FM-101-97 ( Michael Gallegos, added 14-Oct-1998) Field Manual No 101-97 Air Force Pamphlet 200-97 Naval Warfare Publication

No 29-97 Fleet Marine Force Manual No 11-97 FM 101-97 AFP 200-97 NWP 29-97 FMFM 11-97

STAFF OFFICERS FIELD MANUAL DOCTRINES AND PROCEDURES REANIMATED DEAD

THIS VERSION IS AN ON-LINE DOCUMENT THIS VERSION IS AN ON-LINE DOCUMENT INTRODUCTION The reanimation of the recently dead is an unprecedented event in human history. Since early 1997, this phenomenon has overtaken the globe, dramatically shifting all geopolitical and socioeconomic systems and boundaries. It is the purpose of this manual to disseminate the most recently updated information on this phenomenon to all servicemen and women, regardless of nationality or political status. This information has been collected through the collaborative efforts of Natick Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, and soldiers in the field. OVERVIEW As soldiers are the guardians of the state, it is the soldier who will bear the brunt of any domestic crisis. This manual will provide the individual soldier with detailed information regarding the reanimated dead in the following areas: -History -Biology -Behavioral Patterns -Weapon Effectiveness and Employment -Casualty Management -First Aid -Current Military State 1.0 HISTORY As has been documented every day since initial reports in mid-February 1997, the dead are returning to life to seek out the living. The root cause has been determined to be a previously unknown biological agent; specifically, an engineered virus. The purpose of

this virus remains unknown, although given the catastrophic effect on human population centers, the inherent tactical and strategic uses of this agent cannot be ignored. Given the extreme mutagenic ability of the virus and the speed of it's transmission among populated areas, it is unlikely the engineers of this agent did not realize they had created the most powerful biological agent known to science, whatever the true purpose or nature of the virus may have been. As of publication of this manual, no major city in the Western Hemisphere with a population of over 500,000 has been spared complete contagion, regardless of quarantine or containment operations. An estimated 1.5 billion reanimated dead walk the earth, with approximately 30.000 new individuals per day. 2.0 BIOLOGY Perhaps no subject has been studied in recorded history with more urgency than the biological functions of the newly risen. The following key points are known regarding reanimated individuals: -Relatively little higher cognitive or vocal ability, due to viral destruction of higher order areas of the brain. Affected individuals cannot understand symbolic communication, employ tools, use problem solving skills or logical processes -Due to the above, basic motor skills are drastically reduced. Affected individuals appear in stupor, with limited mobility (base average speed near 3 miles/4.5 kilometers per hour) -Impervious to pain or other negative physical stimuli; burning individuals have been observed remaining mobile for up to an hour; likewise, specimens with all organs and limbs removed remain active -Extreme tracking ability in regard to living humans; a single living human can attract all reanimated individuals from as far as one and a half kilometers -Reanimated individuals exhibit one basic motive: consumption of living humans (experiments removing all organs and bodily tissues from captured specimens suggest no nourishment is gained by this type of consumption) Exhaustive research in the field indicates that aside from immolation, violent cranial trauma sufficient to induce destruction of the affected individual's cerebral tissues is the only effective means of achieving permanent deactivation.(Fig 2.1) 2.1 Effects of conventional weapons on affected individuals Anti-personnel mines Suitable at ranges up to 20 meters when fragmentary aspects result in complete disintegration of targeted individuals Unsuitable-blast and fragmentary effects insufficient to result in destruction of target (NOTE: M-14 Incendiary and M-35 White Phosphorous excluded)

Grenades

Small arms Crew served weapons Flame Artillery projectiles Edged weapons

Suitable only when employed as directed at cranial targets Suitable only when employed as directed at cranial targets Suitable-extreme flammability of affected individuals Unsuitable-blast and fragmentary effects insufficient to result in destruction of target Unsuitable except when used to effect decapitation of target

Normal post-expiration biological processes in affected individuals are markedly reduced; in some instances, completely absent. Tissue decay rates in the brain and spinal column are inhibited to almost non-existent, although some decomposition occurs in the musculoskeletal system and larger internal organs. These decays in structure significantly weaken affected individuals physically, greatly improving effectiveness of employed weaponry. As indicated, weapons fire should be directed at cranial specific targets to ensure rapid deactivation of target individuals. Area effect fire can be employed to hamper mobility, i.e., lower limb and extremity removal, with follow up operations to deactivate remaining targets commencing immediately thereafter. It is important to note that with the exception of higher order primates such as the chimpanzee, no other species are affected by this agent. 3.0 BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS Reanimated individuals display one motivating stimuli-to seek out and consume living humans. This behavior directly affects the planning and implantation of offensive military operations at the theater, corps, division and brigade levels. Given the current population trend of massive, rapid evacuations from highly dense, heavily urbanized areas in favor of less populated rural areas, largely edified areas comprising the remains of larger cities are now considered no-man's-lands, off limits to all personnel. As of publication of this manual, these areas are Designated Area Targets (DAT) for systematic nuclear sterilization under Provisional G-2, CENTCOM. The mass migration of large numbers of civilians into the country has the natural effect of drawing equal or larger amounts of reanimated dead. This "homing ability" of the affected population is a side effect as yet not fully understood. It must be taken into consideration the ability of even one living human individual to "draw" hundreds, if not thousands, of affected individuals.

Reanimated individuals all share the need for living human flesh. Specimens will follow this need with no display of fear or the need for self preservation. This need can and has been utilized successfully in past field operations to corral groups of reanimated dead into areas where mass deactivation can be achieved. 4.0 WEAPON EFFECTIVENESS AND EMPLOYMENT The use of conventional weapons to combat reanimated individuals is mostly ineffective unless employed in very specific ways. As the only known method of achieving deactivation is via the destruction of the affected individual's brain tissues, weapon employment and target selection will be limited to these areas. Target engagement ranges will be modified accordingly (Fig 4.1), taking into account affected individual speed of movement and tendency of affected population to advance en masse. Fig 4.1 Recommended targeting ranges, conventional weapons(U.S) Weapon M16A1/A2 Range 75 meters Notes Semiautomatic fire; using A1, automatic selection not used; using A2, three round burst selection not used Semiautomatic fire; used only under extreme duress rapid to sustained fire; traverse and elevation mechanism adjusted to provide grazing fire @ head level to incoming target rapid to sustained fire; traverse and elevation mechanism adjusted to provide grazing fire @ head level to incoming target effective when using incendiary rounds(NOTE: minimum grenade arming range is 31 meters/26 meters combat) most effective when placed 2-3 meters above ground in target path to maximize fragmentary lethality effective when using incendiary rounds; area effect fire to hamper mobility

M1911A1/M9 M249 SAW

10 meters 75 meters

M60E3

80 meters

M203

100 meters

M18A1

20 meters

Mk19

200 meters

M72A2 AT-4 M2

150 meters 150 meters 200 meters

effective in area effect fire to hamper mobility effective in area effect fire to hamper mobility rapid to sustained fire; traverse and elevation mechanism adjusted to provide grazing fire @ head level to incoming target; effective in destroying forward mobility at 150 meters limited effective use due to high ammunition consumption rate

GAU-2

100 meters

Due to the cessation of industrial output, a premium will be assigned to stringent ammunition quantity management. Commanders are instructed to insure no ammunition is unnecessarily wasted. 5.0 CASUALTY MANAGEMENT It is of paramount importance in any operation involving reanimated individuals to plan and effectively implement stringent casualty collection and control. Customary methods of interment such as burial and entombment have proven unacceptable. Research and experience in the field show that the complete destruction of the corpse by cremation or immersion in industrial grade solvents are the only authorized methods to be used(Fig 5.1). These guidelines apply to all casualties, regardless of religious affiliation or accepted funerary guidelines. Based on data collected in the field, actual reanimation in recently expired individuals (those individuals who have received sufficient trauma which results in expiration but does not impede reanimation) ensues on an average of fourteen minutes and ten seconds. It is imperative that destruction of the affected corpse be implemented as soon after the determination of somatic death as possible. Fig 5.1 Casualty Management Technique Assessment Method Cremation Maceration Immersion(water) Suitability High Medium Low Notes Most effective method available Special equipment needed to grind remains Ineffective-affected individuals remain active submerged and may wash ashore

Immersion(solvent) Burial

High Low

Very effective when sulfuric and hydrochloric employed Ineffective-affected individuals remain dormant; potential accidental exhumation Ineffective-affected individuals remain dormant(*NOTE-liquid nitrogen very effective in destroying remains)

Freezing

Low*

Active personnel who become casualties will have their personal effects and identification tags removed before being disposed of in accordance with the above guidelines. 6.0 FIRST AID Due to the breakdown of basic social services during the initial stages of the crisis, few hospitals or aid facilities remain intact, much less functional. Responsibility for medical care and treatment now falls under individual unit medical personnel; those military bases still operational (Fig 7.1) in CONUS at division levels and higher retain some hospital function, although re-supply is no longer a possibility. Injuries inflicted on soldiers in the field are of identical nature everywhere. As reanimated dead seek to consume the living, the overwhelming majority of sustained injuries are bites. These bites are the primary means of transmitting the reanimating agent from affected individuals to living humans. These wounds are 100% fatal. There is no known treatment. Death will occur within 24 hours of initial infection, at which point the newly infected casualty will reanimate. It is important to note that extreme psychological stress, post traumatic stress disorder and other mental ailments such as depression are common reported effects of sustained combat operations with reanimated dead. Their effect on unit morale cannot be ignored. It is of prime importance of unit commanders to insure adequate down time to maintain proper unit moral. It is a consequence of the severity of the current situation that newly infected soldiers wishing to take their own lives be allowed to do so. Infected soldiers, as well as civilians, who request a merciful death from fellow soldiers will likewise be granted. 7.0 CURRENT MILITARY STATE

The United States military has in large part taken the brunt of the damage for the duration of this crisis; currently, total active and reserve forces have been depleted to 45% of precrisis levels. All military areas and sites not categorized sensitive have been destroyed via tactical nuclear strikes. 7.1 Functioning U.S. military sites Ft. Bragg, NC (USA) Ft. Bliss, TX (USA) Ft. Wainwright, AK (USA) Johnston Atoll (USA) Schofield Barracks,HI (USA) Pearl Harbor, HI (USN) USS Abraham Lincoln (USN) USS Enterprise (USN) evacuated with Pope AFB to USN-Pearl Harbor 6 Sep 97 preparing for evacuation to USN -Pearl Harbor protected by extreme terrain and meteorological conditions; rally point for USA protected by extreme remoteness; rally point for USN garrison support, USN-Pearl Harbor state seized per USN internal directives; rally point for US forces CONUS anchored off of USN-Norfolk; conducting air support and refugee evacuation for metropolitan Washington D.C. anchored off USN- San Diego; conducting air support and refugee evacuation for metropolitan San Diego protected by extreme remoteness; rally point for USAF protected by extreme meteorological conditions; Provisional Operations Center, SAC USMC garrison; refuses to abandon post

USAF Diego Garcia (USAF) Elmendorf AFB, AF (USAF) USMCRD Parris Island

As the current state of military affairs changes on a day-to-day basis, this document will be updated weekly for as long as practicable. By order of the Secretary of the Army

John W. Casey, Jr General, United States Army Chief of Staff DISTRIBUTION: Active Army, USAR,USN; Active Air Force, USAFR, USANG; Active Navy, USNR: To be distributed via electronic mail and active World Wide Web sites in accordance with DA PAM 97-11-2 - THE END -