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INDEX
SR. NO. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. TOPIC PAGE NO.

Definition Introduction (Non-recyclable Waste) Landfill Incineration Anaerobic Digestion Composting Waste compaction Webliography

3 3 3 4 4-5 5-6 6 7

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Method of Disposing Non-Recyclable Waste

Definition:Nom-recyclable waste is solid waste which are not processed nor reclaimed by a waste management system or already sorted out. The disposal of these materials are a rising concern in many parts of the developed world where environmental alertness has been a rising trend.

Non-recyclable Waste
All households must have a bin for the non-recyclable waste. The following will be placed in the bin for the non-recyclable waste:  Wrapping, bags and packaging (plastic, card, paper)  Dirty, wet paper and cardboard  Toothpaste tubes  China and ceramics, window, mirror and car  Windscreen glass  Nappies, sanitary towels  Vacuum cleaners dust bags, cigarette ends, chewing Gum  Gift wrapping, disposable plates and cups, plastic cutlery  Polystyrene packaging  Light bulbs, smoke detectors without the batteries  Empty aerosol or spray bottles  Unusable clothing and footwear  Drink cartons (unless they are taken to separate recycling) Other waste not fit for recycling  Used car tyres  NO organic waste  NO toxic waste or construction waste  NO gravelling Non-recyclable waste will end up at the dumping ground to be buried. It does not contain any of the recyclable waste because of prior sorting out.
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Method of Disposing Non-Recyclable Waste

The more waste we generate, the more we have to dispose off. Some methods of waste disposal release air pollutants and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Waste recycling offers one means of reducing the impacts of waste disposal on the atmosphere, but there are other methods of waste disposal which are more environmentally friendly.

1. Landfill
The most common disposal methods, particularly in the India, are landfill and to a lesser extent incineration. Each year million tonnes of waste (household, commercial and industrial waste) are disposed of in landfill sites in the India. Some waste from sewage sludge is also placed in landfill sites, along with waste from mining and quarrying. There are over 40000 landfill sites in the India. As landfill waste decomposes, methane is released in considerable quantities. Currently it is estimated that over 1.5 million tonnes of methane are released by landfill sites in the India each year. Methane is a strong greenhouse gas and contributes to global warming. Furthermore, the leachate fluids formed from decomposing waste can permeate through the underlying and surrounding geological strata, polluting groundwater which may be used for drinking water supplies. Containment landfills however, can limit the spread of this waste leachate.

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2. Incineration
Incineration is the second largest waste disposal method in most countries. Incineration is a disposal method that involves combustion of waste material. Incineration is the burning of waste in temperatures ranging from 1,800F to 2,000F (982C to 1093C). Incineration and other high temperature waste treatment systems are sometimes described as "thermal treatment". Incinerators convert waste materials into heat, gas, steam, and ash. Incineration is carried out both on a small scale by individuals and on a large scale by industry. It is used to dispose of solid, liquid and gaseous waste. It is recognized as a practical method of disposing of certain hazardous waste materials (such as biological medical waste). Incineration is a controversial method of waste disposal, due to issues such as emission of gaseous pollutants.

3. Anaerobic Digestion
A less common but more sustainable method of waste disposal is anaerobic digestion. In this process waste decomposes in an enclosed chamber, unlike in a landfill site. Digestion takes place in an oxygen-free environment. Bacteria thrive in this environment by using the oxygen that is chemically combined within the waste. They decompose waste by breaking down the molecules to form gaseous by-products (methane) and small quantities of solid residue. Anaerobic sewage plants produce significant quantities of methane, which can be burnt to generate electricity. Liquid and solid organic fertilisers are also formed, and can be sold to cover operating costs. For several years, sewage sludge and agricultural waste has been treated by anaerobic digestion, and the process is now being used for municipal solid waste.
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It requires the biodegradable section of the waste to be separated from other material and put into digestion chambers. Currently, Mumbai has only a small number of plants, and each can handle only a few hundred tonnes of waste each year. However, the usage of anaerobic digestion as a sustainable waste disposal method is forecast to increase. Many other countries already utilise anaerobic digestion to dispose of large amounts of waste. Denmark for example, treats 1.1 million tonnes of waste by anaerobic digestion every year.

4. Composting
As well as recycling waste, individuals can adopt more sustainable ways of disposing it. One way is to compost any organic waste such as food and garden waste. Organic waste breaks down over a few weeks into mulch which can be used as a soil fertilizer.

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Individual households have practiced small-scale composting for many years, and the Government is now encouraging this on a wider scale. Large-scale composting schemes are also being developed, with the collection of organic waste from parks and civic amenity sites. Garden and food wastes are collected directly from households in separate curbside collections. Large central facilities can then compost the collected organic waste. These schemes are to help the India meet its target of recycling and composting 33% of household waste by 2015.

4. Waste compaction
Waste compaction is the process of compacting waste. It is often used to reduce the size of waste material. Garbage compactors and waste collection vehicles compress waste so that more of it can be stored in the same space. It is compacted again, more thoroughly, at the landfill to conserve valuable space and to make the landfill more stable.

Waste Compactor

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1. www.wikipedia.org 2. www.scribd.com 3. http://www.ci.azusa.ca.us

Thank You

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