(Reading Quiz will be held on 8/17) Terms/Events/Concepts People

Hispaniola Protestant Reformation Treaty of Tordesillas Taino The Great Dying The Columbian Exchange Spainsilver and the Sun Belt Roanoke Island (North Carolina) Joint-stock company Jamestown Indentured servants Chesapeake Bay region Bacons Rebellion Puritans city upon a hill Separation of church and state antinomianism Puritan communal structures Pequot War King Philips War Cod Dutch trade and commerce North Carolina settlement Society of Friends Queen Annes War (page 104)

Chapters 2 and 3 Reading Guide pp. 38-57; 72-81; 84-103

Christopher Columbus Queen Isabella Vasco de Gama Martin Luther John Calvin Hernan Cortes Malinche/Dona Marina Francisco Vasquez de Coronado John Cabot Queen Elizabeth I Walter Raleigh John Smith Powhatan Nathaniel Bacon John Winthrop Roger Williams Anne Hutchinson Metacomet Iroquois George Fox and Margaret Fell William Penn Pop

So stuff that might be on test tomorrow: - Powhatan - Queen Elizabeth I - Hernan Cortes - Treaty of Tordesillas - Columbian Exchange ?'s: - Know Puritans and Quakers - Explain how religious conflict affected the new world

Terms Definitions Hispaniola First island in Caribbean settled by Spaniards; settlement founded by Columbus on second voyage to New World; Spanish base of operations for further discoveries in New World. Protestant Reformation a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches Treaty of Tordesillas a 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal. Taino aka Arawaks; most prominent people in Caribbean region when Spanish arrived; their ancestors sailed in canoes from the Orinoco River in South America to the Caribbean & lived throughout the region by about 900; cultivated crops like manioc & lived in small villages under chiefs; interested in Spanish glass, beads, & metal tools; hurt by encomienda system & arrival of smallpox when Spanish arrived The Great Dying there wasn't contact between humans and animalsdidn't have acquired immunitiesso when they came across the lands they brought with them diseases from Europe90% death rate. enormous widespread exchange of plants, animals, food, human population, diseases and ideas; one of the most significant events in the history of world ecology, agriculture and culture between America, Asia, Europe, and Africa. the Sun Belt A region made up of states in the southern part of the U.S. Roanoke Established in 1587. Called the Lost Colony. It was financed by Sir Walter Raleigh, and its leader in the New World was John White. All the settlers disappeared, and historians still don't know what became of them. Joint-stock company A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts. Jamestown First permanent English settlement in North America (Virginia) Indentured servants colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years Chesapeake Bay region When the English had arrived in the Chesapeake Region they noticed that the Powhatan tribes had claim this area as their land. Their relationship grew worse and the English slowly took advantage of the Natives. They accused them of the three D's which are disease,disorganization and disposable. By 1685 the English would confidently say that the Powhatan's where extinct. And the Enlgish thought they were useless, and contributed nothing to the economy and was highly unorganized. Bacon's Rebellion an uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon. It was the first rebellion in the American colonies in which discontented frontiersmen took part; a similar uprising in Maryland occurred later that year. The uprising was a protest against the governor of Virginia, William Berkeley. Puritans Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in

practice and organization. "city upon a hill" name for Mass. Bay Colony coined by Winthrop to describe how their colony should serve as a model of excellence for future generations Separation of church and state idea that the government and religion should be separate, and not interfere in each other's affairs. In the United States, this idea is based on the First Amendment to the US Constitution, which states that the government cannot make any laws to establish a state religion or prohibit the free exercise of religion. antinomianism An interpretation of Puritan beliefs that stressed God's gift of salvation and minimized what an individual could do to gain salvation; identified with Anne Hutchinson. Puritan communal structures Puritan villages were mostly "open field" agricultural communities. The minister was treated as the highest in the community. The presence of women in Puritan society lent much to the success of the family units. Women acted as wives, mothers, and housekeepers, while the men spent their time farming, hunting, and exploring. A stress on literacy and education was also present. Pequot War The Bay colonists wanted to claim Connecticut for themselves but it belonged to the Pequot. The colonists burned down their village and 400 were killed. King Philip's War 1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion. Cod lean white flesh of important North Atlantic food fish Dutch trade and commerce idk North Carolina settlement after the Bacon Rebellion the remaining followers of Bacon went to North Carolina where there were other Virginian dissidents Society of Friends also known as Quakers, founded by Margaret Fell and George Fox, name came from shaking at the name of the Lord, rejected predestination and orginal sin, believed that all could achieve salvation, women held positions in the church Queen Anne's War (1702-1713), second of the four North American wars waged by the British and French between 1689 and 1763. The wars were the result of the worldwide maritime and colonial rivalry between Great Britain and France and their struggle for predominance on the European and North American continents; each of the wars fought in North America corresponded more or less to a war fought between the same powers in Europe. Christopher Columbus Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506) Queen Isabella queen of Castile (1474-1504) and of Aragon (1479-1504), ruling the two kingdoms jointly from 1479 with her husband, Ferdinand II of Aragon (Ferdinand V of Castile). Their rule effected the permanent union of Spain and the beginning of an overseas empire in the New World, led by Christopher Columbus

Vasco de Gama A Portugese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean Martin Luther a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. John Calvin French humanist whose theological writings profoundly influenced religious thoughts of Europeans. Developed Calvinism at Geneva. Wrote Institutes of Christian Religion Hernan Cortes led expedition of 600 to coast of Mexico in 1519. conquistador responsible for defeat of the Aztec Empire. captured Tenochtitlan. He had heard rumors of a great kingdom in the interior so he began to stroke inland. With the help of the Indian allies, he and his followers won. Although the Aztec confederacy put up a stiff resistance, disease, starvation, and battle brought the city down in 1521. Tenochtitlan is now Mexico City. Malinche/Dona Marina One of the 20 women given to Corts as a peace offering from city leaders on the coast of the Yucatn. She could speak the language of the people farther up the coast and translated for Aguilar, who then translated for Corts. Corts had her baptized, giving her the name Marina. She became one of his closest advisors. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado Leads exploration through modern day Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas searching for wealth and an empire to conquer. John Cabot Italian explorer who led the English expedition in 1497 that discovered the mainland of North America and explored the coast from Nova Scotia to Newfoundland (ca. 1450-1498) Queen Elizabeth I This "virgin" queen ruled England for 50 years and was one of the most successful monarchs in English History. She supported the arts, increased the treasury, supported the exploration of the New World, built up the military, and established the Church of England as the main religion in England Walter Raleigh Received a charter from Queen Elizabeth I to explore the American coastline. His ships landed on Roanoke, which became a "lost colony." John Smith Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter.

Powhatan

Chief of the Powhatan Confederacy and father to Pocahontas. At the time of the English settlement of Jamestown in 1607, he was a friend to John Smith and John Rolfe. When Smith was captured by Indians, Powhatan left Smith's fate in the hands of his warriors. His daughter saved John Smith, and the Jamestown colony. Pocahontas and John Rolfe were wed, and there was a time of peace between the Indians and English until Powhatan's death. Nathaniel Bacon a farmer in the backcountry, his resentment of Berkeley and the unbalanced power of the Virginia government, lead to a rebellion, by him and other backcountry farmers. When Berkeley refused to let Bacon and other farmers fight nearby Indians, he went into Jamestown, with his own militia, burned most of the city, and drove Berkeley out of town. John Winthrop As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, Winthrop (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the

colony's government and shaping its legislative policy. He envisioned the colony, centered in present-day Boston, as a "city upon a hill" from which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world.

Roger Williams He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs. Anne Hutchinson She preached the idea that God communicated directly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachusetts in 1637. Her followers (the Antinomianists) founded the colony of New Hampshire in 1639. Metacomet 1639?-1676 Wamponoag sachem known to the English as King Philip. He led one of the last Native Americans battles against the colonist in New England in 1676. Iroquois A term which designates a confederacy of 5 tribes originally inhabiting the northern part of New York state, consisting of the SENECA, CAYUGA, ONEIDA, ONONDAGA and MOHAWK. George Fox founded the of the Society of Friends, also known as Quakers in the 1650's William Penn an English Quaker, founded Pennsylvania in 1682, after receiving a charter from King Charles II the year before. He launched the colony as a "holy experiment" based on religious tolerance. Pop The head of the Roman Catholic Church Margaret Fell George Fox's wife,