WEST BENGAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

SUMMER PROJECT REPORT CHANGE IN INVESTORS BEHAVIOUR ABOUT EQUITY INSTRUMENTS OVER FIXED INCOME INSTRUMENTS AND ITS FUTURE PROSPECTS
AT

STANDARD CHARTERED-STCI CAPITAL MARKETS LIMITED

BY

KULDEEP SHUKLA WBUT REGN.NO.--071360706201075 WBUT ROLL NO.071360709075

ARMY INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, KOLKATA

CONTENTS
Title Page Acknowledgement Guidance Certificate Executive Summary 1. The Company
1.1 1.2 Introduction Company Profile/History

2.

The Project
2.1 2.2 2.3 Purpose & Scope of study Objectives Methodology

3.

Collection & Analysis of Data

3.1 3.2 Data Collection Data Analysis

4.

Findings & Recommendations

4.1 4.2 4.2 4.3 Conclusion Emerging Issues Constraint & Limitations Recommendations

5.

5.1 List of people surveyed during project 5.2 Questionnaire

Appendices & Annexure Bibliography

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I gratefully acknowledge the contribution made by the following persons in bringing out this project in this form. I am very much thankful to my mentors:Prof. Aswini Kumar Pani (Marketing) I am also very much thankful to my external guide Miss Preeti Karnawat, who is the Area Sales Manager in Standard CharteredSTCI Capital Markeets Limited who encouraged me to accomplish my project. She helped me out in every possible way and motivated me. I also want to acknowledge how much I have learnt working with respected Mr. Arijit Saha ( Sales Manager, UTI Securities Ltd) , who always cater their time valuable time to help me whatever and wherever needed in the due course of my summer project. If I had worked of my own, I could not have completed this project. This is all possible because I got the support and co-operation of all these great people. I will fail in my duties if I do not thank the Director of this institute Dr.K.K Chaudhuri for his guidance. KULDEEP SHUKLA ARMY INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT,KOLKATA

GUIDANCE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr Kuldeep Shukla, WBUT Registration Number 071360706201075 of 2007-08 & WBUT Roll Number 071360709075 has undertaken the project titled CHANGE IN INVESTORS BEHAVIOR ABOUT EQUITY INSTRUMENTS OVER FIXED INCOME INSTRUMENTS AND ITS FUTURE PROSPECTS Under my guidance from 1st June, 2008 to 31st July, 2008 at Standard Chartered STCI Capital Markets Ltd, Regional Office, Camac Street, Kolkata. Miss. Preeti Karnawat Area Sales Manager
Standard Chartered-STCI Capital Markets Ltd Organization Seal

Regional Office, Camac Street Kolkata

[External Guides Full Signature]

(Mr. Aswini Kumar Pani) Faculty Army Institute of Mangement

[Internal Guides full Signature]

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The study has revealed that the equity instrument as a mode of investment plays a vital role in the economic growth of the country. Earlier income level of the people was low and there were less technological advancements. Moreover, earlier people were having limited knowledge. They did not have enough information regarding equity instruments so they preferred investing in fixed income instruments rather than equity instruments such as stocks, shares etc. Fixed income investors were often those who typically relied on their investment to provide a stable income stream. Earlier, people preferred fixed guaranteed income and use to averse to take risk. Now people have easy access to information due to technological advancements and increase in level of knowledge. Further the income level of the people has increased and they have started taking risk now. They have started investing in equity instruments. Due to this there is a boom in the countrys economy. To summarize the above we can say that the main structural base of any economy across the world is based on the equity market .The path of any countrys economical structure is decided on the basis of this.

CHAPTER-1

The Company

1.1 Introduction 1.2 Company Profile/History

Introduction

The Stock-broking industry can be considered as comprising of three main market segments: advisory, discretionary, and execution-only. Although brokers tend to specialize in one of these three segments, some are full-service brokers, offering all the main types of service: Advisory services are where clients receive personalized advice on their investment strategies including advice on stock selection. Discretionary services tend to be offered to high net worth investors, where brokers are responsible for managing the clients equity portfolio.

 Execution-only services are essentially no frills services: in return for lower costs, investors do not receive investment advice and a broker will simply act upon the investors trading instructions. Essentially, online broking is a sub-segment of the executiononly segment. The online brokers at their most basic level of service, offer support for their customers to manage their own investments and execute trades as specified by the client. Contact with the company is mainly online, where customer support includes access to research and market data as well as software-based investment tools. Key to this business model is customer confidence in the reliability and security of the IT systems that execute trades and the quality of customer support. The most exploited aspect of the Internet its ability to disseminate information to any number of individuals simultaneously and almost instantaneously is central to the online business model. The growth in the range and scope of information provided both by online brokers to clients and by investors to other investors is one of the most extraordinary features of the online broking sector. The securities market has essentially be seen as comprising of three main participants the issuer of securities, investor of securities, and interme diaries. .

Online trading as an alternative to the traditional phone-based trading has unique characteristics. Brokerage firms can use online trading to reduce costs by eliminating human interaction as well as by unbundling trading from other services such as providing investment advice. For consumers, online trading lowers trading costs, because the commission charged by online brokers is less than the commission charged by offline full-service brokers and even discount brokers Online trading also improves execution speed; with online trading, buying or selling stocks is only one click away. Investors can download or access software tools, like portfolio management packages, that help them manage their own investments. The importance of the performance of the technology i.e. the trading terminals supporting online transactions was recognized early way back in 1990s. This report looks at the various attributes that customers valued for instance security, reliability, speed, ease of use, and integrity of data records etc. Although system failure for any reason could be a major factor in losing clients.

1.1

COMPANY PROFILE

Standard Chartered-STCI Capital Mkts Ltd:

BACKGROUND STANDARD CHATERED- STCI CAPITAL MARKETS LIMITED is the new name of UTI SECURITIES LTD. In the year 2008 Standard Chartered took over UTI Securities Ltd by acquiring 49% stake in it. Standard Chartered has the option to increase its stake from 49% to 74% in2008 and to 100% in 2009. For Standard Chartered, the acquisition of UTI Securities has several positives. "In today's market, Standard Chartered has the cream of customers and wealth management constitutes a huge and profitable cake for it," the source said. The bank has a cash rich clientele with majority of them being big players in the equity market but we were not providing them with broking facilities. "The bank needed the transaction capabilities to own clients and UTI Securities will give this advantage. It thus makes tremendous sense from the consumer banking point of view to take over UTI Securities," the source added. On the institutional banking side, some of the top mutual funds bank with Standard Chartered. Further, the bank also distributes the mutual fund products of several MF houses.

"This business can now be transacted through UTI Securities. Globally too, several MFs, pension funds and FIIs bank with Standard Chartered and UTI can cash on these strong relationships effectively," the source said

Few things about Standard Chartered:

The Standard Chartered Group was formed in 1969 through a merger of two banks: The Standard Bank of British South Africa founded in 1863, and the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China, founded in 1853. Both companies were keen to capitalise on the huge expansion of trade and to earn the handsome profits to be made from financing the movement of goods from Europe to the East and to Africa. Launch the interactive timeline to learn about remarkable people, events and discoveries that have shaped the world we live in, through out the history of Standard Chartered. Flash 5.0 player is required to see the interactive timeline.

The Chartered Bank

Founded by James Wilson following the grant of a Royal Charter by Queen Victoria in 1853 Chartered opened its first branches in Mumbai (Bombay), Calcutta and Shanghai in 1858, followed by Hong Kong and Singapore in 1859 Traditional business was in cotton from Mumbai (Bombay), indigo and tea from Calcutta, rice in Burma, sugar from Java, tobacco from Sumatra, hemp in Manila and silk from Yokohama Played a major role in the development of trade with the East which followed the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, and the extension of the telegraph to China in 1871

In 1957 Chartered Bank bought the Eastern Bank together with the Ionian Banks Cyprus Branches. This established a presence in the Gulf

The Standard Bank

Founded in the Cape Province of South Africa in 1862 by John Paterson. Commenced business in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, in January 1863 Was prominent in financing the development of the diamond fields of Kimberley from 1867 and later extended its network further north to the new town of Johannesburg when gold was discovered there in 1885 Expanded in Southern, Central and Eastern Africa and by 1953 had 600 offices In 1965, it merged with the Bank of West Africa expanding its operations into Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria and Sierra Leone

In 1969, the decision was made by Chartered and by Standard to undergo a friendly merger. All was going well until 1986, when a hostile takeover bid was made for the Group by Lloyds Bank of the United Kingdom. When the bid was defeated, Standard Chartered entered a period of change. Provisions had to be made against third world debt exposure and loans to corporations and entrepreneurs who could not meet their commitments. Standard Chartered began a series of divestments notably in the United States and South Africa, and also entered into a number of asset sales. From the early 90s, Standard Chartered has focused on developing its strong franchises in Asia, the Middle East and Africa using its operations in the United Kingdom and North America to provide customers with a bridge between these markets. Secondly, it would focus on consumer, corporate and institutional banking, and on the provision of treasury services areas in which the Group had particular strength and expertise. In the new millennium we acquired Grind lays Bank from the ANZ Group and the Chase Consumer Banking operations in Hong Kong in 2000.

Establishment of Standard Chartered Bank around the world

Country United Kingdom China, India, Sri Lanka Hong Kong, Singapore Indonesia, Pakistan Philippines Malaysia Japan Zimbabwe The Gambia, Sierra Leone, Thailand Ghana Botswana USA Bangladesh Zambia Kenya Uganda Year Established 1853 1858 1859 1863 1872 1875 1880 1892 1894 1896 1897 1902 1905 1906 1911 1912 Country Australia Mexico, Oman Peru Jersey Brazil Venezuela Falkland Islands, Macau Taiwan Cameroon Nepal Vietnam Cambodia, South Africa Iran Colombia Laos, Argentina Nigeria Year Established 1964 1968 1973 1978 1979 1980 1983 1985 1986 1987 1990 1992 1993 1995 1996 1999

Tanzania Bahrain Jordan Korea Qatar Brunei, UAE

1917 1920 1925 1929 1950 1958

Lebanon Cote dIvoire Mauritius Turkey Afghanistan

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Recent strategic alliances and acquisitions

2005 and 2006 were historic years for us as we achieved several milestones with a number of strategic alliances and acquisitions that will extend our customer or geographic reach and broaden our product range.

We completed, rebranded and successfully integrated SC First Bank in Korea, which to date is the biggest acquisition in our history. We completed full integration between Standard Chartered Bank Thailand and Standard Chartered Nakornthon Bank in October. We formed strategic alliances with Fleming Family & Partners to expand private wealth management in Asia and the Middle East. We acquired stakes in ACB Vietnam and Travelex. We acquired the business operations of American Express Bank in Bangladesh. We acquired a stake in Bohai Bank in Tianjin, China, making us the first foreign bank to be allowed a stake in a local bank in China. We acquired a 25% stake in First Africa Group Holdings in June 2006. We acquired an additional 26% stake in Permata Bank through our consortium with PT Astra International, thus giving the consortium a total stake of 89%. We acquired Union Bank in Pakistan in September 2006 and we have successfully rebranded all branches.

We launched a tender offer in the end of 2006 for 100% in Hsinchu International Bank,

Few things about UTI securities ltd

UTI SECURITIES LTD., (UTISEL), was promoted as an independent professional entity on June 28, 1994 by UNIT TRUST OF INDIA (UTI). With the repealing of Unit Trust of India (UTI) Act, the entire share capital of UTISEL is now held by Administrator of Specified Undertaking of Unit Trust of India since 1st February 2003. On April 17, 2006 the entire share capital of the company was transferred from ASUUTI to Securities Trading Corporation of India Ltd (STCI) & its nominees. On august 07, 49% stake of UTI securities was purchased by Standard Chartered from Securities Trading Corporation of India (STCI). UTISEL has been providing all kinds of Investment related activities which include investment banking and corporate advisory services. The company has built up a reputation for transparent and fair dealing of orders for clients and in a short span of 10 years has developed an enviable reputation of being one of the leading Investment Banking institutions with a dominant presence in the areas of Institutional Broking and Merchant Banking. The Company has started Commodity Trading through its

subsidiary, STCI COMMODITIES LIMITED, which provides facility of commodity trading on NCDEX and MCX

UTISEL has memberships of the National Stock Exchange (NSE), Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). The company is also a member of the National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) and Central Depository Services India Limited (CDSL).

Mission & Vision

The only mission and vision of Standard Charterd-STCI Capital Markets Ltd is.................

To emerge as one of the leading providers of stock brokerage, investment banking and related services, at par with the best in the world.

Management Profile
The Chairman:- Mr. Dipankar Basu
Mr. Dipankar Basu was appointed as Chairman and Director on the Board of UTI Securities Limited at the Meeting of the Board of Directors held on April 17, 2006. Mr. Basu is the non-executive Chairman of Securities Trading Corporation of India Limited and Rain Calcining Limited. He has been a Board member of number of companies engaged in both financial and non-financial businesses. Even after retirement in 1995, Mr. Basu has been actively engaged in wide spectrum of functions including being a member of the Disinvestment Commission set up to advise the Government of India on public sector disinvestments. He has also been a member of the Narsimhan Committee on Banking Sector Reforms.

The Additional Director and Managing Director:Mr. P. R. Somasundaram Mr.P.R. Somasundaram is a Chartered Accountant, Cost Accountant and a graduate in Management Accountancy and has earlier worked in various key positions mainly with the Unilever plc group and Tata Consultancy Services.

Presently, Mr. P.R.Somasundaram is Head of Strategic Initiatives, South Asia. Mr. P.R. Somasundaram is also Managing Director of Standard Chartered Finance Limited, a subsidiary of Standard Chartered Bank, UK.

THE DIRECTOR:- Mr. D.C Anjaria

An MBA in finance from the IIM (A), he has had 20 years of experience with Citibank N.A. in India and overseas. He worked as Chief of Staff with Citicorp Investment Bank in Paris, France. In 1988, Dr. Anjaria joined the Unit Trust of India to establish and head UTI Institute of Capital Markets, a unique specialized training and research institution. Currently he runs an independent consulting operation- International Financial Solutions Pvt. Ltd. to advise clients in areas including corporate strategy, financial risk management etc.

THE MANAGING DIRECTOR:- Mr. Rama Mohan Rao

Chartered Accountant by profession, Shri Rao is the Managing Director of the Company since July 2002. He has worked with UTI for a period of 22 years in various functional areas of marketing, accounting, operations, Investment and Fund Management in different capacities. He worked as Branch Manager at UTI Branches, as Functional Head in International Finance and Investment Department and also as one of the Chief Investment Officers for UTI schemes. He has

represented as one of the Indian Delegates at the Asia Oceania Regional Meeting for Investment Managers held at Singapore in 2002. At UTISEL he is responsible for the overall management and performance of the Company.

Head Office (Mumbai):

Address: (Regd. Off):

Dheeraj Arma, 1st Floor Anant Kanekar Marg, Bandra (East) Mumbai 400057.

Internet Trading Department:

Vilco Centre, 2nd Floor 8, Subhash Road Ville Parle (East), Mumbai-40

Regional Office (Kolkata):

Address:

Shree Manjra Building, 1st Floor 8/1 Sir William Jones Sarani Kolkata- 700071

Contact Person: Mr. Sudip Dey Regional Sales Manager

Email id: sudip.dey@utisel.com

ABOUT Usectrade.comTHE ONLINE TRADING PLATFORM

The customers can now trade on a newly redesigned web site that is very easy to navigate with even more advanced stock trading features. Customers can manage their accounts, trade, find stock research and get quotes all within a site that has a new, update look. The name of this site offered by UTI securities limited is www.Usectrade.com. Usectrade.com is the online share trading site of UTI Securities ltd. It is a online share trading site which offers comprehensive 3 in 1 accounts to the clients. Through this portal clients can buy and sell shares on both NSE & BSE without any paper work. They can also trade in F&O, IPOs, Mutual Funds, Insurance, Commodities and GOI Bonds. Usectrade offer its clients a choice of 5 Banks to link their online accounts. The names of these banks are mentioned below. ICICI BANK

UTI BANK HDFC BANK CITI BANK IDBI BANK CORPORATION BANK

Products & services

The various products and services offered by UTI securities limited are excellent and are within affordable pricing with latest innovative technology. The products and services are mentioned as under.. Equity: At Usectrade, one can place online trades for virtually any stock listed on NSE & BSE. Usectrade offers plenty of powerful ways to place stock orders ... along with the trading tools and services that help you move quickly and conveniently. The different ways to trade stock are as following-: a. Delivery based Trading: Place delivery based orders for all stocks listed on NSE(national stock exchange) & BSE(Bombay stock exchange).

b. Intra-day Trading: Execute Margin Orders up to 3 to 4 times of available funds. The same is available for select group of stocks listed on NSE & BSE.

c. ANST: Sell shares before the client receive the same in his demat account. One can avail of this facility 1st and 2nd day after the buy order.

Derivative: With a Derivative-approved Usectrade account, it is possible to pursue a wide range of Futures & Options trading strategies with speed and ease. The firm delivers the support, information and structure that quickly let the client spot potential opportunities and act on them fast. Mutual Fund: At Usectrade, offer is made to access to more than 1000 mutual fund schemes from leading fund families. These funds provide broad diversification and cover a range of investment objectives, philosophies, asset classes and risk exposures. Trades may be placed via the Internet, Interactive Voice Response (IVR) phone system or with a broker.

IPO:IPO or Initial Public Offer presents excellent opportunities for gaining high returns on your investments in a relatively short period of time. Investing in IPOs have been made hassle free. All that is required is Buying POWER and rest is at the click of a button. No

paperwork no queues. Get information on IPO news, Forthcoming IPOs and a lot more on Usectrade.com

Commodities: Metals, energies, grains and livestock whatever is desired to be traded, would be found on our commodity trading system. In addition a comprehensive suite of educational, analytical, and execution tools are also available, that makes trading commodities easy.

Insurance: Usectrade in association with Birla Sunlife brings to the client a secure insurance option without the hassles and worries of a conservative insurance plan. With least paperwork, the client gets the dual benefit of a risk cover and savings. What's more, the firm shall send the client regular reminders about the premium payments due. Bonds: Fixed income securities can help reduce the risk of the client within an investment portfolio while providing a steady stream of income over time. Currently one can choose to invest online in GOI Bonds. The prospective client are looking to diversify portfolio, possibly to improve tax efficiency and/or reducing risk exposure. The client may

want to consider making fixed income securities part of the personal investment strategy.

Research:
Charting Tools - Get a combined view of stocks, rapid price changes and volume increases with this pre-trade analytic tool. Enables the client to do technical market analysis of stocks on price, volume, market cap and P/E for NSE/BSE Benchmark against Domestic as well as International Indices. Sector Watch One can access sector-wise information to track sectors and individual scripts within the sector, which makes analysis easy for the client. Corporate Info hub The firm provide the client with exhaustive company information, detailed financials and ratios. And the firm also allows the client to evaluate financials across peer companies. The extensive database for the client covers more than 4000 companies. Newsroom - View live market news from the most reliable sources on equity, debt, politics and general events. The client even have access to live news analysis, market commentary and happening

stocks.

Customer Service & Other Value Added Services:

Online Query Resolution - With the "Quick Mail" tool of the firm the client can resolve all problems online. Online Ledger - View Digital Contract Note, summary of the transactions using Online "Bills & Accounts". My Inbox - Maintain records of all important notifications related to the clients account.

SMS Alerts - Set Price based Alerts for Stocks of clients choice Dedicated Customer Care Centre & State-of-the-art Phone-2-Trade Desk Interactive Demo - A step-by-step guide to enable the client to navigate through the process of Investing Online on the Usectrade.com website

Subscription to Mailers - Subscribe to the firms In-house Research Reports covering our entire Product Bouquet

Customer Education Sessions - Register Online for Customer Sessions & Workshops on various topics ranging from Derivatives to Commodities & Market Analysis.

Trading Platforms Of Usectrade.com

There are three trading platform of Usectrade.com which help the customers to trade in a more easy manner. This help the customers to manage their account well with more advanced stock trading features. The three trading platforms are mentioned below-:

1. Easy Usec 2. Advanced Usec 3. Super Usec

Easy Usec:
Customer can trade on a newly redesigned Web site that is easy to navigate with even more advanced stock trading features. Customer

can manage their accounts, trade, find stock research & get quotes all within a site that has a new, updated looks.

Benefits of Easy Usec: Integrated Bank, Demat & Trading Accounts

Get Current & Historical Order Status Monitor client order Anywhere access Access to all back end reports & data Valuable Online Research World class Resources

Easy Usec web page shown on the monitor

Advance Usec:
Customer can also trade on Advance Usec where they have access to live streaming quotes , which enables them to keep track of realtime price movement. Multiple market watch , message window & trading window , all in one screen , to help customers track individual stocks 7 make timely trades when investing online.

Benefits of Advance Usec:

Streaming quotes Market depth window Anywhere access Create Multiple Watch lists Equity & Derivatives orders in single window Hot Key Navigation Access to all back end reports & data

AdvanceUsec web page shown on the monitor

Super Usec:
This is built exclusively for active traders , launches right from the traders desktop & offers advanced charting capabilities , technical analysis & shows traders every bid & offer for every market participants, allowing them to execute a quick & better trading decision. Benefits of Super Usec: Personalized Stock Quotes Lists Fully Customized display Streaming Intraday, Daily & Weekly Charts Quick Quotes Sophisticated Alert capabilities Track your orders real time

 Lock terminal option

Super Usec web page shown on the monitor

Associates

Securities Trading Corporation Of India Ltd. (STCI):

Securities Trading Corporation Of India Ltd. (STCI) was established by Reserve Bank Of India (RBI) in May 1994, jointly with public sector banks and all-India financial institutions with objective of fostering the development of an active secondary market for Government securities and bonds issued by Public sector undertakings, FI's, Corporates etc. The Company was incorporated with an authorised and paid up capital of Rs. 500 Crore of which RBI contributed 50.18 percent.

STCI commenced business operations in June 1994 and started dealing in government securities. On the introduction of the system of Primary Dealership in Government Securities, in February 1996, STCI became one of the first two institutions to be accredited by RBI as a primary Dealer in Government securities. The company is registered as Non - Banking Financial Company with Reserve Bank Of India and is classified as an Investment Company. Government of India have notified STCI as an "Approved Finance Institution" for the purpose of Sections 18 and 24 of the Banking Regulations Act, 1949 and Section 42(1) of the Reserve Bank Of India Act, 1934.

STCI's core activities comprise participation, underwriting, market making and trading in Government Securities. The Company has established a name for itself in the Indian Government Securities Market and has emerged as one of the leading Primary Dealer over the period of time. STCI enjoys liquidity support through a refinance facility from RBI and also has access to a liquidity adjustment facility (LAF) from RBI. Apart from the above, the company is an active partner in the inter-bank call money markets and Repo market. STCI after strongly establishing its footings in the Government Securities Market has progressively moved into other segments of the fixed income securities markets. The Company has become one

of the dominant players in the Corporate Bond Market. It participates in the primary issues of bonds of All India Finance

Institutions (FI's), Public Sector Undertakings and Corporates; and actively deals in the secondary market. The Company has also moved into the debt derivatives market by becoming an active market maker in Interest Rate Swaps. In order to diversify the risk concentration from the fixed income securities market, the company has recently started providing portfolio management services, trading in the equities market on proprietary account and distributing Mutual Funds products.

CHAPTER-2

The Project

2.1 Purpose & Scope of study 2.2 Objectives 2.3 Methodology

Purpose of the project

1. The main purpose of the project is to get the rough idea of equity instruments and fixed income instruments and to know the growth of equity market investors have grown since last four to five years over fixed income investors and what is the further scope of equity instruments exists over fixed income instruments.

2. The basic purpose behind this study was to get the general idea of the scenario that there are how many people, who invest in equity instruments (for example stocks, shares etc)

and how many people, invest in fixed income instruments (for example insurance, bonds etc).

3. The purpose of the project was also that to have an idea of the investments of the people in various fields according to there age, occupation and year (in which they started investing their money).

Equity what does it mean?

1. Stock or any other security representing an ownership interest. 2. On the balance sheet the amount of funds contributed by the owners (the stockholders) plus the retained earnings (or losses). Also referred to as shareholders equity.

3. In the context of margin trading, the value of securities in a margin account minus what has been borrowed from the brokerage.

4. In the context of real estate, the difference between the current market value of the property and the amount the owner still owes on the mortgage. Thus, it is the amount the owner would receive after selling a property and paying off the mortgage. Equity is a term whose meaning depends very much on the context. In general, one can think of equity as ownership in any asset after all debts associated with that asset are paid off. For example: a car or a house with no outstanding debts is considered the owners equity since he or she can readily sell the items for cash. Stock are equity because they represent ownership of a company where as bonds are classified as debts because they represent an obligation to pay and not ownership of assets.

What is fixed income?

Fixed income is a type of investing or a budgeting style for which real return rates or periodic income is received in regular intervals at reasonably predictable levels. Fixed income budgeters and investors are often one and the same-typically retired individuals who rely on their investments to provide a regular stable income stream. This demographic tends to invest heavily in fixed income investments.

Individuals who live on set amount of periodically paid income face the risk that inflation will erode their spending power. Fixed income investors receive similar set, regular payments that face the same inflation risk.

Equity Instruments over Fixed Income Instruments

Equities markets have been under extreme pressure in the last five years. Since, March 2000, when the first signs of the market reversal began, the descent was dramatic and rapid. It was only in the second quarter of 2003, the turn around began, which every one hopes will be stronger and sustainable. The meltdown has been so sharp and severe that it caused enormous erosion in the personal wealth, which is estimated to be anywhere up to US$ 7 trillion, steep fall in trading volumes, which

in case of a few leading international exchanges was up to 70 percent. Simultaneously, stricter norms evolved for corporate listing and as also their governance and in India in particular, a wide range of reforms came into being to make the securities markets more streamlined and systematic. Beginning May 2004, equity markets worldwide began to show a turnaround that is sizeable and significant. By end August NASDAQ recovered 59 percent and Dow Jones 28 percent from their lows in the recent period. Indias own SENSEX too made a remarkable recovery gaining anywhere up to 40 percent. Derivatives markets everywhere are growing at a rapid pace. Favorable trends are also evident in portfolio flows with foreign institutional investors taking renewed interest in the emerging markets.

Despite sluggish international economy and rising concerns in domestic and international security, stock markets have been showing optimism and hope. While it might be the return of good times once again for the equity markets, the issues of their significance and importance in the national economies and as a major source of mobilization of financial resources remain relevant. Equalization emerged as an important imperative in the International and domestic financial policy, in the last two decades. The developments in the last five years have however dented the prospects.

Further scope of equity instruments

The scope of equity instruments in the near future is much wider as compared to fixed income instruments. The main reason behind this is that there is more competition and people have more money now. They want to invest more and want to gain more. They want higher returns on there investments. As, the income level of people have increased, they have started investing more and more in shares, stocks etc. Moreover, the levels of knowledge of people have also increased. They have now become much more money minded and

want to take risk to gain more so they are investing in equity instruments. In fixed income the return is also fixed. Fixed income investors receive a similar set or regular set of payments that face the same inflation risk. But in equity, the income is not fixed, it can double the investors investment or it can be less than that also. Investing in equity is a risk and people now are taking this risk to gain profit. As, the Indian economy is growing at a faster rate, service sector is also growing fast. The service sector is performing extremely very well. Also, dependence on the agriculture has also gone down. Due to this corporate earning are also becoming very good. This, is encouraging the people to invest more in the equity as compared to the fixed income. Hence, all this shows that the scope of equity instruments in the future is extremely good.

CHAPTER-3

COLLECTION & ANALYSIS OF DATA

3.1 Data Collection 3.2 Data Analysis

Collection and analysis of data

Data collection
Data collection has been done keeping in mind the main objective and requirements of the project. That is Change in investors behavior about equity instruments over fixed income instruments and its further scope. Data is collected by using proper tools of the project. These tools are visiting different clients, telephonic conversation and filling up of questionnaires.

A total of 100 samples have been collected. These samples are according to age, occupation, area of investment (in equity, mutual funds, bonds, insurance etc.), percentage of investment, year of investment and mode of investment (i.e. fixed income instruments or equity instruments)

Data analysis
Data has been analyzed in form of pie charts. Pie charts of different data according to age, occupation, area of investment (in equity, mutual funds, bonds, insurance etc.), percentage of investment, year of investment and mode of investment (i.e. fixed income instruments or equity instruments) have been plotted to know the growth of equity in the last five years and its further scope.

ACCORDING TO AGE GROUP

ACCORDING TO OCCUPATION

ACCORDING TO AREA OF INVESTMENT

ACCORDING TO PERCENTAGE OF INVESTMENT

ACCORDING TO PERCENTAGE OF INVESTMENT IN EQUITY

INVESTMENT % IN EQUITY
15 10

BELOW 10% 10-30%

35

30-50%

40

ACCORDING TO YEAR OF INVESTMENT

YEARLY TRENDS IN EQUITY INVESTMENT

45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

YEARLY TRENDS IN EQUITY INVESTMENT

98

5 99 0 95 19 -1

00 0 95 -2

-1

19 80

19 85

90 -

19

19

20 0

0-

20 08

ACCORDING TO MODE OF INVESTMENT

Observations & Findings from data analysis

ACCORDING TO AGE GROUP:-

According to age group out of 100 clients

35 clients fall under the age group of 20-30 years. 30 clients fall under the age group of 30-40 years. 25 clients fall under the age group of 40-50 years. 10 clients fall under the age group of 50-60 years. From the above observations it can be concluded that all those people who falls under the age groups of 20 to 30 years are very active clients in the field of investments in the equity instruments. They have full knowledge regarding equity and have high risk taking ability. ACCORDING TO OCCUPATION:-

According to occupation out of 100 clients

45 clients are service men. 35 clients are businessmen. 20 clients are professional people. From this it has been observed that all there men are purely interested in investing in equity and they are the active investors in the field equity instruments. This observation Also, shows that people who are under services are much more interested in investing in equity as compared to businessmen and professionals.

ACCORDING TO AREA OF INVESTMENT:-

According to area of investment out of 100 clients

28 clients have invested in equity. 20 clients have invested in mutual funds. 20 clients have invested in bonds. 30 clients have invested in insurance. 2 clients have invested in other income deposits. From this observation it has been found out that equity and insurance are in competition with one another. People are almost interested in investing both in insurance and equity. This shows that in the coming years equity will soon surpass other investments. This will be a boom to the economic growth of the country. ACCORDING TO PERCENTAGE OF INVESTMENT IN EQUITY:-

According to the percentage of investment in the equity out of 100 clients

10 clients invest in the range of below 10% in equity. 40 clients invest in the range of 10%-30% in equity. 35 clients invest in the range of 30%-50% in equity. 15 clients invest in the range of 50%& above in equity. From this observation it has been found that within the range of 10%-30% more people are investing in equity. This shows that all these people are aware of the benefits of the equity and have the ability of taking risks. 15 clients are investing in the range of 50% & above which is a very good sign for the economic growth.

ACCORDING TO YEAR OF INVESTMENT:-

According to the year of investment out of 100 clients

5 clients invested in equity between the period 1980-1985. 8 clients invested in equity between the period 1985-1990. 13 clients invested in equity between the period 1990-1995. 29 clients invested in equity between the period 1995-2000. 45 clients invested in equity between the period 2000-2008. From the above observation we found that investment in equity is highest during the period 2000-2008.this is because now people are taking risk to gain more. They are of the opinion that though, equity is a risk factor but its returns are high and far better than fixed income instruments. Due to more advancement and more knowledge and increased level of income people are taking risk to invest in equity. It is also observed from the above findings that during the period 1985-1990 the Indian economy was going through a very bad stage. After, the liberalization in 1991 Indian industries started flourishing and new players came in to the market, which gave rise to more and more equity at stake.

ACCORDING TO MODE OF INVESTMENT:According to the mode of investment out of 100 clients

60 clients have equity instruments as their favorite mode of investment 40 clients have fixed income instruments as their favorite mode of investment From the above observation it has been observed that now people are investing in equity instruments. There is tremendous growth and opportunities in equity market. This is a growing platform for the upcoming industries and will increase the national income of the country. Thus we can say that the main structural base of any economy across the World. Based on the equity market path of any countrys economical structure is decided.

CHAPTER-4

Findings & Recommendations

4.1 Conclusion 4.2 Constraint & Limitations 4.3 Recommendations

CONCLUSION
In these two months I have come across many facts and figures of equity instruments and fixed income instruments. I have been revealed from the study that earlier people use to prefer fixed income instruments rather than equity instruments or we can say that most of the people were not aware of equity, what equity is? They just knew about fixed income instruments and used to go for that. There was one more reason why people were not much aware of equity, this was lack of knowledge on stocks and shares earlier people were less educated; they did not have enough knowledge regarding equity so they used to go for fixed income instruments. And prior to the 1991 virtually equity culture was restricted to a particular section of the society and not to the people at large. Earlier, people did not have easy access to information due to low technological advancements and low level of knowledge. Also, the income level of the people was low and because of that they did not want to take risk. But now time has changed. People have started investing more and more in equity instruments. Due to this there is a boom in the countrys economy. Moreover, now people are taking risk to gain more .they are of the opinion that though, equity is a risk factor but its returns are high and far better than fixed income instruments.

Today, due to more advancement and more knowledge and increased level of income people are taking risk to invest in equity. With this equity market investment will surpass fixed income in the near future. All days are new and all requirements of people are new. As, the requirements of the people are increasing, their needs are also increasing. People are now more aware of quick returns and faster growth of investments. Due to increased income and increased disposable amount at hand, risk bearing capacity of people has increased. Equity is a high risk which is taken for more earnings. According, to the study done on the equity I have found that people have personally felt that equity has raised the standard of there living. Though, some risk attached to it, it gives better returns. Also, equity investments cover even rate of inflation. But, fixed investments do not cover even rate of inflation. Equity, leads to greater awareness as compared to fixed income investments. The year 2008 is the really a tough period for share market investors. Investors lost lot of money in the beginning of this year. The reason for all this was sub prime crisis in United States. Many of the shares fall in the stock exchange. Sensex gone down from 21000 to 14000 points. But this scenario was not faced by India only but the economic crisis was spread to all the economic developed and developing nations. But still equity instruments considered better than fixed income instruments.

We conclude from all these things that equity gives better returns and it is highly flexible in trading. Indian economy is moving at a rapid pace with lots of FDIs (foreign direct investments) and FIIs (foreign institutional investors). The equity market is needed for a sustainable long term in the near future. There is tremendous growth and opportunities in equity market. This is a growing platform for the upcoming industries and will increase the national income of the country. As, Indian markets are growing at a rapid speed, we will get higher returns and good corporate earnings by investing in equity instruments.

Hence, in long run the direction of economy will be in the direction of mobilizing savings towards the capital market. Thus, we conclude that the scope of equity instruments in the near future is very bright. Equity instruments will surpass fixed income instruments in the coming years.

EMERGING ISSUES

The stock price depends upon the stock exchange quotation. The stock investment rates depend upon the policies of the government. Government makes different policies due to which the interest rate goes up and down. Now, government wants to reduce the rate of interest so that more and more people can invest in the equity which is good for the both economic growth of the country and the living standard of the people. Now days, people have enough money to save, consume and to invest in the stocks. Due to reduction in the interest rates by the government lots of people are investing in equity.

Now, that people are having disposable income which is substantially more than previous time, tendency to invest in stock is also increasing .The sensex has zoomed to an all time high of 20000K, this indicates confidence of the investors in dealing with stock.(although, a part of the investors are from the institutions).

To sum up peoples craze for investing in stock will continue till such time they receive higher return from there investment and MPS (Marginal propensity to save) will remain higher than MPC (Marginal propensity to consume) coupled with increased income.

Mathematically, the marginal propensity to save (MPS) function is expressed as the derivative of the savings (S) function with respect to disposable income (Y)

MPS=dS/dY In other words, the marginal propensity to save is measured as the ratio of the change in saving to the change in income, thus giving us a figure between 0 and 1.it is the opposite of the marginal propensity to consume (MPC).

MPC+MPS=1 MPS=1-MPC

CONSTRAINTS/LIMITATIONS

During the project there were various factors, which posed as constraints. These were called as the project constraints or limitations. These constraints are as follows: Non-availability of some of the investors in their respective places due to their busy working schedule. Some of the investors were not ready to provide the actual data. Some of them did not provide the satisfactory answer required for proper analysis. Some of the addresses, e-mail ids and the telephone numbers collected were changed, so it was difficult to get the appropriate feedbacks. Some of the investors has mind blocks towards online equity trading. People have wrong notions about online share trading. Some corporate people did not entertain us as we were just trainees.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STANDARD CHARTERED-STCI CAPITAL MARKETS LIMITED TO INCREASE MARKET SHARES AND MARKET PENETRATION

1. Standard chartered STCI capital markets ltd, should promote its online trading portals through advertisements on the various business channels on television, posters, hoardings etc. 2. As eastern region is going to be a huge destination for the investors company should adopt some of aggressive marketing methods which is already started by the other competitive firms like ICICI direct, Religare, Kotak securities,etc. 3. During the market survey of different people from different professions it was found that most of them were having their savings accounts in State Bank Of India with which our company doesnt have a tie up. If company makes a tie up with SBI then it will be easier for the company to increase the counts in the user of online equity investors.

4. Company should promote its online trading business through

targeting a particular segment of people like Army Personals, students who are entering into the professional arena by using more aggressive marketing strategies like ICICI Direct and ensure that there entry into equity happens online and more precisely through standard chartered STCI capital markets ltd.

5. Today when there is a huge competition among companies

effective brand value is very much important from companies point of view. It can be done through giving advertisements in business newspapers, news channels including general as well as business, hiring some celebrity (from the field of cinema,sports,etc) the face of the Standard Chartered STCI Capital Markets Ltd as people usually associate different product to the stars in India.

6. Now a days lot of foreign companies in this field provide all the related information about the product,accessability,features to the prospective customer in the form of CD-ROM or some written material which customer can go through afterwards and keep it along with him for future prospect.

7. During project survey it was found that many people are potential customers, they trade regularly and if they get proper support then they can be proven much more profitable to the company if any customer care executive calls the customer at particular time span then the customer feels good and become more brand loyal in this way he will trade more frequently and gives more profit to the company. 8. In all the branches of Standard Chartered-STCI Capital Markets Ltd an initiative can be taken about customer education program. In the regular intervals of time company should conduct useful workshops for the customers so that they will avail all the relevant information about the service they are getting and how it help them in the future.

Questionnaire
1. Name:. 2. Age: (i) 18-25 yrs (ii) 26 45 yrs 3. Occupation: (i) Business (ii) Service (iii) 46 60yrs (iv) Above 60 yrs

(iii)Other Profession 4. Address: 5. Contact no. 6. Have you invested money in any financial instruments? (i) Yes (ii) No

7. In which Financial Instrument? (i) Equity (ii) Fixed Deposits (iii) Others

8. In which trading system do you trade? (i) Online (ii) Offline

9. In Which Brokerage Firm you trade? (i) StanChart-STCI Capital Markets ltd (ii) Kotak Securities (iii) India bulls (iv) HDFC Securities (v) Sharekhan 10. Have you ever heard of StanChart-STCI Capital Markets Ltd online site Usectrade.com? (i) Yes (ii) No 11. Source of Information of usectrade.com? (i) Word of mouth (iii) Website (ii) Newspaper

LIST OF (PARTIAL)

PEOPLE

SURVEYED

DURING

PROJECT

NAME
1. SUB VS YADAV 2. MAJ.B K DUTTA 3. LT.SIDDHARTH S MANI 4. SQ.LDR.ABHIJIT LAL 5. LT.CHANDAR NAIK 6. LT.S K SINGH 7. P K BASAK 8. P K MANDAL 9. C K DEB 10. LT.VIBHUTI KUMAR 11. MAJ.VIKAS AMBIYA 12. CAPT.DEEPAK SINGH 13. SQN.LDR.PRABHAN KUMAR 14. JAVED 15. SUNIL KUMAR JAIN 16. VIKAS ARORA 17. HARISHANKAR MOHANTY 18. MAJ.S S DAS 19. VINAYAK SINGHA 20. NARENDRA KUMAR 21. R S NAGI 22. ANUJ SARKAR 23. ABHINAV SHARMA 24. ARPAN RAI CHAUDHARY 25. AUROTOSH CHAKRABARTY 26. KRISHAN KR.JAGGI 27. RAKESH KUMAR 28. RAVI KIRAN 29. VIKRAM TANNA 30. TRIBHUVAN YADAV 31. VISHAL ANAND 32. VARUN YADAV 33. UMESH SHARMA 34. SWATIDAR

CONTACT NO.
9830057765 9748755135 9331825574 9874236826 9748302636 9874580153 03322299629 03324069586 03324491010 9433231522 9874395761 9748835853 9836556679 9339379622 9831030127 9830887678 9903024431 9830797406 9339319480 9836236208 9830926759 9433290648 9903187383 9433971765 9836211973 9883164064 9883252795 9324827192 9830023146 9830685885 9830199269 9985408242 9997054939 9712002599

BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.usectrade.com www.google.com www.nseindia.com www.bseindia.com www.financialtechnologies.com