s

mu @

MCS@51 8-BIT CONTROL-ORIENTED MICROCONTROLLERS

Commercial/Express 8031AH18051AH18051AHP 8032N+18052N-I 8751W8751H-8 8751BW8752BI-I

s High Performance HMOS Process s Internal Timers/Event Counters s 2-Level interrupt Priority Structure s 32 1/0 Lines (Four 8-Bit Ports) s 64K External Program Memory Space s Security Feature Protects EPROM Parts

s Boolean Processor s Bit-Addressable RAM s Programmable Full Duplex Serial

Channel
s 111 Instructions (64 Single-Cycle) s s Extended Temperature Range

64K External Data Memory Space (40C to +85C)

Against Software Piracy

The MCS@51 controllers are optimized for control applications. Byte-processing and numerical operations on small data structures are facilitated by a variety of fast addressing modes for accessing the internal RAM. The instruction set provides a convenient menu of 8-bit arithmetic instructions, including multiply and divide instructions. Extensive on-chip support is provided for one-bit variables as a separate data type, allowing direct bit manipulation and testing in control and logic systems that require Boolean processing. The 8751H is an EPROM version of the 8051AH. It has 4 Kbytes of electrically programmable ROM which can be erased with ultraviolet light. His fully compatible with the 8051AH but incorporates one additional feature: a Program Memory Security bit that can be used to protect the EPROM against unauthorized readout. The 8751 H-8 is identical to the 8751 H but only operates up to 8 MHz. The 8051AHP is identical to the 8051AH with the exception of the Protection Feature. To incorporate this Protection Feature, program verification has been disabled and external memory accesses have been limited to 4K. The 8052AH is an enhanced version of the 8051AH. It is backwards compatible with the 8051AH and is fabricated with HMOS II technology. The 8052AH enhancements are listed in the table below. Also refer to this table for the ROM, ROMless and-EPROM versions of each product. Device 8031AH 8051AH 6051AHP 8751 H 8751 H-8 6751 BH 8032AH 6052AH 8752BH Intsrnal Memory Program none 4K X 8 ROM 4K X 6 ROM 4K X 8 EPROM 4K X 8 EPROM 4K X 8 EPROM none 8K X 8 ROM 8K X 8 EPROM Data 128 X 8 RAM 128 X 8 RAM 128 X 8 RAM 128 X 8 RAM 128 X 6 RAM 128 X 8 RAM 256 X 6 RAM 256 X 8 RAM 256 X 8 RAM Timera/ Event Counters 2 x 18-Bit 2 x 16-Bit 2 x 16-Bit 2 x 16-Bit 2 x 16-Bit 2 x 16-Bit 3 x 16-Bit 3 x 16-Bit 3 x 16-Bit Interrupts 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6

Intel Corporationassumes no responsibility the use of any circuit~ other than circuitryembodied in an Intel product.No other circuitpatent for licenses are implied.Informationcontained herein supersedes previouslypublishedspecificationson theaa davices from Intel. O INTEL CORPORATION, 1994 October 1994 Order Numben 272318-002

MCS 51 CONTROLLER

MO-M

P2.&P2 7

I
I

JK2U 1==4 ~Mf2#fi+-oN,TMoD,TJ

Acc

fl

13 I I

II

,,

STACK POINTER

+1

L-J

1
I
PSEN
ALE

%
TyG g~ E

ml ... ,, I ,

<>1

77

.. . 9

RST-+

i-

* h-+ T

,,(-1

n
--% =2

I P0nT3 II 119
LATCH

w
x =

PI O*1 7

Pm 3 LHvI!RS

7
W

I ..

P] O-P3 7

272318-1

Figure 1. MCSI@ Controller Block Diagram 51

PROCESS INFORMATION
The 8031AH/8051AH and 8032AH/8052AH devices are manufactured on P414.1, an HMOS II process. The 8751H/8751 H-8 devices are manufactured on P421.X, an HMOS-E process. The 8751BH and 8752BH devices are manufactured on P422. Additional process and reliability information is availQ able in Intels Componentsuality and Reliability Handbook, Order No, 210997.

MCS@ 51 CONTROLLER

PACKAGES
Part 8051AH 8031AH 8052AH 8032AH 6752BH* 8751H 8751 H-8 8051AHP 8751 BH Prefix P D N Package Type 40-Pin Plastic DIP 40-Pin CERDIP 44-Pin PLCC
ja Ojc

45chV 4!5CIW 46C/W

16C/W 15CAIV 18CfW

D P D P N

40-Pin CERDIP 40-Pin Plastic DIP 40-Pin CERDIP 40-Pin Plastic DIP 44-Pin PLCC

45CIW 45CIW 45c/w 36CIW 47C1W

45CIW 16CfW 15cf w 12cf w 16Cf W

NOTE: *8752BHis 36/10 for D, and 38/22 for N. All thermal impedance data is approximate for static air conditions at IW of power dissipation. Values will change depending on operating conditions and application. See the Intel Pac/raging Handbook (Order Number 240800) for a description of Intels thermal impedance test methodology.

~5280320NL

L{

~
40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 Vcc P, ADO PO.1 AD1 PO.2 A02 PO.3 A03 PO.4 AD4 PO.5 AD5 P06 AD 3 PO.7A07 3 EIJvpp Z ALEIPROG 3%FFI 3 P2.7 A15 2 P2.6A14 3 P2.5 A13 I P2.4 A12 1 P2.3 Al 1 > P2.2 AlO 3 P2 1 A9 X P20 A8

T2 T2EX

1
ss+!-29 26 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 EPROM only q *Do not connect

PI. P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1,6 P1.7 RST RU2 P3.O TXD P3.1 INTO P3.2 INT1 P3,3 TOP3 4 11 P3.5 ~ P3.6 t% P3.7 XTAL2 XTAL1

I__ll
1

2 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 16 19

PI.6 ::8:; P*,7 .:,.: RST io; (Rxo) P3.O :ji: .1:; :ji; :!;; :j:; fTo) P3.4 :>!:

neaslvsd** fTXD) P3.1 (INTo) P3.2 (INT1) P3.3

8X5X

272318-2

DIP
reserved pins.

PLCC

Figure 2. MCS@51 Controller Connections

MCS 51 CONTROLLER

w PIN DESCRIPTIONS
Vcc: Supply voltage. Vss: Circuit ground. Port O:Port O is an 8-bit open drain bidirectional 1/0 port. As an output port each pin can sink 8 LS TTL inputs. Port Opins that have 1s written to them float, and in that state can be used as high-impedance inputs. Port O is also the multiplexed low-order address and data bus during accesses to external Program and Data Memory. In this application it uses strong internal pullups when emitting 1s and can source and sink 8 LS TTL inputs. Port O also receives the code bytes during programming of the EPROM parts, and outputs the code bytes during program verification of the ROM and EPROM parts. External pullups are required during program verification. Port 1: Port 1 is an 8-bit bidirectional 1/0 port with internal pullups, The Port 1 output buffers can sink/ source 4 LS TTL inputs. Port 1 pins that have 1s written to them are pulled high by the internal pullUPS,and in that state can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 1 pins that are externally pulled low will source current (IIL on the data sheet) because of the internal pullups. Port 1 also receives the low-order address bytes during programming of the EPROM parts and during program verification of the ROM and EPROM parts. In the 8032AH, 8052AH and 8752BH, Port 1 pins P1.O and P1.1 also serve the T2 and T2EX functions, respectively. Port 2 emits the high-order address byte during fetches from external Program Memory and during accesses to external Data Memory that use 16-bit addresses (MOVX @DPTR). In this application it uses strong internal pullups when emitting 1s. During accesses to external Data Memory that use 8-bit addresses (MOVX @Ri),Port 2 emits the contents of the P2 Special Function Register. Port 2 also receives the high-order address bits during programming of the EPROM parts and during program verification of the ROM and EPROM parts. The protection feature of the 8051AHP causes bits P2.4 through P2.7 to be forced to O,effectively limiting external Data and Code space to 4K each during external accesses. Port 3: Port 3 is an 8-bit bidirectional l/O port with internal pullups. The Port 3 output buffers can sink/ source 4 LS TTL inputs. Port 3 pins that have 1s written to them are pulled high by the internal pullUPS,and in that state can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 3 pins that are externally pulled low will source current (IIL on the data sheet) because of the pullups. Port 3 also serves the functions of various special features of the MCS 51 Family, as listed below: Port Pin P3,0 P3.1 P3.2 P3,3 P3.4 P3.5 P3.6 P3.7 Alternative Function RXD (serial input port) TXD (serial output port) INTO(external interrupt O) INT1 (external interrupt 1) TO(Timer Oexternal input) T1 (Timer 1 external input) WR (external data memory write strobe) ~ (external data memory read strobe)

Port Pin P1.0 P1.1

Alternative Function T2 (Timer/Counter 2 External Input) T2EX (Timer/Counter 2 Capture/Reload Trigger)

RST: Reset input. A high on this pin for two machine cycles while the oscillator is running resets the device, ALE/PROG: Address Latch Enable output pulse for latching the low byte of the address during accesses to external memory. This pin is also the program pulse input (PROG) during programming of the EPROM parts. In normal operation ALE is emitted at a constant rate of 1/6the oscillator frequency, and may be used for external timing or clocking purposes. Note, however, that one ALE pulse is skipped during each access to external Data Memory.

Port 2: Port 2 is an 8-bit bidirectional l/O port with internal pullups. The Port 2 output buffers can sink/ source 4 LS TTL inputs. Porl 2 pins that have 1s written to them are pulled high by the internal pullUPS,and in that state can be used as inputs. As inputs, Port 2 pins that are externally pulled low will source current (IIL on the data sheet) because of the internal pullups.

MCS 51 CONTROLLER w
PSEN: Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external Program Memory. When the device is executing code from external Program Memory, PSEN is activated twice each machine cycle, except that two PSEN activations are skipped during each access to external Data Memory ~/Vpp: External Access enable ~ must be strapped to VSS in order to enable any MCS 51 device to fetch code from external Program memory locations starting at OOOOH to FFFFH. ~ must up be strapped to VCCfor internal program execution. Note, however, that if the Security Bit in the EPROM devices is programmed, the device will not fetch code from any location in external Program Memory. This pin also receives the programming supply voltage (VPP) during programming of the EPROM parts.
C2 I

To drive the device from an external clock source, XTAL1 should be grounded, while XTAL2 is driven, as shown in Figure 4. There are no requirements on the duty cycle of the external clock signal, since the input to the internal clocking circuitry is through a divide-by-two flip-flop, but minimum and maximum high and low times specified on the data sheet must be observed.

EXTERNAL OSCILLATOR SIGNAL

XTAL2

XTAL1

Vss

272318-3 Cl, C2 = 30 PF +10 PF for Crystals For Ceramic Resonators contact resonatormanufacturer.

El
XTAL2 n XTAL1 cl Vss =

272318-4

Figure 4. External Drive Configuration

EXPRESS Version
The Intel EXPRESS system offers enhancements to the operational specifications of the MCS 51 family of microcontrollers. These EXPRESS products are designed to meet the needs of those applications whose operating requirements exceed commercial standards. The EXPRESS program includes the commercial standard temperature range with burn-in, and an extended temperature range with or without burn-in. With the commercial standard temperature range, operational characteristics are guaranteed over the temperature range of OC to + 70C. With the extended temperature range option, operational characteristics are guaranteed over a range of 40C to + 85C. The optional burn-in is dynamic, for a minimum time of 160 hours at 125C with VCC = 5.5V * 0.25V, following guidelines in MIL-STD-883, Method 1015. Package types and EXPRESSversions are identified by a one- or two-letter prefix to the part number. The prefixes are listed in Table 1. For the extended temperature range option, this data sheet specifies the parameters which deviate from their commercial temperature range limits.

Figure 3. Oscillator Connections XTAL1: Input to the inverting oscillator amplifier. XTAL2: Output from the inverting oscillator amplifier,

OSCILLATOR CHARACTERISTICS
XTAL1 and XTAL2 are the input and output, respectively, of an inverting amplifier which can be configured for use as an on-chip oscillator, as shown in Figure 3. Either a quartz crystal or ceramic resonator may be used. More detailed information concerning the use of the on-chip oscillator is available in Application Note AP-155; Oscillators for MicrocontrolIers, Order No, 230659.

MCS@51 CONTROLLER

Table 1. EXPRESS Prefix Identification Prefix P D N TD TP TN LD LP Package Type Plastic Cerdip PLCC Cerdip Plastic PLCC Cerdip Plastic Temperature Range Commercial Commercial Commercial Extended Extended Extended Extended Extended Burn-In No No No No No No Yes Yes

NOTE: Contactdistributoror localsalesofficeto matchEXPRESS prefixwith properdevice.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
If an 8751 BH or 8752BH is replacing an 8751 H in a future design, the user should carefully compare both data sheets for DC or AC Characteristic differences. Note that the VIH and IIH specifications for the ~ pin differ significantly between the devices. Exposure to light when the EPROM device is in operation may cause logic errors. For this reason, it is suggested that an opaque label be placed over the window when the die is exposed to ambient light.

The 8051AHP cannot access external Program or Data memory above 4K. This means that the following instructions that use the Data Pointer only read/write data at address locations below OFFFH:

MOVX A,@DPTR MOVX (6JDPTR, A

When the Data Pointer contains an address above the 4K limit, those locations will not be accessed. To access Data Memory above 4K, the MOVX @Ri,A or MOVX A,@Ri instructions must be used.

MCS 51 CONTROLLER

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*

Ambient Temperature Under Bias 40C to + 85C Storage Temperature . Voltage on EA/Vpp Pin to Vss 8751 H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8751 BH/6752BH Voltage on Any Other Pinto Vss Power Dissipation. 65C to + 150C 0.5V to + 21.5V 0.5V .
tO +

NOTICE:This is a productiondata sheet. It is valid for the devices indicated in the revision history. The specificationsare subject to change without notice. *WARNING:Stressing the device beyond the Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage. These are stress ratings orr~. Operation beyond the Operating Conditions is not recommended and extended exposure beyond the Operating Conditions may affect device reliabili~.

13.OV

0.5V to + 7V . . ... 1.5W

OPERATING CONDITIONS
Symbol TA Vcc Fosc Description
Ambient Temperature Under Bias

Min o 40 4.5 3.5

Msx +70 +65 5.5 12

Units c c v MHz

Commercial Express SupplyVoltage OscillatorFrequency

DC CHARACTERISTICS (Over Operating Conditions) All parameter values apply to all devices unless otherwise indicated
Symbol
VIL VIL1 VIH VIH1 VIH2 VoL VoLl Parameter Input Low Voltage (Except ~ 6751H and 8751H-8) Input Low Voltage to ~ Pin of 6751H and 8751H-8 Input High Voltage (Except XTAL2, RST) Input High Voltage to XTAL2, RST Input High Voltage to ~ pin of 6751BH and 8752BH Output Low Voltage (Ports 1,2, 3)* Output Low Voltage (Port O,ALE, PSEN)* 8751 H, 8751 H-8 All Others VOH VOH1 IIL IILI Output High Voltage (Ports 1,2,3, ALE, PSEN) Output High Voltage (Port Oin External Bus Mode) Logical O Input Current (Ports 1,2,3, and RST) Logical O Input Current (~) 8751H and 8751H-8 8751BH 8752BH 2.4 2.4 500 15 lo lo 0.5 Pin of Min 0.5 o 2.0 2.5 4.5 Max 0.8 0.7 Vcc + 0.5 Vcc + 0.5 5.5V 0.45 0.60 0.45 0.45 v v v v v v pA mA mA mA mA loL = 1.6 mA ioL = 3.2 mA !OL = 2.4 mA IOL = 3.2 mA IOH = 80 PA IOH = 400 pA VIN = 0.45V VIN = 0.45V VIN = Vss VIN = Vss Units v v v v XTAL1 = Vss Test Conditions

MCS 51 CONTROLLER

DC CHARACTERISTICS
_r

(Over Operating Conditions)

All oarameter values armlv to all devices unless otherwise indicated (Continued) ~.-..... r., .-. Symbol 11L2 ILI Parameter Logical OInput Current (XTAL2) Input Leakage Current (Porf O) 8751 H and 8751 H-8 All Others Logical 1 Input Current (~) 8751H and 8751H-8 Min Max 3.2 * 1or) t 10 Units mA pA pA Teat Conditions VIN = 0.45V 0.45< VIN < VCC 0.45< VIN < VCC

IIH

8751 BH/8752BH
IIH1 Icc Input Current to RST to Activate Reset Power Supply Current: 8031AH/8051 AH/8051AHP 8032AH/8052AH/8751 BH/8752BH 8751H/8751 H-8 Pin Capacitance

500 1
500 125 175 250 10

pA
mA pA mA mA mA pF

VIN= 2.4V
4.5V < VIN < 5.5V VIN < (Vcc 1.5V) All Outputs Disconnected; m = Vcc Test freq = 1 MHz

Clo NOTES:

1. Capacitive loading on PortsO and 2 may csuse spurious noise pulses to be superimposed on the VOLS of ALE/PROG and Ports 1 and 3. The noise is dueto externalbuscapacitance discharging the PortOand Port2 pinswhenthesepins into

make 1-to-O transitionsduringbus operations.In the worst cases(capacitiveloading > 100 pF), the noise pulse on the ALE/PROG mayexceed0.8V.In suchcasesit maybe desirableto qualifyALEwitha SchmittTrigger,or usean address pin latchwith a Schmi~TriggerSTROBE input. 2, ALE/PROGrefersto a pin on the 8751BH.ALErefersto a timingsignalthat is outputon the ALE/PROG pin. 3. Understeadystate(non-transient) onditions,loL mustbe externallylimitedas follows: c 10 mA MaximumloL per port pin: Maximum per 8-bitpori loL 26 mA Porto: 15 mA Ports1, 2, and 3: Maximum total toL for all outputpins: 71 mA If loL exceedsthe test condition,VOLmayexceedthe relatedspecification. insare not guaranteed sinkcurrentgreater P to than the listedtest conditions.

MCS@51 CONTROLLER
L: ~level LOW, or ALE P: PSEN Q: Output data R: ~ signal T: Time V: Valid W: WR signal X: No longer a valid logic level Z: Float For example, TAVLL = Time from Address Valid to ALE Low. TLLPL = Time from ALE Low to PSEN Low.

EXPLANATION OF THE AC SYMBOLS

Each timing symbol has 5 characters. The first character is always a T (stands for time). The other characters, depending on their positions, stand for the name of a signal or the logical status of that signal. The following is a list of all the characters and what they stand for. A: Address C: Clock D: Input Data H: Logic level HIGH 1:Instruction (program memory contents)

AC CHARACTERISTICS (Under Operating Conditions; Load Capacitance for Port O,ALE/PROG, and
PSEN = 100 pF; Load Capacitance for All Other Outputs = 80 pF)

EXTERNAL PROGRAM MEMORY CHARACTERISTICS

Symbol 1/TCLCL TLHLL TAVLL TLLAX TLLIV Parameter Oscillator Frequency ALE Pulse Width Address Valid to ALE Low Address Hold after ALE Low ALE Low to Valid Instr In 8751 H All Others ALE LOW to PSEN LOW PSEN Pulse Width 8751H All Others PSEN Low to Valid Instr In 8751H All Others Input Instr Hold after PSEN Input Instr Float after PSEN PSEN to Address Valid Address to Valid Instr In 8751 H All Others PSEN Low to Address Float ~ ~ Pulse Width Low to Valid Data In o 97 I I 517 .,. DUD I I 400 400 252 0 2TCLCL70 8TCLCL1 50 nl-n, n, 103 Y I ~LUL .ec WR Pulse Width Data Hold after ~ Data Float after ~ ALE Low to Valid Data In . ,, . ,,. , -. ,. I Aaaress 10valla Ua[a m o 63 75 287 302 20 6TCLCL 100 6TCLCL 100 5TCLCL 165 TCLCL8 5TCLCL1 50 5TCLCL1 15 20 58 190 215 100 125 0 TCLCL20 12 MHz Oscillator Max Min 127 43 48 183 233 TCLCL25 3TCLCL60 3TCLCL35 3TCLCL 150 3TCLCL 125 Min Variable Oscillator Max 12.0 3.5 Units MHz ns ns ns 4TCLCL 150 4TCLCL 100 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns
rm

2TCLCL40 TCLCL40 TCLCL35

TLLPL TPLPH

TPLIV

TPXIX TPXIZ TPXAV TAVIV

TPLAZ TRLRH TWLWH TRLDV TRHDX TRHDZ TLLDV -.. .. . .

I AVUV

ns --

MCS@51 CONTROLLER

EXTERNAL
Symbol TLLWL TAVWL TQVWX

PROGRAM MEMORY CHARACTERISTICS cillator Max

(Continued)

ALE Low to RD or WR Low Address to ~ or WR Low

arameerI---%#
200 203

Variable Oscillator
Min Max 3TCLCL+ 50

Units
ns ns ns ns ns ns

300

3TCLCL50 4TCLCL 130 TCLCL70 TCLCL60 7TCLCL 150 TCLCL50

Data Valid to WR Transition 8751H All Others Data Valid to WR High Data Hold after WR RD Low to Address Float RD or WR High to ALE High 8751H All Others

13 23 433 33

TQVWH TWHQX TRLAZ TWHLH

20
33 43 133 123

I
TCLCL50 TCLCL40

20
TCLCL+ 50 TCLCL+40

I ns
ns ns

NOTE: The 8751H-8 is identicalto the 8751Hbut only o~eratesutI to 8 MHz.Whencalculatingthe AC Characteristicsor the f
8751 H-8, use the 8751 H formula for variable oscillators.

10

MCS@51 CONTROLLER

EXTERNAL PROGRAM MEMORY READ CYCLE

w--ALE TLHLL _ \ , TLLPL- ~ -TAVLL+ + PSEN / TLLAX PORTO TPLPH TLLIV / \

PORT 2

AO
-A15

A8 -A15 272318-5

EXTERNAL DATA MEMORY READ CYCLE

ALE +TLHLL+ PSEN LLOv ~ m + TAVLL + _TLLAX PORTO . . PORT2 x r AO-A7 FROM RI OR OPL TAVOV P2.O-P2.7 OR A8-A15 b FROMDPH TLLWL b TRLDV4 OATA IN TRLRH i TRHOX+ Y TWHLH \ /

A8-A15

FROMPCH 272318-6

EXTERNAL DATA MEMORY WRITE CYCLE

ALE TLHLL m TLLwL~TwLwH * \ , TWHLH / \ /

WT

1
x
I

TAVLL +TLLAX AO-A7 FROM RIOR OPL

7t=II

TQVWX

k I TQVWH OATAOUT

1 TWHQX : r

PORTO

xx

AO-A7 FROMFCL

PORT2

P2.O-P2.7

OR A8-A15

FROMOPH

A8-A15

FROMPCH 272318-7

11

M=

51 CONTROLLER

SERIAL PORT TIMINGSHIFT

Test Conditions: Over ODeratina Conditions: Load Capacitance = 80 rJF Symbol TXLXL TQVXH TXHQX TXHDX TXHDV

Parameter
Serial Port Clock Cycle Time Output Data Setup to Clock Rising Edge Output Data Hold after Clock Rising Edge Input Data Hold after Clock Rising Edge Clock Rising Edge to Input Data Valid

12 MHz Oscillator

VariableOscillator Min
12TCLCL 1OTCLCL 133 2TCLCL1 17 0

Unite
ps ns ns ns

Min
1.0 700 50 o

Max

Max

700

10TCLCL 133

ns

;HI17REGISTER MODETIMINGWAVEFORMS
INSTRUCTION I ALE O I 1 I 2 I 3 I 4 I 5 I 6 I 7 I 8 I

n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n I
I-TXLXL-7 WI-TXHQX

CLOCK

I
1 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x 6 x 7 / SET TI

OUTPUT OATA

1)(

,
INPUT DATA ~

4 SET RI 272318-8

12

MCS@51 CONTROLLER

EXTERNAL CLOCK DRIVE

Symbol
1/TCLCL TCHCX TCLCX I TCLCH TCHCL I

Parameter
Oscillator Frequency (except 8751H-8) 8751H-8 High Time Low Time Rise Time Fall Time

Min
3.5 3.5 20 20

Max
12 8

Units
MHz MHz ns ns

20 20

ns ns

EXTERNAL CLOCK DRIVE WAVEFORM

2.5 t

TCHCX a

TCLCH _

t 2.5

TCliCL

- +

TCLCX TCLCL w 272318-9

AC TESTING INPUT, OUTPUT WAVEFORM

2.4 2.0 TEST POINTS >< 0.s 0.45 0.8 2.0

272318-10 AC Testing: Inputs are driven at 2.4V for a Logic 1 and 0.45V for a Logic O. Timing measurements ara made at 2.OV for a Logic 1 and 0.8V for a LogicO.

MCS@51 CONTROLLER

EPROM CHARACTERISTICS Mode

Program Verify

RST
1 1

Table3. EPROM Programming Modea ALE m P2.7 PSEN

0 0 0 o* 1 o* VPP 1 VPP 1 0 1

P2.6
0 0 1

P2.5
x x x

P2.4
x x x

1 Security Set NOTE: 1 = logichighfor that pin O = logiclowfor that pin X = dont care

VPP = +21V *0.5V *ALEis pulsedlowfor 50 ms Note that the ~/VPP pin must not be allowed to go above the maximum specified VPP level of 21.5V for any amount of time. Even a narrow glitch above that voltage Ievei can cause permanent damage to the device. The VPP source should be well regulated and free of glitches.

PROGRAMMING THE 8751H

To be programmed, the part must be running with a 4 to 6 MHz oscillator. (The reason the oscillator needs to be running is that the internal bus is being used to transfer address and program data to appropriate internal registers.) The address of an EPROM location to be programmed is applied to Port 1 and pins P2.O-P2.3 of Port 2, while the code byte to be programmed into that location is applied to Port O. The other Porl 2 pins, and RST, PSEN, and ~/Vpp should be held at the Program levels indicated in Table 3. ALE/PROG is pulsed low for 50 ms to program the code byte into the addressed EPROM location. The setup is shown in Figure 5. Normally ~~is held at a logic highflntil just before ALE/PROG is to be pulsed. Then EA/Vpp is raised to +21 V, ALE/PROG is pulsed, and then ~/Vpp is returned to a logic high. Waveforms and detailed timing specifications are shown in later sections of this data sheet.
+5V

Program Verification
If the Security Bit has not been programmed, the onchip Program Memory can be read out for verification purposes, if desired, either during or after the programming operation. The address of the Program Memory location to be read is appiied to Port 1 and pins P2.O-P2.3. The other pins should be held at the Verify Ieveis indicated in Tabie 3. The contents of the addressed location will come out on Port O. External pullups are required on Port O for this operation. The setup, which is shown in Figure 6, is the same as for programming the EPROM except that pin P2.7 is held at a logic low, or may be used as an activeIow read strobe
+5V ?

Vcc AOOR
FFH UAll

A&b?

p?
P2.0 w PGM DATA Vcc

P2.3 8751H
FFH w +

=-TCAREJ=E LEl=$=~ . ,,W,, 4-SUN* n

mu DATA (USE 10K PULLUPS]

W51H ALE VIH G

U
Vlli P2.7
XTAU XTAL1 Vss .

CARE,. x X-9 VIL d

~~b

P2.5

F&vPP ENAS4E

P2.S . P2 7 XTAU RST h XTAL1

RST PSEN .

VIH1

J4-6 MHZm

VIH1

Vss

PSEN

27231 a-1 I

Figure5. Programming onfiguration C

27231S-12

Figure6. Program Verification

14

MCS@51 CONTROLLER

EPROM Security
X = OGNT CARE

+5V f
Vcc

The security feature consists of a locking bit which when programmed denies electrical access by any external means to the on-chip Program Memory. The bit is programmed as shown in Figure 7. The setup and procedure are the same as for normal EPROM programming, except that P2.6 is held at a logic high, Porl O,Port 1 and pins P2.OP2.3 may be in any state. The other pins should be held at the Security levels indicated in Table 3. Once the Security Bit has been programmed, it can be cleared only by full erasure of the Program Memory. While it is programmed, the internal Program Memory can not be read out, the device can not be further programmed, and it cannot executeout of externalprogrammemory.Erasing the EPROM, thus clearing the Security Bit, restores the devices full functionality. It can then be reprogrammed.

PI
m P2.0X P2.3 P2.4 {: VIM P2,7 XTAU m XTAL1 Vss PSEN RST fi P2.5 P2.6 8751H ALE

x ALE/PROO + EAYPP WH1

50 ma PULSE TO GND

7 *
272318-13

Erasure Characteristics
Erasure of the EPROM begins to occur when the device is exposed to light with wavelengths shorter than approximately 4,000 Angstroms. Since sunlight and fluorescent lighting have wavelengths in this range, exposure to these light sources over an extended time (about 1 week in sunlight, or 3 years in room-level fluorescent lighting) could cause inadvertent erasure. If an application subjects the device to this type of exposure, it is suggested that an opaque label be placed over the window.

Figure7. Programming SecurityBit the

The recommended erasure procedure is exposure to ultraviolet light (at 2537 Angstroms) to an integrated dose of at least 15 W-sec/cm2. Exposing the EPROM to an ultraviolet lamp of 12,000 pW/cm2 rating for 20 to 30 minutes, at a distance of about 1 inch, should be sufficient. Erasure leaves the array in an all 1s state.

EPROM PROGRAMMING AND VERIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS

TA = 21C to 27C; VCC = 5V + 10%; VSS = OV

Symbol
VPP IPP 1/TCLCL TAVGL TGHAX TDVGL TGHDX TEHSH TSHGL TGHSL TGLGH TAVQV TELQV TEHQZ

Parameter
Programming Supply Voltage Programming Supply Current Oscillator Frequency Address Setup to PROG Low Address Hold after PROG Data Setup to PROG Low Data Hold after~ P2.7 (ENABLE) High to VPP VPP Setup to PROG Low VPP Hold after PROG PROG Width Address to Data Valid ENABLE Low to Data Valid Data Float after ENABLE

Min
20.5 4 46TCLCL 48TCLCL 48TCLCL 48TCLCL 48TCLCL 10 10 45

Max
21.5 30 6

Unita
v mA MHz

ps 55 48TCLCL 48TCLCL ps ms

48TCLCL

15

MCS 51 CONTROLLER

GI-

nl r

mrnmrlmn.

I-8.

,Lrl..

.4-s

m..

..-.

b.

..8.,

PROGRAMMING P1.O-PI.7 P3,0-P3,3

VERIFICATION ADDRESS

PORTO

{ , TOVGL TAVGL

DATAIN \ ~ TGHSL TGHOX TGHAX

kLE/PROG

TSHGL r Fi.vPP m HIGH

TGLGH 21V * .5V \

TTL HIGH

TTL HIGH

TSHSN P3.7 (ENABLE)

TELOV

\ 1 272318-14 For verificationconditionssee Figure 6.

For programmingconditionssee Figure 5.

16

inlA
Programming the 8751BH/8752BH
To be programmed, the 875XBH must be running with a 4 to 6 MHz oscillator. (The reason the oscillator needs to be running is that the internal bus is being used to transfer address and program data to appropriate internal registers.) The address of an EPROM location to be programmed is applied to Porl 1 and pins P2.O- P2.4 of Port 2, while the code byte to be programmed into that location is applied to Port O. The other Port 2 and 3 pins, and RST, PSEN, and ~/Vpp should be held at the Program levels indicated in Table 1. ALE/PROG is pulsed low to croaram the code bvte into the addressed EPROfl location. The setup is shown in Figure 8.

MCS 51 CONTROLLER
Normally ~&is held at a logic high until just before ALE/PROG is to be pulsed. Then ~/Vpp is raised to Vpp, ALE/PROG is pulsed low, and then ~/Vpp is returned to a valid high voltage. The voltage on the ~/Vpp pin must be at the valid EA/Vpp high level before a verify is attempted. Waveforms and detailed timing specifications are shown in later sections of this data sheet. Note that the ~/Vpp pin must not be allowed to go above the maximum specified Vpp level for any amount of time. Even a narrow glitch above that voltage level can cause permanent damage to the device. The Vpp source should be well regulated and free of glitches.
+5V

Vcc Po

1~

RST

E/vpp

+12.75V 100 p, PULSESTO GND

1~

P3.6

ALE/PROG ~25 875X,, ~ ~

1~

P3.7

P2.7 ~1 P2.6 ~o

XTAL2 4-6 MHz

lJ-

T=
=

;
.

XTAL1 ks

P2.O -P2,4

272318-15

Figure8. Programming EPROM the Table4. EPROM Programming odeafor 875XBH M MODE
Program Code Data Verify Code Data Program Encryption Tabie Use Addresses O-1FH ~= 1 Program Lock Bits (LBx) Read Signature x=2

RST
1 1 1 1 1 1

PSEN
0 0 0 0 0 0

ALE/ PROG
o* 1 o* o* o* 1

ml Vpp
Vpp 1 Vpp Vpp Vpp 1

P2.7
1 0 1 1 1 0

P2.6
0 0 0 1 1 0

P3.6
1 1 0 1 0 0

P3.7
1 1 1 1 0 0

NOTES: 1 = Validhighfor that pin O = Validlowfor that pin vpp = + 12.75V+ 0.25V *ALE/PROG pulsedlowfor 100USfor programming.Quick-Pulse rogramming) is ( P

17

MCS@51 CONTROLLER

QUICK-PULSE PROGRAMMING ALGORITHM

The 875XBH can be programmed using the QuickPulse Programming Algorithm for microcontrollers. The features of the new programming method are a lower Vpp (12.75 volts as compared to 21 volts) and a shorter programming pulse. For example, it is possible to program the entire 8 Kbytes of 875XBH EPROM memory in less than 25 seconds with this algorithm! To program the part using the new~rithm, Vpp must be 12,75 f 0.25 Volts. ALE/PROG is pulsed low for 100 pseconds, 25 times as shown in Figure 9, Then, the byte just programmed may be verified. After programming, the entire array should be verified. The Program Lock features are programmed using the same method, but with the setup as shown in Table 4. The only difference in programming Lock features is that the Lock features cannot be directly verified. Instead, verification of programming is by observing that their features are enabled.

PROGRAM VERIFICATION
If the Lock Bits have not been programmed, the onchip Program Memory can be read out for verification purposes, if desired, either during or after the programming operation. The address of the Program Memory location to be read is applied to Port 1 and pins P2.O - P2.4. The other pins should be held at the Verify levels indicated in Table 1. The contents of the addressed location will come out on Port O. External pullups are required on Port O for this operation. (If the Encryption Array in the EPROM has been programmed, the data present at Port O will be Code Data XNOR Encryption Data. The user must know the Encryption Array contents to manually unencrypt the data during verify.) The setup, which is shown in Figure 10, is the same as for programming the EPROM except that pin P2.7 is held at a logic low, or may be used as an active low read strob~.

,
ALEM

~25pLsEs ~
n-------10 P,MIN I 100JM *lops

ALE/PROG : 0

1
Figure9. PROGWaveforma
+~v

272318-16

AO-A7

4-6 MHz

L
=

r-F
Vcc Po P! PGM DATA RST rmpp P3.6 ALE/PRW = 1 B75xBH 0 0 P3.7 P2.7 (i-mm XTAL2 P2.6 0 XTAL1 Vss P2.O -P2.4 A8-A12 F

10kJl X8

272318-17

Figure10.Verifying EPROM the

18

MCS@51 CONTROLLER Table5. LockBitsandtheirFeatures LogicEnabled LB1

u Minimum Program Lock features enabled. (Code Verify WIIIstill be

PROGRAM MEMORY LOCK

The two-level Program Lock system consists of 2 Lock bits and a 32-byte Encryption Array which are used to protect the program memory against software piracy.

ENCRYPTION ARRAY
Within the EPROM array are 32 bytes of Encryption Array that are initially unprogrammed (all 1s). Every time that a byte is addressed during a verify, 5 address lines are used to select a byte of the Encryption Array. This byte is then exclusive-NORed (XNOR) with the code byte, creating an Encrypted Verify byte. The algorithm, with the array in the unprogrammed state (all 1s), will return the code in its original, unmodified form. It is recommended that whenever the Encryption Array is used, at least one of the Lock Bits be programmed as well. P

=
u MOVC instructions executed from external program memory are disabled from fetching code bytes from internal memory, EA is sampled and latched on reset, and further programming of the EPROM is disabled Same as above, but Verify is also disabled IReservedfor Future Definition I

P U

I
I

P P

= Programmed = Unprogrammed

LOCK BITS
Also included in the EPROM Program Lock scheme are two Lock Bits which function as shown in Table 5. Erasing the EPROM also erases the Encryption Array and the Lock Bits, returning the part to full unlocked functionality. To ensure proper functionality of the chip, the internally latched value of the ~ pin must agree with its external state.

READING THE SIGNATURE BYTES

The signature bytes are read by the same procedure as a normal verification of locations 030H and 031H, except that P3.6 and P3.7 need to be pulled to a logic low. The values returned are: (030H) = 89H indicates manufactured by Intel (031H) = 51H indicates 8751BH 52H indicates 8752BH

19

MCS 51 CONTROLLER

ERASURE CHARACTERISTICS
Erasure of the EPROM begins to occur when the 8752BH is exposed to light with wavelengths shorter than approximately 4,000 Angstroms. Since sunlight and fluorescent lighting have wavelengths in this range, exposure to these light sources over an extended time (about 1 week in sunlight, or 3 years in room-level fluorescent lighting) could cause inadvertent erasure. If an application subjects the device to

this type of exposure, it is suggested that an opaque label be placed over the window. The recommended erasure procedure is exposure to ultraviolet light (at 2537 Angstroms) to an integrated dose of at lease 15 W-see/cm. Exposing the EPROM to an ultraviolet lamp of 12,000 pW/cm rating for 30 minutes, at a distance of about 1 inch, should be sufficient. Erasure leaves the array in an all Is state.

EPROM PROGRAMMING AND VERIFICATION CHARACTERISTICS

(T,4 = 21C to 27C, Vcc = 5.OV + 10%, Vss = OV)

Symbol
Vpp Ipp

Parameter
Programming Programming Supply Supply Voltage Current

Min
12.5

Max
13.0 50

Units
v

mA MHz

1/TCLCL TAVGL TGHAX TDVGL TGHDX TEHSH TSHGL TGHSL TGLGH TAVQV TELQV TEHQZ TGHGL

Oscillator Frequency Address Setup to PROG Low Address Hold After PROG Data Setup to PROG Low Data Hold After PROG P2.7 (ENABLE) High to Vpp Vpp Setup to PROG Low Vpp Hold After PROG PROG Width Address to Data Valid ENABLE Low to Data Valid Data Float After ENABLE PROG High to PROG Low

4 48TCLCL 48TCLCL 48TCLCL 48TCLCL 48TCLCL 10 10 90

ps ps 110 48TCLCL 48TCLCL ps

o 10

48TCLCL ps

EPROM PROGRAMMING AND VERIFICATION WAVEFORMS

PROGRAMMING ADDRESS VERIFICATION ADDRFSS TAvQV DATAIN ::=&z TDVGL TAVGL Pu& ~ .-TGHDX ~ TGHAX DATAOUT }

TSHGL TGLGH ~wpp

d TGHGL t

TGHsL

[A/HIGH TELQV L TEHQZ

P2.7

272318-18

20

MCS@51 CONTROLLER

DATA SHEET REVISION HISTORY

Datasheets are changed as new device information becomes available. Verify with your local Intel sales office that you have the latest version before finalizing a design or ordering devices. The following differences exist between this datasheet (272318-002) and the previous version (272318-001): 1. Removed QP and QD (commercial with extended burn-in) from Table 1. EXPRESS Prefix Identification. This datasheet (272318-001) replaces the following datasheets: MCS@51 Controllers (270048-007) 8051AHP (270279-004) 8751BH (270248-005) 8751 BH EXPRESS (270708-001) 8752BH (270429-004) 8752BH EXPRESS (270650-002)

21