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1. The subodontoblastic plexus of Raschkow occurs: a. Below the cell bodies of odontoblasts b. In the root region of the pulp c. Within the central pulp core d. Within the cell-rich zone of Weil Uppermost structure seen at the hilum of the left lung is: a. Pulmonary artery b. Pulmonary vein c. Bronchus d. Bronchial artery Ulnar injury in the arm leads to all except: a. Sensory loss of the medial 1/3rd of the hand b. Weakness of the hypothenar muscles c. Claw hand d. adduction of thumb Left renal vein crosses the Aorta: a. Anteriorly, above the superior mesenteric artery b. Anteriorly, below the superior mesenteric artery c. Posteriorly, at the level of superior mesenteric artery d. Anteriorly, below the inferior mesenteric artery What are intrinsic fibers of cementum? a. Fibers produced by cementoblasts b. Noncalcified fibers associated with the attachment of periodontal ligament fibers c. Principal fibers of the PDL d. None of the above In post-ductal coarctation of the aorta, blood flow to the lower limbs in maintained by increased blood flow through: a. Inferior Phrenic and pericardio phrenic vessels b. Intercostal and Superior epigastric c. Sub costal and Umbilical d. Umbilical and superior gastric Seen in agenesis of corpus callosum is: a. Astereognosis b. Hemiparesis c. Hemi sensory loss d. No neurological deficit One of the following is the watershed area of the colon between the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries: a. Ascending colon b. Hepatic flexure c. Splenic flexure d. Descending colon Gall bladder epithelium is: a. Simple squamous b. Simple cuboidal with stereocilia c. Simple columnar d. Simple columnar with brush border c. External intercostals d. Internal intercostals 12. Dangerous area of the eye is: a. Ciliary body b. Sclera c. Optic nerve 13. Urothelium does not line: a. Collecting ducts c. Ureter
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14. Which type of gingival fibers attaches to cementum of adjacent teeth and is present over the alveolar crest? a. Alveolar crest fibers b. Alveologingival fibers c. Transseptal fibers d. Circular fibers 15. The secretory product of odontoblasts is: a. Topocollagen. b. Calcium salts. c. Mantle dentin. d. Hydroxyapatite. 16. The escapement spaces between teeth and the interdental spaces are called: a. Marginal ridges. b. Contact areas. c. Embrasures. d. Developmental grooves 17. Basement membrane consists of all except: a. Laminin b. Nidogenin c. Entactin d. Rhodopsin 18. Perforators are not present at the: a. Ankle b. Distal calf c. Mid thigh d. Below the inguinal ligament 19. Tongue muscles develops from: a. Occipital somites b. Mesoderm of the pharyngeal pouch c. Cervical somites d. Endoderm of pharyngeal pouch
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20. A female come with complaints of chest pain. On examination she is found to have pericarditis with pericardial effusion. The pain is mediated by: a. Deep cardiac plexus b. Superficial cardiac plexus c. Phrenic nerve d. Subcostal nerve 21. Meiosis occurs at which of the following transformation: a. Primary spermatocyte to intermediate spermatocyte b. Primary spermatocyte to secondary spermatocyte c. Secondary spermatocyte to round spermatid d. Round spermatid to elongated spermatid 22. The ureter develops from: a. Metanephros c. Mesonephric duct b. Mesonephros d. Paramesonephric duct
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10. Perforating fibers consisting of collagen fibers embedded in alveolar bone proper are known as: a. Gingival fibers b. Sharpeys fibers c. Transseptal fibers d. Alveolar fibers 11. Which muscle is not punctured while doing a thoracic procedure in the mid-axillary line: a. Innermost intercostals b. Transverses thoracis
23. Inflammation of a retrocaecal appendix will produce pain when there is which of the following movements at the hip: a. Flexion b. Extension
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of the heart is
94. All of the following are found in the posterior triangle of the neck except one. Which one is the exception? a. External jugular vein. b. Subclavian vein. c. Hypoglossal nerve. d. Phrenic nerve.
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of the
100. The most distal portion of the maxillary alveolar bone is the a. Tuberosity b. Retromolar area c. Palatine raphe d. Palatine fovea
1. Ans A. Nerve fibers Pulp and Dentin entering the teeth have been identified histologically as myelinated A-fibers and unmyelinated C-fibers. These fibers are grouped in bundles and enter through the apical foramina of the teeth, passing through the radicular to the coronal pulp where they fan out and diverge into smaller bundles. Nerve divergence continues; individuals-fibers within small bundles lose their myelin sheath and divide repeatedly before finally ramifying into a plexus of single axons known as the subodontoblastic plexus or plexus of Raschkow. The exact function of this plexus is unknown, as is the changing configuration of the plexus with dentin formation." From this plexus nerve fibers are distributed toward the pulp-dentin border with terminals showing a characteristic bead-like structure. 2. Ans A. Explanation: Mnemonic is Atal Bihari Vajpayee (ABV) -Arrangement of pulmonary structures at the hilum of the lungs ABV: From (A)bove to below: (A)rtery-(B)ronchus-(v)ein. -Pulmonary artery is uppermost whereas, pulmonary vein is inferior most. -This applies well to left lung...for right lung one additional bronchus goes above the artery and is called as ep-arterial bronchus. -Hence, in the right lung the uppermost structure in the hilum will be a bronchus. NOTE: There are 2 veins which are named anterior & inferior according to their location at the hilum. (Similar arrangement on both sides) -Bronchus & bronchial arteries are always posterior most structures at the hila of both lungs. 3. Ans D. Explanation: Ulnar nerve supplies the Adductor pollicis muscle and hence it will be paralysed in its lesion. Hence, adduction of thumb is not a clinical finding in ulnar nerve palsy. 4. Ans B. Explanation: Left renal vein crosses in front of the aorta from right to left towards the left kidney. -Additional information: The vein lies below the superior mesenteric artery (L-1 vertebral level) and above the renal artery (lies between L-1 & L-2 vertebra) -Because the inferior vena cava is on the right side of the body, the left renal vein is generally the longer of the two. - Now, because the inferior vena cava is not laterally symmetrical, the left renal vein often receives the following veins: left inferior phrenic vein left suprarenal vein left gonadal vein (left testicular vein in males, left ovarian vein in females) left 2nd lumbar vein -This is in contrast to the right side of the body, where these veins drain directly into the IVC. 5. Ans A. Classification of Cementum Based on the Nature and Origin of Collagen Fibers. Organic matrix derived form 2 sources: Periodontal ligament (Sharpeys fibers) Cementoblasts Extrinsic fibers derived from PDL. These are in the same direction of the PDL principal fibers i.e. perpendicular or oblique to the root surface. Intrinsic fibers derived from cementoblasts. Run parallel to the root surface and at right angles to the extrinsic fibers The area where both extrinsic and intrinsic fibers is called mixed fiber cementum. 6. Ans B. Explanation: Coarctation (stenosis/narrowing) of aorta is due to defect in the tunica media, which forms a shelf like projection into the lumen, most commonly in the region of the ductus arteriosus. -A collateral circulation develops distal to the obstruction between subclavian artery (internal thoracic artery) & descending aorta (posterior intercostal arteries). -This anastomosis produces characteristic notching of the ribs on X-RAY Superior epigastric is a branch of internal thoracic artery and gives the anterior intercostal arteries in the lower intercostal spaces. -Coarctation of the aorta is of three types:
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Action Elevates jaw Retracts jaw Elevates jaw Draws articular disk forward (bilaterally) Protracts jaw (unilaterally) Abducts jaw (grinding)
Lateral Pterygoid (Superior Head) Sphenoid bone Lateral Pterygoid (Inferior Head) Lateral Side of Lateral Pterygoid Plate
Medial Pterygoid
Medial Side of Lateral Pterygoid Mandibular angle Elevates jaw Plate 27. Ans B.Explanation: In emergency tracheostomy following structures can be damaged: -Isthmus -Inferior thyroid veins -thyroid artery -left brachio-cephalic vein -pleura (especially infants) -Thymus 28. Ans A. Greater Petrosal Nerve is joined by the deep petrosal nerve from the internal carotid sympathetic plexus to become the Vidian nerve or nerve of the pterygoid canal which traverses the pterygoid canal to end in the pterygopalatine ganglion. 29. Ans A.Explanation: Kanavel's sign, a point of maximum tenderness in the palm 2.5 cm proximal to the base of the little finger in infection of tendon sheath.- goal is to distinguish infectious tenosynovitis from superficial or localized abscess Kanavel's Four Cardinal Signs - Discussion: - for diagnosing infectious tenosynovitis; - intense pain accompanies any attempt to extend partly flexed finger; - this is absent in local involvement; - pain will be noted along the course of tendon with extension; - this is the earliest and most important sign; - in case of a local furuncle, in contrast, the finger can be held straight without much pain; - flexion posture: finger is held in flexion for comfort; - uniform swelling involving entire finger in contrast to localized swelling in local inflammation; - percussion tenderness along the course of the tendon sheath; - tenderness is marked along the course of inflamed sheath in contrast to its absence in a localized inflammation; 30. Ans c. Explanation: -Gastrin is a hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid by the parietal cells of the stomach. It is released by G cells in the stomach and duodenum. -Somatostain- Delta cells (delta-cells or D cells) are somatostatin producing cells. They can be found in the stomach, intestine and the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. -Insulin is synthesized in the pancreas within the beta cells (beta-cells) of the islets of Langerhans. -One to three million islets of Langerhans (pancreatic islets) form the endocrine part of the pancreas, which is primarily an exocrine gland. The endocrine portion only accounts for 2% of the total mass of the pancreas. Within the islets of Langerhans, beta cells constitute 6080% of all the cells. 31. Ans A. Transversalis Fascia: The spermatic cord in the male, or the round ligament of the uterus in the female, pass through the transversalis fascia at the deep inguinal ring (see below). This opening is not visible externally since the transversalis fascia is
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70. Ans: (c) Cauterisation;(d) Cutting Viscera are insensitive to: - cutting - crushing - burning However visceral pain is caused by Excessive distension Spasmodic contraction of smooth muscles Ischemia The pain felt in the region of the viscus is called true visceral pain Referred pain : Pain arising in viscera may also be felt in the skin or other somatic tissues, supplied by somatic nerves arising from the same spinal segment. If the inflammation spreads from a diseased viscus to the parietal peritoneum it causes local somatic pain overlying body wall. In acute appendicitis pain is at first felt in the peri umbilical region (T10) and then is localised to Mcburneya point. 71. ans D. The tail of the pancreas crosses the left kidney as it passes to the hilum of the spleen. The blood supply is from the splenic, superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries. The gland is pierced by the superior mesenteric artery. The middle colic arises from the lower border. 72. Ans D. Explanation: Monozygotic twins, or identical twins, develop from a single fertilized egg that subsequently splits during either the blastomere or blastocyst stage. It is more common in the blastocyst stage at the end of the first week. This results in two inner cell masses in the same blastocyst cavity. They usually develop a common placenta and chorionic cavities but separate amniotic cavities. Splitting in the second week usually results in shared amniotic cavities as well. Conjoined twins (choice A), or Siamese twins, result from incomplete splitting of the embryo. Dizygotic twins (choice B) and fraternal twins (choice C) are the same, and are the most common type of twins. They share the same genetic relatedness as do siblings of separate pregnancies. This type of twinning occurs because of simultaneous double ovulation followed by fertilization by two sperm. They each develop their own placenta and membranes. 73. Ans D. Explanation: Hypospadias, which is congenital displacement of the urethral opening onto the ventral surface (underside) of the penis, is due to malformation of the urethral groove and canal. Hypospadias frequently accompanies other genitourinary anomalies, especially cryptorchidism. Isolated hypospadias is repaired because the abnormal opening is often constricted, leading to urinary retention and ascending urinary tract infections. Another important consequence of hypospadias is sterility, which occurs if the opening is too close to the base of the penis to permit normal ejaculation. Although hypospadias can occur in isolation, it is strongly associated with other urogenital anomalies. Bladder exstrophy (choice A) is a completely unrelated congenital malformation in which the abdominal wall and anterior bladder wall form incompletely, and the bladder mucosa is exposed to the environment. Hydrocele (choice B) is a serous accumulation in the tunica vaginalis, often producing a readily apparent scrotal mass. Hydrocele usually arises without any obvious cause. Phimosis (choice C) is the condition in which the foreskin cannot be retracted over the head of the penis. It is usually either a congenital malformation or a consequence of scarring. 74. Ans C. Explanation: The most common form of atrial septal defect is located near the foramen ovale (not to be confused with a patent foramen ovale, which is of little or no hemodynamic significance). They result from incomplete adhesion between the septum primum and the septum secundum during development. Atrial septal defects less commonly result from failures of formation of the septum primum (choice A) and septum secundum (choice B). Malformations of the interventricular septum (choices D) cause ventricular septal defects rather than atrial septal defects. 75. Ans B. Explanation: The epithelial lining of the second pharyngeal pouch buds into the mesenchyme to form the palatine tonsil. Part of the pouch remains in the adult as the tonsillar fossa. The first pharyngeal pouch (choice A) develops into the middle ear cavity and eustachian tube. The third pharyngeal pouch (choice C) develops into the thymus and the inferior parathyroid glands. The fourth pharyngeal pouch (choice D) gives rise to the superior parathyroid glands. Recall that abnormal development of the 3rd and 4th pouches leads to DiGeorge syndrome and results in hypocalcemia as well as abnormal cellular immunity and consequent susceptibility to viral and fungal illnesses. The fifth pharyngeal pouch gives rise to the C cells of the thyroid gland. These cells secrete calcitonina hormone that lowers serum calcium. 76. ans A. Explanation: This question could have tricked you if you didn't catch the key words, "in the embryo." If you read the question too quickly and thought you were going to be asked to identify the structure described, you probably chose choice C (ligamentum venosum), since that is indeed the structure in question. However, in the embryo, this fibrous band is actually the ductus venosus. The ductus venosus is an embryonic vessel that allows blood to bypass the fetal liver; this prevents the depletion of oxygen and nutrient-rich blood in the hepatic sinusoids. The embryonic umbilical vein (choice E) actually becomes the fibrous ligamentum teres (choice B). The ligamentum teres is located in the free margin of the falciform ligament. The embryonic umbilical arteries (choice D) become the medial umbilical ligaments. 77. Ans B. Explanation: Neuromuscular development is sufficient to allow fetal movement in the eighth week of life. Other features of week 8 include the first appearance of a thin skin, a head as large as the rest of the body, forward-looking eyes, appearance of digits on the hands and feet, appearance of testes and ovaries (but not distinguishable external genitalia), and a crown-rump length of
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92. Ans D. After branching from the mandibular nerve (CN V ; > , auriculotemporal nerve travels pos teriorly and encircles the the middle meningeal artery, remaining posterior and medial to the condyle. It then continues up towards the TMJ, external ear, and temporal region, passing through the parotid gland and traveling with the superficial temporal artery and vein. 93. Ans C. Intercalated discs are only found in cardiac mus of skeletal muscle. Smooth muscle cells are spindle-shaped. cle. Multiple, peripherally positioned nuclei are found in the fibers
94. Ans C. The hypoglossal (CN XII) nerve is not found in the posterior triangle;. it is, however, present in the submandibular triangle. Contents of the pos terior triangle include the external jugular and subclavian vein and their tributaries, the sub clavian artery and its branches, branches of the cervical plexus, CN XI, nerves to the upper limb and muscles of the triangle floor, the phrenic nerve, and the brachial plexus. 95. Ans C. Deoxygenated blood from the transverse sinus drains to the sigmoid sinus, which empties into the internal jugular veins. The transverse sinuses receive blood from the confluence of sinuses, which is located in the posterior cra nium. 96. Ans A. The vestigial cleft of Rathke's pouch is located between the anterior and posterior lobes specifically, between the pars intermedia and anterior lobe. It consists of cyst-like spaces (Rathke's cysts) and represents the vestigial lumen of Rathke's pouch. 97. Ans B. The thymus is active at birth and increases in size until puberty (around age 12), after which it gradually atrophies and is replaced by fatty tis sue. 98. Ans C. The internal carotid artery is joined to the pos part of the circle of Willis. terior cerebral artery via the posterior commu nicating artery, which is
99. Ans D. It is a branch of the maxillary (CN V 2) nerve. The maxillary nerve branches from the trigeminal ganglion and exits the skull through the foramen rotundum. When it reaches the pterygopalatine ganglion, it terminates as the infraorbital and zygomatic nerves. 100. Ans A
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