Você está na página 1de 14

A PROJECT REPORT ON

SOLAR POWER TOWER

Submitted By:

Submitted To:

Malay Sarkar
EN- 3rd Year UCER G.Noida

Content

A. About Solar Energy i. ii. iii. Energy from Sun Advantages & Disadvantages Applications

B. Solar Power Tower i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x. xi. xii. Overview History Potential of Solar Tower Power Plant Cycle Design of Plant Reflector Section Receiving Section Example Social & Environmental Benefits Advantages & Disadvantages Problems Conclusions

Solar power tower

About Solar Energy :

The Ultimate Renewable Resource. Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the sun, has been harnessed by humans since ancient times using a range of ever -evolving technologies. Solar radiation, along with secondary solar-powered resources such as wind and wave power, hydroelectricity and biomass, account for most of the available renewable energy on earth. Only a minuscule fraction of the available solar energy is used. Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute solar energy. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors to harness the energy. Passive solar techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.

Energy from the Sun


About half the incoming solar energy reaches the Earth's surface. Earth's land surface, oceans and atmosphere absorb solar radiation, and this raises their temperature. The Earth receives 174 petawatts (PW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet.

Solar power tower

Advantages & Disadvantages:


Advantages.
1.All chemical and radioactive polluting byproducts of the thermonuclear reactions remain behind on the sun, while only pure radiant energy reaches the Earth. 2.Energy reaching the earth is incredible. By one calculation, 30 days of sunshine striking the Earth have the energy equivalent of the total of all the pl anet s fossil fuels, both used and unused!

Disadvantages.
1.Sun does not shine consistently. 2.Solar energy is a diffuse source. To harness it, we must concentrate it into an amount and form that we can use, such as heat and electricity. 3.Addressed by approaching the problem through: a)collection, b) conversion, c) storage.

Applications:
1. Heating water:- Two methods of heating water: passive (no moving parts) and active (pumps).In both, a flat -plate collector is used to absorb the sun s energy to heat the water. 2. Heating living spaces:- Best design of a building is for it to act as a solar collector and storage unit. This is achieved through three elements: insulation, collection, and storage. 3. Power generation:- eg. Solar power tower, Solar cell etc .

Solar power tower

SOLAR POWER TOWER.

Overview :
The solar power tower (also known 'heliostat' power plants or power towers) is a type of solar furnace using a tower to receive the focused sunlight. It uses an array of flat, movable mirrors (called heliostats) to focus the sun's rays upon a collector tower (the target). Concentrated solar thermal is seen as one viable solution for renewable, pollution free energy production with currently available technology. These plants are best suited for utility-scale applications in the 30 to 400 MW. range. y General idea is to collect the light from many reflectors spread over a large area at one central point to achieve high temperature. y An energy storage system allows it to generate 7 MW of electric power without sunlight. y Example is the 10-MW solar power plant in Barstow, CA.  1900 heliostats, each 20 ft by 20 ft  a central 295 ft tower

History :
Although power towers are commercially less mature than parabolic trough systems, a number of component and experimental systems have been field tested around the world in the last 15 years, demonstrating the engineering feasibility and economic potential of the technology.

Since the early 1980s, power towers have been fielded in Russia, Italy, Spain, Japan, France, and the United States. The experimental facilities were built to prove that solar power towers can produce electricity and to prove and improve on the individual system components.
Solar power tower

The objective of Solar Two is to mitigate the perceived technological and financial risks associated with the first commercial plants and to prove the molten-salt thermal storage technology. In early power towers, the thermal energy collected at the receiver was used to generate steam directly to drive a turbine generator. Although these systems were simple, they had a number of advantages & disadvantages that will be described in the discussions that follow.

Potential of Solar Powere Tower :

A huge reservoir in sun belt. The installation of solar plants is ideal in locations known as the solar belt . These locations are those part of the world that receive high solar radiation.

Solar power tower

Power Plant Cycle

Description :

 The Heliostat concentrates the suns energy to receiver.  The receiver transfer the received heat to an operating fluid . 40 bar 250 deg.C, saturated steam.  The steam is now sent to the turbine.  The turbine drives the generator to produce electricity.

Solar power tower

Design of Plant

Reflector Section :
Parabolic dishes & Helioststs. A field of heliostats works to reflect and concentrate solar radiation on the central receiver. Each heliostat is composed of a flat reflective surface, a supporting structure and a solar tracking mechanism. Currently, the most commonly used reflective surfaces are glass mirrors.It must be steered throughout the day in the direction of the sun.

Receiver Section :
Power tower systems use a centralized receiver as the collector. Solar radiation from a field of heliostats is concentrated onto th e centralized receiver, which is

located in a tower. The centralized receiver transfers solar radiation energy to a working fluid which is used to run a conventional power cycle. Further the tower is divided into several parts. 1. Condenser 2. Turbine 3. Water treatment 4. Power house 5. Control center 6. Storage 7. Receiver & Steam generator

Solar power tower

Condenser.

 Condensation of wet steam  Water-Air Cooler  Usable for quick start up and shut done

Turbine.

 Production of electrical power  Usable for quick start up and shut done  Max. electrical power 1500 kW
Solar power tower

Water Treatment.

 Water treatment of condensate for re-feeding into the boiler  Usable for quick start up and shut done

Powerhouse.

 Junction of all data lines  Processing  Documentation

Control Center.

 Control of plant  Visualization of operational and sensor data

Storage.

 Compensation of fluctuating radiation  Keeping operation temperature during non operation  Capacity 1 hour of nominal operation

Receiver and Steam Generator .

 Receiver (conversion of radiation energy in to hot air of 700C)  Energy ducting from receiver to the steam generator and storage  Controlled vans, hot air distribution to steam generator and storage

Solar power tower

Example
PS10 Solar Power Tower: The PS10 solar tower plant was built by Abengoa Solar after several years of research and development and bega n operation on March 30th, 2007. It is located in the Spanish province of Sevilla, in Sanlcar la Mayor, and sits on 150 acres (60 ha). It is the first tower in the world commercially delive ring electricity. The receiver is located in the upper section of the tower. The receiver is a cavity receiver and is comprised of four vertical panes that are 18 ft (5.5 m) wide and 39 ft (12 m) tall. The panels are arranged in a semi -cylindrical configuration and housed in a square opening 11 m per side. The plant generates pressurized steam to run a conventional power cycle with an 11 MW capacity. It consists of 624 heliostats that are 1300ft each. Currently PS20 is also working. It works similar to PS10 but it has almost twice the capacity of PS10. It follows with 1255 heliostats with tower of 52 ft tall.

Social & environmental benefits

Environmental sustainability :
1. Reduces local air pollution. Save 18000 tones of carbon emission every year. 2. Reduction of greenhouse gases and other pollutants 3. Conserve energy 4. Most material can be recycled

Solar power tower

Economic sustainability :
1. Reduce the dependency on fossil fuels 2. The risk of future electricity cost escalation 3. Reduced solar electricity cost

Advantages & Disadvantages :


Advantages 1. Concentrating all of the sunlight to one location to get very high temperature. 2. Less energy losses as higher temperature are converted to electricity more efficiently than lower temperature. Disadvantages. 1. Require more foundations and positioning motors for heliostats needs.

Problems :
1. Large area of land are required. 2. Technology require storage for stable power output. 3. Cost of such energy is about 3 times higher than conventional power

generation

Conclusions : 1. Solar power play an important role in the worlds power demand. 2. At present solar tower power play minimal role in power generation. 3. We like to see large scale power plan in future.

Você também pode gostar