Traffic Capacity

Fundamentals of Cellular Network Planning

Traffic Capacity

Mobile Communication Division

n-1

(k+1)

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Traffic Capacity

Telephone System
blocked call
attempts

subscriber
1

sub 1

sub 2

line to PSTN

sub 4

automatic
switch

sub 3

observation period, e.g.

main busy hour (MBH)

Parameters:
:
:
1/:

arrival rate [1/h]

release rate [1/h]
mean holding time [sec]

Mobile Communication Division

time

"offered" traffic = # of calls arriving in MBH

mean holding time
= 1/
[Erlang]

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Traffic Capacity

Offered Traffic and Traffic Capacity

Offered
Traffic ()

Loss System
(n slots)

Handled
Traffic (T)
T=-R

Rejected Traffic (R)

t Handled Traffic, Traffic Capacity: T

t Blocking Probability, Grade of Service (GoS): pblock = R /
t System load: = T / n, i.e. T < n

Mobile Communication Division

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Traffic Capacity

Definition of Erlang
t ERLANG : Unit used to quantify traffic

T = (resource usage duration)/(total observation duration) [ERLANG]

Mobile Communication Division

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Traffic Capacity

Call Mix and Erlang Calculation

t CALL MIX EXAMPLE
l
l
l
l

350 call/hour
3 LU/call
TCH duration : 85 sec
SDCCH duration : 4,5 sec

t ERLANG COMPUTATION
l TCH = (350 * 85)/3600 = 8,26 ERLANG
l SDCCH = [ (350 + 350*3) * 4,5 ] / 3600 = 1.75 ERLANG

Mobile Communication Division

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Traffic Capacity

Definition of Erlang B
t ERLANG B LAW
t Relationship between
l Offered traffic
l Number of resources
l Blocking rate

Mobile Communication Division

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Traffic Capacity

t call request arrival rate (and leaving) is not stable

n number of resources = average number of requests
mean duration
n is sometime not sufficent => probability of blocking

t => Erlang B law

n Pblock : blocking probability
n N : number of resources
n E : offered traffic [Erlang]
n Calculated with Excel - Makro or Table
Mobile Communication Division

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Traffic Capacity

Erlangs Formula
t How to calculate the traffic capacity T?
t Basics: Markov Chain (queue statistics)

p0

p1

p2

pi
3

no call
established

pn
n

i channels
occupied

all channels
occupied

t Calculation of the blocking probability using Erlangs

formula (Erlang B statistics):

n
p block =
n!

i = 0 i!
n

t Varation of until pblock reached: T

Mobile Communication Division

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Traffic Capacity

Blocking Probability (Erlang B)

Nr. of
channels
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
30
35
40
45
50

Blocking Probability Erlang B

0.1%
0.2%
0.5%
0.001
0.046
0.194
0.439
0.762
1.146
1.579
2.051
2.557
3.092
3.651
4.231
4.831
5.446
6.077
6.721
7.378
8.046
8.724
9.411
10.108
10.812
11.524
12.243
12.969
16.684
20.517
24.444
28.447
32.512

Mobile Communication Division

0.002
0.065
0.249
0.535
0.900
1.325
1.798
2.311
2.855
3.427
4.022
4.637
5.270
5.919
6.582
7.258
7.946
8.644
9.351
10.068
10.793
11.525
12.265
13.011
13.763
17.606
21.559
25.599
29.708
33.876

0.005
0.105
0.349
0.701
1.132
1.622
2.157
2.730
3.333
3.961
4.610
5.279
5.964
6.663
7.376
8.099
8.834
9.578
10.331
11.092
11.860
12.635
13.416
14.204
14.997
19.034
23.169
27.382
31.656
35.982

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

10%

15%

20%

50%

0.010
0.153
0.455
0.869
1.361
1.909
2.501
3.128
3.783
4.461
5.160
5.876
6.607
7.352
8.108
8.875
9.652
10.437
11.230
12.031
12.838
13.651
14.470
15.295
16.125
20.337
24.638
29.007
33.432
37.901

0.020
0.223
0.602
1.092
1.657
2.276
2.935
3.627
4.345
5.084
5.842
6.615
7.402
8.200
9.010
9.828
10.656
11.491
12.333
13.182
14.036
14.896
15.761
16.631
17.505
21.932
26.435
30.997
35.607
40.255

0.031
0.282
0.715
1.259
1.875
2.543
3.250
3.987
4.748
5.529
6.328
7.141
7.967
8.803
9.650
10.505
11.368
12.238
13.115
13.997
14.885
15.778
16.675
17.577
18.483
23.062
27.711
32.412
37.155
41.933

0.042
0.333
0.812
1.399
2.057
2.765
3.509
4.283
5.080
5.895
6.727
7.573
8.430
9.298
10.174
11.059
11.952
12.850
13.755
14.665
15.581
16.500
17.425
18.353
19.284
23.990
28.758
33.575
38.430
43.316

0.053
0.381
0.899
1.525
2.218
2.960
3.738
4.543
5.370
6.216
7.076
7.950
8.835
9.730
10.633
11.544
12.461
13.385
14.315
15.249
16.189
17.132
18.080
19.031
19.985
24.802
29.677
34.596
39.550
44.533

0.111
0.595
1.271
2.045
2.881
3.758
4.666
5.597
6.546
7.511
8.487
9.474
10.470
11.473
12.484
13.500
14.522
15.548
16.579
17.613
18.651
19.692
20.737
21.784
22.833
28.113
33.434
38.787
44.165
49.562

0.176
0.796
1.602
2.501
3.454
4.445
5.461
6.498
7.551
8.616
9.691
10.776
11.867
12.965
14.068
15.176
16.289
17.405
18.525
19.647
20.773
21.901
23.031
24.164
25.298
30.995
36.723
42.475
48.245
54.029

0.250
1.000
1.930
2.945
4.010
5.109
6.230
7.369
8.522
9.685
10.857
12.036
13.222
14.413
15.608
16.807
18.010
19.216
20.424
21.635
22.848
24.064
25.281
26.499
27.720
33.840
39.985
46.147
52.322
58.508

1.000
2.732
4.591
6.501
8.437
10.389
12.351
14.320
16.294
18.273
20.254
22.238
24.224
26.212
28.201
30.191
32.182
34.173
36.166
38.159
40.153
42.147
44.142
46.137
48.132
58.113
68.099
78.088
88.079
98.072

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Traffic Capacity

BTS Traffic Capacity (Full Rate)

Number of
TRX
SDCCH
1
4
2
8
3
8
4
16
5
16
6
24
7
24
8
32

Mobile Communication Division

TCH
7
14
22
29
37
44
52
59

Speech Traffic (Erlang

1%
2%
2.501
2.935
7.352
8.2
13.651
14.896
19.487
21.039
26.379
28.254
32.543
34.682
39.7
42.124
46.039
48.7

B)
5%
3.738
9.73
17.132
23.833
31.64
38.557
46.533
53.559

Signalling Traffic (Erlang B)

0.1%
0.2%
0.5%
0.439
0.535
0.701
2.051
2.311
2.73
2.051
2.311
2.73
6.721
7.258
8.099
6.721
7.258
8.099
12.243
13.011
14.204
12.243
13.011
14.204
18.205
19.176
20.678

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