Evaporation and condensation are the same process going in different directions: evaporation is the process of a liquid turning

into a gas, and condensation is the process of a gas turning into a liquid. The term evaporation refers to the process when it is unforced: evaporation occurs well below the boiling point, as can be seen in daily life. These processes are studied as a part of the larger field of thermodynamics. Each substance will have its own energies of condensation and evaporation, due to the size and bond structure of the molecules. Evaporation occurs with those molecules of a liquid that have greater kinetic energy. These molecules can have enough energy to escape the surface tension of the liquid and the attractive molecular forces within the liquid. The escape of the more energetic particles will make the average temperature of the remaining particles less, since temperature is an expression of kinetic energy. This is why wiping one's forehead with a cool cloth will cause a decrease in temperature. The evaporation process is the same process that rules the escape of particles into space from Earth's atmosphere; it explains why there is not much free hydrogen or helium in the air on this planet. Condensation is the opposite process: it involves gaseous molecules cooling down to the liquid stage. This process requires the mass of molecules to give up a certain amount of heat, which was equal to the heat they would have had to gain to be vaporized or evaporated. The energy goes into the molecular organization and strength of bonds present in a liquid but not present in the equivalent gas. The heat given up is the same as the work going into the molecular attraction when the molecules are in liquid form. Evaporation and condensation can be seen in simple things, from the water beads on a glass on a hot summer's day to the steam on the mirror after a hot shower. They are widely used in heating and cooling technologies, including refrigeration and some forms of climate control. In some parts of the country, buildings are heated and cooled on the same steam system, which will run in condensing reverse in the summer from its winter evaporative steam heating procedure. Evaporating and recondensing are also used in purification systems: the system may be heated to the point where much of the water (or other desired liquid) evaporates off. The air containing the evaporated molecules is then shunted into a different region, where it is cooled to condensation in a purer form. This process is used industrially on waters and alcohols, among other substances.