Lines and Planes in 3-Dimension

1/9/2008

1.1 Plane Plane is a flat or level surface It can be horizontal, vertical or inclined Example 1: E ABCD is a horizontal Plane CBF, ADE and CDEF are vertical Planes ABFE is a inclined plane

F D A

1.2 Normal to a plane A normal to a plane is a straight line perpendicular to any line in the plane passing through the point of intersection of the straight line and the plane. Normal

Example 2: ABCDEF is right prism with the cross section of a right-angled triangle DEF. Identify the normal to the plane: a) DEF A C b) BCFE c) ABED F B D

E Solution: a) BE is perpendicular to ED and EF. Therefore BE is a normal to the plane DEF. AD is perpendicular to DE and DF. Therefore AD is normal to the plane DEF. CF is perpendicular to FD and FE. Therefore CF is normal to the plane DEF b) AB is perpendicular to BC and BE. Therefore AB is normal to the plane BCFE. DE is perpendicular to EB and EF. Therefore DE is normal to the plane BCFE Liew Tho Lip More information @ http://www.kolejku.com. More exercises @ http://www.kolejku.com/elearning

Lines and Planes in 3-Dimension

1/9/2008

c) BC is perpendicular to BA and BE. Therefore BC is a normal to the plane ABED FE is perpendicular to EB and ED. Therefore FE is normal to the plane ABED

1.3 Orthogonal Projection of a line on a plane. The orthogonal projection of the line AB on the plane PQRS with Point A on the plane is the straight of intersection of the normal from B to the plane.

B P A S R Q Normal to the Plane PQRS

Orthogonal projection of AB on the plane PQRS

Question 3:

The diagram below show a cuboid. Name the orthogonal projection of the line. a) HB on the plane ABCD b) GB on the plane CDHG c) AH on the plane EFGH

G F

E D

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Lines and Planes in 3-Dimension 1.4 Angle between a line and a plane

1/9/2008

The angle between a line and a plane is the angle between the line and the orthogonal projection of the line on the plane. Example 2: The diagram above shows a cube where the plane ABCD is horizontal. M and N are midpoints of CD and GH respectively. N

E D M

F C

Name the angle: a) AN and plane ABCD Answer : angle between AN and AM , angle NAM b) AM and the plane ADHE Answer: angle between AM and AD, angle DAM c) AN and the plane ADHE Answer: angle between AN and AH, angle NAH

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Lines and Planes in 3-Dimension 1.5 Problem involving angles between a line and a plane.

1/9/2008

Question 2: The diagram below shows a pyramid with a triangular base ABC resting on a horizontal surface. The side VC is a normal to the base. If VC=CB=6cm, AB=8cm and angle ABC = 90 0 . Calculate a) The length of AC b) The angle between VA and the plane ABC c) The angle between VB and the plane ABC V A

a) AC2 = AB2 + BC2 AC = 100 cm AC = 10cm b) The angle between VA and the plane ABC is angle VAC V 6cm C c) 10cm A Tan VAC = 0.6 = 300 58

The angle between VB and the plane ABC is angle VBC V Tan VBC = 1 6cm C 6cm B = 450

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