, but also data media. That is tangible objects on which data is recorded, from paper sheet into magnetic disks. Examples of hardware, which Askari Bank is using in Pakistan, are as follows:

6.1.1 Main Server

Processor Processor Capable Cache RAM Installed Server Internal Storage Capacity Slots Ports Network Interface Card CD-ROM Floppy Drive Display Printer 1x Intel Xeon DP 2.4 GHz (400 MHz Front Side Bus) 2 (DP) 512KB built-in-on motherboard 1 GB PC2100 ECC 266 MHz Registered DDR (ECC Chip Kill) Five Ultra 320 SCSI enabled Bays 5 Four USB, 1 Keyboard, 1 Mouse, 1 Parallel, 2 Serial, 1 Graphic, 2 x Ethernet 2 x Gigabit Ethernet 10/100/1000, 64 Bit Full Duplex, Wake on LAN (Integrated) DVD-RW 1.44 MB Floppy Drive 17 Display Laser Jet 1200 HP

6.1.2 Client Computers All client computers which are using in Askari Bank are IBM Compatible with following configurations: Intel/Celeron 650 MHz (P-3) 128 MB RAM (Memory) 20 GB HDD (Hard Disk Drive) Window 2000 Professional

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Chapter No: 7

Software

7.1 Software Resources

Askari Bank software resources include all set of information processing instructions. This generic concept of software include not only the set of operating instruction called computer program, which direct and control computer hardware, but also the sets of information processing instructions called procedures that people need.

Computer Program

A computer program or software program is a step-by-step list of instructions written for particular computer architecture in a particular computer programming language. The term "program" specifically refers to the blocks of instruction code that are loaded into memory for execution by an interpreter. Instruction can be defined as command given to computer. All programs on a computer system can break down into two main categories: 1. System software 2. Application software 7.1.1 System Software System software is a generic term referring to any computer software whose purpose is to help run the computer system. Most of it is responsible directly for controlling, integrating, and managing the individual hardware components of a computer system. System software is opposed to application software that helps solve user problems directly. System software is the operating software, which Askari Bank use to control and supports the operation of a computer system. SQL Server 2000 (For Database Server) and Window 2000 (For Normal Server/Clients) are using as system software in Askari Bank. System software performs tasks like transferring data from memory to disk, or rendering text onto a display. Specific kinds of system software include loading programs, operating systems, device drivers, programming tools, compilers, assemblers, linkers, and utilities. System software can be stored on non-volatile storage on integrated circuits that is usually termed firmware. 7.1.2 Application Software Application software is a subclass of computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly to a task that the user wishes to perform. Application software includes user-oriented programs. Application software includes the programs, software packages,

and tools needed for such specific, end-user-oriented tasks as billing, accounts receivable, word processing, payroll, database management. Two main categories of application software exist. i. General-purpose application software It includes programs and packages that are being used by workers in the organizations subunits such as word processing spreadsheets, database or file management, and presentation graphics. These are more likely to be purchased externally than developed internally by the organization. ii. Special-purpose application software It includes programs and packages that support the activities of workers in a particular subunit. Accounting debiting and crediting entries, softwares used in ATMs, and payroll are usually called Special-purpose softwares as these softwares have been developed for special purpose operations and have to be custom made according to the organizations requirements. This kind of software is being used by a limited number of users or subunits than are in general-purpose applications. The following application softwares are used by Askari Bank: Microsoft Access Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel SQL 2000

Usually, SQL server 2000 is used as backend database server by Askari Bank for their database through which data is record, retrieve, edit, or delete etc.

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Chapter No: 8

Networking

8.1 Networking
A network consist of two or more computers connected together on a desk or it can consist of many Local Area Networks (LANs) connected together to form a Wide Area Network (WAN) across a continent. In the Askari Bank all the workstations within the Bank are connected through Local Area Network (LAN). The bank has over 107 branches all over the country which have been linked through Microwave or Phone lines, Satellites and most of the connections have been provided by Comsat.

8.1.1 Local Area Network (LANs)

Local Area Networks - a system of computers that share resources such as hard-drives, printers, data, CPU power, fax/modem, applications, etc... They usually have distributed processing - means that there are many desktop computers in the Askari Bank which are distributed around the network and that there is no central processor machine (mainframe).

The components used by LANs in Askari Bank can be divided into cabling standards, hardware and protocols. Following are components which are using in Askari Bank:

Coaxial cables Bayo Nette Connector (BNC) Star Topology Bridges Ethernet Hubs or Multi-port repeaters

But in some departments of Askari Bank Fiber-Optics cable is using for high speed data transfer rate. Data remain accurate when it passes through it, because it has high bandwidth, no problem with EMI, durable cables, and cable run as long as several kilometer. The size of optical fiber is very small just like a human hair.

8.1.2 Topology
The physical topology of a network of Askari Bank is configuration of cables, computers, and other peripherals. Physical topology should not be confused with logical topology which is the method used to pass information between workstations. Basically, Askari Bank is using star topology in their most departments. So, thats why I will discuss the star topology which is given below:

i. Star Topology
Star network is one of the most common computer network topology which is used in Askari Bank. In its simplest form, star network consists of one central, or hub computer which acts as a router to transmit messages. A star network requires each node of a network to be connected to the central file server or host via a single cable. To enable this connection to take place, a piece of equipment called a 'hub' is used. Each cable leading from a node is plugged into the hub and a single cable is used to link the hub to the file server node. Thus each node has its own direct connection but congestion can occur between the hub and the file server. Advantages of a Star Topology

Easy to install and wire. Easy to implement and extend, even in large networks Easy to detect faults and to remove parts. No disruptions to the network then connecting or removing devices. The failure of a non-central node will not have major effects on the functionality of the network.

Disadvantages of a Star Topology

Requires more cable length than a linear topology. If the hub or concentrator fails, nodes attached are disabled. Maintenance costs may be higher in the long run. Failure of the c node can disable the entire network. More expensive than linear bus topologies because of the cost of the concentrators.

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