!aterial contained in this publication is in the public domain and ma be reproduced, full or partiall, without permission of the %ederal &overnment. The reader should consult current administrative interpretations and decisions b the Occupational Safet and Health #eview $ommission and the courts.
!aterial contained in this publication is in the public domain and ma be reproduced, full or partiall, without permission of the %ederal &overnment. The reader should consult current administrative interpretations and decisions b the Occupational Safet and Health #eview $ommission and the courts.
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!aterial contained in this publication is in the public domain and ma be reproduced, full or partiall, without permission of the %ederal &overnment. The reader should consult current administrative interpretations and decisions b the Occupational Safet and Health #eview $ommission and the courts.
Direitos autorais:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Formatos disponíveis
Baixe no formato DOC, PDF, TXT ou leia online no Scribd
This information booklet is intended to provided a generic, nonexhaustive overview of a particular standards-related topic. This publication does not itself alter or determine compliance responsibilities, which are set forth in OSHA standards themselves and the Occupational Safet and Health Act. !oreover, because interpretations and enforcement polic ma change over time, for additional guidance on OSHA compliance re"uirements, the reader should consult current administrative interpretations and decisions b the Occupational Safet and Health #eview $ommission and the courts. !aterial contained in this publication is in the public domain and ma be reproduced, full or partiall, without permission of the %ederal &overnment. Source credit is re"uested b not re"uired. This information will be made available to sensor impaired individuals upon re"uest. 'oice phone( )*+*, *-.-/*0.1 Telecommunications 2evice for the 2eaf )T22, message referral phone( --/++-3*4-*055
This report was written b Anthon 2. 6rown Mobile Crane Inspection Guidelines for OSHA Compliance Officers 7S 2epartment of 8abor #obert 6. #eich, Secretar Occupational Safet and Health Administration 9oseph 2ear, Assistant Secretar Office of $onstruction and :ngineering $harles &. $ulver, 2irector 9une -..; TABLE OF CONTENTS A$<=O>8:2&:!:=TS A6ST#A$T :?:$7T@': S7!!A#A -.+ @=T#O27$T@O= *.+ !O6@8: $#A=:S *.- 8ifting Brinciples *.* Operational $onsiderations 3.+ #:C7@#:!:=TS %O# !O6@8: $#A=:S 3.- OSHA $onstruction #e"uirements 3.* AS!:DA=S@ and B$SA #e"uirements ;.+ @=SB:$T@=& A !O6@8: $#A=: ;.- Breinspection ;.* $rane Setup ;.3 :lectrical HaEards ;.; 8oad $harts ;.0 Safe Operating Brecautions ;.4 @nspection Tpes ;.5 Starting the @nspection ;./ Specific @nspection @tems and #eferences ABB:=2@? A - &:=:#A8 T:#!S A=2 2:%@=@T@O=S ABB:=2@? 6 - &:=:#A8 8OA2 $HA#TS A=2 OB:#AT@O=A8 $O=S@2:#AT@O=S ABB:=2@? $ - 6AS@$ $#A=: $O!BO=:=TS ACNO!LE"GEMENTS Staff from the OSHA =ational Office provided assistance in preparing this report. !ike !arshall and $huck Hardest, Office of $onstruction and :ngineering1 Ted Twardowski, Office of $onstruction and $ivil :ngineering Safet Standards provided initial information and reviewed comments1 9ames $alvert, :ngineer in Training, tped and edited the report, and developed charts, tables, and graphics for the report. >illiam Smith, 2irector of Safet and Health, @nternational 7nion of Operating :ngineers1 #ichard &iacin, Administrator, 8ocal ;5/, @nternational 7nion of Operating :ngineers, !eridan, $T.1 and Scott 6uck, Safet 2irector, 8ocal -0+, @nternational 7nion of Operating :ngineers, Blainfield, @8, contributed technical assistance, photographs and review comments throughout the proFect. @ndividual members of the AS!:DA=S@ 63+ $ommittee, provided technical information, materials, pictures and continual review comments. Those members include( Baul Gorich, 7.S. 2epartment of the =av and $hair of the 63+ $ommittee1 Theodore A. $hristensen, 8ibert !utual @nsurance $o1 6radle 2. $losson, Bresident, =orth American $rane 6ureau, >est1 9ames 9. Headle, Bresident, $rane @nstitute of America, @nc.1 $arson 8. Hunecutt, :"uipment Operations !anager, 9.A. 9ones, @nc.1 :dward :. #ud, 7.S. 2epartment of the Arm1 and #obert $. >ild, 7.S. Arm $orps of :ngineers. A special thanks to 8eon )Skip, S. 9ohnson, American :"uipment $ompan for his technical assistance and review comments and in ac"uiring photographs and video footage of a simulated crane inspection on a %lour 2aniels, @nc., construction proFect in 8A. Steve Beterson, Training !anager, American $rane $orporation, 2ennis :ckstine, 2irector, Broduct Safet, &rove $orp., and 2an >olff, !anager for :ngineering, =ational $rane $orp. for review comments and technical assistance. Tom <ollins, 'ice Bresident, SpecialiEed $arriers and #iggers Association, S$H#A, through the membership, provided assistance and initial evaluation of contents and format. ABST#ACT This document provides background information about lifting principles and serves as a guideline for inspecting mobile construction cranes. The relationship of man components of cranes and their inter-dependence in lifting operations, OSHA re"uirements for proper maintenance schedules, and safe crane operations will be discussed in this document. This document contains a listing and description of maFor components or operations to be considered or examined when inspecting lifting e"uipment. Two tpes of commonl used cranes, a crawler lattice boom crane and a hdraulic rough terrain crane, were selected as examples in developing these guidelines. 2escriptive text and photographs illustrate -/ inspection items critical to most crane inspections. E$EC%TI&E S%MMA#' 2 OSHA compliance officers, proFect safet and health managers, and insurance inspectors are often re"uired to inspect construction cranes. @nspections normall include length checklists that identif mechanical components and maintenance schedules without ade"uate descriptions or explanations, pertinent to the relationship between these components and the craneIs overall function. Although some crane inspection checklist items are self-explanator, it must be recogniEed that due to increasing applications of developing technolog in the design and manufacture of cranes, OSHA compliance officers need a better understanding of crane operations and their basic lifting principles, and to keep abreast of related developments in todaIs construction industr. Since cranes affect a large segment of work at an construction site, crane inspections b the compliance officer and proFect safet manager must include a surve of the entire operation "uestions on how the crane will be operating and how other crafts will be affected b working with and around the crane. Observing crane operations prior to an inspection, or asking "uestions about how it will or has been operating, can indicate possible problem areas that ma need a closer review during the inspection process. This document provides an overview and background information on lifting principles of mobile cranes for OSHA inspectors. Also discussed is the relationship between various components of mobile cranes to their lifting capacit and the manufacturersI re"uirements for conducting proper maintenance schedules are also discussed. Tpical $onstruction Site 8oad 6lock 8owered for @nspection 3 ()* Introduction Over the past few decades, there has been a significant increase in the cost of cranes due in part to improved engineering design and specific Fob site re"uirements. Toda, manufacturers design and build stronger and lighter cranes in response to specific industr needs. Speed, utilit, capacit, and reach )radius, have been improved to the point that the crane has become an indispensable workhorse for construction. Therefore, a more thorough understanding of cranes, their capabilities and limitations is criticall important for everone involved in construction toda. The crane can perform safel and economicall when operated within the design parameters set b the manufacturer. !odern #inger $rane 0++-Ton $apacit 2ue to significant advances in lifting technolog, crane operators, site supervisors, safet professionals, and OSHA compliance officers need to keep abreast of modern crane technolog and changes in operating procedures to help them recogniEe problems before potentiall unsafe conditions lead to accidents that result in inFuries andDor fatalities, as well as e"uipment damages. >ith these factors in mind, the need for a better understanding of crane operations and the implementation of appropriate maintenance schedules is evident in preventing accidents. A recent stud b 2on 2ickie, a recogniEed crane authorit with the $onstruction Safet Association of Ontario, indicates that although mechanical failures represent onl --J of the causes of crane accidents, the usuall result in the maFor accidents involving inFuries, fatalities, substantial material costs, and usuall spectacular media coverage. Studies and analses of crane accidents involving mechanical failure show the are fre"uentl due to a lack of preventive maintenance or ade"uate training andDor experience on the part of the personnel involved. @t is important that not onl crane operators but also other personnel working with cranes receive training in crane operations. $ranes and associated rigging e"uipment must be inspected regularl to identif an existing or potentiall unsafe conditions. @n addition, preventive maintenance must be performed as re"uired b the crane manufacturer andDor the supplier to ensure safe crane operation. The inspections performed b OSHA compliance officers andDor other safet professionals also can pla an important role b identifing haEards as well as safe crane operations. This report addresses maFor issues related to the crane itself and provide some basic information on crane capacities and inspection criteria for OSHA compliance officers. Since it would be difficult for a single report to full address all tpes of cranes available in todaIs market, two tpes of cranes tpicall found on construction sites are discussed in this report. Some of the issues encountered during inspections cover the following three areas( Basic Crane Operations + 8ifting principlesDmechanics and some operational criteria. T,pical Crane inspection C-ec.list + 8isting of critical items and components recommended for periodic inspection. #e/ulations + %ederal OSHA regulations and applicable AS!:DA=S@ and B$SA standards. 4 This report also contains general guidelines for crane inspections, as well as some suggested operational considerations and inspection items recogniEed b a number of construction companies. $ranes are designed for both general use and for specific purposes. Similar to the vast automobile industr, crane manufacturers produce similar models or tpes of cranes for the same purpose, often with different siEes of the same model of crane. :ach tpe, model, or siEe of crane manufactured, ma have different operating controls and re"uire specialiEed operator training, individualiEed inspection criteria, and different preventive maintenance schedules. Two commonl used cranes, a hdraulic rough terrain crane and a crawler lattice boom friction crane, are shown as examples for developing this document. There are several significant differences between these two cranes, primaril in boom hoist and load line controls. The somewhat smooth operation of the boom control adFustments on the hdraulic cranes ma suggest falsel to the novice operator or inspector that it is a simple crane to operate. On the other hand, the lattice boom friction cranesI movement in its boom, or its adFustment in load position tend to be a little Ferk re"uiring more skill and experience to operate smoothl. Another clear difference between the two tpes of cranes is their load charts. 2ue to the fixed boom length, the lattice boom friction crane has a somewhat simplified load chart. This re"uires extensive motion control and an anticipation of boom movement to accuratel lift or place loads. $onversel, the hdraulic craneIs load charts are more extensive or complicated due to the variations in boom length thus re"uiring more training in the multiple charts available. The differences between these two tpes of cranes are significant enough to re"uire specific training on each tpe of crane. $rane operators cannot be expected to be totall knowledgeable and proficient in the operation of the man diverse tpes of cranes available toda. The cannot be expected to move from one tpe of crane to another without ade"uate education and training on the specifics of each piece of e"uipment. 'ariet of $rawler #ough Terrain )#DT, $rane 5 !obile $rawler $rane OperatorIs 'iew 8attice 6oom 0)* Mobile Cranes 0)( Liftin/ 1rinciples There are four basic lifting principles that govern a craneIs mobilit and safet during lifting operations( -. Center of Gravity The center of gravit of an obFect is the point in the obFect where its weight can be assumed to be concentrated or, stated in another wa, it is the point in the obFect around which its weight is evenl distributed. The location of the center of gravit of a mobile crane depends primaril on the weight and location of its heaviest components )boom, carrier, upperworks and counterweight,. *. Leverage $ranes use the principle of leverage to lift loads. #otation of the upperworks )cab, boom, counterweight, load, changes the location of the craneIs center of gravit, its leverage point or fulcrum. As the upperworks rotates, the leverage of a mobile crane fluctuates. This rotation causes the craneIs center of gravit to change and causes the distance between the craneIs center of gravit and its tipping axis to also change. Stabilit can be effected b the fluctuating leverage the crane exerts on the load as it swings. The craneIs rated capacit is therefore altered in the load chart to compensate for those changes in leverage. Brovided the ground is capable of supporting the load, a crane can be made more stable b moving the tipping axis further awa from its center of gravit. The extra stabilit gained b moving the tipping axis can then be used to carr largerDheavier loads. @=$#:AS:2 STA6@8@TA K !O#: 8OA2 3. Stability @s the relationship of the load weight, angle of the boom and its radius )distance from the cranes center of rotation to the center of load, to the center of gravit of the load. The stabilit of a crane could also be effected b the support on which the crane is resting. A craneIs load rating is generall developed for operations under ideal conditions, i.e., a level firm surface. 7nlevel surfaces or soft ground therefore must be avoided. @n areas where soft ground poses a support problem for stabilit, mats and or blocking should be used to distribute a craneIs load and maintain a level stable condition. @n addition to overturning )stabilit failure,, cranes can fail structurall if overloaded enough. Structural failure ma occur before a stabilit failure. @n other words, a mobile craneIs structure ma fail long before it tips. As loads are added beond its rated capacit, a crane ma fail structurall before there is an sign of tipping. Structural failure is not limited to total fracture1 it includes all permanent damage such as overstressing, bending and twisting of an of the components. >hen a crane is overstressed, the damage ma not be apparent. =evertheless, a structural failure has occurred and overstressed components are then subFect to catastrophic failure at some future time. ;. Structural Integrity The craneIs main frame, crawler track andDor outrigger supports, boom sections, and attachments are all considered part of the structural integrit of lifting. in addition, all wire ropes, including stationar supports or attachment points, help determine lifting capacit and are part of the overall structural integrit of a craneIs lifting capacit. The following elements ma also affect structural integrit( The load chart capacit in relationship to stabilit1 The boom angle limitations which affect stabilit and capacit1 and The knowledge of the length of boom and radius in determining capacit. 6 Stabilit failures are foreseeable, but in structural failure it is almost impossible to predict what component will fail at an given time. =o matter what the cause, if the crane is overloaded, structural failure can occur. 0)0 Operational Considerations $ranes are carefull designed, tested, and manufactured for safe operation. >hen used properl the can provide safe reliable service to lift or move loads. 6ecause cranes have the abilit to lift heav loads to great heights, the also have an increased potential for catastrophic accidents if safe operating practices are not followed. $rane operators and personnel working with cranes need to be knowledgeable of basic crane capacities, limitations, and specific Fob site restrictions, such as location of overhead electric power lines, unstable soil, or high wind conditions. Bersonnel working around crane operations also need to be aware of hoisting activities or an Fob restrictions imposed b crane operations, and ensure Fob site coordination of cranes. $rane inspectors therefore should become aware of these issues and, prior to starting an inspection, take time to observe the overall crane operations with respect to load capacit, site coordination, and an Fob site restrictions in effect. #ough Terrain )#DT, ;0-Ton $rane -0+-Ton $rawler 8attice 6oom )Hdraulic $rane, %riction $rane 7 2)* #e3uirements For Mobile Cranes 2)( OSHA Construction #e3uirements A review of the OSHA crane standards provide a basis for a crane inspection. $onstruction crane standards re"uirements are found in Subpart =, *. $%# -.*4.00+. Some ke re"uirements state that( )-, The emploer shall compl with the manufacturerIs specifications and limitations applicable to the operation of an and all cranes and derricks. >here manufacturerIs specifications are not available, the limitations assigned to the e"uipment shall be based on the determinations of a "ualified engineer competent in this field and such determinations will be appropriatel documented and recorded. Attachments used with cranes shall not exceed the capacit, rating, or scope recommended b the manufacturer. )*, #ated load capacities, and recommended operating speeds, special haEard warnings, or instruction, shall be conspicuousl posted on all e"uipment. @nstructions or warnings shall be visible to the operator while he is at his control station. )0, The emploer shall designate a competent person who shall inspect all machiner and e"uipment prior to each use, and during use, to make sure it is in safe operating condition. An deficiencies shall be repaired, or defective parts replaced, before continued use. )4, A thorough, annual inspection of the hoisting machiner shall be made b a competent person, or b a government or private agenc recogniEed b the 7.S. 2epartment of 8abor. The emploer shall maintain a record of the dates and results of inspections for each hoisting machine and piece of e"uipment. )-0, :xcept where electrical distribution and transmission lines have been de- energiEed and visibl grounded at point of work or where insulating barriers, not a part of or an attachment to the e"uipment or machiner, have been erected to prevent phsical contact with the lines, e"uipment or machines shall be operated approximate to power lines onl in accordance with the following( )i, %or lines rated 0+ k' or below, minimum clearance between the lines and an part of the crane or load shall be -+ feet1 )ii, %or lines rated over 0+ k', minimum clearance between the lines and an part of the crane or load shall be -+ feet plus +.; inch for each - k' over 0+ k', or twice the length of the line insulator, but never less than -+ feet1 )iv, A person shall be designated to observe clearance of the e"uipment and give timel warning for all operations, where it is difficult for the operator to maintain the desired clearance b visual means1 )vi, An overhead wire shall be considered to be an energiEed line unless and until the person owning such line or the electrical utilit authorities indicate that it is not an energiEed line and it has been visibl grounded. )-4, =o modifications or additions which effect the capacit or safe operation of the e"uipment shall be made b the emploer without the manufacturerIs written approval. @n no case shall the original safet factor of the e"uipment be reduced. To supplement the OSHA standards for $ranes and 2erricks, references are made to applicable AS!:DA=S@ and B$SA standards. The AS!:DA=S@ L63+L series of standards address( L$ranesL, L$ablewasL, L2erricksL, LHoistsL, LHooksL, L9acksL and LSlingsL. %or the purpose of this document AS!:DA=S@ 63+.0, L!obile and 8ocomotive $ranesL will be the reference document for the crane inspection criteria. #eferences also are made to the Bower $rane Shovel Association )B$SA,, Standard =o. *, L!obile it Hdraulic $rane Standards.L 2)0 ASME4ANSI and 1CSA #e3uirements 8 AS!:DA=S@ 63+.0 BS$A Standard =o. * 5)* Inspectin/ A Mobile Crane Since cranes impact such a large segment of work going on at an Fob site, crane inspections )to the OSHA $ompliance Officer and BroFect Safet !anagers, must include a surve, or walk around, of the entire operation that "uestions how the crane will be operating and how other crafts will be effected b working with and around the craneM Observation of crane operations prior to an inspection, or simpl asking how cranes have or will be used, can indicate possible problem areas that ma need a closer review during the inspection process. 5)( 1reinspection 6efore the actual inspection, some general information about the crane operatorIs "ualifications and the craneIs certifications should be gathered, such as( Operator Qualifications Observe the operator in action and when the opportunit permits ask a few "uestion concerning the cranes capacit and restrictions imposed, either due to activit involved in or functional limitations. Crane Records Ask for inspection and maintenance records and verif that the appropriate operatorIs manual and load charts are available for that particular crane in use. 5)0 Crane Setup @n our initial surve of crane operations, look for crane stabilit, phsical obstructions to movement or operation, and proximit of electrical power lines, as well as the following( A. Leveling Has the crane operator set the crane up level and in a position for safe rotation and operationM 6. Outriggers Are the outriggers, where applicable, extended and being used in accordance with manufacturerIs recommendationsM $. Stability The relationship of the load weight, angle of boom, and its radius )the distance from the cranes center of rotation to the center of load, to the center of gravit of the load. Also, the condition of crane loading where the load moment acting to overturn the crane is less than the moment of the crane available to resist overturning. 2. Structural Integrity The craneIs main frame, crawler, track and outrigger supports, boom sections, and attachments are all considered part of structural 9 components of lifting. @n addition, all wire ropes, including stationar supports, help determine lifting capacit and are part of the structural elements of crane operations. 5)2 Electrical Ha6ards >orking around or near electrical power lines is one of the most dangerous practices for crane operations. The OSHA re"uirements limit crane operations to a minimum clearance of -+ feet. $ranes should not be used to handle materials or loads stored under electric power lines. @n addition, operation of mobile cranes near de-energiEed electric power lines is not recommended until the following steps have been taken( The power compan or owner of the power line has deenergiEed the lines. The lines are visibl grounded and appropriatel marked at Fobsite. 2urable warning signs are installed at the operatorIs station and on the outside of the crane identifing the clearance re"uirements between the craneDload and electrical power lines. A "ualified representative of the power compan or owner of the electrical power line are on the Fob site to verif that the power lines have been de- energiEed or properl grounded. 5)5 Load C-arts 8oad $harts are the principle set of instructions and re"uirements for boom configurations and parts of line which establish crane capacit for safe crane operations N . Availability The crane operator must have in hisDher possession the appropriate load charts related to the crane in use and for the loads being lifted. Correct Use The crane operator must show ade"uate understanding and proficient use of the load charts as related to the e"uipment in use and the loads being lifted. 5)7 Safe Operatin/ 1recautions As stated above, cranes are carefull designed, tested, and manufactured for safe operations. >hen used properl the can provide safe reliable service to lift or move loads. 6ecause cranes have the abilit to lift heav loads to great heights, the also have an increased potential for catastrophic accidents if safe. operating practices are not followed. Accidents can be avoided b careful Fob planning. The person in charge must have a clear understanding of the work to be performed and consider all potential dangers at the Fob site. A safet plan must be developed for the Fob and must be explained to all personnel involved in the lift. 6efore operations begin for the da, a walkaround inspection needs to be conducted to ensure that the machine is in proper working condition. Onl "ualified and properl designated people shall operate the crane. #egular inspections are important, the provide a means of detecting potential haEards or conditions that could contribute to a se"uence of events leading to an accident. Safe, reliable, and the economic operation of lifting e"uipment, cannot be ensured without regular safet inspections and thorough preventive maintenance programs. A thorough inspection program can forecast maintenance needs or potential e"uipment failures or malfunctions. The lack of such a program could result in serious deterioration of the e"uipment which might lead to excessive replacement, or repair charges, as well as an increased potential for accidents. 10 N See &eneral 8oad $harts and Operational $onsiderations, Appendix 6. 2ue to the wide variation of conditions under which a crane ma operate, it is impossible for the manufacturer to determine inspection intervals appropriate for ever situation. @nspection intervals recommended in manufacturerIs publications represent minimum intervals for average operating conditions. !ore fre"uent inspection intervals should be re"uired if use and site conditions are severe and warrant it. @nspections are also designed as maintenance checks andDor as a verification that proper repairs or modifications of e"uipment have been completed which, if not checked could affect capacities as well as personnel safet. Since the initial load rating for cranes was determined and set under ideal conditions, inspections are re"uired b manufacturers to guarantee optimal operating efficienc and capacit as determined b the load charts. Tower $rane $ollapse )$leaning 7p 2ebris, The American =ational Standards @nstitute, A=S@ 63+.0, )-.4/,, and OSHA both re"uire inspections be divided into two categories( fre"uent and periodic. @n addition to the performance of these regular inspections, e"uipment is re"uired to be inspected and tested to ensure that it is capable of safe and reliable operation when initiall set or placed in service and after an maFor repairs or an design modification. $rawler $rane Brepared for @nspection 5)8 Inspection T,pes A. Frequent Inspections )dail to monthl intervals,. %re"uent inspections are usuall performed at the start of each shift b the operator who walks around the crane looking for defects or problem areas. $omponents that have a direct bearing on the safet of the crane and whose status can change from da to da with use must be inspected dail, and when possible, observed during operation for an defects that could affect safe operation. To help determine when the crane is safe to operate, dail inspections should be made at the start of each shift. %re"uent inspections should include, but are not limited to the following(
-. $heck that all exposed moving parts are guarded. A removed guard ma indicate that a mechanic is still working on part of the crane. 11 *. 'isuall inspect each component of the crane used in lifting, swinging, or lowering the load or boom for an defects that might result in unsafe operation. 3. @nspect all wire rope )including standing ropes,, sheaves, drums rigging, hardware, and attachments. #emember, an hook that is deformed or cracked must be removed from service. Hooks with cracks, excessive throat openings of -0J, or hook twists of -+ degrees or more, must be removed from service. ;. $heck for freedom of rotation of all swivels. 0. 'isuall inspect the boom and Fib for straightness and an evidence of phsical damage, such as cracking, bending, or an other deformation of the welds. 8ook for corrosion under an attachments that are connected to the chords and lacing. >atch carefull for cracking or flaking of paint. This ma indicate fatigue of the metal which often precedes a failure. On lattice booms, look for bent lacing. @f the are kinked or bent, the main chord can lose substantial support in that area. >hen lacing is bent, the ends also tend to draw together which pulls the main chords out of shape. This precaution is especiall important on tubular booms where ever component must be straight and free from an dents. 2o not attempt to straighten these members b hammering or heating them and drawing them out. The must be cut out and replaced with lacing to the manufacturerIs specifications, procedures, and approval. 4. @nspect tires for cuts, tears, breaks, and proper inflation. 5. 'isuall inspect the crane for fluid leaks, both air and hdraulic. /. 'isuall check that the crane is properl lubricated. The fuel, lubricating oil, coolant and hdraulic oil reservoirs should be filled to proper levels. .. $heck that the crane is e"uipped with a full charged fire extinguisher and that the operator knows how to use it. -+. $heck all functional operating mechanisms such as( sheaves, drums, brakes, locking mechanisms, hooks, the boom, Fib, hook rollers brackets, outrigger components, limit switches, safet devices, hdraulic clinders, instruments, and lights. --. $heck the turntable connections for weld cracks and loose or missing bolts. @f the are loose, there is a good chance that the have been stretched. -*. >hen checking the outriggers be sure that neither the beams nor the clinders are distorted. $heck that the welds are not cracked and that both the beams and clinders extend and retract smoothl and hold the load. $heck the condition of the floats, and check that the are securel attached. -3. @nspect and test all brakes and clutches for proper adFustment and operation. -;. Alwas inspect boom hoist lockout and other operator aids, such as anti-two-block devices )AT6, and load moment indicators )8!@,, for proper operation and calibration. -0. >hile the engine is running, check all gauges and warning lights for proper readings and operate all controls to see that the are functioning properl. -4. $heck for an broken or cracked glass that ma affect the view of the operator. 6. eriodic Inspections )- to -* month intervals,. The periodic inspection procedure is intended to determine the need for repair or replacement of components to keep the machine in proper operating condition. @t includes those items listed for dail inspections as well as, but not limited to, structural defects, excessive wear, and hdraulic or air leaks. @nspection records of the inspected crane shall be maintained monthl on critical 12 items in use, such as brakes, crane hooks, and ropes. These inspection records should include, the date of inspection, the signature of the person who performed the inspection, and the serial number, or other identifier. This inspection record should be kept readil available for review. The manufacturerIs maintenance and inspection records, formsDchecklist, or e"uivalent should be used. -. @nspect the entire crane for structural damage. 6e careful to check for distortion or cracks in main frame, outrigger assemblies, and structural attachments of the upperworks to the carrier. *. @nspect all welded connections for cracks. @nspect the main chords and lacings and other structural items for paint flaking and cracking which ma indicate potential failure, as well as for dents, bends, abrasions, and corrosion. $heck hdraulic booms for bending, side swa, or droop. 3. $heck for deformed, cracked, or corroded members in the loadDstress bearing structure. !agnetic particle or other suitable crack detecting inspection should be performed at least once each ear b an inspection agenc retained b the owner. @nspection reports should be re"uested and retained in the crane file. ;. @nspect cracked or worn sheaves and drums. 0. @nspect for worn, cracked, or distorted parts such as( pins, bearings, shafts, gears, rollers, locking devices, hook roller brackets, removable outrigger attachments lugs, and welds. 4. @nspect for excessive wear on brake and clutch sstem parts, linings, pawls, and ratchets. 5. @nspect all indicators, including load and boom angle indicators, for proper operation and calibration. /. @nspect all power plants for proper operation. .. @nspect for excessive wear on drive sprockets andDor chain stretch. -+. @nspect for correct action of steering, braking, and locking devices. --. $heck that the counterweight is secure. -*. $heck that the identification number is permanentl and legibl marked on Fibs, blocks, e"ualiEer beams, and all other accessories. -3. @nspect all hdraulic and pneumatic hoses, fittings, and tubing. An deterioration of an sstem component should cause the inspector to "uestion whether further use would constitute a safet haEard. $onditions, such as the following, re"uire replacement of the part in "uestion( a. An evidence of oil or air leaks on the surfaces of flexible hoses or at the point at which the hose in "uestion Foins the metal end couplings. b. An abnormal deformation of the outer covering of hdraulic hose, including an enlargement, local or otherwise. c. An leakage at connections which cannot be eliminated b normal tightening. d. An evidence of abrasive wear that could have reduced the pressure retaining capabilities of the hose or tube effected. The cause of the rubbing or abrasion must be immediatel eliminated. 5)9 Startin/ t-e Inspection Since most crane inspections begin with a general walkaround and observation of the overall crane set up and operation, followed b a specific inspection of items or components, the following guidelines are presented in that order. The first section addresses the general items and operational considerations when inspecting an tpe of crane, followed b the specific inspection items for two specific tpes of cranes1 &rove #ough Terrain ;0 Ton )hdraulic, and !anitowoc ;-++ -0+ Ton $rawler )lattice boom friction, cranes. @n general, the following should be considered when inspecting an crane( -. #e"uest for and review all inspection and maintenance documents for the crane being inspected, including the crane manufacturerIs inspection and maintenance re"uirements. 13 *. $onduct a walkaround inspection, paing particular attention to mechanical sstems leaks or damage )oil, hdraulic, air, and structural deficiencies. 3. 8ook at crane cab for properl marked controls, damaged instruments and for properl displaed and legible load charts. ;. Ask the operator, ground crew )riggers,, andDor supervisors appropriate "uestions on load charts, rigging and load weight determinations, and capacities. 0. #e"uest the operator to raise and lower the boomDload line, where practical, and inspect, from the cab position, the running line or rope of the main hoist drum and secondar line or Fib line. $heck brake action and its abilit to stop. 4. @f practical, re"uest the operator to lower boom to look at the condition of booms sections, lacing, lifting components, anti-two-block devices, Fib back stops, and the condition of the hook. 5. $heck crane set up and stabilit of outriggers on hdraulics andDor the effectiveness of cribbing on crawlers. if possible, re"uest that the crane be rotated to check all clearances and overall stabilit. 5): Specific Inspection Items and #eferences The following table identifies the specific inspection items for cranes as well as a brief description and purpose to help the inspector to have a better understanding of what and wh the item is being inspected. Table 5):A +Inspection Items and "escription ITEM "ESC#I1TION 4 1%#1OSE ;(< Manufacturer=s operatin/ and Maintenance Manuals !anufacturerIs operating and maintenance manuals shall accompan all mobile hoisting e"uipment. These manuals set forth specific inspection, operation and maintenance criteria for each mobile crane and lifting capacit. ;0< Guardin/ All exposed moving parts such as gears, chains, reciprocating or rotating parts are guarded or isolated. ;2< S>in/ Clearance 1rotection !aterials for guarding rear swing area. ;5< Hi/-?&olta/e !arnin/ Si/n High-voltage warning signs displaing restrictions and re"uirements should be installed at the operatorIs station and at strategic locations on the crane. ;7< Boom Stops Shock absorbing or hdraulic tpe boom stops are installed in a manner to resist boom overturning. ;8< @ib Boom Stops 9ib stops are restraints to resist overturning. ;9< Boom An/le Indicator A boom angle indicator readable for the operator station is installed accuratel to indicate boom angle. ;:< Boom Hoist "isconnectA Automatic Boom Hoist S-utoff A boom hoist disconnect safet shutoff or hdraulic relief automaticall stops the boom hoist when the boom reaches a predetermined high angle. ;B< T>o?Bloc.in/ "eCice $ranes with telescoping booms should be e"uipped with a two-blocking damage prevention feature that has been tested on- site in accordance with manufacturers 14 re"uirements. All cranes hdraulic and fixed boom used to hoist personnel must be e"uipped with two-blocking devices on all hoistlines intended to be used in the operation. The anti-two blocking device has automatic capabilities for controlling functions that ma cause a two-blocking condition. ;(*< 1o>er Controlled Lo>erin/ $ranes for use to hoist personnel must be e"uipped for power controlled lowering operation on all hoistlines. $heck clutch, chains, and sprockets for wear. ;((< LeCelin/ Indicatin/ "eCice A device or procedure for leveling the crane must be provided. ;(0< S-eaCes Sheave grooves shall be smooth and free from surface defects, cracks, or worn places that could cause rope damage. %langes must not be broken, cracked, or chipped. The bottom of the sheave groove must form a close fitting saddle for the rope being used. 8ower load blocks must be e"uipped with close fitting guards. Almost ever wire rope installation has one or more sheaves O ranging from traveling blocks with complicated reeving patterns to e"ualiEing sheaves where onl minimum rope movement is noticed. ;(2< Main Hoist and AuDiliar, "rums S,stem 2rum crushing is a rope condition sometimes observed which indicates deterioration of the rope. Spooling is that characteristic of a rope which affects how it wraps onto and off a drum. Spoiling is affected b the care and skill with which the first larger of wraps is applied on the drum. !anufacturerIs criteria during inspection usuall specif( !inimum number of wraps to remain on the drum. $ondition of drum grooves $ondition of flanges at the end of drum. #ope end attachment. Spooling characteristics of rope. #ope condition. ;(5< Main BoomA @ib BoomA Boom EDtension 6oom Fibs, or extensions, must not be cracked or corroded. 6olts and rivets must be tight. $ertification that repaired boom members meet manufacturers original design standard shall be documented. =on-certified repaired members shall not be used until recertified. ;(7< Load Hoo.s and Hoo. Bloc.s Hooks and blocks must be permanentl labeled with rated capacit. Hooks and blocks are counterweighted to the weight of the overhaul line from highest hook position. Hooks must not have cracks or throat openings more than -0J of normal or 15 twisted off center more than -+ o from the longitudinal axis. All hooks used to hoist personnel must be e"uipped with effective positive safet catches especiall on hdraulic cranes. ;(8< H,draulic Hoses Fittin/s and Tubin/%lexible hoses must be sound and show no signs of leaking at the surface or its Function with the metal and couplings. Hoses must not show blistering or abnormal deformation to the outer covering and no leaks at threaded or clamped Foints that cannot be eliminated b normal tightening or recommended procedures. There should be no evidence of excessive abrasion or scrubbing on the outer surfaces of hoses, rigid tubing, or hdraulic fittings. ;(9< Outri//ers Outrigger number, locations, tpes and tpe of control are in accordance with manufacturerIs specifications. Outriggers are designed and operated to relieve all weight from wheels or tracks within the boundaries of the outriggers. @f not, the manufacturerIs specifications and operating procedures must be clearl defined. Outriggers must be visible to the operator or a signal person during extension or setting. ;(:< Load #atin/ C-art A durable rating chart)s, with legible letters and figures must be attached to the crane in a location accessible to the operator while at the controls. The rating charts shall contain the following( A full and complete range of manufacturerIs crane loading ratings at all stated operating radii. Optional e"uipment on the crane such as outriggers and extra counterweight which effect ratings. A work area chart for which capacities are listed in the load rating chart, i.e. over side, over rear, over front. >eights of auxiliar e"uipment, i.e. load block, Fibs, boom extensions. A clearl distinguishable list of ratings based on structural, hdraulic or other factors rather than stabilit. A list of no-load work areas. A description of hoistline reeving re"uirements on the chart or in operatorIs manual. ;(B< !ire #ope !ain hoist and auxiliar wire rope inspection should include examining for 6roken wires. :xcess wear. :xternal damage from crushing, kinking, cutting or corrosion. 16 ;0*< Cab $ontains all crane function controls in addition to mechanical boom angle indicators, electric wipers, dash lights, warning lights and buEEers, fire extinguishers, seat belts, horn, and clear unbroken glass. ;0(< Bra.in/ S,stems Truck cranes and self-propelled cranes mounted on rubber-tired chassis or frames must be e"uipped with a service brake sstem, secondar stopping emergenc brake sstem and a parking brake sstem. 7nless the ownerDoperator can show written evidence that such sstems were not re"uired b the standards or regulations in force at the date of manufacture and are not available from the manufacturer. The braking sstems must have been inspected and tested and found to be in conformance with applicable re"uirements. $rawler cranes are provided with brakes or other locking devices that effectivel hold the machine stationar on level grade during the working ccle. The braking sstem must be capable of stopping and holding the machine on the maximum grade recommended for travel. The brakes or locks are arranged to engage or remain engaged in the event of loss of operating pressure or power. ;00< Turntable4Crane Bod, !ake sure that the rotation point of a crane gears and rollers are free of damage, wear and properl adFusted and the components are securel locked and free of cracks or damage. The swing locking mechanism must be functional )pawl, pin, and operated in the cab. ;02< Counter>ei/-t The counterweight must be approved and installed according to manufacturerIs specifications with attachment points secured. Table ;./6 shows the items that need to be examined for the &rove #ough Terrain ;0 Ton Hdraulic $rane and their corresponding applicable OSHA *. $%# -.*4 and A=S@ 63+.0 Standards. Table 5):B + #ou/- Terrain 57 Ton H,draulic Crane STAN"A#" ;0B CF# (B08)77*< INS1ECTION ITEMS ANSI B 2*)7
---------- ---------- -.*4.00+)a,)., -.*4.00+)a,)-0, Safet, "eCices -. Anti-Two 6lock 2evices *. 6oom 6ackstop 2evices 3. Swing #adius >arning 2evices ;. 9ob or Site Specific 2evicesDsstem )near electric powerDpersonnel hoisting platforms,
0--.-.. 0-* )%ig. -5, Additional #eferences( -.*4.00+)a,)-, ---- $rane used in accordance with manufactures specification. -.*4.00+)a,)0, ---- @nspection( $ompetent Berson. -.*4.00+)a,)4, ---- Annual @nspection #ecord. -.*4.00+)a,)-4, ---- =o modifications without written approval of manufacturer. Table ;./$ shows the items that need to be examined for the !anitowoc ;-++ -0+ Ton 8attice 6oom $rawler $rane and their corresponding applicable OSHA -.*4 and A=S@ 63+.0 Standards. Table 5):C + (7* Ton Lattice Boom Cra>ler Crane STAN"A#" ;0B CF# (B08)77*< INS1ECTION ITEMS ANSI B 2*)7
---------- ---------- -.*4.00+)a,)., -.*4.00+)a,)-0, Safet, "eCices -. Anti-Two 6lock 2evices *. 6oom 6ackstop 2evices 3. Swing #adius >arning 2evices ;. 9ob or Site Specific 2evicesDSstemDBrogram for work near electric power and use of personnel hoisting platforms,
0--.-.. 0-* )%ig. -5, Additional references( -.*4.00+)a,)-, ---- $rane used in accordance with manufactures specification. -.*4.00+)a,)0, ---- @nspection( $ompetent Berson. -.*4.00+)a,)4, ---- Annual @nspection #ecord. -.*4.00+)a,)-4, ---- =o modifications without written approval from manufacturers. 21 AppendiD A ? General Terms and "efinitions Auxiliar Hoist A supplemental hoisting unit, usuall of lower load rating and higher speed than the main hoist. Axis of #otation The vertical axis around which the craneIs superstructure rotates. 6oom @n cranes and derricks usage, an inclined spar, strut, or other long member supporting the hoisting tackle. Also defined as a structural member attached to the revolving superstructure used for guiding and acting as a support for the load. 6oom Angle @ndicator An accessor device that measures the angle of the boom base section centerline to horiEontal. 6oom Stops A devise used to limit the angle of the boom at its highest position. 6rake A device used for retarding or stopping motion b friction or power means. 6lock Sheaves or grooved pulles in a frame provided with hook, ee, and strap. $rane A machine consisting of a rotating superstructure for lifting and lowering a load and moving it horiEontall on either rubber tires or crawler treads. $ounterweight >eights used for balancing loads and the weight of the crane in providing stabilit for lifting. 2eck The revolving superstructure or turntable bed.
2rum The spool or clindrical member around which cables are wound for raising and lowering loads. &antr A structural frame work )also known as an A %rame, mounted on the revolving superstructure of the crane to which the boom supporting cables are reeved. Headache 6all A heav weight attached above the hook on a single line or whip line to provide sufficient weight to lower the hook when unloaded. Holding 6rake A brake that automaticall sets to prevent motion when power is off. 22 9ib An extension attached to the boom point to provide added boom length for lifting specified loads. 8oad The weight of the obFect being lifted or lowered, including load block, ropes, slings, shackles, and an other ancillar attachment. 8oad 6lock The assembl of the hook or shackles, swivel, sheaves, pins, and frame suspended from the boom point. !ain Hoist Hoist sstem or boom used for raising and lowering loads up to maximum rated capacit. !echanical 8oad 6rake An automatic tpe of friction brake used for controlling loads in the lowering direction. This device re"uires tor"ue from the motor to lower a load but does not impose additional loads on the motor when lifting a load. Outriggers Support members attached to the craneIs carrier frame which are used to the crane and ma be blocked up to increase stabilit. Bawl Also known as LdogL. @t is a gear locking device for positivel holding the gears against movement. Bendants Stationar cables used to support the boom. #adius The horiEontal distance from the axis of rotation of the craneIs superstructure to the center of the suspended load. #eeving The path that a rope takes in adapting itself to all sheaves and drums of a piece of e"uipment. #unning Sheave Sheaves that rotate as the hook is raised or lowered Superstructure The rotating frame, gantr and boom or other operating e"uipment. Test 8oad An load or force, expressed in pounds, used for testing or certifing the limitations within acceptable tolerances of the anticipated load. Two-6lock The condition in which the lower load lock or hook assembl comes in contact with the upper load block or boom point sheave assembl. Cuadrant of Operation The area of operation that the lift is being made in. 7suall divided into four "uadrants, i.e. front, rear and side)s, - left side and right side. 23 AppendiD B ? General Load C-arts and Operational Considerations General Load C!arts( !anufacturerIs operating notes supplied with the machine contain important information concerning proper set-up, operation and additional points that need to be considered when calculating load handling capacities of cranes. !istakes in calculating capacit can cause accidents. Several factors to be considered when calculating a cranes load capacit, including the following( A. Load Radius( the horiEontal distance between the center of the crane rotation to center of the load. 6. "oo# lengt!( including the Fib, swing awa extension or an other attachments that ma increase length of the boom. $. arts of line( 2. Quadrant of operation( the area of operation that the lift is being made in1 note different "uadrants usuall have lower lifting capacities. :. "oo# angle( the angle formed between the horiEontal plane of rotation and center line of the boom. %. $eig!t of any attac!#ents( Fib, lattice extension or auxiliar boom point. &. $eig!t of !andling devices( ball, block, andDor an necessar rigging. Operational Considerations: A. >hen working at boom lengths or radii between the figures shown on the load capacit chart, the next lower capacit rating should be used. @t is dangerous to guess the capacit for boom lengths or radii between those listed on the rating plate. 6. @t is ver dangerous to lift a load without knowing whether it is within the rated capacit while expecting the crane to start to tip to warn of an overload. $ranes ma suddenl tip over or the boom ma collapse if the load is too heav. $. Alwas sta within the rated capacit. Operators must reduce the load capacit under adverse field conditions until, it is determined, the machine can safel handle the lift. 2. 8oads shall not be allowed to exceed rated load capacit and working radius. :. 2o not use counterweights heavier than the manufacturerIs recommended weight. %. :ven a light wind can blow the load out of control, collapse booms, or tip machines. >inds aloft can be much stronger than at ground level. &. Broper precautions shall be taken when the velocit of wind exceeds *+-mph. H. $rane capacit can be adversel effected when the machine set is not level. @. 2o not lift loads when winds create an unsafe or haEardous condition. 6ooms should be lowered, if possible, under high wind conditions. 9. %oot pedal brake locks are furnished on some cranes to allow the operator to rest his legs when suspending the load for short periods of time. Operators should keep their feet on the pedals while foot pedal brake locks are in use. 6rakes ma cool allowing the load to fall. <. =o one, except the oiler, instructor or designated person should be allowed on a crane with the operator when the crane is in operation. 24 AppendiD C ? Basic Crane Components @n addition to reviewing the OSHA and American =ational Standards @nstitute )A=S@, standardsDre"uirements for mobile construction cranes, it is important that each inspector have a basic knowledge of crane components and their general purpose. The following is a list of basic crane components which should be included in an inspection. @n addition to a description or purpose statement photographs are provided to help the inspector recogniEe each item. The list ma not be inclusive, but is intended to be an aid for an inspector who ma not be a crane expert. -. !anufacturerIs Operating !anual *. !achine &uarding @=SB:$T@O= @T:!S 25 -. !anufacturerIs operating and maintenance manuals shall accompan all mobile hoisting e"uipment. These manuals set forth inspection, operation, and maintenance criteria for each mobile crane and not generall available from an other source. -. !anufacturerIs Operating !anual *. All exposed moving parts such as gears, chains reciprocating or rotating parts are to be guarded or isolated. *. !achine &uarding 3. Swing $learance Brotection ;. High 'oltage >arning Signs @=SB:$T@O= @T:!S 3. The swing radius of the counterweight shall be established and guarded to prevent personnel or other e"uipment from being struck b the counterweight. Special attention shall be given to guarding of the swing radius when near buildings or other structures. The swing radius guarding is intended to simpl be a warning device and not necessaril a barricade guard rail. There are no strength re"uirements associated with swing radius protection. 26 3. Swing $learance Brotection ;. High voltage warning signs shall be displaed on the exterior of the e"uipment on each side and on the counterweight of the crane. ;. High 'oltage >arning Signs 0. 6oom Stops 4. 9ib 6oom Stops @=SB:$T@O= @T:!S 0. 6oom stops are telescoping, shock absorbing, or hdraulic-tpe safet devices designed and installed in a manner to stop or shut off power to the boom controls. The purpose of the boom stops is to prevent the boom from being raised to a point where the center of gravit is shifted to the rear of the crane causing the boom to fall backwards from to lack of resistance andDor control of boom movement. 6oom stops can be inspected and checked for proper function b raising the boom ver slowl until contact is made and power for boom movement is stopped. 0. 6oom Stops 4. 9ib stops are restraints designed to prevent the Fib from being raised to the point that it overturns onto the boom sections. 9ib stops, like boom stops, are telescoping, shock absorbing, hdraulic devices, designed to warn the operator that the Fib load block has approached the point at which overtippingDoverturning is possible if raising the load line continues. 27 4. 9ib 6oom Stops 5. 6oom Angle @ndicator /. 6oom Hoist 2isconnects @=SB:$T@O= @T:!S 5. 6oom Angle @ndicators are re"uired to indicate the angle of the boom tip from the base section on a horiEontal plane. The ma be either mechanical )activated b gravit, or electronic, with a displa readout in the cab. Accurate readout of boom angle determines load capacit and working radius. 5. 6oom Angle @ndicators /. 6oom Hoist 2isconnects are designed to automaticall stop the boom from hoisting when the boom reaches a predetermined high angle /. 6oom Hoist 2isconnects .. Anti-Two 6lock 2evices -+. Bower $ontrolled 8owering @=SB:$T@O= @T:!S 28 .. Anti-Two 6lock 2evices are designed to prevent a hoist block andDor load from being hoisted into contact with the boom tip b putting sufficient stress on the wire rope that it is either cut or stressed to the point that the line separates and the load falls onto someone or something. A=S@ re"uires that all hdraulic cranes be e"uipped with anti-two block devices. .. Anti-Two 6lock 2evices -+. All functions of hdraulic cranes feature Lpower controlled loweringL. Safet devices known as Lholding valvesL or Lcounter balanceL valves, which prevent uncontrolled decent in the event of hdraulic pressure loss. To test the effectiveness of these safet devices, retract the clinders or lower the hoist drum with the engine not running. This would appl to the boom lift and extension clinder as well as the outrigger clinders and hoist drums. =o movement should take place without hdraulic pressure. -+. Bower $ontrolled 8owering
--. 8eveling @ndicator 2evices -*. Sheaves @=SB:$T@O= @T:!S 29 --. 8eveling of the crane is extremel important. @f a crane is out of level more than - o it exerts a side load on the crane, and can effect structural capacit. @t also can increase the load radius when the crane is rotated to another "uadrant of operation. --. 8eveling @ndicator 2evices -*. All sheaves should be checked for cracks, grooving, or damage from two- blocking. 7ndue looseness in the bearing or bushing should be noted. The sheaveIs groove surface should be smooth and slightl larger than the wire rope being used. @t should be checked with a sheave gauge to be sure it is the proper siEe for the wire rope being used. On most hdraulic cranes, sheave guards which prevent the wire rope from coming off the sheave, are removable pins. 6e sure that all of these pins are in place. -*. Sheaves -3. !ain Hoist and Auxiliar 2rums -;. !ain 6oom, 9ib and 6oom :xtensions @=SB:$T@O= @T:!S 30
-3. 2rum lagging and flanges should be inspected for cracks or other deficiencies and winch mounting bolts should be checked. An undue movement of the drum on its bearings should be noted. The wire rope anchoring to the drum should meet the manufacturers specifications and must not be LoverspooledL. @n other words, with the rope full spooled on the drum, the drum flanges must extend above the top wrap of the rope. An spoiling devices, such as rollers, or drum rotation indicators, must be functioning properl. -3. !ain Hoist and Auxiliar 2rums -;. All components of the boom assembl should be checked for cracks, bends, or other deformities. On hdraulic cranes, special attention should be given to the topside of the boom where the extension sections exert an upward force. All connecting pins and bolts should be checked. >ear pads should be adFusted properl or replace if necessar. -;. !ain 6oom, 9ib and 6oom :xtensions
-0. 8oad Hooks and Hook 6lock -4. Hdraulic Hoses, %ittings and Tubing @=SB:$T@O= @T:!S 31
-0. Hooks should be examined to see if the are cracked or distorted beond allowable tolerances. =o welding or heating should be done on hooks. Hooks and blocks should be labeled as to their capacit and weight. $onnecting bolts on block cheek plates should be checked. Hook swivels and sheave guards should also be checked.
-0. 8oad Hooks and Hook 6lock -4. All hdraulic hoses, fittings, swivels, and tubings should be checked for leaking. On flexible hoses, be sure that the working pressure stamped on the hose is more than the working pressure it will be exposed to. -4. Hdraulic Hoses, %ittings and Tubing -5. Outriggers -/. 8oad #ating $hart @=SB:$T@O= @T:!S 32 -5. Outrigger beams and housings should be checked for cracks or distortions. Outrigger floats, or pads, should be checked for damage. The floats must have the capacit to be securel attached to the outriggers. Outrigger beams should be marked to indicate when the are full extended. -5. Outriggers -/. A durable load rating chart for the specific model and serial number of the crane shall be accessible to the operator at his operating or work station. All limitations, warnings, specifications and safet data should be displaed -/. 8oad #ating $hart -.. >ire rope *+. $ab @=SB:$T@O= @T:!S 33 -.. >ire rope should be removed from service when the conditions listed in *. $%# -.*4.00+)a,)5, are found. The include outside wire wear, reduction in diameter, broken wires, distortion, corrosion, or heat damage. Special attention should be given to standing rope, such as pendants, at the end fittings. @t should be determined that the wire rope is the proper diameter, length, and tpe of construction for that particular crane and it should be spooled evenl on the hoist drum. -.. >ire rope *+. The cab should be clean and free from clutter. All controls should be labeled as to their function and free to return to the neutral position when released, unless designed to do otherwise. All gauges and warning lights should be operable and a fire extinguisher )at least 0-6$, should be mounted in the cab. The seat should be securel attached and the cab door should open outward and operate smoothl. :lectrical and other warning signs should be posted in the cab. All glass must be safet glass with no cracks or distortions. *+. $ab 34