Você está na página 1de 12

www.dailyautocad.

com
This document is compiled from the articles of the www.dailyautocad.com, which is copyrighted property of Talia Cad Software Ltd..
Copyright 1994-2006 Talia Cad Software Ltd.















Daily AutoCAD
...........................................................................................................................................
-book 11
"Layers"
By Erhan Toker & Orhan Toker






www.dailyautocad.com
This document is compiled from the articles of the www.dailyautocad.com, which is copyrighted property of Talia Cad Software Ltd..
Copyright 1994-2006 Talia Cad Software Ltd.


lottoJoctloo
MosL of us had some Lrouble abouL uslna dlfferenL llneLvpes and colors when we
lnLroduced Lo AuLoCAu. 1he baslc Lrouble here ls LhaL llneLvpes and colors of
AuLoCAu drawlna elemenLs, whlch we call Lhem 'ob[ecL', can be alven from Lhe
laver Lhev belona or asslaned dlrecLlv. 1hls sub[ecL mav be seen as a blL
compllcaLed buL lL ls noL, besldes lL ls effecLlve when vou aeL used Lo Lhe sub[ecL.
1he one, who knows how Lo use lavers, knows uslna AuLoCAu above 30.
8elleve me, l am noL exaaaeraLlna.
LeL us sLarL wlLh Lhe deflnlLlon of LALk. 1hlnk abouL lavers ln AuLoCAu ln LhaL
wav: ?ou are drawlna ln a LradlLlonal wav. ?ou draw walls on aceLaLe, doors on
anoLher one and llkewlse all parLs of Lhe drawlna on separaLe aceLaLe. laclna
Lhem one on Lhe Lop of Lhe oLher, vou see Lhe whole drawlna. lf vou do noL wanL
Lo see Lhe doors, vou can [usL Lake Lhe relevanL aceLaLe ouL. 1haL's exacLlv whaL
'laver manaaemenL' does.
Conslderlna Lhe properLles of lavers on a dlalLal plaLform, of course Lhelr usaae ls
so much advanced. LeL us Lake a look aL Lhe aeneral properLles of a laver:

llaure 1
1exL or lnLeaer values are asslaned accordlna Lo Lhe characLerlsLlcs of Lhe
properLles seen ln Lhe Lable. lor lnsLance, a laver color code can be 82 (from an
lndex of 233 colors), [69, 2, 72] as a Lrue color (8C8 code) or '8AL 1001 (color
book code). Samelv, oLher properLles are asslaned accordlna Lo Lhelr
characLerlsLlcs.
AuLoCAu drawlna ob[ecLs also have properLles for color, llneLvpe and llnewelahL
llke lavers. LeL us examlne Lhe relaLed Lable below (llaure 2).

llaure 2
1
www.dailyautocad.com
This document is compiled from the articles of the www.dailyautocad.com, which is copyrighted property of Talia Cad Software Ltd..
Copyright 1994-2006 Talia Cad Software Ltd.
As vou can see, Lhe aeneral properLles of lavers and ob[ecLs are noL dlfferenL.
1haL ls because, lavers are also AuLoCAu drawlna ob[ecLs. 8uL ob[ecLs can have
Lhelr properLles from '8v 8lock' or '8v Laver' opLlons dlfferenLlv from lavers. 1hls
ls Lhe polnL LhaL separaLes Lhe experlenced and non-experlenced AuLoCAu user.
1he color, llneLvpe and llnewelahL properLles of all AuLoCAu ob[ecLs are asslaned
as '8v Laver' as defaulL. 1haL ls llke savlna Lhe ob[ecL, 'Lake color, llneLvpe and
llnewelahL asslanmenLs from Lhe laver'. Lxperlenced users prefer Lhls wav, draw
all ob[ecLs ln correspondlna lavers and chanae properLles for color, llneLvpe and
llnewelahL from Lhe laver.
1he reason ls slmple. An archlLecLural drawlna has an averaae llne of 1000-1300
for walls. ?ou could have Lo deal wlLh Lhose llnes one bv one when vou wanL Lo
chanae someLhlna lf vou dld noL deflne a laver for wall, draw all llnes ln LhaL
laver and use Lhe properLles asslaned for LhaL laver. urawlna all llnes ln 'WALL'
laver, lL ls enouah Lo chanae Lhe laver properLv Lo chanae a properLv for all llnes.
Lven Lhouah Lhls flrsL arLlcle of 'Lavers' ls LheoreLlcal, l wanL Lo menLlon abouL
seLLlna Lhe ob[ecL properLles slnce Lhe sub[ecL ls lmporLanL. 1he Lhree properLles
menLloned above are seL Lo '8v Laver' as defaulL when AuLoCAu ls opened.
1hese seLLlnas can be seen ln Lhe menu (llaure 3).

llaure 3
lf Lhe menu ls noL Lurned on, vou have Lo rlahL-cllck on Lhe lcon menu and cllck
'roperLles'. lor Lhose uslna command llne defaulL color can be seL Lo '8?LA?L8'
bv CLCCLCk command, defaulL llneLvpe can be seL Lo '8?LA?L8' bv CLL1L
command and defaulL llnewelahL can be seL Lo '8?LA?L8' bv CLLWLIGn1
command. 8uL even for a hlsLorlcal command llne user llke me prefers lcon
menu slnce lL ls verv pracLlcal. Powever, Lhere ls a Lrouble abouL lcon menu. lf
one or more ob[ecLs are selecLed, onlv Lhose ob[ecLs' properLles wlll chanae. lf lL
ls noL Lhe wav vou wanL, lL ls beLLer presslna 'Lsc' Lwlce before uslna lcon menu.
1hls empLles Lhe selecLlon seL.
We should have undersLood bv now. uefaulL ob[ecL properLles should be seL Lo
'8v Laver'. now, lL ls Llme Lo creaLe and use lavers.
www.dailyautocad.com
This document is compiled from the articles of the www.dailyautocad.com, which is copyrighted property of Talia Cad Software Ltd..
Copyright 1994-2006 Talia Cad Software Ltd.


lA)k ptopettles

l have menLloned color, llneLvpe and llnewelahL properLles of lavers ln mv
prevlous arLlcle. 1hev can be consldered as ob[ecLlve properLles. 8uL Lhev are
also sLaLus properLles (speclal Lo lavers, noL found ln ob[ecLs). LeL us examlne Lhe
Lable below (llaure 1).

llaure 1
1here are no dlfferences lefL beLween lavers Lurned on or off, frozen or Lhawed.
1he onlv dlfference ls LhaL Lurned off lavers are lncluded ln Lhe 'kegenerat|ng
Mode|', Lhus Lhere ls no need Lo reaeneraLe aaaln when Lhev are Lurned on. 8uL
frozen lavers are noL lncluded ln screen operaLlons and reaeneraLlon mav be
requlred when Lhev are Lhawed. CurrenL hardware's provlde fasL processes, even
Lhe operaLlon can noL be recoanlzed bv Lhe user. 8uL sLlll vou mav conslder Lo
freeze useless lavers ln complex drawlnas. lrozen and Lurned off lavers are noL
lncluded ln phvslcal and vlsual operaLlons llke MCvL or CC?. 1hev are noL also
consldered durlna renderlna operaLlon. uo noL foraeL frozen or locked lavers
when vou are scallna or movlna Lhe enLlre drawlna.
Locked lavers , however, are lncluded ln all vlsual operaLlons. 1haL means Lhev
are rendered and prlnLed. 8uL phvslcal operaLlons cannoL be done Lo Lhose
lavers. 1hese feaLures of lavers are used ln LemplaLe drawlnas.
1he lavers wlLh ploL funcLlon Lurned off are consldered ln all operaLlons buL
dlsabled onlv durlna Lhe ploL.
CLher opLlons are onlv used ln LA?Cu1 vlew and consldered when a new
vlewporL ls opened. A laver wlll be consldered as frozen ln all vlewporLs lf lL ls seL
Lo 'New V Ireeze' whlch ls an lmporLanL opLlon. ?ou wanL Lo Lurn on or off
2
www.dailyautocad.com
This document is compiled from the articles of the www.dailyautocad.com, which is copyrighted property of Talia Cad Software Ltd..
Copyright 1994-2006 Talia Cad Software Ltd.
dlfferenL lavers ln dlfferenL lavouLs lf vou plan Lo ploL dlfferenL vlews and deLalls
from a slnale drawlna.
Lxplalnlna enouah LheoreLlcal lnformaLlon, lL ls Llme Lo learn how Lo use Lhem.
1o do Lhls, we have 'Layer ropert|es Manager W|ndow' (llaure 2).

llaure 2
1o access Lhw wlndow, vou can slmplv Lvpe 'LALk' or 'LA' lnLo Lhe command
llne. lor Lhose who do noL llke uslna Lhe command llne, Lhere ls also 1CCL8A8
(llaure 3).

llaure 3
AcLuallv vou can do varlous operaLlons vla Loolbar, veL vou have Lo open laver
properLles manaaer Lo creaLe new lavers or conLrol laver operaLlons.
ln Lhe nexL arLlcle, vou are aolna Lo learn how Lo creaLe and use a laver.
www.dailyautocad.com
This document is compiled from the articles of the www.dailyautocad.com, which is copyrighted property of Talia Cad Software Ltd..
Copyright 1994-2006 Talia Cad Software Ltd.


lA)k ptopettles mooooet

1o access Lhe laver manaaer wlndow, slmplv Lvpe 'LALk' or 'LA' lnLo Lhe
command llne. lor pop-up menu users, Lhere ls '1oo|s > Layers' opLlon and for
Loolbar users Lhere ls an lcon ln Lhe mosL lefL of Lhe laver Loolbar. All opens Lhe
same wlndow seen ln llaure 1.

llaure 1
lllLers can be formed ln Lhe lefL parL of Lhe wlndow. 1he maln parL ls deslaned
for laver llsL and properLles. 1he more lavers are creaLed Lhe more Lhe llsL aeLs
compllcaLed. 1hus uslna Lhe fllLers mav become verv useful. 1o undersLand
fllLerlna, please refer Lo relevanL arLlcles. LeL us now examlne Lhe commands ln
Lhe wlndow (llaure 2).

llaure 2
J
www.dailyautocad.com
This document is compiled from the articles of the www.dailyautocad.com, which is copyrighted property of Talia Cad Software Ltd..
Copyright 1994-2006 Talia Cad Software Ltd.
1o creaLe a new laver, press Lhe 'New Layer' buLLon. upon presslna Lhe buLLon,
Lhe lasL selecLed laver ls copled wlLh lLs properLles and readv Lo be named
(llaure 3).

llaure 3
lf vou do noL wanL Lo copv anv characLerlsLlc, selecL '0' laver (conslderlna vou dld
noL chanae anvLhlna for Lhe laver '0'). 1hls ls a speclal laver whlch l wlll Louch on
laLer. lor lnsLance, names llke '1', '2' and '3' mean noLhlna for Lhe copv cenLer
sLaff even lf vou know evervLhlna abouL Lhose lavers. Moreover, vou mav be
crlLlclzed.
CreaLlna a laver wlLh 'New Layer V Irozen |n A|| V|ewports' opLlon makes LhaL
laver frozen ln all LavouLs and vlewporLs. Lven lL ls cerLaln ln whlch wlndow a
laver ls on or off ln a svsLemaLlc offlce, lL ls noL pracLlcal ln mosL wavs. lL ls
usuallv Lhe besL wav Lo arranae Lhe lavers ln all vlewporLs when Lhe drawlna ls
flnlshed and readv Lo ploL. We wlll Louch on Lhls sub[ecL aL Lhe end of Lhls serles
of arLlcles.
LxlsLlna lavers can be erased bv 'De|ete Layer' opLlon lf Lhev do noL conLaln anv
ob[ecLs. ?eL, vou cannoL deleLe '0' and 'Defpo|nts' lavers.
1he worklna laver ls selecLed bv '5et Current' opLlon. 1he selecLed one should
noL be frozen. AparL from aeneral menu, each laver has a small menu as well
(llaure 4). AcLuallv, lL ls noL correcL Lo name lL 'menu'.

llaure 4
1here are lcons and wrlLlnas abouL Lhe sLaLus of Lhe laver alona Lhe llne nexL Lo
lL. ?ou can edlL Lhe relaLed properLv bv cllcklna lL. SLaLus lcons work as a swlLch.
lor lnsLance, vellow sun lcon means Lhe laver ls Lhawed and arev sun means Lhe
laver ls frozen. new wlndows mav be appeared when properLles are cllcked. lor
example, llneLvpe wlndow comes up when llneLvpe properLv ls cllcked (llaure 3).

llaure 3
www.dailyautocad.com
This document is compiled from the articles of the www.dailyautocad.com, which is copyrighted property of Talia Cad Software Ltd..
Copyright 1994-2006 Talia Cad Software Ltd.
usaae of lavers ls LhaL easv. CreaLe Lhe lavers one bv one and sLarL Lo use Lhem.
1here are usuallv laver sLandards ln companles. ?ou can add sLandard lavers lnLo
a drawlna LemplaLe lf vou do noL wanL Lo creaLe lavers aaaln and aaaln for each
drawlna. Copvlna lavers from anoLher drawlna ls anoLher opLlon. l am aolna Lo
explaln lL laLer.

lA)k ptopettv flltets

I|g. 1 - Layer ropert|es Manager.
lf vou have Lhls much of lavers ln vour drawlnas, lL ls verv dlfflculL Lo choose Lhe
one LhaL we wlll work on lL amona Lhem. lor Lhls reason, AuLoCAu has
lnLroduced properLv fllLers ln lavers wlndow.
Powever, as usual l wlll assume LhaL vou have pald aLLenLlon ln namlna lavers
whlle vou work wlLh Lhem. ln Lhls llsL, vou can see Lhe lavers creaLed bv a
sofLware LhaL ls prepared bv our companv. reflx asslaned Lo our companv bv
AuLouLSk ls '1AL_'. So LhaL's whv we are sLarLlna all Lhe names of lavers LhaL we
use ln our proarams wlLh '1AL_'. 8v dolna Lhls, we are ellmlnaLlna all Lhe posslble
namlna colncldences wlLh lavers LhaL mav be creaLed bv oLher sofLware or Lhe
user. AfLer Lhe preflx, Lhere ls 2D/3D" parL whlch shows LhaL wheLher Lhe laver
belonas Lo a 2D or 3D drawlna enLlLv. 1he remalnlna parL shows whlch module
Lhe laver ls relaLed Lo. uue Lo Lhe facL LhaL we have also asslaned render maLerlal
Lo lavers, Lhev sLarL wlLh '1AL_3D_kLNDLk_'. AfLer explalnlna abouL our laver
4
www.dailyautocad.com
This document is compiled from the articles of the www.dailyautocad.com, which is copyrighted property of Talia Cad Software Ltd..
Copyright 1994-2006 Talia Cad Software Ltd.
namlna svsLem shorLlv, leL's move on Lo Lhe fllLer manaaemenL wlndow. llrsL of
all, l would llke Lo remlnd vou LhaL Lhe wlndow shown ln I|g. 1 ls acLlvaLed bv
LALk command. 1he llsL LhaL ls on Lhe lefL half of Lhls wlndow ls reserved for
fllLers. LeL's qulcklv creaLe a new fllLer.

I|g. 2 - New property f||ter command.
8v Lhe help of buLLon, seen ln I|g. 2, leL's creaLe our flrsL laver properLv fllLer. As
soon as we press Lhls buLLon, a new wlndow shown ln I|g. 3 wlll open up.

I|g.3 - Layer property f||ter def|n|t|on w|ndow.
Lach fllLer shall have a name. As we wlll llsL 2u lavers ln our flrsL fllLer, l am
selecLlna lLs name as '2D' also. ?ou can fllLer all of Lhe lavers accordlna Lo all of
Lhelr properLles. ln Lhls conLexL, due Lo Lhe facL LhaL we are onlv deallna wlLh Lhe
name, we wrlLe '1AL_2D_*' ln Lhe cell under 'Name'. '*' characLer ls used as
[oker characLer ln AuLoCAu and means evervLhlna. ln Lhls case, we can see all of
Lhe lavers sLarLlna wlLh 1AL_2D_. Anvwav, vou wlll alreadv see onlv Lhe 2u lavers
ln Lhe 'I||ter rev|ew' wlndow as soon as vou wrlLe lL. ?ou have alreadv noLlced
LhaL, we can puL more Lhan one llne ln Lhe deflnlLlon of fllLer. ln such cases, Lhere
ls -AND- loalcal relaLlonshlp beLween Lhe llnes, l.e. as lf savlna llst oll tbe lovets
bovloo cooJltloos lo 1st lloe ooJ 2oJ lloe". lor now, leL's close Lhls wlndow bv
savlna Ck, and prepare anoLher fllLer slmllarlv for 3u lavers. name of Lhls fllLer
www.dailyautocad.com
This document is compiled from the articles of the www.dailyautocad.com, which is copyrighted property of Talia Cad Software Ltd..
Copyright 1994-2006 Talia Cad Software Ltd.
wlll be '3D' and lLs fllLer name wlll be '1AL_3D_*'. llnallv, leL's creaLe anoLher
one wlLh 'kender' name and '1AL_3D_kLNDLk_*' fllLer name.

I|g. 4 - Wh||e the f||ters are work|ng.
now, Lhe laver properLles manaaer should look llke as shown ln I|g. 4. Powever,
when we choose '3D', lavers relaLed Lo render are also llsLed. 1hls wlll make our
work harder. lor Lhls reason, leL's rlahL cllck on '3D' fllLer and selecL
'ropert|es.' and leL's enLer Lhe fllLer deflnlLlon aaaln. (I|g. 5)

I|g.5 .
www.dailyautocad.com
This document is compiled from the articles of the www.dailyautocad.com, which is copyrighted property of Talia Cad Software Ltd..
Copyright 1994-2006 Talia Cad Software Ltd.
8v Lhe modlflcaLlon we have done ln Lhe fllLer name, we speclfled LhaL we wanL
Lo choose all of Lhe 3u lavers LhaL sLarL wlLh 1AL_3D_ buL [usL afLer LhaL does noL
lnclude -k- leLLer. When we reLurn back Lo Lhe laver conLrol wlndow, we wlll see
LhaL we have almosL made Lhls llsL clear. llnallv, leL me llsL speclal characLers
LhaL are used for name caLchlna:

1ab|e 1 - Ioker character ||st.
1haLs all. Pope see vou aaaln
www.dailyautocad.com
This document is compiled from the articles of the www.dailyautocad.com, which is copyrighted property of Talia Cad Software Ltd..
Copyright 1994-2006 Talia Cad Software Ltd.


Otooolzotloo of lovets loslJe tbe
bloos
AuLhor: Crhan 1oker
Pello,
?esLerdav, Lren has sLarLed hls serles of arLlcles abouL blocks. 1here are several
advanLaaes of uslna blocks ln AuLoCAu. ?ou can read Lhese advanLaaes ln Lhe
flrsL arLlcle of hls serles (8locks l). ln addlLlon, bv oraanlzlna Lhe blocks ln a more
clever wav, vou can lncrease Lhe beneflLs aalned from uslna blocks. ln Lhls arLlcle,
l wlll explaln abouL oraanlzaLlon of lavers lnslde Lhe blocks. As vou know, blocks
are deflnlLlons LhaL lnclude AuLoCAu enLlLles and a cerLaln lnserLlon polnL lnslde
Lhem. As an example, vou can draw a Lable bv lLs four leas, one slab and posslblv
a alass. 1hus, Lhls ls a aroup LhaL ls made up of slx numbers of quadrllaLerals. All
of Lhese enLlLles all LoaeLher resemble a Lable (I|g. 1).

I|g. 1 My s|mp|e 1A8LL b|ock.
1hlnk of Lhls shape as a block named as 1A8LL. ln Lhe deflnlLlon of mv 1A8LL
block, Lhere ls one Lable slab, four numbers of meLal leas and one alass panel.
Whlle creaLlna Lhe block, l used 1AL_1_WCCu, 1AL_1_CLASS and 1AL_1_ ML1AL
lavers (1 leLLer LhaL l used ln Lhe mlddle of laver names represenL word Lable). 8v
Lhls wav, Lhese lavers are also deflned lnslde Lhe deflnlLlon of Lhe block. Assume
LhaL afLer creaLlna Lhe block, we used 1AL_lu8nl1u8L laver for lnserLlna
furnlshlna elemenLs aL Lhe several locaLlons lnslde Lhe drawlna. When we wanL
Lhe Lable Lo look wlLhouL alass, lL wlll be enouah Lo freeze 1AL_S_CLASS laver.
noLe LhaL, lf lavers of Lhe enLlLles LhaL are used lnslde Lhe block ls zero, Lhen
block wlll Lake Lhe properLles of Lhe laver we use whlle lnserLlna Lhe block.
As lL can be undersLood from Lhls slmple example, lf vou carefullv selecL, arranae
and name Lhe lavers LhaL vou use lnslde Lhe blocks, Lhen vou can use Lhe same
block for dlfferenL purposes.

5

Você também pode gostar