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1. Exprima cada uma das seguintes somas algébricas como uma única fração e simplifique-a
tanto quanto possível.
5 4
−
1.1. 4! 5!
2 3
+
1.2. 3!6! 4!5!
1 3
−
1.3.
( n + 1)! 2n! , para n número natural
2 n 1
− +
1.4.
( n + 1)! ( n + 2 )! n! , para n número natural
n +1
1.5. n
A2 + A2 , para n número natural superior a 1.
2. Simplifique.
7! 7!
+
( n + 2 )!
1. 6 ! 8! 2. n!
50 !+ 48 !
P100 99 !
− − 0!
3. 47 ! 4. P 99 98 !
( n + 2 )! ( n − 1)! n !+ ( n + 1)!
5.
n! ( n + 1)! 6.
(n 2
+ n ) ( n − 1)!
n!
=n
3.1.
( n − 2 )!
3.2.
( n + 2)! − 5 ( n + 1)! − 21n! = 0
Caderno de atividades pág 10 exº 11, 12 e 13; pág 12 exº 5 e pág 14 exº 1
2022/2023 Matemática A 12º ano
5 4 5 5 4 25 4 21 21 7 7
1. 1.1. − = − = − = = = =
4! 5! 5 4! 5! 5! 5! 5! 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 2 40
2 3 4 2 63 8 18 26 26 13
1.2. + = + = + = = =
3!6! 4!5! 4 3!6! 6 4!5! 4!6! 4!6! 4!6! 4 3 2 6 5 4 3 2 8640
1
−
3
=
2 1
−
( n + 1) 3 = 2 − 3 ( n + 1) = −1 − 3n
1.3.
( n + 1)! 2n! 2 ( n + 1)! ( n + 1) 2n! 2 ( n + 1)! 2 ( n + 1)!
1.4.
2
−
n 1
+ =
( n + 2 ) 2 − n + ( n + 2 )( n + 1) 1 =
( n + 1)! ( n + 2 )! n! ( n + 2 ) ( n + 1)! ( n + 2 )! ( n + 2 )( n + 1) n!
2 ( n + 2 ) − n + ( n + 2 )( n + 1) 2n + 4 − n + n 2 + 3n + 2 n 2 + 4n + 6
= = =
( n + 2 )! ( n + 2 )! ( n + 2 )!
1.5. n
A2 + n +1
A2 = n ( n − 1) + ( n + 1) n = n ( ( n − 1) + ( n + 1) ) = n ( 2n ) = 2n 2
Exercício 2.
1. 7! 7! 7 6! 7! 1 57
+ = + =7+ =
6! 8! 6! 8 7! 8 8
( n + 2 )! = ( n + 2 )( n + 1) n! =
2. ( n + 2 )( n + 1) = n 2 + 3n + 2
n! n!
3. 50!+ 48! 50 49 48 47!+ 48 47!
= =
47! 47!
47!( 50 49 48 + 48 )
=
47!
= 50 49 48 + 48 = 117648
P100 99! 100! 99 98! 100 99!
4. − − 0! = − −1 = − 99 − 1 =
P99 98! 99! 98! 99!
= 100 − 99 − 1 = 0
5. (
n + 2 )! ( n − 1)! ( n + 2 )( n + 1) n!( n − 1)!
= =
n! ( n + 1)! n!( n + 1) n!
=
( n + 2 )( n − 1)! = ( n + 2 )( n − 1)! = n + 2
n! n ( n − 1)! n
n!+ ( n + 1)! n!+ ( n + 1)! n! + ( n + 1) n!
6. = = =
(n 2
+ n ) ( n − 1)! n ( n + 1)( n − 1)! ( n + 1)!( n ( n − 1)!)
n!1 + ( n + 1) 1+ n +1 n + 2
= = =
( n + 1) n! n +1 n +1
n! n ( n − 1)( n − 2 )!
3.1. =n = n n ( n − 1) = n
( n − 2 )! ( n − 2 )!
n2 − n = n n2 − 2n = 0 n ( n − 2) = 0
n = 0 n = 2
Como n e n 2 , temos que n = 0 n = 2 .
3.2. ( n + 2)!− 5 ( n + 1)!− 21n! = 0
( n + 2 )( n + 1) n!− 5 ( n + 1) n!− 21n! = 0
( n + 2)( n + 1) − 5 ( n + 1) − 21 = 0
n2 + 3n + 2 − 5n − 5 − 21 = 0
2022/2023 Matemática A 12º ano
n 2 − 2n − 24 = 0
2 ( −2 ) − 4 ( −24 )
2
n=
2
n = −4 n = 6
Como n 0 , temos n=6.
( n + 2 )! = 6 ( n + 2 )( n + 1) n! = 6
4. ( n + 2 )( n + 1) = 6 n2 + 3n + 2 = 6
n! n!
−3 9 + 16
n 2 + 3n = 4 n = n = −4 n = 1
2
Como n , n = 1 .
180 179 142 141 180 179 ... 142 141 140! 180!
5. = = = 180C40
40! 40! 140! 40! 140!
Exercício
Resolução
n ( n − 1) ... ( n − p + 1) n ( n − 1) ... ( n − p + 1) ( n − p )! n!
6. = = = nC p
p! p !( n − p )! p !( n − p )!
de p ! .
Resolução