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Grid
Transformer
Controlled Rectifier
-Controller
U0 Un
3 Iinv
Irect
1,5 Irect
3 Irect
ISST
Best of reversible DC substation Sensitivity analysis Amount of Energy saving is dependent upon:
Operational headways Frequency of the stop points System voltage Line gradients Rolling stock auxiliaries power consumption
Grid
SS i
Grid SS j
Reg. #1 - Linear Gross Braking Power (kW / line km) Reg. #1 - Linear Net Braking Power (kW / line km) Reg. #2 - Linear Gross Braking Power (kW / line km) Reg. #2 - Linear Net Braking Power (kW / line km)
TU
Hi
TU
65,0 60,0 55,0 50,0 45,0 40,0 35,0 30,0 25,0 20,0 15,0 10,0 5,0 0,0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
Headway (mn)
Grid
SS i
Grid SS j
=
TU METRO It is the absolute value of energy saving that matters for the business case ! PS
TU Di PS
REGIONAL Baseline
Grid
SS i
Grid SS j
=
1500 v / 3000 v TU
TU
7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% 0 750 1500 2250 DC Voltage (V) 3000 3750
Regional Baseline
Grid SS i
Grid SS j
Altitude [m]
1500 v :Base / 1% / 2% =
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Altitude [m]
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0
Altitude [m]
50
60
70
80
SSi
SSj
1500 v
TU TU
100%
Average train auxiliary power [% of rated power] 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% 0 100 200 300 Average train auxiliary power [kW] 400 500
TU
TU
Regional Baseline
600
10
11